4
W1LLAMETTE FARMER: SALEM, OKEGON, OCTOBER 31, 1884.
i
U
iMurt (rerjr Week by the
iiriMJlHKTTE FAKMF.R ITBLI81IIN CO.
W TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION
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bM thn atx montht will be, per month SB
ADVER818INO RATES
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MTANYONK KKCKIVINO A COPY OP
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INVITATION TO SUHSCRIBB.
ANNOUNCEMENT.
Wt III tend Iho WILLAMETTE FARMER to any
new (uloKrlberi from date until January 1, I860 for (2.
IN CLUBS OP TEN
The FARMER coitt only S1J or II. BO ech and an
tr ropy to the itettrr up of the club. Try It.
IN CLUBS Of FIVK
Wo will tend the FARM Ell (onejcar) forM.7S.or
l.7 eh, end n extr copy to getter up of club.
A FREE COPY.
Four New fiubicrllxri at 12 f ecli mtlltet the club
raltcr to a ropy one ) car free end will eleo entitle etch
new luhecrlbcr to the ptpcr until January 1, l&SC
Rend ordcra In Immediately and Ret tbo advantare
of our (treat offer.
Hrnil Jlnnry liy Monry orilrr or Kmlafrrrd
lllrr. Cluli Namn mint nil lie urnt nl
iinr lliur.
Addrcaa: WILLAMETTE FAnMER.Balem, Or.
Hkaii ai)vi:iitihk.mi:nthuihI if thoy con
tain Homotlilni,' you want, set down nnd
send for circular, nnd do not fail, but say
you saw it in tbo Willamkttk Faiimkk.
Hememiieh Joseph Cook'n lectures, to
tuko plnco at Heed's Opera 1 f oune, No
vcmbor 10th itml lltli. Thoy will bo in
teresting (o all. Tlio object lit u worthy
oiio ami should attract a largo numbor.
Tiikiii: is much intercut being taken
in cxhihiU dciRiicd for tbo "World's Ex
blbitlon at New Orleans. Mr. J. V.
Crawford has received and prepared for
shipment somo largo seciinon8 of veg
etables, eto.
Tin: weatheu is showery, and farmers
tell tut that they liavo had a very favor
ablo neiuon for vowing fall grain. Tlioro
will I to very little Hummer-fallow this
year, as farmorR intend raising all tbo
grain thoy can.
The election will soon bo ovor, and
then times wilt begin to pick up nnd
Oregon will lw herself again. Tbo nows
of the world is meagre, and will improve
as soon a telegraph companies run out
of election news.
The MmiAMi'h' Fair has closed n
very successful exhibition. Elsowhero
will bo found a well arranged report of
the various exhibits from tbo pen of
ourcorrosiKindent ".Sapphire." Tho re
port was unexpected, but none tbo less
appreciated. Our correspondent has in
tho past sent us many valuable letters on
timely topics, especially as regarding tho
hop sections of the I'uynllup.
Tin: wish: it m:aon has set in and
farm life will liouioioiiuictniid enlivened
only occasionally by tho "dropping in" of
friends and neighbors who come to spcntl
tho day and evening. Winter on tho
farm means social gatherings and
pleasure. While winter is here it gives
many u chiineo to "jot" down experiences
and these experiences will bo splendid
muling when published in the Farmer.
New hriiM'itiiiEii aro coming in quite
rapidly. The 'Jfi.000 sample copies wo
diftrihutcd aro beginning to lw heard
from. Wo should have 10,000 regular
subscribers in Oregon and Washington.
Wo can make the Faumeu useful us
well as ornamental, and all we nk is as
sistance. Let each reader tend us in
one new HiiUvriU'r, and in one year our
increased patronage would enable us to
give the agricultural community a pa
per equal to the bent Eastern journals.
K, J. Dawne, of Salem, has a colt
which ho has reared without the aid of a
mother after its own kind. Tbo colt was
foaled April lib last, and the dam died
immediately after. The nturo had boon
sick for a long time nd bad not been up
for six weeks. Tho nuiro was a valuable
one and contained tho well known Bell
founder r-trane, and was bred to 0. W.
