X VOL. XVIII. OREGON PIONEER HISTORY. SKETOnEB OF EARLY DAYS. ---MEN AND TIMES IH TUE FORTIES. DY B. A CLARKE. Cop-rljlit applied for. All right) rtMrr-d. . NUMDF.lt XVI. FUR COMPANY METHOD. Tho cnrly history of tho fur companies ir a record of bad management nud bloody acta. Sometimes tho whites in cited snvago vengonnco by reckless acts oti their part, but the lima tlnnlly came, undor Dr. McLoughlin's ndministrntion, when a politic courso wns established and tho influence, of tho Hudson's Hay Company was supremo over tho wholo region. In tho sprint; tho business of trapping was given over. Tho furs wcro best in tho winter season. Then nuturo hrul clothed its myrind ot wild-wood wards with their warmest covering, nnd tho furs that human comfort and fashion made n market for by coveting, had thoir longest, ilnost nnd strongost fi!cr. Spring is tho time when all fur bearing creatures shed off their winter garments anil tako on a lighter growth, suited to tho soason. That, too, was tho timo when tho employes of tho fur company gathered their year's stock of poltry nnd carried thorn to headquarters. Thoro was art and skill in tho management of this business, nnd advancement in tho servico depended on tho nbility shown to" conduct business wisoly. Judging of tho valuo of furs was a lino art, nnd caring for them, bailing nud packing thorn and getting them safely to Vancouver was important. So whon wiii'or wn over, tho distant hunter nud trappers brought in thoir stock to tho chiof nf their dis tricts, who carefully examined nnd baled thorn in convention packages for trans portation. Wo can suppose that over tho wido territory that tho trapper or hunter roamed a universal movomont was mndo towards tho local contors. Each man whon ho mndo his report to his support, also gavo astntcmentof tho goods nnd supplies ho would individti ally rcouiro for tho year to como. Tho ngont in charge then sent down n run ncr to carry word to hoadqunrtcrs of his doings in general, and sent also, tho re quisitions of all tho employes in his dis trict for tho cmning yoar. Ho alto for wnrded his personal requisition for indi vidual requhoments, and an oidor for such supplies nslio expected to make moof in trading for furs during tho coming yonr. It was u enso of giving to them that have, and taking away from thoso that havo nothing, for the chief factor nt Vancouver mndo tho supplios sonl correspond to tho business done, nnd not to tho wishes or viows of tho agent. Success was tho criterion. Tho successful agent received a full supply of goods, nnd vico vorsn. At Vancouver thoy wcro busy for months putting up tho various requisi tions that enmo from u region a thous and miles square. Thero was an nccount kept with every man employod, and no supplios wore sent at any other tiuio than whon tho summer brigades went homo. Each man's order was carefully put up nnd sowed in a wrapcr ready to go buck when tho timo came. All tup plies for diflerent posts wore packed and invoiced to them, By this timo tho brigades enmo down tho river and their was pleuty of other work to bo done. Such perfect Bystcm provailed that no mistakes could happon. Colvillo was an important post and was tho upper station on tho Columbia. At that point tho battcaux wero built. Skilled workmen wero employed building these boats. They wero "clinker built," so as to mount a wave instead of diving into it. This mndo it possible to descend a rapid nnd not bo sucked into its vor tex. Theso baits wero sawed out by band just in the desired shape. They wore made of excellent yellow pino and SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, wero very serviceable. Thceo men built ten or twclvo battcaux every year, and thoy wero ulways ready when tho sum mer brigado wanted to start. It was usual to timo this expedition to suit tho early rising ot tho Columbia. l)y Juno tho great river would bo booming. Then tho pack-loads of vnluablo furs would arrlvo from tho northern posts. There wero several districts far nwny on tho Frnser, in Now Caledonia and nt Thompson's river. Whon all tho goods wcro packed and ready nt Colville tho fleet of battoaux started down stream. Tho occasion was ono ot lifo and jolity. Tho crows wcro voyngoui's from Canada. Desidos Canadians and half-breeds thorn would bo stalwart Iroquois Indians from Canada also, strong follows who woro thoroughly at homo in swift rapids. Theso men wero used as bowsracn. They stood in tho bow, paddlo in hand, to wnrd ofT from dangerous objects and by signals given thoy mndo tho steersman know how to guide tho boat. It was a striking sight to see this fleet of boats with its outro navigators nt helm and bow, starting down somo swift rapid. Tho tawny-skinned bowsman an Iro quois stripped to tho waist and