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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (April 2, 1886)
WILLAMETTE KAKMKlt: SA.LEM, O&bWUN. APRIL 2. ivG W jmi1 every Week liy tlio W'JeM-OI! 1(1 1 IttUt.lIl'IIU.ISIIIMJ l. TKltilis OK HUkiJUllirTIOlt. One year. (Poatajro ald). In ad vanco. t 2.00 flrmonthii. (1'ottaso pIU), In advancu 1.28 Lcn than lx months will b, per month ,.,,, 1U ADVEKS1SINO KATES I Advertisements' will bo Inserted, providing tn are tinecUble. at the follow Inif tablo ol rate : One Inch o:pacetr month V 2X0 tfhrte Inchon of ipaco per month 00 f ne-half column per month 1G.00 on column per raonin..... uu.uu MJBampla coplei aont free on application. THIS PAPERS Newapniirr AilvcrtUlnff Jliirenu (lOHl'UUCn vnitirVitwn ( ontiiacts NF W V IDnIBC inuy bu miulo for It lu BICuOB B WUBHle THE MAM AND THE CHOP. Wo nro Htruclc with u roniiiik it ct tompornry quotes as the Baying of n plain iirncticul innti and farmer, who cxclrdms : "This mnkin' monow n farmin' or n fruit-growin', depends moro on tho mnn tlmn on tho crop or tho land." Wd notico this in nil funning operations for mnny n man cannot bo mndo to ronlizo that only good funning pays. Wo liavo in mind it mnn who rented n good piece of hill land and put in a spring crop with nhout four inches deep plowing. Ho has good ntrnw, nml not much oats. If ho hud harrowed it and then plowed it twico that depth, tho outs would have been thoro nx woll im tho straw. It is vory easy to imngino Hint whnt wo hoo otliors possess that is very ex cellent, wns easily acquired, hut tho finest diamond tho world possessed was only a dirty and ill-Hlinpcn Htono whun found. It has been prepared by science and skill, and at great expoiifo, to eliino on koiuo royal crown. So it can ho said, with strict truth : "Theru is no ex- collcnco without labor, and it must ho intelligent labor to givo trees excellence to farming products Kpeakiugof "fnrmin' or fruit-growin' " tlio casual loouer-on wuo visits somo great orchard gathers an idea of its beauty mid oxcollenco ami thinks thcro must bo a profit in it, hut as tho Hugo old farmer nays, who is ipioted at the beginning: it "depends moro on tho 'man thiiu on tho crop or tho hind." Wo speak from knowledge and observation its to fruit-growing, for wo know of laud Mint was overgrown to forest, that now stands in bonriug orchard. Does tho lookcr-ou realize how much has been done (o chango tho wild forest to the bearing tmst First, tho ground had to bo cleared and cultivated to huIxIiio it for that purpoxo; then ho had to select and plant tho trees, and this requires no oasy work or carelosH handling. To plant tho tree well is tho foundation of tho orchard. Then the growth of tho young trees is watched, tho giouud is cultivated and tho trees pruned year of paper over tho fnco of tho fruit, and handsome fruit laid unifornicrly on this wax pnper, thon tho box when opened is very attractive. Tnko tho cover off nnd turn back tho whito pnpor and carefully tnko off it part of the waxed paper and you eco fruit that is nt beauti ful ns n picture nnd the lurgcr it is tlio better it appears. Seeing tho remark wo quote fur n text led us to go over a review of ono branch of production to provo tho truth of that saying. It is no childs' ploy to boa pro ducer. Tho man who farms woll, can succeed where othors will fail. Wo are coining now to a pi'riod havo reached it already whero carolcss work won't count. Our soil has lout its pristine vigor and requires good work to spcttro good crops. Tho railroads have brought tho world to our doors and wo must equal other States or fall behind. Wo chooso tho lino of fruit-growing to provo the fact that tlio man is stiporior to circumstances, becnuso wo know moro of its operations than of most othors and it proves so conclusively whnt tho mnn nnd his will-powor hnvo to do with success. The world will not buy whnt is inferior in looks. Ap pearances regulate mnrkets. Tho fnrmor who oxcrciscs good tasto finds his re ward. In early days wo lived along in iv pioneer way and tho outsido world did not intorfcro, but now wo must equal any or not succeed. to tho railroad strike, howovor, is duo to tho,fnct Mint It is a struggle for con trol. If the Missouri Pacific and Texas Pacific cannot opcrnto themselves with out tho assistanco of tho striking men, thcri it means the complete subjugation of western railroad inntinuoincnt to trade-unions. This would notjioeossnrily scttlo tho matter at tho Kast. In fact it wns sctllod tho other way at the Kast in 1877, whon tho military woro culled out to suppress rioting in tlio