WILLAMETTE fc'AKMEK : SALEM, ORlilGOJS'. APRIL 10. 1 86
rtiifSyinTZip:ciCii: -try
ATTENTION, CUBSCKIBEIIBI
With tills issue wo liavo corrected our
mailing lists, nnd if oneh ono will toko a
look at tho printed address tag on their
papor Uioy will soo just how thoy stand,
nnd if any ono finds lio has not received
proper credit lot him tuldrcsri uh nt once
and wo will correct tho error.
Please attend to this ut once. And,
ngnin, if anyone owoi us wo would ap
preciate it if thoy would pay up nt once,
as wo need inonoy very much.
HOME ULE Foil IRELAND.
On Thursday, April 8, Gladstonomado
tho greatest cllbrt of his lifo in tho Eng
lish Commons, in introducing his much
talkcd-of mcasuro for homo-rulo in Iro
land. Throughout his long speech, of
over threo hours, tho old Htatcsman
maintained himself well. Jlofreoly con
fessed that coercion had boon n failure,
and qitotcd in favor of homo-rulo in Ire
land tho cxnmplo of Austria and Hun
gary and Sweden and Norway, as woll
ns tho futilo attompts to govern tho col
onics by laws passed in England that
had proved failures. His proposition is
to establish for Ireland an uppor houso
of parlinmcnt to consist of tho twenty
eight Irish peers now in parliament and
of sovonty-llvo membors tn ho olected
ovory ton years, in all lO.'J members.
Tho lower houso to havo 20(1 members,
oleoted by tho pooplu, oneh elector to
havo a holding worth -'.!&, or $1LT;
members of parliament to have an m
mini Income of 100, or $1,000.
Thu Irish aro to havo no voice in tho
parlinmcnt of Great Britain, ns thoy will
rule Ireland at homo, and should not
make laws for England and .Scotland.
Ireland is to furnish one-tenth of tho na
tional income and of tho imperial ex
penses. Tho land iiiostion scorns to bo
loft for future consideration. His ml
drojs was received with unthusiasm,
more especially from tho I'amelites.
Tho occasion was ono of tho most mem
orable in all English history. Tens of
thousands thronged tho streets and wel
domed the Premier with such cheering
as London nover heard. Ho was over
come with tho magnitude of his greet
ings in tho streets and in tho Common.
Many monibcrs to ecciire their heats
took possession beforo daylight and ie
malued thoro all day. When ho con
cluded Mr. Trovolyan, who has recontly
resigned from the ministry, because ho
difl'cra from tho viows of Mr. Gladstone,
roso and explained his reasons for re
signing as ho did. Ho utterly disbelieved
in homc-rulo for Ireland and would pre
fer "complclo reparation of Ireland
from Groat Ilritain," as "wo should then
know tho worst at once." Ho asked:
"How long will it bo before Irish con
tributions to the Imperial Exchequer
will bo denounced and reprobated as
English tribute!"
l'ariicll followed by accepting tho pro
posed act as in tho main considerate and
satisfactory, but it contained blots that
his side would do their best to remove.
Ono was paying Irish tiibuto to tho im
perial treasury; tho upper house too,
was to contain a portion not amenable
to the popular vote, who would havo
Kwor to obstruct necessary legislation.
With all its defects ho holioved it would
bo accepted as satisfactory by tho Irish
people.
This bill proposes to pacify Ireland,
but as Mr. Trovelyan says, it will not bo
long More tho Irish will resent having
to cairy a portion of tho national debt
and to pay a fifteenth of the imperial
expenditures. Mr. 1'arnell sanctions
that view of tho matter by his objections.
It the object is to induce Ireland to be
come loyal and attached in sympathy
and MUitiment to English rule and dy
nasty, it is very unceitnin if its end
can be accomplished. The Irish ate
not disposed to ho brothers-iu-unity
with tho English people, though many
of them live in England and find em
ployment in her workshops and mine.-
and factories. ,
THE STATE TAX COMMISSION KEVORT
The eniimiixsiouers appointed by tho
Stato to reUo tho tax laws and prcp.ue
a bill for tho next Legislature to consider,
have made their leport and submit a
hill that covers tho whole question and
chows wUo consideration of the oultjcvt.