bare headed, with long back hair streaming behind, built like an athlcto and evory musclo strained, dashes his oar in on this sido or tho other to givo tho boat olear headway through tho boiling floods. At tho mouth of tho Okanogan river thoy laid in n groat part of their etirgo. Hero tho pack train camo in from tho northern districts, which wcro rich in fur bearing animals. At tho mouth of Wnlln Wnlln river was Fort Wnlln Wnlln, to whioh enmo heavy shipmontH from Snnko river, as well as from tho Snako Indian country far south. Dy this timo their loads woro nearly com plete, nnd from thoir down it was n homo stretch. Tho boldest Iroquois bowemen would not daro to pns tho Bwift and narrow Dalles. Thero thoy mndo port ages to insuro safety. Also for a sort dis tance nt tho Cascades thoy mailo a port ngo ; but many of tho swift rapids they shot with arrowy spocd, their adroit bow8incn nnd steersmen being nerved to tho work. Onco below tho Cascades it was but a few hours run to Vnncouver. Tho wholo brigado was nlivo to tho fact that tho prima momont of tho wholo year was upon thorn. Everything was put in ordor, nnd whon headquarters finally enmo in sight they plumed them reives for tho supremo ovent of thoir nr rival. Forming ono broad front they kept in perfect lino, and bonding to their onrs, scut thoir Canadian loat eong chorus over tho watory way to nnnounco their coming. They firod guns and shouted wild huzzas nnd tho chorus of their 60ug grow to n wilder harmony. On shore, when they suw tho flout of battcaux coming, tho shout went up, "T.io Summer Brigndo! Tho Summer Urigado!" From tho flog-staff tho gor geous ensign of St. Gcorgo soon floated, and tho great guns in tho ba-tious roar ed out their noisiest welcome. If thero was any vessel in thorivornt that time, it joined in tho general jubileo; flags wero hoisted nnd cannons roared when ever possible. All recognized that this was tho greatost ovont of all tho year; thu fruition of many hopes, for this con voy brought homo tho total product of tho yeur gono by. Over nil tho wido in terior mountain rango.-, and nil tho beaver-haunted streams mountain mou and Indians had braved fato and tho oloments to gather tbess spoils for fashion's use. That was all tho use civilization then had for a region that has sinco proved very rich in precious ores ; that is furnishing bread for tho old world millions; whero flocks nnd herds, worth uncounted millions, replaco tho buffalo and oik nnd deer, and homes of a million people will toon mako tho wilderness forgotten unil leavo no traco of tho dusky tribes that tlion possessed it. A half century lias scarce gono, and now wo nro trying to savo n record of tho bravo nnd hnrdy men nud tho uoblo wo men who first occupied nnd laid tho foundntion for American rule Already tho past has grown historic nnd tho pio neer must bo rescued from oblivion. Tho Juno nrrivnl of tho stimmor bri gado brought together nil tho chief agents of tho Hudson's Day Company, Thoy camo down with their goods and wcro on board tho battcaux ns nil tho throng from tho port enmo down to wel come them It was in n certain sonso n holiday, but no senso of jollity over enmo between Dr. McLoughlin and business. Tho wclcomo was full and hcariy, but as friend mot friend and hand grasped hand and greetings wcro interchanged, tho balos wcro rapidly put nshoro nud carriod to tho storohouso not far nwny. It was only whon this work wns dono nnd every puckngo was accounted for as invoiced nud safoly stored, that tho pint of liquor was pour ed out at tho "depot" to tho bravo voyo gcurs, nnd thoy boenmo "as jolly ns lords." There wns no chnnco tnkon that should become so besoro tho work wns all done. And now commenced tho pleasant hours that still leavo such cheerful associations in tho minds of nil thoso who survivo of Hint rcmnrkublo sot of men who composed tho officials of tho Hud son's Bay Company. Thoy wero usually highly oducntcd nnd nccomplishod, and often as brilliant us well. Somo of thoso gentlemen wero remnrkablo ns conver sationalists, nnd very fow of thorn could bo called mcroly plain nnd ordinnry businoss men. It is said that J. Q. Campbell and Hiram Clark brought letters of introduction from Captain Fremont to Dr. McLoughlin, nnd woro entertained very ploasantly at Fort Vancouver in conscquonco. Thoy camo as far ns Whitman's with Fremont, and ns they wero coming down to Western Oregon ho gavo thorn nn introduction to Dr. McLoughlin, who showed them nil kindness nnd hospitality, and sont thorn to tho falls of tho Willnmctto in n battcaux. Both Cnmpbell nud Clnrk wcro accomplished gentlemen, nnd thoy havo often oxpressod surprise that mon of such flno education and trim breeding could bo found to livoin such n wildor no. What a joyous