WILLAMETTE KAKMKlt: SA.LEM, O&bWUN. APRIL 2. ivG
W
jmi1 every Week liy tlio
W'JeM-OI! 1(1 1 IttUt.lIl'IIU.ISIIIMJ l.
TKltilis OK HUkiJUllirTIOlt.
One year. (Poatajro ald). In ad vanco. t 2.00
flrmonthii. (1'ottaso pIU), In advancu 1.28
Lcn than lx months will b, per month ,.,,, 1U
ADVEKS1SINO KATES I
Advertisements' will bo Inserted, providing tn are
tinecUble. at the follow Inif tablo ol rate :
One Inch o:pacetr month V 2X0
tfhrte Inchon of ipaco per month 00
f ne-half column per month 1G.00
on column per raonin..... uu.uu
MJBampla coplei aont free on application.
THIS PAPERS
Newapniirr AilvcrtUlnff Jliirenu (lOHl'UUCn
vnitirVitwn ( ontiiacts NF W V IDnIBC
inuy bu miulo for It lu BICuOB B WUBHle
THE MAM AND THE CHOP.
Wo nro Htruclc with u roniiiik it ct
tompornry quotes as the Baying of n
plain iirncticul innti and farmer, who
cxclrdms : "This mnkin' monow n farmin'
or n fruit-growin', depends moro on tho
mnn tlmn on tho crop or tho land." Wd
notico this in nil funning operations for
mnny n man cannot bo mndo to ronlizo
that only good funning pays. Wo liavo
in mind it mnn who rented n good piece
of hill land and put in a spring crop
with nhout four inches deep plowing.
Ho has good ntrnw, nml not much oats.
If ho hud harrowed it and then plowed
it twico that depth, tho outs would have
been thoro nx woll im tho straw.
It is vory easy to imngino Hint whnt
wo hoo otliors possess that is very ex
cellent, wns easily acquired, hut tho
finest diamond tho world possessed was
only a dirty and ill-Hlinpcn Htono whun
found. It has been prepared by science
and skill, and at great expoiifo, to eliino
on koiuo royal crown. So it can ho said,
with strict truth : "Theru is no ex-
collcnco without labor, and it must ho
intelligent labor to givo trees excellence
to farming products
Kpeakiugof "fnrmin' or fruit-growin' "
tlio casual loouer-on wuo visits somo
great orchard gathers an idea of its
beauty mid oxcollenco ami thinks thcro
must bo a profit in it, hut as tho Hugo
old farmer nays, who is ipioted at the
beginning: it "depends moro on tho
'man thiiu on tho crop or tho hind." Wo
speak from knowledge and observation
its to fruit-growing, for wo know of laud
Mint was overgrown to forest, that now
stands in bonriug orchard. Does tho
lookcr-ou realize how much has been
done (o chango tho wild forest to the
bearing tmst First, tho ground had
to bo cleared and cultivated to huIxIiio
it for that purpoxo; then ho had to select
and plant tho trees, and this requires no
oasy work or carelosH handling. To
plant tho tree well is tho foundation of
tho orchard. Then the growth of tho
young trees is watched, tho giouud is
cultivated and tho trees pruned year
of paper over tho fnco of tho fruit, and
handsome fruit laid unifornicrly on this
wax pnper, thon tho box when opened
is very attractive. Tnko tho cover off
nnd turn back tho whito pnpor and
carefully tnko off it part of the waxed
paper and you eco fruit that is nt beauti
ful ns n picture nnd the lurgcr it is tlio
better it appears.
Seeing tho remark wo quote fur n text
led us to go over a review of ono branch
of production to provo tho truth of that
saying. It is no childs' ploy to boa pro
ducer. Tho man who farms woll, can
succeed where othors will fail. Wo are
coining now to a pi'riod havo reached it
already whero carolcss work won't
count. Our soil has lout its pristine
vigor and requires good work to spcttro
good crops. Tho railroads have brought
tho world to our doors and wo must
equal other States or fall behind.
