i VOL. XVI. tyvvrtfymuUntq. (Editorial Cottoiponicnco.) OVERLAND IN OCTOBER. Ciiicaoo, Ills., Oct. 20, 1881. KJItor Willnmotto Farmers I nrrivcil hero yesterday nflor six days ot travel, including eight hours spent in St. Paul. Tho journey across tho con tincnt is tircsomo at best and yet ovcry thing is mado as coinfortablo as possible. Tho passenger Coaches on tho Northern Paeiiio aro qtiito as good us on nny roml nt tho East. So aro tho coaches on tho valley roads. Oregon has nothing to complain of in that respect. October is n pleasant month for travel but Micro woro not over half a dozen people who left Portland in two days that camo through to St. Paul. I say in two days becauso our train mot u Hlido out from Portland one hour and lay thoro from '2 i M. ono day to 0 r. m. tho uoxt, and mcantlmo anothur train camo along and took our train. I camo all 'ho way in a common passenger car nnd as thoro was nn nbundunco of room I had two scats to myself and soon got used to sleeping comfortably. Probably travel novcrwas so light as now, owing to hard times that prevail throughout all tho world. Tho Northern routo has soip'o very tlno scenery on tho Lower Columbia-ami on Glarko'd Fork, in Idaho nnd Montana, but othorwiso Micro is no attraction all tho way. Whatever of good country thoro la tho wholo distnnco from" Port land to far into Dakota docs not lio on -tho lino of tho road, but Is oft" eomo dis tance, a fact tho general run of travelers cannot appreciate. Tho rond in Idaho nnd Montana passes through a number of mountain ranges with valloys inter voning, but thoso aro generally too great in altitudo to mako ngriculturo profite bio. "West of tho Kooky Mountains is tho Bittor Koot valloy that is qtiito ox tonsivo, with Missoula for its contnd point of trado. Thcro is somo good laud on tho Flathead reservation. Also, thoro is Deer Lodgo valloy whoro thoro aro fiomo farms. Montana, howovor,is mora blessed with rich mines than uny-Stato in tho Union, nnd thoy promiso to 1k vory lasting in their nature. These mines mako tho rich city of Dutto, on tho Utah Northern road, said to bo tho richost mining camp in tho world. Copper is vory valuablo in thoso mines nnd is moro enduring than ores of gold nnd silvor, that also exist freely. In passing up tho road I cxjiectcd to Jlnd peoplo going to and from tho CKUU 1)'A!.KNK MINES. As it was, wo scarcely heard a word ubout tho minos until wo had readied tho other sido of them when wo met four mon who were leaving after doing a hard summor's work nnd spondiug thousands of dollars in prospocting. Thoy woro -taking tho omigrnnt train back. Tho account thoy gavo was that there wore thousands of menMhero who couldn't lenvo becauso thoy had no money to travel. Very few claims wero paying and no good quart, had been discov ered. Tho pay district was very small. Thd mines wero cxponsivo to work and they had loft thorn not intending to re turn. That was all wo heard of tho fa mous Cu'ur (TAleno mines. Thoy had i ulfilled our prediction of last spring ad vising our readers not to luvost in them or go to them. It. was to bo hoped that theso mines would turn out proiitablo, as oo many woro going thithor, encour aged by overdrawn reports. Such re ports havo no doubt resulted in harm to all tho Pacific Northwest as thoso who go back disappointed will givo n poor account of all tho country as rovengo for their own loss of Umo and uionej AQRICri.TTnE OP MOXTAN'A AND IDAHO. Thoro is but littlo agricultural land in Montana and less in northern Idaho, except that portion of tho Palouso and Spokano country that lies in that terri tory. Northern Idaho is very moun tainous and heavily timbered, whilo SALEM, OREGON, FRIDA Y, NOVEMBER 73 1884. Montana is a vnst grazing ground, mountains nnd plains covered with buuehgrass with small extent of forest. Strange to say: this high mountain land is blessed with warmor winters than aro common to Knstcrn Oregon and Wash ington, and cattle, sheep and horses do woll there. Tho Bitter Boot valloy west of tho ltocky Mountains and Prickly Pear valloy. Missouri vnlley and Gallatin valley to tho ont, aro fcrtilo spots though olovated to 11,500 and G.OOO foot abovo sea lovol. Wo saw somo good farms to tho eastward whero grain was mostly standing in shock and soma Holds woro yet uncut. Thcro had lcon a snow fall at Helena, nnd thereabouts, but tho grain standing in tho Hold was not damaged by it. Helena contains quite a number of millionaire, most of them owners of cattle. Tho cow boy is tho chiof fonturo of socity in that region. Stock will always tako tho lead there and farming will play a very minor part. I cannot seo how any person would re main in that country to farm it when Oregon and Washington oiler fo much inducement. Leaving Montana wo ontcred Dakota to find a hotter agri cultural country towards tho niiddlo and eastern part. Farming is carried on hero with moro certainly, though sharp winters havo to bo oucountercd. Dakota will bo a great State, but o 'en this favored laud ennuot hold a caudlo to our own country. Dakota is fast filling up and as it can bo reached so casilv and at less cxnenso will contiuuo f?v . r j?f,r- .... : ...'