middlo States. INSECTS AND THEIR EKEMIE3. Tlio Relations of tho runner Thereto How they OiUinato and now to Depose Them. HV V. 3. MATTESOX. after year, and before tho tree bears fruit to make any income tho oxpeuse of caring for it anil tho interest on tho outlay and cost of tho laud has moro than doubled tho first cost. Hut tho sixth year tho orchard begins to pay. It has hud constant euro and has been pruned mid trained year after year, so that every tree has proper shnpo nnd size, nil of which demands not merely euro nnd labor, hut skill and knowledgo. When tho fruit ripens tho character of tho mnn is again upporout; some will ermit tho tieo to lw overloaded and eeo its limbs break under a load of small and inferior fruit, but tho truo orchur- dist him by pruning put his trco in shape to hold fruit to mlvnntngo. Ho has also thinned the growing fruit to givo size to what it boars, for ho knows that small fruit means small price. It is no easy task to thin tho growing fruit on a largo orchard, to tho right proportion. Our fruit buyers ship to mining regions east ward of us and will not hnvo small fruit at all. They also ship to Situ Francisco, and our fruit mind bu fine to command a Jalo there. No extensive fruit-grower can depend on tho market for green fruit. Ho must hnvo soino way to utiluo it in case thoro is no sale possible at a remunerative price, llo cannot set up it cannery, Ihv eauo Mint Is veryeponsivo, and no ono man raises enough fruit to keep even n kinnll cannery in stock. Ho can havo it good drier, ami for como varieties of fruit tho drier answers tho lct purpose. Hero again the man comes in question. Wo know of several fruit growers whose product is so popular Mmt it sells rondily nt a high price, whenus others put up as good fruit, tho sumo varieties, in fact, and it sell for much less. Tho package must ho nice ; it must lw packed in an attractive way and first of all tho fruit must bo dried carofully, ami hnvo largo izo to command a price in St. Paul or Chicago. If so dried ; then packed by heavy procure in imico box, with whito printing iMporliutng and a waxed sheet THE LABOR QUESTION. 1'or tho first timo in tho worlds' history labor is uniting and organizing upon a groat scale of members to claim for itself all that can bo exacted for its Hervices. Tho trndo unions hnvo been growing in power and nro uowsupplon otited by tho great order of Knights of Labor, which can ho of tho grcatost use fulness if its demands tiro limited to tho actual right and not to seek to forco tho world to pay unreasonable wnges. Tho law of supply and demnnd comns in to regulato all tho business of life. Tho Inlwr supply oxecrds tho demnnd and that is ono causo why so many are un employed. Improved machinery, that saves labor, has como into use and revolutionized human affairs. Tho solu tion of the labor question lies partially ju reducing a days work to eight hours instead of ten. That is equal to increas ing tho demand twenty per cont. The question comes : Can those who employ labor afi'ord to pay night hours what they hnvo paid for ten Speaking of tho Knights reminds us Mint in tho old States, and no doubj. hero also, political tramps aro joining tho order, or endors ing its principles, with avidity, hoping that they can rcneh power by means of lnbor votos. The contest between labor and capital is tho most important interesting event since civilizod man bus existed. It must bo fought out in every nation to bo n victory for labor, bocauso any added ex pense, that manufactured goods cannot bear, will simply shut down tho works. Tho laborer cannot demand moro than tho manufacture can nfl'ord to pay, When tho cost of manufactured articles is excessive, foroigu mndo goods will bo sold bore and our homo industries will suspend. If labor can oxcrt tho tamo influonco in foroigu countrios nnd give equal cost to iron and woolen and cotton goods in nil lands, then wages may in crease and tho eight hours amount to something. If Knights of Labor can bo organised throughout tho world, great results will follow. In timo labor may so organize tho world over. Mere theory is so often Ineffectual that no observing and experienced person need bo told that tho stream cannot rise higher thnu its fountain. Labor, liko llowiug water, hits but its possibilities. With us, tho ballot can accomplish about all that is possiblo nnd with unity nnd organizo co-operation labor will receive nil Mint is its just due. There is u wild feort of calculation prevalent that is the merest folly, becaiuo contrary to reason. Thoro nro regular principles in nature and in society