Wo chooso tho lino of fruit-growing
to provo the fact that tlio man is
stiporior to circumstances, becnuso wo
know moro of its operations than of
most othors and it proves so conclusively
whnt tho mnn nnd his will-powor hnvo
to do with success. The world will not
buy whnt is inferior in looks. Ap
pearances regulate mnrkets. Tho fnrmor
who oxcrciscs good tasto finds his re
ward. In early days wo lived along in
iv pioneer way and tho outsido world did
not intorfcro, but now wo must equal
any or not succeed.
to tho railroad strike, howovor, is duo
to tho,fnct Mint It is a struggle for con
trol. If the Missouri Pacific and Texas
Pacific cannot opcrnto themselves with
out tho assistanco of tho striking men,
thcri it means the complete subjugation
of western railroad inntinuoincnt to
trade-unions. This would notjioeossnrily
scttlo tho matter at tho Kast. In fact it
wns sctllod tho other way at the Kast in
1877, whon tho military woro culled out
to suppress rioting in tlio middlo States.
INSECTS AND THEIR EKEMIE3.
Tlio Relations of tho runner Thereto How
they OiUinato and now to Depose Them.
HV V. 3. MATTESOX.
after year, and before tho tree bears
fruit to make any income tho oxpeuse
of caring for it anil tho interest on tho
outlay and cost of tho laud has moro
than doubled tho first cost. Hut tho
sixth year tho orchard begins to pay. It
has hud constant euro and has been
pruned mid trained year after year, so
that every tree has proper shnpo nnd
size, nil of which demands not merely
euro nnd labor, hut skill and knowledgo.
When tho fruit ripens tho character of
tho mnn is again upporout; some will
ermit tho tieo to lw overloaded and eeo
its limbs break under a load of small
and inferior fruit, but tho truo orchur-
dist him by pruning put his trco in shape
to hold fruit to mlvnntngo. Ho has also
thinned the growing fruit to givo size to
what it boars, for ho knows that small
fruit means small price. It is no easy
task to thin tho growing fruit on a largo
orchard, to tho right proportion. Our
fruit buyers ship to mining regions east
ward of us and will not hnvo small fruit
at all. They also ship to Situ Francisco,
and our fruit mind bu fine to command
a Jalo there.
No extensive fruit-grower can depend
on tho market for green fruit. Ho must
hnvo soino way to utiluo it in case thoro
is no sale possible at a remunerative
price, llo cannot set up it cannery, Ihv
eauo Mint Is veryeponsivo, and no ono
man raises enough fruit to keep even n
kinnll cannery in stock. Ho can havo it
good drier, ami for como varieties of
fruit tho drier answers tho lct purpose.
Hero again the man comes in question.
Wo know of several fruit growers whose
product is so popular Mmt it sells rondily
nt a high price, whenus others put up
as good fruit, tho sumo varieties, in fact,
and it sell for much less. Tho package
must ho nice ; it must lw packed in an
attractive way and first of all tho fruit
must bo dried carofully, ami hnvo largo
izo to command a price in St. Paul or
Chicago. If so dried ; then packed by
heavy procure in imico box, with whito
printing iMporliutng and a waxed sheet
THE LABOR QUESTION.
1'or tho first timo in tho worlds' history
labor is uniting and organizing upon a
groat scale of members to claim for
itself all that can bo exacted for its
Hervices. Tho trndo unions hnvo been
growing in power and nro uowsupplon
otited by tho great order of Knights of
Labor, which can ho of tho grcatost use
fulness if its demands tiro limited to tho
actual right and not to seek to forco tho
world to pay unreasonable wnges. Tho
law of supply and demnnd comns in to
regulato all tho business of life. Tho
Inlwr supply oxecrds tho demnnd and
that is ono causo why so many are un
employed. Improved machinery, that
saves labor, has como into use and
revolutionized human affairs. Tho solu
tion of the labor question lies partially
ju reducing a days work to eight hours
instead of ten. That is equal to increas
ing tho demand twenty per cont. The
question comes : Can those who employ
labor afi'ord to pay night hours what they
hnvo paid for ten Speaking of tho
Knights reminds us Mint in tho old
States, and no doubj. hero also, political
tramps aro joining tho order, or endors
ing its principles, with avidity, hoping
that they can rcneh power by means of
lnbor votos.