.in.. .1 io uo scuicu np moro specuny man our country. Thoro is a vast region along tho Northern routo that invites sottlo incut. It is no doubt tho most attractive of all unsettled territory owned by tho government and will draw largely by immigration during tho next fow years. Our own region may feel tho effect of existing hard times for nwhilo but will in tlino fill up with tho right kind ot immigration and become all wo desiro it to bo. Its futuro is very certain but hard times tho world over stand in tho way of its imniodiato realization. I am frequently asked if times aro as hard with us as hero at tho Hast. Tho fact is, stringency is felt ovcry whero and products aro as low hero ns with us. THE MlriStioirri VALLEY, ETC. As wo ontorcd tho Mississippi valley wo discovered a great chango in ap pearances; gradually tho country im proved, fnnnors wero moro cultivated, hom?s in bettor shapo nnd finally wo camo into view of orchards, but not as with us. Minneapolis and St. Paul aro closo togother and yet each is a great city. Tho mit.s at tho tirst named aro wonderful and tho viow from tho stono railroad bridge is wonderful, showing tho falls of St. Anthony doing duty as wntor power, driving tho wheels of mighty mills that surround it Passing on from thoso cities towards Chicago wo woro 17 hours going all tho timo through a lino farming country abundantly im proved, nnd beautiful cities, and villages. Tho travel is very groat, heio and tiio roads are very smooth so that trains rush along at tho rate of thirty miles an hour with very littlo jar or discomfort. Tho lay of tho country enables to build roads easily and keep them in order much easier than with us. lil.AI.NE AMI IOOAX ANI C1IICAU0. As wo approached Chicago wo saw growing indications of a great city. Immcnso factories wero in tho hiiburbs and gradually houses wero moro doiuo until at last, wo landed in tho vory heart of tho metropolis. It chanced that wo arrived hero tho samo day lllaino did and I fiel now like repeating tho first sentence of tho brief speech ho mado last ovening ; "Chicago is great in all things." Sho certainly is. Hearing that tho great My was to havo a jolitical display of uncommon magnitude I joined tho throng in tho streets last evening to see what I should seo. Wo do theso things up in a small way in Oregon bnt shall no doubt !ecorae ttxeited over politics in duo Umo. It wos rather a surpriso to an Orcgonian to diop into Chicago when matters wero ntfovorheat and a great display in progress. It is estimated Mint over n hundred thousand peoplo wero out in this city last ovening to view tho great torch light procession ntul twenty thousand mow wero march ing, carrying torches with illuminated mottoes, banners and in various soits ot uniforms. It is jironouncod tho greatest ofl'ort over, mudo by Chicago and was worth two hours of an Orcgouinns' timo to seo it all. I managed to bo under the balcony whon lllaino spoke, saw him and Lognn, heard both, then took a walk through tho thronged streets to seo tho organizing clubs and' having fully satis fied myself, as lllaino says : thafChiciigo is gteat in all things." I went coin forlabln to bed and slopt as a man can sleep who has notihad his clothosolT for a week and hni curled up at night on tho cushion of a railrwul car. I thought I slept well ovcry ftlght but I slopt grandly last night without dreaming onco of politics, or that "Chicago is great in all things." S. A. 0. A Good Sufgoillon. W.ivi:m.Y, wTt., Oct. 28, 18S1. Editor WilUmetto Farmers Being a constant reader of your pa per, and who highly appreciates tho liberal way in which you allow its col umns to bo used by ovory porson who has nny remarks to make, or instructions to uivo, that will aid tho agriculturist, I havo a suggestion to mako to your many readers that I think thoy will ovcry ono npprovo of; that is if any havo any ex perience that thoy think would benefit their fellow mon let them send it to your paper to bo inserted for tho good of nil. Never mind how