This commission consisted of Win.
Hcrretii of Salem, a farmer and waro
houhoumu; Henry Failing, of l'oi (laud,
hanker mid merchant; J. Xaslurg, of
Coos Hay j O.J.Smith, comptroller of
tho O. It. it X. Co., U. S. Struhn, of
Albany, a lawyer; S. Hughes, of Forc
Grove, a inoivluiiit . Win, Hall, of Grant
county, stock-man and miner. They all
ngrco on tho main features of tho bill re
ported. Mr. .Stralm dissents from somo
of its features. Ho objects to the taxation
of gross rccoipts of railroads as giving no
certain incoino to tho Stato on such
property. Ho also dissents from tho pro
posed deduction of debts from amount
of credits hold by tho tax payer in which
wo think tho majority will bo found
with him. Mr. Strahn docs not accept
tho views of tho others that lands mo
only assessed at one-third to ono-half
their actual value. IIo doubts if tho
discrepancy is so great as thus stated.
The bill reported provides that tho
county courts are to divido their re
spective counties into convenient dis
tricts at tho February term 1SSS, nnd
tho county assessors shall nominato and
with tho assent of tho county courts ap
point deputy assessors for tho several
districts, who shall ho residents thereof
and havo resided for two years previous
in that county. Tho county assessor
eh nil assess his own district and con
solidate tho county asscssmont in ono
book.
All property shall bo listed and assess
ed at tho hour of (5 A. i. on tho morning
of tho first day of April of each year.
I'roporly oxompt from tho taxation is
that belonging to tho United States and
to this Stnto j public nnd co-opcrnto pro
perty of counties, towns, otc. Tno per
sonal property of literary, charitablo and
educational institutions, nnd real estate
exclusively occupied for such uses only.
Houses for public worship and not to
exceed ono acre of ground ; burial
grounds nnd structuros (hereon ; public
librarias and piopcrty connected there
with ; proporty of Indians not citizens,
except land purchased by them; per
sonal property of those who by ago, in
finity or poverty are not aolo to pay
taxes.
Deduction for indebtedness can only
apply on credits held by tho person
nsscsscd that ho would pay taxes on. A
heavy line is imposed on nnyono
making false returns of indebtedness to
bo deducted. (This provision is mani
festly unjust and calculated to favor
thoso who do a credit business only. It
woiks unfairly, because a man who
borrows nnd owns real estate has as bona
lido a debt to pay as nnyono olse, and
the chances are that ho is more certainly
a debtor than others. It is unfair that
ono man should bo absolved from pay
ing taxes wliilo another is compelled to
pay under similar fact of being a debtor).
In -elation to mortgages a provision is
made that tho full cash vnluo of land
mortgaged shall bo ascertained and ap
portioned between tho owner nnd tho
mortgagee in proportion to their interests.
Full provision is made relating to
mortgnges and to all p.iymonts to bo
credited on account of same.
Assessors shall leave schedules, in
blank, with all taxpayers, nnd assist him,
if necessary, in making his le'tiirn.
When tho list is made it shall bo verified
and subscribed. Asscsors shall com
mence work on tho first dy of April
and completo same by tho IfiUi of May
ensuing.
Property shall bo assessed at its truo
and full valuo in money ; not what it
would sell for at forced salo, hut each
pieco or articlo sholl bo valued by itself,
at the sum tho assessor believes it to bo
fairly worth. Tho value of land shall
bo first found and then the valuo of im
provements shall be added. Value of
crops ascertained and statod.