The contest between labor and capital
is tho most important interesting event
since civilizod man bus existed. It must
bo fought out in every nation to bo n
victory for labor, bocauso any added ex
pense, that manufactured goods cannot
bear, will simply shut down tho works.
Tho laborer cannot demand moro than
tho manufacture can nfl'ord to pay,
When tho cost of manufactured articles
is excessive, foroigu mndo goods will bo
sold bore and our homo industries will
suspend. If labor can oxcrt tho tamo
influonco in foroigu countrios nnd give
equal cost to iron and woolen and cotton
goods in nil lands, then wages may in
crease and tho eight hours amount to
something. If Knights of Labor can bo
organised throughout tho world, great
results will follow. In timo labor may
so organize tho world over.
Mere theory is so often Ineffectual that
no observing and experienced person
need bo told that tho stream cannot rise
higher thnu its fountain. Labor, liko
llowiug water, hits but its possibilities.
With us, tho ballot can accomplish
about all that is possiblo nnd with unity
nnd organizo co-operation labor will
receive nil Mint is its just due. There is
u wild feort of calculation prevalent that
is the merest folly, becaiuo contrary to
reason. Thoro nro regular principles in
nature and in society that aro immutable
nnd any offort to accomplish results not
in accordance therewith must inovotably
fail. That labor should havo all it needs,
anil can fairly claim, is esential to our
character ns a free nation ; if it claims
too much, then it reaction takes place
and labor loses ground.
Soiun interesting facts nro found in an
exchange which says :
Hradstrcct'fl gives a deal of excellent
and laborious service to summarizing
and winnowing to tho current industrial
phenomena. Last week it tabulated tho
strikes nnd finds that they suspend
abdut 30,000 men from labor, namely,
21,000 in the bituminous coal regions,
uyAW lu .New I'.nglaiHl toxtilo and boot
A FRIENDLY V0RD.
In these hard times wo cannot afford
to low n nnnio off our list nnd do not
wish to annoy subscribers by demands
for pay, but tho plain truth is that back
dues on our list now amount to thous
ands of dollars and wo cannot do without
it.
An easy way to pay duos nnd ono too,
that will greatly benefit us and cost you
nothing, is to get four now namss at
51.50 each and gat your own frco as a
promiutn,und wo nim to mnko advertisers
pny ns much ns wo can townrds expenses
nnd so redttco tho prico of subscription.
You can do us n favor whilo you enrn
your paper froe. So, if you will try to
get four now nnmes a club of four
write nnd toll us nnd you can pond
nnmes ns you got them. Wo will kcop
tho account.
Xo mnn, woman, boy or girl oven, but
can got four now nnmes nt $1.1)0 each,
right in their own neighborhood. You
will be surprised to soo how easy it can
bo dono.
Try it and you will obligo tho Wil
lamette Faumkii.
A. numbor who havo gotten up clubs
sny thoy woro surprised to find it so easy
to get subscribers nt club rntos.
W.Vat Seod from Flno and Foor Heads.
During tho year 1882 '83 nnd '8i,somo
very interesting experiments woro mndo
at tho Ohio Experiment Station by plant
ing Reed from tho finest nnd pooroit
heads of wheat of ton different varieties.
Tho first selections woro mndo from or
dinnry grown whont, and subsequently
selections from crops grown from suc
cessive solections. Tho nvcrngo number
of kernels in heads grown front seed of
best head" wns (" !!; in thoe from seed
of poorest bends tho nborngo wns 18 -15.
Tho countings do not rcpicsont singlo
hoads.but an average of tho host nnd
poorest bends from tho rcspectivo plots.
With tho best heads thero wns nn in
crenso in nvcrngo numbor of kernels in
nil but two instiincos, and in most cases
this increnso is quito inarkod. Tho poor
est bends show neither increoso nor do-
creaso of productiveness. Tho largor
bends counted evenly, seldom varying
moro than flvo kernels, but tho smaller
heads, though appearing to bo oven,
varied from five to twenty kernels. In
growth and general appenrnnco, tho poor
selections wcro n littfo inforior to best
selections, usually being shortor and
producing fewer large heads, but in most
casos being somo very good bonds.