poor you wnto or spell, if you can mnko yourholf under- staod, tho editor is capable of doing tho rest. Hoping I may soon seo n column of each paper well filled with tho written oxpcriouco of mon nnd women who havo been successful in what thoy write about. Yours respectfully, William Ouaiiam. JIei'LY. Bofcrring to tho abovo wo will say that this is exactly what wo do- siio and havo often tried. It is a good idea and can bo mado of great ino to our random in ovory direction. Wo havo an ablo corps of editors who can and will answer ovcry question propounded of a reasonablo nature. Practical questions ulono nro wanted. Our columns aro open and wo hopoMr. (iraham will start tlio ball rolling. rciuToiL j Feather and Egg-Eating Hens. Kriitor WilUmetto Farmers It is not easy to break a fowl of tho habit of eating tho egg, it is better to mako a pot-pio of thooflonderboforo sho teaches others how it is done. It is best to scorch or burn tho egg-shells boforo thoy aro thrown out. It is absolutely necessary that tho hens should havo Mich material given them as will pro- duco tho sholl. Lima is excellent, but bettor still is it to burn in thu kitchen stovo any largo bones, mid thon pound them up lino; putting this is in safe, clean places, whero tho chickons will havo daily access to it they cat it greedily. Tho sccrotioness of a hen will lead lior to somo dark placo to hido her nost.smd if indulged in her way will lay in a dark placo, whero sho cannot well seo to pick open her egg. Wo onco had a hen that would cat up every egg' sho layed without stopping tocacklo; wo put pepper and all sorts of stud' in other eggs for hor to eat, but no mouns could euro her, so wo tried tho pot pio after sho hnd destroyed a couplo of dozen There is nn inclination of, longing for Jlesh food when a hen oxhibits a desiro to cat her own feathers; it is an abnor mal nppctito generally seen wheu tho fowls aro confined in closo quarters; givo them n littlo raw liver or any refuse got cheaply at tho butcher's. Another thing a hen wants to bo doing goncr- ally mischief if thcro is any way get ting at it, and it is astonishing how quick thoy know whon thoy nro at mis chief; only look at ono scratching tho ilowcrs nnd sho will eoud away in n hur ry. Hang a cabbage head up by tho roots just high onough to havo a jump and just seo how quick they will clean it oft' to tho slump. Then ecnttcr grain, covering it with straw so ns to givo ox orciso in scratching for it. K'atii: D. Tlio Butto draugo Fair. Wasmixotox Co., Or., Nov. 1. KJItor Willametto Farmer : Tlio annual fair of our tJrango was held Wednesday, Ootobor 2i)lh, J8S-I, and although it rained quito hard in tho morning and many wero thcroby deter red from coming, wo had a pretty good attendance and a fair exhibit. Tho fol lowing is, to far as timo permitted, a list of articles exhibited and nnmo of ex hibitor. Hut as many nrticlos did not bear tho nnmo of tho exhibitor, anyone omitted will ploaso consider tho omis sion accidental: Olds t Tyson, f var. potatoes, fruits of dlllcrcnt kinds, 2 var. oats, 1 each of ryo and wheat. Mrs. A. M. Wood, dried fruit and com, and proscrvos. E. Wood, potatoos, vegetables, fruit. II. E. Hayes, dried fruit, prunos. jrra. M. A. Tiggard, vogclablos, fruit nnd button L. M. Atkins, prunes. Mr. Morris, squash. O. Frowimr, wnoat, timothy grown on uplands, fruit, vegetables. Paulson it ICclso, ! var. of potatoes, swoot corn in stalk and cam, vegetables, lfi var. fruit, butter-nuts, homo grown mixed grass seed, evorgreon blackberry. Mrs. F. M.Paulson nnd Clarn J. Kelso, butter, jelly, and preserves. 0. Gault, vegetables. P. Gault, 2 var. potatoes. James Marian, potatoes, and giant sun flower, specimen of charcoal. A. It. Shipley, grapes. Wm. Pollard, churns, butler worker, fruit, vegetables, largo licet, mangel wurtzol, cauliliowcr. 0. Bunnell, vogctablos, 25 ib cabbage, poko berries, fruit. 0. W. Bryant caulillowem, ond-)ther vcgctablos, fruit. J. II. Kruso, sido oats and Chili club in sheaf. P. Withy-combe, tiles. Mrs. llachcl McCay, hand mado laco. MJsb Mary MolCiiy, hand mado lace. Mrs. C. E. Shipley, rut:, crndlo quilt. Mm. K. Olds, lam 1 1 unit, tidy. Miss E. Morris, tidy. .Mrs. II. Tyson, tidy and pillow sham. Mrs. F. II. Strauss, hand basket. Mrs. J. MoFarland, bouquet. Mrs. llnttlo Heath, picture, bouquet. Tho fair pnssed oil' pleasantly and seemed to lo well enjoyed by all present as was tho excollont dinnor provided by sister M. A. Tigard. Thomas Paui.he.v, Secretary. Which 1 Best Eating 7 Kditor Willamette Farmers Thero is no doubt from our own oxpo rienco but that