If persons refuso to list their property
or Bwoar to their returns, assessor shall
note tho fact and ascertain amount of
projerty and valuo of it and assess saino
at double such valuation. Assessors must
completo their hooktt by the second
Monday in June nnd return to tho
county clerk. County assessors .shall
havo live dollars a day, and deputies four
dollars for time necessarily spout.
Railroad companies shall pay two per
cent, taxes on their gross earning?. On
or before tho first day of October of each
year.
If taxes aiv not paid within thirty
days after .-nine are due, a penalty of
ten Kr cent, shall Ihj added. (This is
unreasonable). Keal property of rail
roads shall h taxed same as in case of
individuals. '
Very full provisions are made for tho
assessing and taxing of banks, so that no
evasion, as heretofore chmged, is hardly
possiblo if this bill kvomes a law.
Every school clerk shall certify to tho
county clerk of his county tho number
of mills voted by tho voters of his dis
trict, county clerks sdiall prepare a list
of all legal tax payers in their counties
nnd discriptiou of property returned by
each one. Hoad districts shall he taxed
nnd collections made by tho county
treasurer, who is to bo tax collector un
der tho proved law T!o receipts
given shall cover Statu tax, county levy,
State school tax, road tax and school
district levy, which will greatly simplify
and impnovo tho system of collection.
A Stato board of equalization shall
consist of ono mombnr itomeuch judical
district. Tho several county judges nnd
commissioners shall constitute county
boards of equalization. Tho system laid
down provides n very competent schomo
for correcting errors and scouring cor
rect return in nil cases. This measure,
with porhnps a fow changes, should bo
como a law. So soon as tho legislative
meddler has n chance nt it ho will utrivo
to tear it to tatters. It is tho work of
competent men, praclicnl nnd vorscd in
tho various ways of business, who da
voted their individval attention to this
work from tho fourth of January to tho
twentieth of February, a longer timo
than on Oregon Lcj-islaturo sots. It
will not bo possiblo for any Legislature
to devoto tho same attention to this
subject and it is to bo hoped that tho
members olect wilf immediately tako up
this important question and study nil its
bearings as laid down in this bill. The
mcasuro is of tho greatest importance.
The Stato has outgrown tho crudities of
its onrly legislation nnd has becomo so
much moro important nnd rich in all
that makes powerful communities that
now nnd strong legislation must bo
furnished to suit tho necessities of tho
timo.
LATE KEEPINO FRUITS.
Homo discussion has passod through
tho Oregon press of Into ns to tho keep
ing of ln(o winter fruits. Owing to tho
low freights lntonpplcs wcro received via
Snn Francisco fiom tho Chicago market
niu! sold nt Portland. Lator n car load
wns oxpectod to nrrivo via tho Northern
Pacific. Tho point to nil this is the im
portant fact that Oregon npplcs are not
very Into kcopors. Tho samo vnrioties
will kcop longer East of tho Itocky
Mountains than this eido of the Cas
cade range Wo nro asked why this
should bo so nnd there seem to bo two
very plausible reasons for tho fact. Ono
is that our fnll nnd winter .seasons nro
so much moro tempornto and mild that
fruit feels tho ofi'oct and sooner decays
than East of tho Itocky Mountains
whoro the cold is steady ami fruit has to
ho kept in cellars or houses constructed
for tho purpose nnd mado 09pccinlly to
withstand tho sovcro winters. If good
houses were constructed horo to keep
tho best of Into winter fruit in a tern
poraturo that should bo cool and
equable, not responding to every chango
of tho atmosphere, apples would keop
much moro reliably than they now do.
