Willamette farmer., November 28, 1884, Image 1

VOL. XVI.
IjjjorticnlhiraL
THE MARKET FOB OHECIOK FRUIT.
Our Into journoy cnst wns solely for
business purposes nml wns n quick trip.
"Wo wore only gone twenty-livo days
from Portland -traveled but half tlmt
time. Tho nctunl journeying was near
ly 7,000 miles including u trip up and
down Long Island Sound on a magnifi
cent stenmbont.
Our immediate- business wns to find a
markot for our dried plums nnd prunes,
to not only dispose of tho prcsonl crop
but to find a good market for Oregon
dried fruits in tho future. Kvory 0110
pronounced our Bnmplos (o bo very fine,
finer than they had ovor seen, and from
n number of largo wholesale houses wo
received nssuranco that they would tako
11 wo had nt our own prico if times
woro as thoyhad boon,. but tho condi
tion of things was Mich thoy could not
safely buy anything but tho staples of
life. Nico dried fruit they classed as n
luxury. Our first venture wns with tho
wholosnlatrndo of St. Paul, whoro there
. nro n half-dozen grent grocery firms that
do a heavy business. St. Pnul linn n
much larger wholosnlo trado limn its
near neighbor, Minneapolis. It sup
plies a wido region thnt extends from
lako Michigan westward, in Minnesota,
Dakota and Montana, a country whoro
no fruit is produced nnd which should
rccoivo its supply from Oregon if wo
oxorciso propor ontorpriso in supplying
it. Aftor stopping nt Chicago a day wo
concluded that St. Paul ofi'ercd tho best
market for Oregon products nnd font
back tho snmplo boxes wo took along to
n houso thcro to hnvo' them soo whnt
thoy could do with such fruit boforo wo
roturncd. "Wo only nlludo to our in
dividual affairs so far as thoy show whnt
Oregoniana may oxpect if they seek thnt
market for their fruits. Wo finally ar
ranged with ono houso, nt St. Paul, to
tako what wo liavo nt a fair price, nt
lonst two conts nbovo what thoy pay for
choico dried plums aud prunes grown in
California. As n usual thing Oregon
fruit growers can depend on receiving
tho snma prico that California fruits
bring in that markot. Tho advnnco wo
recoivo is becauso our fruits wero very
well cured and packed. It pays always
to show oxcollcnco in preparing such
articles for market. It costs littlo or
nothing mora to do work well nnd it
always pays to hnvo a good nnmo with
tho world of consumers. Wo hopo to
continuo rolnttons with tho houso wo
contracted with and win their respect
nnd that of their customers for our fruit
as a superior articlo that can bo relied
ipon always as qual to what it origin
ally appeared. It is tho rulo for goods
to bo mndo extra choico to get up n rep
utation nnd then deteriorate in quality
but livo on its lint roputation. It is
worth something to hnvo and do
sorvo a good nnmo and wo should liko
to seo Oregon products stand high on
their actual doservings. There is moro
profit in sustaining n good nnmo than
in palming off inferior goods for bettor
thnn they nro.
Our observation leads to tho conclu
sion that tho region wo hnvo described
should furnish n good markot for our
products nnd wo should through Port
land merchants occupy that field to
tho best advantage.
renewing: hop lands
Somo farmers in this valley who have
been engaged in hop culture have com
menced to manuro their hop yards and
havo found great good to reaolt from to
doing. Tho fact is that our producers
must all como to saving overy possiblo
item of fertilizers and uso all such care
fully. Tho soil must bo nourished if it
is expected it should nourish us. Com
mon salt is very excellent for roviving
hop land and should bo sown at tho rite
of a thousand pounds to tho aero. ItS
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 2S3 1884.
makes littlo showing tho first year but
Its effect is plainly to bo scon tho second
year. Whcro judiciously used it greatly
improves tho growth nnd tho yield.
Whilo somo hop yards givo 2,500 to
11,000 pounds of hops to tho aero tho
avorngo yield is not much moro than
ono-linlf thnt. If good cultivation nnd
tho cost of n thousand pounds of salt
will add from $100 to $200 per ncro to
tho ylold it is only common sense to
irivo tho necessary care nnd labor. Tho
important thing is to lenrn whnt should
bo dono and then do it.