Took's Mason Chief. Tho doctor had
concluded froiuciroumxtauccsiu the cm o
that the imuo was without foal. The
animal retained vitality enough to bring
her progeny into tho world and was
then, bcoiniugly, contont to die. Tho
colt is named Nellio Mason ami has
many lino points, and considering its
Mttg reared without u natural mother,
is larg When foaled it weighed about
fifteen pounds. Wo shall watch tho colt
with interest,
AGRICULTURE AND MANUFACTURES
Mr. T. Buckman furnishes n Portland
journal with a very practical communi
cation on tbo connection homo manu
facture bears to agricultural prosperity.
Ho rofcrs to tho fact that the papor in
question ono year ago was veryciitical
towards Oregon farmers because they
could not that year meet tho demand
for fruit and other products nnd moke a
neat rejoinder that this year the com
plaint is reversed bccaimo tbo country
cannot furnish n market for tbo pio
ductfl of tho country. It is as reason
able for tho fanner to complain now oh
for thn newspaper in question to com
plain then that crops wcro insuflicicnt.
This is a year of unusual abundance and
last year was noted for its short crops,
due to drouth and a bad season.
Tho main argument niiido by Mr.
lhicktnnn is that in many linos of busi
ness homo manufactures should and can
thrivo and would create a homo demand
of great value to tho wholo country. In
consequence cf tbo very limited demand
for such products ns nro of it perishable
nature and cannot bo well shipped
abroad wo aro apt to ovorproduco and
then find tbo market overstocked and
prices not suillcicnt to remunerate agri
culture. Tho rcmody for this, and tho
encouragement for mixed farming, lies
in tho founding of homo manufactures,
tbo consequent incroaso of population
and incroased demand for a groat vari
ety of products. Now wo grow whoat
becauso it is not perishable.
Tho argument wo havo mado for pro
taction of homo industries is that tho
support of such industries carries with
it general prosperity of all classes. It
enables "ono bund to wash tho other"
to use a homely phrase. If we depend
only on iigrlculturo and tho commcrco
that is derived from it our moans will
bo limited and our resources unreliable.
With such n tariir as will enable factor-
ies to pay good, living wages, so that
workmen can livu oomfortnbly, and wo
shall soo tho farm and workshop mutu
ally depoudent nnd mutually prosper
ous. An enlarged and increased do
mand will encourago mixed farming nnd
induco u healthy condition of agricul
ture. It requires time and effort to
build up prosperity by developing
natural resources. Tho great and varied
resources of our region oiler immenso
rewards for woll directed enterprise As
a usual fact many failures occur from
immature planning and insufliciont
means in commencing homo industries.
A country has to outgrow nnd survive
all sued failures lcforc it can stand and
go alono as an industrial community.
Our men of wonlth havo nuulo somo in
vestments and probably arc ready to
make more if thoy can soo encourage
mont to do so. Whenever Oregon and
Washington can see tho day that thoy
shall produce what they consumo in
tho ordinary courso of lifo then wo shall
see prosperity to correspond. Wo havo
water powers suillcicnt to manufacture
on a grand scale and tho timo will como
when wo shall bo tho Now England of
tbo l'acillc. Tho sooner manufacturing
begins in earnest nnd successfully tbo
sooner wo shall realize tho magnificent
destiny that is in store for us. Agri
culture will then lo at tho highest point
of success.
HOW IMMIGRANTS ARC TREATED.
Wo havo no doubt of tbo truth of
the assertion made lately, that tho im
migrant is often turned from locating
on vacant laud by pretenses of stock
men that it is taken up. Tho land office
may lw n hunitrcd miles nwnr nntl ho
cannot easily disprove tho claim or pre
tense. Thus many men, it is said, havo
become disgusted nnd discouraged and
havo gone Imek East ogain, who other
wise would have made a permanent
homo in Eastern Oregon or Washington.
It is not easy to meet all these ditllcul
ties for government cannot nfibrd to
make so many land districts. Tho stock
man sew the doom of fate in the immi
gration that is tilling up tbo country
and destroying bis range for stock. If
bo is unscrupulous be can keep thorn
on for awhile, but this sort of thing
must end sotu nnd they trille with
destiny who attempt it.
Immigration has not been m gatt as
was anticipated last winter. The early
spring saw thousands pouring across the
continent on tbo newly finished rail
road but the tide was not continuous,
but was checked. Perhaps the general
hard times, prevailing everywhere in
connection witlt agriculture, has had
something to do with tho ebbing of our
tide of immigration. Certainly the
country U not nearly fillod up and much
of tho best of it all letnalm unsettled.