Mr. Mark I.cy infouncB us that the
only lato keeping applo ho handles with
satisfaction is tho yellow Nowtown
pippin. Tho greenings do not pleaso
epicures of the Pacific and tho yellow
Nowtown pippin has to do extensive
duty. At tho East they havo tho Bon
Davis applo, that is very excollent and
n Into keeper. Wo havo novor heard of
this applo boing succetsuilly grown hero
and tho fruit growers should immediate
ly test it in every locality to dotcrmino
its reliability os a bcaringand lato keep
ing fruit, If it can thrivo hero an in
Now York State wo must propagate and
fruit it largely,
In old times wo used to mako somo
thing of tho wine-sap, but of lato years
it is said to havo rim out. Tho probabil
ity is that this variety has degoncratcd
becauso allowed to grow too thickly on
tho trees. Overbearing will damngo
tho tree nnd greatly injuto tho fruit. If
tho young fruit is carefully trimmed,
winosaps will grow largo and bo lus
cious to the taste and will le.ir good
crops every year. Any treo will bear
all it can reasonably ripen and give n
flavor and clmraotor to, without any off
years. Many othor varieties sutler from
over-bearing and tho oaro is simply to
thin tho unit so as to leave only what
it can actually ripen of good size and
flavor.
The pound pear is a fruit that is far
from being justly appreciated. Wo oc
casionally take a lunch in Portland and
relish greatly one of thoso siainiuoth
pears when well baked. They are as
tender as a baked Ihtrtlctt and ah good.
Indeed they aio a gonuino luxury, not
one in four that grow them tako good
care of them to keep them for winter
or rather for lato spring use. Oregon
should ship East n hundred car loads
of pound pears ovcry spring and they
should bring a good price. We must
learn to take caro of what wo have tind
make tho most of things wo possess and
grow things successfully. If orchard
ists will give their views expression in
our columns they will do something to
wauls furthering the best intcsesU iu
our regiou and State. Let us havo a
freo discussion by all moans of this fruit
question ud call out what each ono
knows of lato keeping varieties. It is
very importaut that this section should
improvo its opportunities and first wo
must know what our opportunities
arc.
!u jjfonj.
BEE NOTES FOR APRIL
11V K. V. CHASE.
Propagation of Bees.
What is tho host mothod of increasing
stock? Thoio nro two ways in which
this may be done, tho most common is
to lot nature alono and bees will divido
themselves, or swarm; nnd tho other by
dividing thorn artificially. Hoforo dis
cussing the relative merits of theso two
methods, it will bo well to consider how
tho littlo fellows work, when left to their
own sweet wills. As stated in n former
essay, "bees in ninny respects net vory
much ns human beings would under
similar circumstances ; but in tho caso
of finding n now homo for young ono3
thoy net exactly tho reverse, for whon
young folks want to begin housekeeping,
thoy strike out and find now quarters,
leaving tho o' 1 folks nt home, but in tho
caso of beos, it ' the old folks that mi
grate, leaving the young oncn at tho old
homestead. Thus 'ho swarm consists
of tho old queen and old bees, in fact
nearly nil that nro nblo to fly. They go
bocnuso tho old hivo hns liecomo filled
up with brood, bees and honey. Ileforo
leaving howover they mako amplo prep
arations, that tho young ones may
hao all thoy nocd to continue house
keeping, n bundanco of drones or nialo
bees, plenty of worker brood, with
numerous queon cells, somo of which
will produco a young queon within a
vory fow days. When the young queon
is bom tho first thing sho doos is to
stretch her long legs, look around and
hunt up somo open coll of honey utxm
which sho makes n square meal. Sho
then marches round and makes it her
business to destroy tho unborn queon in
ovory queen coll sho can find, however
the hoes will sometimos protect n num
ber of them and from thoso nro produced
later young queens that lead tho after
swarms, so that about eight days after
tho first swarm loft, another will ,como
forth, mid then perhaps another, all tho
timo tho hecs iu a tumult with a had
nttii"k of swarming fever, during which
they gather but littlo honey and tho
owner sudors mi ions loss, thcieaftcr
swarms not loing nblo to gather enough
honoy to keop them through tho winter.
Tho young queen leaves tho hivo to
meet tho drone the first timo whon sho
is about fivo days old and continues to
go out daily until sho becomes fortilo
and docs not settle down to business and
lay eggs till sho is about ton days old.