Taken ns n whole, tho superiority of tho
better selection wns plain nnd could not
bo mistaken. Of course tho crops from
Rood and noor licndB recoived tho snnie
treatment! and yet tho poorest of tho
seed from good bends wns moro Minn
two nnd a half times ns great ns that
from socd tnkon from ioor heads. Sco
whnt has boon dono by scloctiou with
cotton ; why cannot tho snmo bo dono
with wheat, oats, corn nnd other grains?
and shoo iudustnos, 0,000 in the south
western railroad difficulties, nnd tho
rest in tho nail manufacture und vari
ous other trades. This is an insignificant
proportion of nil tho wago laborers of
tho country. Tho importance attached
Orais.
Thcro is no doubt, says tho Maryland
Fnrmor, but that of all food for tlio dairy,
grass is cheapest nud best, taking tho
cost of production into account, but this
does not provo but that even in tho
times of "Hush" foed, n ration of grnin,
espeoinlly to tho butter making dairy
men, is not decidedly pro fitable. Thoro
is no question but Mint growing grass
supplies tho finest of finvors to butter,
and gives it good color, but nt tho snmo
timo there is nn olemont lacking that
contributed towards making quality in
buttsr which is supported by meal.
Grain as a part rntiou, lias great valtio
in both promoting nnd maintaining tho
milk How, nnd giving not only iirmnoss
to tho butter, but nlso extra weight. It
is not wise to tnko tho grnss fed cow nnd
begin at once to feed her n dairy ration
.of six or eight quarts of bonny grain
food, but in thirty days tho feeding of
grain could bo safely increased to a
point Mint tho owner night mark as tho
limit of profitable grain feeding. Kcare-
ly ttoos it tall to no proutabio to I ecu n
grain rntiou to tho buttt-rcow, and oven
when butter is low, for eight pounds of
butter per week on grass alone, or twelve
poumls witli grnm, soon tens just now
much grnin can ho profitably foil to cows
on grass.
Heppnor duetto li Mot a Claml
NVitheris it n mountain oyster; but
it is a wordly pnper scribbled up in plain
U, S. language ami printed oa a sweat
power prc&j in a part of Kastern Oregon
whero cords ami cords of vacant govern
ment nnd railroad land still lies out
doors. It never stole hog, but it
is somtimos borrowed by the neighbors.
Sample copy with description of tlio
Heppnor uillseountry,luconts in stamps.
Xo discount to bummers. It never sucks
oggs. Address, J. W. Islington, Hepp
nor, Oregon.
When tho grasshopper comes what
ever measures aro tnkon ngnmst linn,
must bo prompt, and vigorous, and por-
sovciing to ho effectual. Much may be
dono to prevent tho spring crop of hop
pers from injuring tlio crops in the
neighborhood of their birthplaces ; but
ns tho migratory species breed In sandy,
rocky, nnd dosolnto plnccs, their main
migratory swarms would appear to bo
practically unmnnngcablo. Mr. Glover,
from whoso report I quoted in my pre
ceding article, gives vnrious methods of
destroying tho hopper. Plowing in- tho
fnll, or winter, or curly spring, ground
whero their eggs nro deposited, is highly
recommended. When tho young hoppers
nroyct jvinglcs'', burning; ns in stubble
land, firing in it circle so ha to drive tho
young hoppers to tho contor, will distroy
them in multit.idos. llolling tho land,
in tho cool of the morning, whilo tho
insects nro yet partially dormant, is of
utility. Very ninny mny bo taken, (ovon
the fiying ones,) with a sheet attached
to a light polo on two of its sides, and
having pieces framed in nt each of its
other sides, nnd nttnehod so ns to form
a bingo with a stop so as to open nt nn
nnglo of forty-fivo degrees ; nndthis inn-
chine is drawn rapidly along the ground
and whon desired the sheet may bo
folded up, and tho imprisoned hoppers
shaken out into it bag, or othor rocep
tnclo, and killed with boiling water.