that aro immutable nnd any offort to accomplish results not in accordance therewith must inovotably fail. That labor should havo all it needs, anil can fairly claim, is esential to our character ns a free nation ; if it claims too much, then it reaction takes place and labor loses ground. Soiun interesting facts nro found in an exchange which says : Hradstrcct'fl gives a deal of excellent and laborious service to summarizing and winnowing to tho current industrial phenomena. Last week it tabulated tho strikes nnd finds that they suspend abdut 30,000 men from labor, namely, 21,000 in the bituminous coal regions, uyAW lu .New I'.nglaiHl toxtilo and boot A FRIENDLY V0RD. In these hard times wo cannot afford to low n nnnio off our list nnd do not wish to annoy subscribers by demands for pay, but tho plain truth is that back dues on our list now amount to thous ands of dollars and wo cannot do without it. An easy way to pay duos nnd ono too, that will greatly benefit us and cost you nothing, is to get four now namss at 51.50 each and gat your own frco as a promiutn,und wo nim to mnko advertisers pny ns much ns wo can townrds expenses nnd so redttco tho prico of subscription. You can do us n favor whilo you enrn your paper froe. So, if you will try to get four now nnmes a club of four write nnd toll us nnd you can pond nnmes ns you got them. Wo will kcop tho account. Xo mnn, woman, boy or girl oven, but can got four now nnmes nt $1.1)0 each, right in their own neighborhood. You will be surprised to soo how easy it can bo dono. Try it and you will obligo tho Wil lamette Faumkii. A. numbor who havo gotten up clubs sny thoy woro surprised to find it so easy to get subscribers nt club rntos. W.Vat Seod from Flno and Foor Heads. During tho year 1882 '83 nnd '8i,somo very interesting experiments woro mndo at tho Ohio Experiment Station by plant ing Reed from tho finest nnd pooroit heads of wheat of ton different varieties. Tho first selections woro mndo from or dinnry grown whont, and subsequently selections from crops grown from suc cessive solections. Tho nvcrngo number of kernels in heads grown front seed of best head" wns (" !!; in thoe from seed of poorest bends tho nborngo wns 18 -15. Tho countings do not rcpicsont singlo hoads.but an average of tho host nnd poorest bends from tho rcspectivo plots. With tho best heads thero wns nn in crenso in nvcrngo numbor of kernels in nil but two instiincos, and in most cases this increnso is quito inarkod. Tho poor est bends show neither increoso nor do- creaso of productiveness. Tho largor bends counted evenly, seldom varying moro than flvo kernels, but tho smaller heads, though appearing to bo oven, varied from five to twenty kernels. In growth and general appenrnnco, tho poor selections wcro n littfo inforior to best selections, usually being shortor and producing fewer large heads, but in most casos being somo very good bonds. Taken ns n whole, tho superiority of tho better selection wns plain nnd could not bo mistaken. Of course tho crops from Rood and noor licndB recoived tho snnie treatment! and yet tho poorest of tho seed from good bends wns moro Minn two nnd a half times ns great ns that from socd tnkon from ioor heads. Sco whnt has boon dono by scloctiou with cotton ; why cannot tho snmo bo dono with wheat, oats, corn nnd other grains? and shoo iudustnos, 0,000 in the south western railroad difficulties, nnd tho rest in tho nail manufacture und vari ous other trades. This is an insignificant proportion of nil tho wago laborers of tho country. Tho importance attached Orais. Thcro is no doubt, says tho Maryland Fnrmor, but that of all food for tlio dairy, grass is cheapest nud best, taking tho cost of production into account, but this does not provo but that even in tho times of "Hush" foed, n ration of grnin, espeoinlly to tho butter making dairy men, is not decidedly pro fitable. Thoro is no question but Mint growing grass supplies tho finest of finvors to butter, and gives it good color, but nt tho snmo timo there is nn olemont lacking that contributed towards making quality in buttsr which is supported by meal. Grain as a part rntiou, lias great valtio in both promoting nnd maintaining tho milk How, nnd giving not only iirmnoss to tho butter, but nlso extra weight. It is not wise to tnko tho grnss fed cow nnd begin at once to feed her n dairy ration .of six or eight quarts of bonny grain food, but in thirty days tho feeding of grain could bo safely increased to a point Mint tho owner night mark as tho limit of profitable grain feeding. Kcare- ly ttoos it tall to no proutabio to I