Young nro produced twenty-ono or two
days after. Tho hivo has boon without
n renewed supply of workor for at least
thirty-one days, nil tho timo losing iu
working force.
Now this fuss nnd loss nil takes
plnco during the best honoy How, and
caroful observations have mado it ap
parent that if swarming can be pre
vented nnd nil hnnds kept busily nt work
tho result in honoy product is' moro
than doubled. To accomplish this re
sult tho intelligent beo man resorts to
artificial division.
Thoro nro various ways in which this
is managed by different oporators. Spnco
forbids tho enumerations of thorn all,
though many jkwscss points of excel
lence. I havo tried various ways, hut
tho ono described hero has given mo
tho best results. Tho timo to divido is
as early in tho spring as young fortilo
queons can bo obtained, thon tako from
ono or moro populous colonies threo or
moro framos containing brood just
hatching, loplacing them in tho old
hivo by frames of foundation, well wired.
Place tho frames of hatching brood in n
small hive, having first put tho young
queon upon ono of them ; cover with n
cloth and set tho small hivo in n warm
place. This is called n nucleus hivo ;
in about two weeks tako out tho combs,
bees and all, plnco them in a larger hive,
givo them moro frames containing sealed
brood, not forgetting also to givo them
plenty of honoy. as tho young bees re
quire much feed and do not forage till
two weeks old. In threo or four weeks
we will have n splendid swarm of young,
vigorous bees. Wt havo also accom
plished another thing, we havo depleted
tho old hive, and given tho queen so
much room to dopo-it tho eggs that
they do not get tho swarming fever, but
work right along gathering honoy.
With all tho earn that can bo used
the method of introducing queens into
hivw containing old bees is vory waste
ful of queens, as tho old fellows aro apt
to worry and Ull them, whilo young
bees will always treat them kindly. It
is a groat aggravation as well ns serious
loss of timo and money to take tho trou
ble of procuring n fino Italian queen nnd
somo bright morning find her carried
out dead.
This method is not au absolute pre
ventive of swarming, for when woiking
for box honoy they will ofton swarm in
spito of us. If tho nursery lamp is used
almost any number of young queens
may bo raised and tho number of now
j colonics rapidly increased, and that too,
with a very good crop of honey. Last
season by theso means I increased my
stock from ton to fifty good strong col
onies nil of which wintered well, nnd
nlso yielded n largo surplus of honoy.
Almost every denier in bee supplies
can furnish nt modorntc cost theso smnll
colonies with n tested Itnhan queen,
nnd in tho long run this will provo by
far tho cheapest and best wnysto Italian
ire, nnd nt tho samo timo in a good sea
son, givo nny amount of increase that
may bo desired. Tito excess of honey
obtained by this method will more than
pay for tho exponso incurred.
Tolcxraphlo Ucwb
Morrison's now tarifT bill is short and
not what many expected. It proposes
to place on tho freo list lumber, nnd
many wooden manufactures such as
hubs, spokes, etc., nlso hemp, llnx, fish
nnd wool. Tho duty on woolen goods
will ho reduced, nlso sugar. It is de
signed to pleaso tho South and we hopo
it may. It is thought ho cannot carry
tho houso for wool on tho freo list.
In Southern California two men, Ector
Hcminio and his son, who had just
killed a man iu n land quarrel, wore
taken from jail and hung by noighbors.
At Urooklyn N. Y. 1880 railroad hands
settled differences and returned to their
work.
W. E. Mitchell, of Uatcsburg S. C.
found n rough stono that hcciiio to be n
diamond worth $100,000.
Another building (put up by Uuddcn
sick who built many such shams in New
York) recontly foil, fatally injuring some
iumatcs. Huddonsick is serving n son
tenco as a penalty for such work and hat
a lifo penalty.
Gladatono is In a very tight placo and
will hardly carry tho Commons. The
pooplo hold meeting!) and condemn his
policy for Irish homo rule and hind
laws."
Cnleb W. West in appointed Govern
or of Utah Territory.