timo thero must havo been when thnt cotcrio of wit nnd earn ostness enmo togothor for thoso weoks nt Vancouver. How ns ono nnolhcr told tho story of his ycer' expciicnees, nnd at times humor gavo way to p.ithos n tho recital win of somo tragic ur pa thetic deed, of which tho oarly epoch know so ninny. Let in take n brief glauco nt tho principal ones in n short roviow, only wishing that somo writer with u hotter btoro of facts could bo found to do justico to tho theme. Dr. McLaughlin had groat system in nil business mutton1, but outside of bus iness, whero his great qualities earned such suro succosh, McLaughlin wns n ino-t cnjoyahlo num. All things went Inittor for his being noar mid his pres ence insured cheerfulness nnd humor. Ho wns finely educated nnd that in creased his capacity for conferring plonsure. All who woro in his society wcro charmed with tho gonial flow uf wit and humor, his pleasant inn n nor, and his kind interest in their fortunes. Ho becined to identify himsolf with them, nnd gavo all who enrno to him ox collont nnd rcliablo information and ndvico. Withal ho wns it very devout Catholic, and no ono can question thu sincerity of his belief. Ho had a rather comical way of using mild profanity and thou interrupting with self con demnation, would beg God's forgiveness boforo tho words woro cold, making tho sign of tho cross on his bread-basket in a laughable way, yet with nil possiblo sincerity. With such ninan ns lender, dullness could never thrive. Evory year Governor Simpson used to como over from London to attend a APRIL 30, X88. groat council nt Hod Ilivor, to which woro gathorcd a congress of nil tho ofll cial hoads of tho Hudson Day company. It was n timo ot great fensting and jol ity us woll ns of business importance Dr. McLaughlin could not go, butusunl- ly sent somo ono to represent him nnd tho department ho ruled. Up to tho timo our Bottlers organized n provisional govornmont thoro was no other rulo hero in tho Pacific far west than tho arbitrary regulations of thnt company. Dr. McLaughlin was tho autocrat of all tho Pacific Northwest, nnd thero was no law but his word. What nn opportunity, thnt, for ono man to bo a tyrant ; yol thero is no ovldonco thnt in nil tho yonrs ho wns chief factor that ho over oxeccdod rightful and leg itimnto discipline. As tho bends of tho department gath orcd at ItctI IHvor, so thoso in charge of districts camo togothor ovory summer nt Vnncouvor. Tho mon wo hnvo unmod nnd porhnps othors, wero as sembled with their year's collection of peltries nnd furs to sottlo for ono cam paign nnd plan for nnothcr. Wo hnvo shown whnt sort of meu thoy wero, how accomplished nnd ca pable, how full of kindnosa and humor, nnd who can doubt thnt thoir annual meetings wcro a delightful oxchnugo from tho dull commonplace of duty on tho fnr outskirts to companionship full of lifo nnd spirit. As timo wont on, thoso men bccanio moro united nud friendly, for they remained here, receiv ing desorved promotion for many n year. Dr. McLaughlin wns nt tho bond of affairs for twenty years, and nil thnt timo his word wns supremo. Thero was serious complaint mado against him but not for ofllcial noglcct. It was that ho was too friondly to American emi gration. His great kindness to Amor icans was urged against him as nn orror, if not n crlm", nnd was tho final causa of his resignation from tho Hud son Bay service. Bouthweitern Oreion an InvlUnc flsld'For Immigration. Wii.DEitvu.i.K, Or., April 21, 1880. IMitor Willamette Farmer: Knowing that you takn much interest in tho wolfaro of tho immigrant nnd dosiro to aid in locating in a pleasant and desirable part of this great and iioblii State. I would call your, and others attention to Southwestern Oregon, in Josephine eounty,asan inviting fluid in which to secure cheap farms, and also inducements for cottiers to locate govern mont laud in this imtucdiuto vicinity. Hoping to havu tho plcnsuio in assisting strangers to locate among us, I will fiooly givo my timo in to aiding them. ' M.S. Dean. To IIoiuoyo Mcis from Treei, Etc. Dexter, April 20, 188(5. I'Mitor Willninitto Fanner: In tho Farmer of April 0th, you ask somo questions which I will try to ans wer: I keep tho moss oft" tho fruit trees by whitewashing with uwd.ickod lime. To piovent squirrels, mice and goph ers from uatiug corn, I mjiiI; thu hiccJ, nearly or quite to the Kpiouting point in n solution of copperas. 