Fruit Tree rests.
Much moro can bo done in protecting
our fruit trees from tho borer than many
supposo by moans of n very easy opera
tion, nnd in fur los timo nnd labor than
is generally supposed. A great deal of
injury is inflicted upon tho trees by tho
boror, which robs tho treo of its sap nnd
thus starves it of its living principle.
Deprive the lice of its duo proportion of
sup aud it mutters littlo ns to tho quan
tity of manuro applied to it. This iB as
good a season us any to fenet out this
pest, ns it is about tho timo it is active
ly providing for its winter quarters. Tho
egg which was laid in tho forepart of
tho Bummer has now fully dovclopcd
tho worm which is still in its Inborn, gen
erally under tho bark, or rather just bo
ncath tho outer rim of tho wood. Any
ono can discover its whoreabouls by tho
offal of its working, which looks llko
snwdust nbout tho trees nt tho surfaco of
tho ground. To got nt tho worm, ro
niovo tho soil around tho base of tho
treo, nnd nfter discovering tho holo by
which it entered tnko a stiff picco of
wiro nnd push it gently down ns far ns
it A'ill go nnd tho vile oporntor quickly
has too lifo punched out of it. Tho
serious damago dono by tho stem borer
is not generally fully realized, nnd tho
amount of labor necessary to rid n treo
of it is much less thnn many supposo.
A whole orchard can bo pnssed over in
linlf n day, nnd servico enough perform
ed to promote twico tho yiold of tho or
chard, and at tho samu timo bo securing
tho health of tho trees. An orchard
should bo gono ovor once a year, and
when done cnrofully thoro need bo no
fear of early decaying trees. German
town Telegraph.
Pasturing Meadows la Autumn
Thoio is a strong temptation to pus
turo meadows in tho fall, particularly if
thoro is a luxurious growth of aftermath.
Animals intended for tho butcher or
uioso unusviuiy mm wouiu tnrivo so
nicoiy upon tins ricii, juicy grass, savo u
largo amount of grain, and thus iucreaso
his profits, thinks tho fnrmor. A super
ficial roasoning seems to establish this
theory. But tho gain is not ns great ns
ho 8uppo.-es. The injury to tho meadow
will becomo npparent tho next haying
sensou. If the meadow is not broken up
tho following spring, then pasture as
long ns the stock cnu maintain itsolf in
a thriving condition. Tho droppings
will compensnto tho soil for tho olomenta
romoved in tho grnss, particulnrly if tho
stock is mature and fed daily a ration of
grain. Hut meadows from which n crop
of hay is to bo removed tho following
season, aro seriously injured by closo
cropping. Tho roots aro broken nnd ex
posed to tho sun, nnd much of tho grass
pulled up by tho rooU. Grass, liko wheat
is better by having a good protection
from tho biting frosts nnd keen blasts of
winter. A liberal growth of aftonnath
will furnish this protection and keep tho
rooU in n vigorous condition, will start
them into action, whereas, if tho ground
is bare Into in tho fall, it will bo weeks
before any signs of lifo appear, and be
fore tho grass bocomes matted and Inch
enough to prevent tho evaporation of
moisture, tuo sun uas butted tho ground
to almost tho hardness of a brick, nfter
which there is but littlo if any growth.
American Parmer.
Leaves as a FertUUer.
Tho valuo of fallen leaves as a fertil
izing agent is greatly underestimated.
Tho fanner lamenU over worn out fields
nnd meadows, whilo in his woodland is a
thick layer of half decayed leavos which
if added to his decomposed heap judici
ously distributed would aid greatly in
restoring his farm to tho condition of I
new lands. Tho gardener finds rotted I
leaves ono of his best nllics, for they can
bo used sparingly with excellent results
where nnimnl manures would produco
disease or too rank growth of vines and
foliage. Ono of the main secrets of the
florist's success is tho uso of leaf-mold.