Jny Gould says thoy nro surprised at
tho weakness of tho Knights of 1 d ir,
for thoy provo not to havo near tlio
strength nnd influence railroad men an
ticipated. Trains nro now run on tho Gould roads
by guards of military and tho riots, find
ing they luto now to fight tho wholo
nation will l.avo to subside.
On the arrival at Mazatlan, Mexico, oi
a steamer supposed to bring COO Chinese,
u tnrriblo riot brolco out, only qunlled
by tho military.
Gou. Crook refuses to surrender tho
Apnchos to tho U. S. civil authorities,
and no doubt Arizona justice would visit
swift vengonco on them if ho could do so.
It is reported that ono-third of all the
lady physicians m England havo broken
down in tho health of tho brain and had
to bo 8ont to tho asylum. This is prob
ably n falso statcmont given out to
frighten women from tho study of mod
iciuo. At least such is not tno caso in
this country.
l'ort & Son havo a largo country trado
becauso thoy keep tho best drugs at
lowest prices.
SOMETHING NEW!
ON RECEIPT OF 81.00 WE WILL SEND TO ANY
JJreM any one ol the following collec
tion! ot )UnH or (or Si. 00 we will tend Uo ni e collec
tion! ana one fine Itcx Begonia. For 13 00 we will
end threo collection and one new Omnium Kretlc ol
Nature:
I'OLLEtTIOX .NO. 1. Two Flowering Be.-onlai,
3 Uoltui, 1 MU, I Fucbila, 1 Oereiilum, 1 new Mar
igold. tOLLFtllO.V .NO 3 One Rex IlefconU 3 ar
letiei Uoltui 1 l'rloiuU, 1 ril Dally, 1 Artllter)
Plant.
COLLIXTION NO. 3. One Lady Wathlngton Ger
anium, 1 Uom Geranium, SAlutllon,l Smllax, 4 w
letlv Coleut.
COLLIXTin.V .XO, i, One Ilagftnla (SleUUra). 1
Acheranthui, 1 Silver Leaf Geranium, 4 rariellti
Coleua, 4 lied Quilled Daatei.
COLLE4TIUX XO. 5. One lironie Geranium, 1
Sxeetbcented Geranluoi, 4 tarletltaCoItui, 1 Hang.
Ink' llaiket Plant, 1 Validated Lett Fucahla.
Encloao 0 cent to cover poataee on each collection,
or will tend larstr plant b) eiprtit jour own ex
rteiuo. If nny one bur Hie entire collection
there will bit no duplicate. Addreae,
JIUS V. h. KOCKCMt'lELIt, l'lorlal.
lcapr lin. Saltui, Or , 1'. O. Uov SOS.
Holstein Fresian Bull.
XTR WISH TO 8KLL OUU FIXE HOLSTEIN
V V t'retlm Hull, "Ctrl Scliuri." (14 cari old), at
we luo another tborouslibrcd lull cfllio tame Lrecd.
Addnw, R. C andCAU OtKlt.
IGjprlm. Mheiton, Or.
ggs for Hatching-
langshangs,
IMymouth Rocks, anil .Single
i'oiuli Etrown Leghorn,
VtJrcu: !. II. lTTMiN, IWrlttor
nroteiitvire roultry anlt.
llrowniMl e, Ori.'cn.
ItuitiCm
Lade! & Bush, Bankers
Salem.
S Oregon.
ESTABLISHED IN 1869.
Transact
a 42uueral Banking
Hnslness.
SIGHT F.XCIUNOE AND TELEGIunilC trans
fer t-ild 01 New York, Chicago, San Fnnciaw,
rortluid.Th Dalle, Eun Cite, Attoria, Albam.
Conalilt aaj other (ulot In Oregon,
TO.Lellcr or Credit Itaued Amllat.V In
the lailcrn aUtea.
Drav direct no Locdon, Cerlm. JpJ Hon; Ken;.
octJXoiOw