ecu n grain rntiou to tho buttt-rcow, and oven when butter is low, for eight pounds of butter per week on grass alone, or twelve poumls witli grnm, soon tens just now much grnin can ho profitably foil to cows on grass. Heppnor duetto li Mot a Claml NVitheris it n mountain oyster; but it is a wordly pnper scribbled up in plain U, S. language ami printed oa a sweat power prc&j in a part of Kastern Oregon whero cords ami cords of vacant govern ment nnd railroad land still lies out doors. It never stole hog, but it is somtimos borrowed by the neighbors. Sample copy with description of tlio Heppnor uillseountry,luconts in stamps. Xo discount to bummers. It never sucks oggs. Address, J. W. Islington, Hepp nor, Oregon. When tho grasshopper comes what ever measures aro tnkon ngnmst linn, must bo prompt, and vigorous, and por- sovciing to ho effectual. Much may be dono to prevent tho spring crop of hop pers from injuring tlio crops in the neighborhood of their birthplaces ; but ns tho migratory species breed In sandy, rocky, nnd dosolnto plnccs, their main migratory swarms would appear to bo practically unmnnngcablo. Mr. Glover, from whoso report I quoted in my pre ceding article, gives vnrious methods of destroying tho hopper. Plowing in- tho fnll, or winter, or curly spring, ground whero their eggs nro deposited, is highly recommended. When tho young hoppers nroyct jvinglcs'', burning; ns in stubble land, firing in it circle so ha to drive tho young hoppers to tho contor, will distroy them in multit.idos. llolling tho land, in tho cool of the morning, whilo tho insects nro yet partially dormant, is of utility. Very ninny mny bo taken, (ovon the fiying ones,) with a sheet attached to a light polo on two of its sides, and having pieces framed in nt each of its other sides, nnd nttnehod so ns to form a bingo with a stop so as to open nt nn nnglo of forty-fivo degrees ; nndthis inn- chine is drawn rapidly along the ground and whon desired the sheet may bo folded up, and tho imprisoned hoppers shaken out into it bag, or othor rocep tnclo, and killed with boiling water. Horso power nnd whcols can bo usod with this machine, nnd it bo rendered very effective. Driving tho wingless hoppers into ditches, and then burning them with Htraw, is nlso rcconicndcd. An effectual hand implement for catch ing hoppers is it largo and strong scoop- net, such as is mod by entomologists to catch insects. It should havo a hole in tho bottom for emptying it, winch may bo tied with a string. This liltlo im ploment is useful, not only to catch grasshoppers, but very ninny othor in sects, and may bo modified to suit tho occasion. I hiivo used ono to'advantago on tho turnip Ilea. Grasshoppers hnvo fow enemies excipt bhils. Hogs, turkeys, ducks nnd fowls devour thorn greedily, nnd nro very use ful in destroying them; but ono can scarcely afibrd to keep n band of thoso oirhand, in anticipation of a visitation of hoppers, which can bo brought to bear immedintoly without much timo spout in preparation. Very many birds eat them, nnd this is about all Mint can lo said in fnvor of tho sparrow-hawks nnd crows. Mr. Glover suggests tho idea of utilizing grasshoppers in somo manner, ''cither as a substituto for guano or manure, or of drying them ns food for fowls, hogs, otoj" nnd why not. Why not as food for pcoplo? Tho Chinose nro said to so usn them, nud it is so re lated how nn ex governor of Oregon oneo dined with somo Chinese dignitary in Portland, and was servod with some kind of dish unknown to him ; but which tickled his palato so pleasantly that ho naked to bo helped tho second timo, nt tho snmo time inquiring of his celestial host whnt it wns. Tho yellow henthon peered shrewdly nt tho governor out of tho corners of his bins eyes, nnd boforo puttiug tho coveted food upon tho pinto ho asked; "you llkeo him, gubclneli" "yes," rosponded tho governor, "I liko it, whnt is it!" And ns tho joss-worshiper placed tho food upon tho plate, ho softly replied. "Him glnsshopplo. you snbo glnsshopplo gubelneli" And tho gov ernor wns obliged to choko down his rising gorge, and cat grasshoppers di plomatically. I ouco saw a man who, when lost from his company "on tho plains," had sub sisted for twelve days on "mormon" crickets straight, nnd liked them after wards, Therefi.ro it appears that wo have il lustrations precedent for, tho utilization of tho grasshopper ns an nrticlo of food, in John tho Baptist ; nu Oregon gover nor; John Chinaman; and "Lo," tho poor Indian, and. after having adopted tobacco from tho Indians, it certainly does not become us now, to stick at grasshoppors. Yet, it