A new country often leas iuduccmonU
for sott'ers at a time when all products
are so low that agriculture offers fewl
prizes. Those who aro settled in the
Upper Country have direct interest in
its being fully occupied by an industri
ous population. It would seem both
natural and proper for such to interest
themselves in securing settlement of
tho country around thorn. Thoy may
rest assured that a country fully settled
can Bunnort schools nnd havo better
privileges of alt kinds than itenn possess
when only partially settled upon. Tho
prior settlors can do much to Bccuro tho
right sort of neighbors if they will in
terest thomsclvcs in showing dosirnblo
pooplo among immigrants where good
claims can bo taken up.
NEW SCHOOL BOOKS.
Wo aro informed tbnt tbo enterprising
firm of Bancroft & Co. havo prepared
nnd issue! a now set of text-books for
common schools. That is not all : this
firm's enterprise consists ns much in
managing to introduco their books ns in
manufacturing them. Thoir agents go
through n Stato and " fix" ovory county
ns cleverly as such things can bo done.
County superintendents becomo nwaro
that groat improvement has been made,
nnd that our schools should keep up with
tho timos. Tho newspapers will bo mndo
to comprobond that tho world moves
somo of them though wo rejoice to bco
that tho Stnto journals aro many of
them taking strong nnd scnsiblo ground
in tills connection. What seems surpris
ing to us is that common schools cannot
get along to-day with far bettor appli
ances than tho most learned colleges had
when wo wore young. Only a few years
ago very few wo bad this school-book
mattor up, nnd now text-books wcro or
dered nnd purchased. Already tbo
schools need improved books. It is ne
cessary to have now books nt least cvory
five years, so it seoms. Making nnd lob
bying school-books is becoming a learned
profession, especially tbo lobbying part.
In this connection, wo woudorhow tbo
world got along half a century ago.
About that timo wo studied Nonh Wob
stor's spo! ling-book, and thoso of tie who
learned to road and spoil in tho good old
spellers of that timo inanngo to hold our
own yet as manipulators of language. Ac
cording to present programmos, there
should have bcon ten now issues of
school-books in the primary department
einco wo commonccd learning to read in
that red school-houso in old Connecticut
Thou tho great unlvorsitics gathered re
cruits from tho country school-houses.
All tho learning of tbo early part of our
century was basod, on tho old spoilers
and rendors, and tbo nrt of reading
hasn't so wonderfully improved as thoso
modern tcuchora and book-makors mako
boliovo.
Wo boliovo in progress, and hopo all
tho talent attainable will bo engaged in
perfecting tbo common-school system,
but it is hardly possiblo thnt wo need to
havo now text-books ground out ns by
machinory ovcry fow yoars. Without
jesting, wo ask, what great improvement
has been mado in tho rudimentary looks
for schools during tho last ten years?
How camo it that tho world turned out
such scholars centuries ngo? Wo who
nro over fifty years old hnvo somo of us
learned tho good old mother-tongue fair
ly well, without luring tbo now text
books to go by, and wo cannot seo why
now ones nro needed so ofton.
Jjactiy, aim not icni ny any means,
fanners, whoso children fill tho public
schools, haven't money to spare to en
courage speculation oven in school
books. Times aro too bard, and money
too scarce, to talk alout expending it
whoro it is not nbsolutoly and impera
tively neeessnry. Ho, in view of tbo
financial condition of the farming woild,
wo relegate tho school-book question to
somo timo in tho dim and distant fu
ture.
Tho law, however, leaves this question,
onco in a few years, to lw decided by tho
action of tho county school superintend
onts, who select books for the ensuing
term. The timo for selecting for tho
ensuing term is closo at baud, and peo
ple who havo to pay for schooling their
children aro apprehensive lest they shall
bo called on to buy a now set of books.
To put them to such cxponso will bo an
outrage, during thoso hard timo, that
they will not forgivo. Wo cannot bo
liovo. that the county
tendents will tuko any
add to burdens that
school superin
action that can
aro already too
grievous to bo borne.
There bus not
been n timo in over twenty years when
all property was worth so little, and all
tho people were so embarrassed for
want of means.
HOW AND WHEN TO SPREAD MANURE.
Connecticut farmers plow land, then
spread on manure and harrow it in.