Without leaf mold mid elciiu sand the
grccnliotiEo would becomo n "barren
ideality." Mixed with soil for pot plants,
in tho proportion ot one-third leaf mold
produces wonderful eficcts, particularly
upon reses.
Unko up ( the lo.ives when they fall,
make them into a heap in n convenient
place, whoro they can bo kept wet all
winter, and put brush or earth on ton to
koep thsnt from being blown away. Per
haps by next spring, tho bottom leaves
will bo decayed Milllcioutly fur u-o, but
not until next fall or the spring follow
ing will the wholo pile bo decomposed.
Tho older and mom thoroughly rotten
the mold tho bettor.
Rotten wood nnd chip dirt nro also
efiicucious fertilisers, though not eqiinl
to leaf mold for pots, nnd not always
as readily ubttiiued. It is surprising
thnt those living near tho woods do not
mako a moro general uso of rotted wood
and leaf mold. Several wagon loads of
each mixed mid kept dampa year or two
in n henp, would 1k ii veritable treasure
to one desiring torniso luxuriant flower
and largo juicy vegetables. Tribune
and Fanner.
i
Fom.ilo Education tn Franco.
A great ohnugo is about to como ovor
tho education of women in Franco. Tho
Council of Public Instruction, dealing
with tho question of the higher education
of girls, has issued n decree instituting a
number of high schools, which aro to bo
called lycoes, and managed in precisely
tho sumo mannor as those for boys.
Hitherto tho education of tho girls of
well to do families in Franco has either
bcon in tho hands of mistresses and pro
fessors who havo bcon engaged privately
by tho parents, or tho pupils havo bcon
sent to tho conventual i-chools to bo
educatod under tho Minorintondonco of
the nuns and with tho direct supervision
of tho Catholic clergy. So popular has
this mode of education been thnt many
republicans who nbhorclerical education
for their sons plnco their daughters in
tho convetunl schools, feeling nssured
thnt in tho enso of tho girls tho lienefits
received will outweigh what they regard
as tho evils of tho system ; the great
excuse for this inconsistency Iwing tho
fact that thoro are no satisfactory high
schools for girls in Franco. This re
proach it is tho object of tho Council of
Public Instruction to remove by found
ing lyeees'for girls equivalent to thoso
that have since tho timo of tho first
Napoleon oxihted for tho higher education
of loys. It may bo regarded as cortain,
hovvovcr, that the sehcmowill meet with
great opposition from quarters! tho
sotting up of high tchools with ono uni
form system of instruction in various
communes, as divorso in their needs,
rcquiremonts and prejuiccs as tho
different departments ut Prance, will of
necessity prove n failure in many
localities. Ilad tho Council of Instruction
proceeded in a moro gradual manner,
founding high class schools orlyceos in
tho largost cities and Jetting their good
results bo been mid appieoiatcd, there
would havo gradually iiriscn a demand
for similar establishments in tho smaller
towns, and thus tho education of tho
wholo country would havo been mow
surely acted upon precisely in a similar
manner as tho establishment of Uni
versity Colloge, London, in tho early
pait of this country, was followed by
that of King's and other colleges, so that
a university education is now to bo
obtained in most of tho larger citios of
Kngland. Ex.
Tho bill against oleomargarino, con
cerning which hundreds of petitions
havo boon introduced in both Houses of
tho Vermont Legislature, wns reported
on recently. It places 10,000 fino upon
tho person engaged in tho manufacture
who docs not return tho amount mado
each month ; $500 fino for a false return;
places fiftoen cents tax per pound on all
tho oleomargarine mado in the State,
unless $10,000 is paid for a yearly license;
nnd for retailing, $55, Scllini: without
n licenso is punishnblo by a -f 500 fino.
The fines are to bo collected tho samo
as taxes. Practically this will amount
to tho samo as absolute prohibition of
tho manufacture nnd snlo of oleomargino
as such, and apparently tho product
will havo to bo used merely for tho pur
poses of adulteration of the genuine
dairy article.
orrconiknx:
Our California Hoot Lottor.