Horso power nnd whcols can bo usod
with this machine, nnd it bo rendered
very effective. Driving tho wingless
hoppers into ditches, and then burning
them with Htraw, is nlso rcconicndcd.
An effectual hand implement for catch
ing hoppers is it largo and strong scoop-
net, such as is mod by entomologists to
catch insects. It should havo a hole in
tho bottom for emptying it, winch may
bo tied with a string. This liltlo im
ploment is useful, not only to catch
grasshoppers, but very ninny othor in
sects, and may bo modified to suit tho
occasion. I hiivo used ono to'advantago
on tho turnip Ilea.
Grasshoppers hnvo fow enemies excipt
bhils. Hogs, turkeys, ducks nnd fowls
devour thorn greedily, nnd nro very use
ful in destroying them; but ono can
scarcely afibrd to keep n band of thoso
oirhand, in anticipation of a visitation
of hoppers, which can bo brought to
bear immedintoly without much timo
spout in preparation. Very many birds
eat them, nnd this is about all Mint can
lo said in fnvor of tho sparrow-hawks
nnd crows. Mr. Glover suggests tho
idea of utilizing grasshoppers in somo
manner, ''cither as a substituto for guano
or manure, or of drying them ns food
for fowls, hogs, otoj" nnd why not.
Why not as food for pcoplo? Tho Chinose
nro said to so usn them, nud it is so re
lated how nn ex governor of Oregon oneo
dined with somo Chinese dignitary in
Portland, and was servod with some kind
of dish unknown to him ; but which
tickled his palato so pleasantly that ho
naked to bo helped tho second timo, nt
tho snmo time inquiring of his celestial
host whnt it wns. Tho yellow henthon
peered shrewdly nt tho governor out of
tho corners of his bins eyes, nnd boforo
puttiug tho coveted food upon tho pinto
ho asked; "you llkeo him, gubclneli"
"yes," rosponded tho governor, "I liko it,
whnt is it!" And ns tho joss-worshiper
placed tho food upon tho plate, ho softly
replied. "Him glnsshopplo. you snbo
glnsshopplo gubelneli" And tho gov
ernor wns obliged to choko down his
rising gorge, and cat grasshoppers di
plomatically.
I ouco saw a man who, when lost from
his company "on tho plains," had sub
sisted for twelve days on "mormon"
crickets straight, nnd liked them after
wards, Therefi.ro it appears that wo have il
lustrations precedent for, tho utilization
of tho grasshopper ns an nrticlo of food,
in John tho Baptist ; nu Oregon gover
nor; John Chinaman; and "Lo," tho
poor Indian, and. after having
adopted tobacco from tho Indians,
it certainly does not become us
now, to stick at grasshoppors. Yet,
it wo must draw tlio lino somewhere in
regard to adopting tho nasty abomina
tions of uu uncivilized race, and con
cludo to draw it at grasshoppers; thou,
if some chemist could only hit upon n
process for oxtrncting nn intoxicating
drink from them, the Into of tho grass
hopper would bo sealed.
Exactly tho opposite of the grnsshop
pcr, is tho dragon-fly. (Devils-darning-needle;
mosquito-hawk.) His wholo
lito is spent in usefulness to mankind.
He has not oven a single vico lo com
mand tho admiration of thai rl.iss of
spurious philanthropists whoso sympa
thies nnd energies are expended in futilo
efibrts to reclaim criminals nnd reform
drunkards, whilo tho sober nnd virtuous
nro cither ignored or thrust rudoly nsido.
His whole food is insects ; nud Mint too,
so far us I nm informed, of tho noxious
kinds. IIo is strong nnd swift of wing,
nnd captures' intccts easily, nnd is ns
greedy of prey ns tho nvcrngo Oregon
trnder is of profits. Tho eggs nro laid in
wntor, usunlly that of shallow ponds nnd
ditches, Tlio young dragons nro wing
less nt first and spend tho first stago of
thoir lives in the wnter, living upon othor
aquatic inscefs. At tho proper timo they
crawl iii) somo stem of grass, or other
plant, shed thoir skins, their wings un
fold, and thoy fly nwnyin tho enjoyment
of n now cxistance, nnd prey upon tho
insects of fho air. Thero nro ninny var
ieties; from three-fourths of nu inch,
to three inches in length, and of ninny
colors nud shndes. Alert nnd vigorous
nnd over on the wing, tho dragon-fly
pursues his avoca'tion in the interest of
mankind. Mny his tribo incronse.