This ii probably a good plan, as being
covered with dirt, tho virtues of tho
fertilizer aro preserved when they are
needed. Many supposo that vnluablo
qualities, such as amonin, especially, aro
dissipated and wasted by exposnro but
o'd and experienced farmers assert that
Btich is not tho caso. Tho subject wns.
lately suggostcd to tho Elmira Farmor'n
Club, and called out tho following
editonal note from Husbandman.
In nnswor to to tho following cor
respondent. New York, May 29, 1834.
I find most men in Connecticut spread
their manure on land after it is plowed,
and harrow it in ns woll ns they can. It
lies there oxpewed for many days before
it is even partially covered by tho pro
cess 01 Harrowing. I should like tno
opinion of your Club ns to tho pro
portions of loss of manure thus exposed
to tho elements for days and cvon weeks.
It cortninly must bo great.
A. B. YF,TTEn.
This correspondent need havo no fenr
that tho vnluablo properties of stablo
manure will bo dissipated by exposure.
If tbo manure bo sprend on tho land
and at onco harrowed in, a vory Blight
enrth covering protects it, for oartlt is
tbo best possiblo absorbent of gasscs thnt
enter into the composition of plants. Of
courso if tho manure bo left on tho sur
faco exposed to tbo sun, thoro will bo
somo waste, but ninny persons insist that
even undor this condition tbo wasto isn't
grcnt. In prncticc, however, farmers
aro forced to tho conclusion that long
exposure to tho drying sun results in
matorial loss. Tho fault in tho caso re
ported is, in leaving tho manuro "many
days before it is oven partially covered
by tho process of harrowing ;" but much
will depend on tbo character of tbo
season and tho weather at tho timo of
spreading tho manure. If tho work bo
dono in autumn, loss will bo very slight,
but it in spring it will bo greater.
COMMERCIAL INTERdRITY.
Tho foundation for permanent buccoss
in business lifo has its corner stono in
tho caption heading this article. .As this
is truo of the merchant, equally so
is it with the farmer, mechanic and
ovcry other citizen. How ofton do wo
find men willing to mako promises to
meet pecuniary obligations assumed
when thoy have only a remote possi
bility of doing sn. Mnny net thought
lessly and wi'.h no intention of deceiv
ing, yet if thoy would but reflect, by bo
doing, thoy not only imperil their
chances for future success, but also, per
haps, involvo tbo holder of tho obli
gation in their downfall. If this subject
wcro deeply pondered by ovory young
man starting on bis business career in
life, nnd tbo width nnd far-reaching
depth of its importanco mado plain to
him, ho would plant himself firmly upon
solid ground. Ho would novor embark
in speculations on borrowed capital. Ho
would likely bo slower in tbo attainment
of wealth, but whon it came, ho would
retain nnd enjoy it. Look nround upon
tho prosperous nnd contented men of
your own locality and you will find iu
variably, among thoso who havo secured
a competency by their own efforts and
who havo retained thoir accumulations,
mou that havo strictly adhorcd to com
mercial integrity. Their promises wcro
not idly given, nnd when given, wero in
var ably met. If a looso system of
promises only nflectcd tho party making
them, tho harm would perhaps not bo
greatly injurious to u community, but Hb
cllbcta rarely end there. Tho fnrmor
promises his merchant to pay for sup
plies received by n certain day, tho mer
chant on this promises pledges to tho
manufacturer to pay him at a certain
time, nnd ho in turn expects to pay tho
producor of tho material nnd his factory
laborers. Each nnd ovory ono of theso
is injured by tho failure of tho nrginal
promiso maker. Tho merchant has his
recourso in charging paying customers
higher prices nnd tho community is
damaged proportionately by tho class who
promiso to pay without probablo mentis
of doing so. This wo think a good sub
ject for Gnuigo discussion.
A bright jewel in Lifo's diadem is
Truth and when it is tampered with in
tbo Commercial world, disasters nnd
dangers follow.
Sunshine In Btablei.
Is your stablo light and cheerful, or
dark and dismal? "It is pleasant to bo-
hold tho sun." There is no cruder
punishment than to bo immured in a
dark dungeon. This should bo thought
of whou arranging stables and pens for
farm animals, but it appears to bo too of
ten lost sight of, and stables for both
horses and cattle are too dark for tbo
rvell-being of the animals. The eyes of
horses are not infrequently injured by
being kept in dark stables. Our houses
as a rule are much better lighted than
our stables, yet wo all know how un
comfortable it is to go out of a lighted
house into the glare of sun-light it there
is snow on the ground. The effect is
even worse on our horses and cows
which aro generally kept in much
Urker places than we aro ourselves.