wo must draw tlio lino somewhere in regard to adopting tho nasty abomina tions of uu uncivilized race, and con cludo to draw it at grasshoppers; thou, if some chemist could only hit upon n process for oxtrncting nn intoxicating drink from them, the Into of tho grass hopper would bo sealed. Exactly tho opposite of the grnsshop pcr, is tho dragon-fly. (Devils-darning-needle; mosquito-hawk.) His wholo lito is spent in usefulness to mankind. He has not oven a single vico lo com mand tho admiration of thai rl.iss of spurious philanthropists whoso sympa thies nnd energies are expended in futilo efibrts to reclaim criminals nnd reform drunkards, whilo tho sober nnd virtuous nro cither ignored or thrust rudoly nsido. His whole food is insects ; nud Mint too, so far us I nm informed, of tho noxious kinds. IIo is strong nnd swift of wing, nnd captures' intccts easily, nnd is ns greedy of prey ns tho nvcrngo Oregon trnder is of profits. Tho eggs nro laid in wntor, usunlly that of shallow ponds nnd ditches, Tlio young dragons nro wing less nt first and spend tho first stago of thoir lives in the wnter, living upon othor aquatic inscefs. At tho proper timo they crawl iii) somo stem of grass, or other plant, shed thoir skins, their wings un fold, and thoy fly nwnyin tho enjoyment of n now cxistance, nnd prey upon tho insects of fho air. Thero nro ninny var ieties; from three-fourths of nu inch, to three inches in length, and of ninny colors nud shndes. Alert nnd vigorous nnd over on the wing, tho dragon-fly pursues his avoca'tion in the interest of mankind. Mny his tribo incronse. To t continued FANCY CHICKEN EQQ3 CHEAP. To anyone- who will sontl us $1, wo will send tho Willamette Fakmer ono year, and it sotting of 13 eggs of either of tho following breeds: Wyandottos nnd I?.08o Comb Leghorns. To nnyono who will send us $ 3.C0 wo will send tho Willamette Farmer and n sotting of 13 eggs of olthcr of tho fol lowing breeds: Brown Leghorns, Ply mouth Rocks and IVkin Ducks. Tho regular prices of thoso eggs nro Jflnnd .?2.&0 respectively. This offer is open to all. whethor they bo subscribers or not. Ten Pckin Duck eggs aro a setting. As wo only hnvo u limited number of settings wo suggest that thoso desiring such eggs to net nt once. The first come, tho first served. Uiggcst stock at lowest price ut Port & Son s dniL' store. Clnckumns Co., prohibitionist hnvo clcctd ns delignles to it Statu com i ut m .MI. b'anibut, A. It. Shiploy, A. J.Uill ing, Mrs. Shipley. J. It. Kinney, nnd .1. Frnnklin. Stutt .Senator A. It. Shin ley, for representatives: Josiah Frnnk lin, It. W. Toner, nud K. N. Foster. C'outraet f.ir bridges and trestles of fourteen miles of P. and W. V. It. road between Tualatin river and Dundee, is awarded to Paquet .tnd Smith, of Kast Portland. Somo flshermon recently caught 53 cat fish in Silver Lnke, near Castle Rock. So then, whoro did theso cat fish como from? Tho largest weighed 17;j pounds. THE GREAT eSZl tt LIVER S V M PTil M ft Ur cr lid uite In mouth j OimriUmOi torCue coated white or covered with brown fur; pain In the back, tides, or Jolnti often mistaken for Rheumatisms our (tiiniBcIil lose of appetite sometimes musei and wateibnsh, or Indigestion ; flatulency and add eruttitlonsj bowels alternately costive and In I headache lost of memory, with a painful sensation of hiving failed to do something which ouiht to have been done) deblUtjri low spirits; a thick, yellow appearance of the skin and ejes; a dry cough ! fever : restlessness j the urine Is scanty and high-colored, and, If allowed lo stand, deposits a sediment, SIMMONS LIVER REGULATOR (PURELY VCaCTADLC) Is generally used In the South to arouse the I orpld Liver 10 a healthy action. I I sscta with extraordinary efficacy on tint IVEII, KIDNEYS, and BOWELS. uricum trtctno ron Malaria, Dyspepsia, Constipation, IIIUonaneM, Hick Headache, Jaundice, Nuutca, Colic, Mental Depression, Dowel Complaints, Etc, Etc., Etc. Endorsed by the use of 7 Mlllloiii of Bottles, as THE IEST FAMILY MEDICINE For Children, for Adulti, and tor the Aged. EtfE TO TAKE IN ANT COKOITION OF THE SYSTEM I J.H.ZEILIN & CO.. son raoriT05, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1'ItICE. sjl.OO. HORSEJBILLS. Wo. arc iirepared to print AH Stjles of Horse Bills at tho Lowest Trices. Call and sco our 1'rlces and Samples. Wo have the National Reg ister of Xornian Horses and will write out Pedigrees. ADDRESS, or cl upon WILLAMETTE I'ArUIER PUB. 00., balem, Oregon, CHEMEKETE HOTEL I IM1KOIS BROS., Proprietors. SALEM, . - OREGON. GKE,,,.4L 8.P?K '. F'm cosch to 4 from mi nous. . Hatuisle Ua.issi A