To t continued
FANCY CHICKEN EQQ3 CHEAP.
To anyone- who will sontl us $1, wo
will send tho Willamette Fakmer ono
year, and it sotting of 13 eggs of either
of tho following breeds: Wyandottos
nnd I?.08o Comb Leghorns.
To nnyono who will send us $ 3.C0 wo
will send tho Willamette Farmer and
n sotting of 13 eggs of olthcr of tho fol
lowing breeds: Brown Leghorns, Ply
mouth Rocks and IVkin Ducks.
Tho regular prices of thoso eggs nro
Jflnnd .?2.&0 respectively. This offer is
open to all. whethor they bo subscribers
or not.
Ten Pckin Duck eggs aro a setting.
As wo only hnvo u limited number of
settings wo suggest that thoso desiring
such eggs to net nt once. The first
come, tho first served.
Uiggcst stock at lowest price ut Port
& Son s dniL' store.
Clnckumns Co., prohibitionist hnvo
clcctd ns delignles to it Statu com i ut m
.MI. b'anibut, A. It. Shiploy, A. J.Uill
ing, Mrs. Shipley. J. It. Kinney, nnd
.1. Frnnklin. Stutt .Senator A. It. Shin
ley, for representatives: Josiah Frnnk
lin, It. W. Toner, nud K. N. Foster.
C'outraet f.ir bridges and trestles of
fourteen miles of P. and W. V. It. road
between Tualatin river and Dundee, is
awarded to Paquet .tnd Smith, of Kast
Portland.
Somo flshermon recently caught 53
cat fish in Silver Lnke, near Castle
Rock. So then, whoro did theso cat fish
como from? Tho largest weighed 17;j
pounds.
THE GREAT
eSZl tt LIVER
S V M PTil M ft Ur cr lid uite In mouth j
OimriUmOi torCue coated white or
covered with brown fur; pain In the back, tides,
or Jolnti often mistaken for Rheumatisms our
(tiiniBcIil lose of appetite sometimes musei
and wateibnsh, or Indigestion ; flatulency and
add eruttitlonsj bowels alternately costive and
In I headache lost of memory, with a painful
sensation of hiving failed to do something which
ouiht to have been done) deblUtjri low spirits;
a thick, yellow appearance of the skin and ejes;
a dry cough ! fever : restlessness j the urine Is scanty
and high-colored, and, If allowed lo stand, deposits
a sediment,
SIMMONS LIVER REGULATOR
(PURELY VCaCTADLC)
Is generally used In the South to arouse the
I orpld Liver 10 a healthy action.
I I sscta with extraordinary efficacy on tint
IVEII,
KIDNEYS,
and BOWELS.
uricum trtctno ron
Malaria, Dyspepsia,
Constipation, IIIUonaneM,
Hick Headache, Jaundice,
Nuutca, Colic,
Mental Depression, Dowel Complaints,
Etc, Etc., Etc.
Endorsed by the use of 7 Mlllloiii of Bottles, as
THE IEST FAMILY MEDICINE
For Children, for Adulti, and tor the Aged.
EtfE TO TAKE IN ANT COKOITION OF THE SYSTEM I
J.H.ZEILIN & CO..
son raoriT05, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
1'ItICE. sjl.OO.
HORSEJBILLS.
Wo. arc iirepared to print
AH Stjles of Horse Bills at tho
Lowest Trices. Call and sco
our 1'rlces and Samples.
Wo have the National Reg
ister of Xornian Horses and
will write out Pedigrees.
ADDRESS, or cl upon
WILLAMETTE I'ArUIER PUB. 00.,
balem, Oregon,
CHEMEKETE HOTEL I
IM1KOIS BROS., Proprietors.
SALEM, . - OREGON.
GKE,,,.4L 8.P?K '. F'm cosch to
4 from mi nous. . Hatuisle Ua.issi
A