Aside from any special effect on tho eyes,
iignt ana sunsntno in sublos are ol vast
importance to the general health mti
Umft of farm stock, awl they she
BHIU
nlways bo constructed with a view to
admitting as much ns possiblo of both.
In old barns nnd stables whoro the
stock quartors arc dark (and where thoy
aro durk thoy nro usually damp) it will
bo a good idea to put in somo now
windows to admit licht and stinshino
into them. Tho present is a good timo
to nttend to this, nrd tho considerate
person will seo to it.
Shape of tho Horse's Back.
Tho London Livo Stock Journal, in nn
nrtlclo relating to tho tho selection of n
horeo for tho work bo is expected to per
form, aftor shiting tbo results of mnny
observations on horsce, remarks that it is
tho arch of a bridue. which from Its
structure, can bonr weight placed upon
it, whereas, an inverted arch would fall
to pieces, or would withstand a far less
pressure. It has bcon observed that
lowbacked, or rather hollow-backed
horscjj working in harness, kept thoir
condition, while thoso with high backs
lost flesh. Persons not very inquiring or
observant dispositions would probably
nttributo this to tbo fact that tho former
wcro of more hardy constitution than
tho latter, but this would bo a falso con
clusion. It is owing ontircly to tho
curvntnro of tho back, for a horso which
can draw a weight was least ablo to bear
a woigbt upon its back, while tho horso
unablo to bear tho strain of draft could
beat tho othor any day in carrying a
weight. Tbo lino of tho vcrlcbrro In
dicates tho sort of work for which tho
horso is fitted. If it is high tho weight
must bo on tho top to press It together j
If low, tho pressure must bo from below
for tho Bntuo reason. A downward
curvature is, thorofore, tho best form of
spino for a drnft horso.
Farmors about Chcnoy arc busy sow
ing wncau xuo recont rains wore a lino
thing for tho grain now bolng sown. Tho
rains thoroughly laid tho dust and put
tho ground in oxccllont condition for
plowing nnd seeding, ns well ns putting
tlio roads in good shape for tbo market
ing of grain.
JNO. GRAN & GO.
Portland, Oregon.
Buyors who npprcciato
correct styles and lino work
manship will do well to
visit our
CLOAK ROOM.
Our stock is now in, nnd
wo nro constantly adding
now novoltics ns they come
out in tho East.
Thcso r.nd nil our good
aro purchased at first hand,
no middlo men sharing tho
profit with our customers.
In Jersey Juckctu.
Jersey Ulsters,
PLAIN AND BRAIDED
Raglans,
Nov Markets,
Soal Plushes,
PLAIN AND BEAVER TRIUitED.
ep'.'CmJ
D. W. PRENTIGE,
LEADING
-WHOLESALE AND RETAIL..,,
WEBER,
PRENTICE and
CHICKERING.
PIANOS,
Estey and Western Cot
tage Organs.
VIOLINS AND GUITARS !
And all alnda of Mutlcal liiitruiucntatnpplled
to ordrr.
Sheet Music and Books
An J ererythln ptrtalnlnj to a FIRST-CLASS MUSIC
STORE. Th Largett Stock. Ut.t GooJa and Lovca
Price, tlntrn by Mall llllrd "lib sral
rare. AdJicaa:
D. W. PRENTICE,
sepS6m2 Portland, Oregon.
FOR SALE I
BY S. M. GAIXEK, SCIO, OREUO.V.
Pure Breeds of Poultry
No. 1 Plymouth Rock
Cockerels & Pullets
TE LEQI10BN Cocker,!, . Two BROWK
LEQnORK Cockerel.: Tlire LANCSIIANSCockircJi:
Oat fine SILVER Sl'ANOLCD IIAMSL'RO Cock; Ten
o GOLD SPANOLED PHEASANTS or Uainbure
PulltU, all lor Tw, Ballara Kath. octUU
Sick headtch. habitual coatltencn. nalna In kuV
at ! llrwald Iaa. a .hndllla l 4 I..A. ,L mte. a ..-. t aB.
uoutha etc, tatlrtlj cured bj th um of
Music Dealer,
Four Win