tho Black Spanish and tho Plymouth Bocks nro good layers. Tho Spanish is about as good as crow for tablo iiso ; Mm Plymouth is good for eating, but tho vory best fowl for cook ing wo havo yet found is tho Cochin, with a littlo cross of Plymouth Hock; tho bin! is largo, juicy mid has an excel lent flavor. Ono would scarcoly believe what a differenco thoro was in tlio tasto of tho meat of tho various fowls. It would bccin as if u chicken was a chicken tho world over, but somo, ovon when cutting up fat and in good order will bo tnstoloss and dry when cooked ; so in rearing fowls it is just an easy to have the best, only calling for a littlo caro and forethought in setting thought kind of eggs. Wo should after this havo n good many Cochin Chinas in our broods, but then wo would havo, some good layers too. JsJC. Who owns the Hog 7 . Biii-niiiii'iu), Or., Nov. II, 1881. Fitor Wriliinutto Frmtrt fa! Ploaso uay through your paper to .tho public that I cupturcd it savugei.ful)- NO. 31) grown malo hog which hni been on and about my placo for ono yenr. If any ono having lost such nn animal will bring a fair description, ago, marks and other peculiarities, they can, by paying reasonable charges, tako tho animal away, within fifteen days, aa I am food inghim. Jly residence, is-lmslcs oast of Salom. Jonx B. Leiimax. Weather Roport for October, 1804. Eola, November 1, 1881. 1-Mltor Wlllamolto Farmer: During Oct., 1881, Micro woro 1) dnyH during which rain foil, and an aggre gate of 2.80 inches ot water, !1 clear, 10 fair nnd 1) cloudy days other than thoce on which rain fell. The mean temperature for (ho mouth was RO.'U dcg. Highest daily mean temperature for tho month, 00 dcg. on tho lfllli. Lowest daily mean tenipcraturo for the month, 'HI (leg. on tho (ith. Mean tenipcraturo for tho month at 2 o'clock v. m., fiO.DO (leg. Highest temperature for tho month, 03 deg. at 2 p. M. on tho Kith. Lowest tcnqicmturo for tho month, !17 deg. at 7,'r. . on tho (Ith. Tho prevailing winds for tho month woro from tho north during 12 days, south 11 days, south-west (1 days. During Oct., 18811, thoro was 11 rainy, 0 clear, and 1 1 cloudy days. Mean temperature for tho mouth, 10.0'Jdeg. " t .Highest dally mean tompojaturoifoj. tho month, 67 (leg., on tho 3d. Lowest daily mean tenipcraturo for tho month -11 dcg. on 21st. T. PKAItCE. Ticks oa Cattle. Kdltor Willamette Farmer) Can you givo mo an effectual remedy for kcoping wood ticks from cattlot My pasture is partly old field and partly woodland. Tho ticks attach themselves to tho cattle early in summer and re main on tho rest of tlio year, causing, from their number, much loss of llcsh. I havo tried dusting them with Insect Powdor, but it seems to havo ofi'cct. Axsweh. Tho best remedy for ticks is to rub them thoroughly with grease. A piece of fat bacon answers as woll as anything elso. Hub insovoral directions, so that tho ticks will bo greased all ovor. llcpart, if necessary. Tho greasing ought to lo douo early in tho season, when tho ticks first mako their appearance. Selecting a Milch Cow, Tho best sign for richness of milk it deep oiangu color inside the ears. Such is said to bo infallible, but thcro aro ac companying points that assist the ex port in making this election from a number. After examining tho enrs, fool tho skin on the rump and observe that it should bo soft, velvety, and fall again to position when tho hand is removed. Tho hair should bo iiuo and silky, with a yellowish cast underneath. Tlio milk veins should bo ory prominent, largo and uniform in size, knotted or waved, and tho uddor well balanced, extondinf' full to the rear, ii'id woll forward in front. The bones should bo fine, tho oyo mild ami expressive tho ixxly showing a tendency to avoid accumulating fat, the teats ovon and at regular intervals, with tho escutcheon well defined, dandruff being easily rubbed Microform, and the cow should bo not only a good feeder but a good drinker also. Joseph Cook Coming. This noted and talented Boston diviuo will bo in this State uoxt month and will deliver a courso of lectures at Portland and this place. Tho'limo set for Salem is November lOthaud lltlt. The subjects will bo "Tho seven wonders of the world" and 'Does death end 'alls'" Theso aro tho two best lectin es that Mr- Cook del hers and aio much sought after and lead. Tho lectures will bo delivered nt lleeus Opera House lor tho benefit pf the museum of tho VHJimtto 1'nivorsity. Tho lectures wiH prove highly interesting and thu object is indeed a worthy ono. There will bo i full hoiiso to great Mr. Cook, wo feel, assured. A l'wA'k4ii