San- Josi:, Cal., Nov. 15, 18S1.
IMItor Willnmctto Farmer i
Allow mo space in your vnluablo pa
per for n few suggestions for the benefit
of my Oregon friends (your patrons), ns
of possiblo results to bo obtained in Or
egon by the advantage of an unfailing
soil, and climate especially adapted to
tho interest of fruit culture, especially
most vericties which are grown hero in
California, yielding the greatest profits,
although many of the more tender and
tropical varieties cannot bo grown in
Oregon which nro cultivated hero, but
the principal varieties now being planted
hero aro varieties inostospccially adapted
to tho soil of Oregon and Washington,
such as apples, pears, prunes, plumbs,
cliorrie-', peaches, apricots and berry va
rieties, yield the greatest. All varieties
of fruit grown here and of the nuho va
rieties grown in Oregon, tho fruit raised
in Oregon is far superior in size, health
fulness and flavor than is to bo found
heie. As I havo traveled through the
various parts of this .State, and visited
tho principal famous fruit centers of
tho so-called garden Stuto of America,
and having attended tho various county
fairs through tho State, and also the
State Pair, and am sorry to say, for tho
interest of California, thnt thrco years
ago I saw a better display of fruits, vog
etnbles and grain (with tho oxcoptiou of
tropical varieties) in Salem, Oregon, than
I hnvo had tho pleasure of seeing here.
1.03 Angolcs furnishes tho best display
of any portion of t lit" State. And allow
mo to say, if the farmers of Oregon would
tnko tho interest in planting orchards
nnd cultivnto orchards as thoy do horo
thoy soon could realize handsome for
tunes from fruit interests ami thereby
increase the value of their land in pro
portion to tho increased valuo of land
hero. There are varieties of grapes,
apricots and figs hero that could bo
grown in Oregon with success, as thoy
nro grown with success in ninny locali
ties of tho Sierra Xovndns, where snow
falls to a considerable depth and the
mercury falls from 10 to 15 below zero,
aud I think from liko experiments thnt
the Japanese pond'unions would flourish
in Oregon, as the tieo will stand consid
erable freezing ; the leaves nnd bloom
pocp forth in May, mid tho fruit requires
frost to ripen it. The fruit rohcmhlos a
small tomato mid is very delicious, nnd
would bo u luxury in Oregon ns it is in
California ; it will bear the bccond ami
third year hore. Tho Vourreninn grape
is a medium sizo white variety, lato in
putting fortli in spring and matures
in hoventy-flvo days. I think it would
do well in Oregon. Tho ScrcaBsiau llg
is also grown in tho high altitudes of
Nov.ula. Yours with respect,
M. V. Knsi.ey.
To Curo a Kicking Cow.
SAJ.KiOr-. Nov. 20, 1881.
Kdltor Willamette Farmers
Last your I had a cow that was a
"kicker," and ns I cured her by n vory
eimplo remedy, givon mo by a friend, I
thought I would tell tho rendors of tho
Paiimeii. Tho remedy is just this : I
took n five-eighths ropo and tied it
around tho loins, drawing it only mod
eratoly tight, doing this ovory timo I
milk. I will vouch for this remedy.
To all who have a kicking cow this will
bo invaluable. Jacoii Oat.K.
A redwood treo near Santa Itosa, Cal.
furnished all tho lumbor for tho Baptist
church ut that place. Tho interior of tho
building is furnished in wood, there be
ing no plastered walls. After tho lumber
for tho church was takon, (10,000 shin
gles wero mado from what remained of
tho tree.
Plaindealer : Randolph Itot-o brought
n load of d rested hogs to ono of our meat
markets this week, nnd among them
was ono whoso forefeet resembled a hu
man hand. Each haying a porfectly
formed thumb with natural joints.
Ono of them can bo seen in our otllce.
NO. 42
Caro ot Harness.
Our fanners tiro prudent in buying
harness, demanding tho best leather,
tho lcst work, but thej put tho harness
in use and allow it to bo exposed to nil
kinds of weather without further caro,
and, in a very few years, it is ripped,
dried and crncked.nnd almost worthless.