1 havo plen ty of scod corn which is well cultivated, (white), and shall try n now early yellow variety. Yours Truly, S. M. 1 MARION COUflTY POMONA UKAHOC. Marion County PomoniiGraiign meets nt Jefferson, in Chehullpum Grange hall, on Friday, May 7th, at 11 o'clock a. M. All Uli degree members ot ttio ordor nro cordially invited to attend, and tho representatives of tho eubordi nato Oranges aro earnestly solicited to bo present. Secretary. Thoso who havo used tho Do.ss Zino and Leather Collar Pads and A.nicli: Hoots say they nro tho best and cheap est, bocnusQ most durable Thoy will last n lifo time. Sold by Harness makers on CO days' trial. Dexter Curtis, Mad ison, Wi. NO. 13. SPRING OUTLOOK. Under this head tho Springfield, Mass. Boptibliean nt n recent dnto says : Tho situation in regard to brendstuffs has become somewhat interesting on ac count of tho March statement of tho de partment of agriculture. On last Thurs day, for Instance, tho Now York Com mercial Bulletin showed thnt ns wo had exported but 10,080,000 bushols of whent, including flour, In seven months, wo should probably carry over nftor July 1, over 80,000,000 bushols of tho Inst very short crop. Tho ostimnto of tho govern ment statistician wns mndo public tho samo morning, namoly, that tho far mers now hold HO per cont. of tho whoat crop, th.U is, 107,000,000 bushols ; add to this tho visibly supply in storo March 1, 52,000,000, nnd tho country hns 150,000, 000 bushels of wheat to livo on till noxt Angust. The consumption of thocountry is estimated nt 21,000,000 n month, amounting in livo months to 120,000,000 bushols ; spring wheat seed will roquiro nbout lG.OOO.OOO, loaving less than 25, 000,000 bushols for export nud for margin. Tliis would bo nn unprecedented situation, for tho country novor carries ovor from crop to crop less thnn 38,000, bushols, which wns tho margin in 1882. whon whoat was hold nt $1.-12 nt tho close of tho season, nud in tho fnco of a Inrgo crop. Tho exports from Atlantic ports nlouo during 1-obruary woro 3,700, 000 bushels, or not quite n million n week. Thoy hnvo boon only n million in two weoks in March. Tho bull etntomont of tho enso is that tho county will bo bare of wheat to a wholly unprecedented degreo boforo August 1st, Thin viow socms to havo impressed tho British markets, as Lon don nud Liverpool hnvo responded to nn ndvnnco on this sido tho past week, for tho first timo sinco this crop wns liar vostcd. Tho British nvcrngo prico for tho week ending February 20, was 2!) shillings four penco, tho lowest over recorded. But oven with tho abundant native supply, tho British requirement from foroign sources has averaged 1, 000,000 bushels a wook, for 25 weeks. Thoro is ouo fact which should moder nto Amoricau exceptions, and that is, that is, that a great country is difficult to exhaust on tho home stretch. But evon adding a liliernl percent to tho ofllcial cstimrto of tho present total sup ply of tho douutry, it would seem un avoidable that wheat should rulo con siderably higher in tho next fow months. Foroign ndvicos nf tho Itussinn supply aao thnt it is very short. Tho prosont American visible supply is declining, and docs not very much from that of a year ago, when tho samo ports aro included. At thu present timo according to tho government rUiiMiuhm, wo hnvo just about Mld and eaten tho entire last yar's crop, and nro nowy read to attack ilm xiirplus left ovor from tho crop of 1881. Geo. Stnrrotl'd Walla Wnlln garden, flower, giam, tree, and hedgo seeds aro pre-eiuiuoutly tho best for this section. A m it it t not often thought of, but which is impoitaut to the planter, is that seeds grown in a northern climate havo inoro vigor, nud moro certain to prodticn iv crop, and mature o.irlier tuaii those raised further south ; this, only nn opin ion nt firnt by somo leading agriculturist, has of recent years been thoroughly es tablished us a fact, nud acknowledged now as tho rulo in all classes of reeds Mr. Stnrrctt guarantees ilmt all vegeta bio suds hold by him mo fresh nud true to name, nnd grown from tho choicest refaction of vegetables. In Saloiu thoso mmhIh aro sold by Sqiiiio Farmr fc Co., Keller it Sons, Jno. Hughes, Wellor Jinn., Both it Hupp, W. I. Wade, Al. Buckingham, Gilbert A Patierxon, nud J. M. Mnitin & Co. John G. Wright is tho goneral agont for wt'nloiii Oiegnn and Washington territory; and full doalers should ad dress him for Mipplic. Ho retails (hem at his pioneer grocery stoie, in Saloni. Wo want 100,000 p-nunls of wool, Win. Brown t Co., denlors in Boots nnd Shoes and Leather. Tho highest wico paid for hides, jxdls and furs, 231 Com morcinl street, Salem, Oregon. Wo Tell You Positively that Simmons Liver Regulator will rid you of dyspepsia, purify your system, euabloyou to sleep well, provent malarial dWouttu und givo you a brisk and vigorous feeling. It acts directly on tho liver nnd kidneys, demising, purifying, invigorat ing nud fortifying thu system against dieouvo. It will bruuk up chills and fever nud prevent their return, nnd is a complete antidote to all malarial poison yet entirely free from calomel or quinine.