Thou tho harness mnker has to tnko nil
tho blaino. Tho careful farmer will
hnvo a good place to hang his hnrness
where it may hang up stinlght, nnd
always from tho gass of tho manure.
Ono man will oil his harness only in hot
weather with somo cheap Ush oil ; then
hang it in tho sun to dry. When dono
it is no better than before.
Now, to oil harness properly, in early
spring, before spring work begins, tako
it into a damp cellar, or somo damp
cool room ; take nil apart, Mak well .in u
ti'h of warm water, and, with n eoarso rng
unit old knife, scrape off nil gum nnd
dirt. As noon ns tho outside is dried n
little, put on, with ii tag or brush, ns
much oil ns will stick to it, nnd plnco all
in a heap on a board to dry; If ono
coal is not enough, -o ovor it again till
it is filled with oil ; then when all dried in,
tako warm soft water and castilo Boap
and rag, wash well mid put togother.
Castor oil is best of all ; good noalafoot
oil is very good, in which mix enough
lampblack to cullor well. After being
exposed ton soaking rain, tho harness
should bo mbU'd over with n rag and
good oil whilo wet. Xovcr oxkso leather
to hot sun or drying winds till dry
after oiling, or tho oil will do harm,
rather than good. Harness well treated
in this way will bo sort, pliable, less
liable to chafe or rub off tho hair of tho
horco, and last somo years longer than
if neglected.
That largo numbcis of Chinese are f
being smuggled across tho lino from
Drltish Columbia to Washington Ter
ritory, thoro can no longer bo any doubt.
On Sunday evening a schooner with
eight of thcho contraband hcatiou on
board, landed lielow tho barrel factory,
and every ono of them succeeded in got
ting into town, where thoy lost their
identity, with tho exception of two.
Officer Itoss was informed of what was
going on when it was too lato to do much
.jood. Kvory time tho whito man who
brought tho Chinamen over, delivered
two or more of tliem to tho boat heie,
he got a ticket which represented a cer
tain Mini of money. After arresting two
oftho smuggled Chinamen tho officer
laid for the whito man, but did not suc
ceed in capturing him for tho reason
that as soon as ho saw tho olllcer ho
took to his heels. Tho policamnn fired
two or three shots nftor tho retrentlng
mnii, but failed to stop him and ho soon
disnppearod in the darkness. Tho two
Chinamen wcrcplaccd in Jail, nnd nfter
examination wilt probably bo sent back.
On of them is particularly unfortunate,
having been captured horo on two pre
vious occasions and font back to vio
toria,only to como hore again.
Tho Xew York Sun is responsible for
this hen story : John G. Cooloy's cut, at
North Franklin, dislikod tho confine
ment incurred in watching four kittens,
mid then shu placed them under n
motherly hen, which was trying to hatch
n porcelain egg in n nest two feet nwny
on tho samo hay -mow, Tho hen clucked,
lilted lier wings, and welcomod tho
litter. Tho cat wont off to while away
tho day, returned nt night, and took
back herofTspring, Kach inorniiiL' there
after tho kittens were put off on tho hen,
tuo cat strolled nwny, mid tuo lien enter
tained thorn by clucking to them until
tho cat came buck nt nitrht. Thoy
answered to both tho clucking ot tho
lieu and tho snocillo maternal cull. Tho
hen sat on the kittens for about two
weeks, and thon they ran nwny, lenvinu
her disconsolate. There wns void in her
affections that a porcelain egg was in
competent to fill. After brooding on her
nest two or three days shu gavo up the
attempt to hatch tho ogg aud legan to
lay eggs again. Mr. Cooloy behoves
thnt a litter of kittens is tho only thing,
except death, that will "break up" a
sitting llosh hen.
At the coast near Bun Gregorio, Geo.
W. Pox, discovorcd a fragment of an
nbalono shell with an infant's foot, shoo
foot and all, inenred in nbalono in tho
interior of tho shell. It i reported that
a woman and child was drowned off the
coait some novon yours sinco, and it U
supposed lliat tins is ttie cluld s loot,