WILLAMETTE FARMER: SA.LEM, OREGON, OCTOBER 24 1884.
jjtodt.
Tho Color Marks of Borkslilrca.
Tho Horksbiro ib a blnclc hog, with
whito on tlio foot, fnco, tip of tail, mid,
as tho Htundunl iiIIowh, iui occnsional
flplash on tho arm. Although those
murks nro nlmoU ossontiiil to tho Uerk
shiro?, thoy call for but four points of
tho poatiblo ono hundred. It is object
ed to by EOino that four points nro not
onough to nil for tho primo marks that
assist to distinguish tho Uorkshiro, for
such marks mo his badges of purity,
and nro tho strongest evidences of his
breeding; but wo think diu"oiontly and
commend the wifdom that allows only
four points to tho color marks, which
really have nothing to do with tho actual
morils of tho animal, but servo as dis
tinguishing signs, which only servo it
partial purpose. Do nwny with tho
whito marks, and stilt any practical suino
breeder enn easily judge of tho firm and
gonoral make-up of tho Ili'rk-hiio, as it
has certainly meritorious eharncterislics
not perceptible in any other breed. As
it Inn been bred truo to tho whito spob?,
so has it been bred for utility and profit.
Tho standard is very liberal, for it allows
an "occasional siilash on the arm," and
takes away the points from tho marks of
color and places them where they will
call for tho breeding for excellence.
Dividing tho four points into wixtlin, to
accord with the six locations, only two
thirds of a point is allowed to each, and
a recont writer, commenting on this
fact, Hays that n black tail would dis
qualify a licrkshlro loss than one point,
and that it is evident that tho makers of
(ho standard never intended il to bo ap
plied In this way, and that tho true ap
plication must be not to reckon tho color
points scpcrately, but as a whole. This
plan cuts a hog at least three points for
any of tho defects. Although but four
points are allowed, tho markings of the
Jtorkshircs nro porfect, and in tho effort
to perpetuate the color marks thero is no
necessity for a selection so rigid as to
a fleet any of the useful finalities. Wo
are willing to agrco that a llerkshire
not posseting tlio white marks should
bo disqualified, for wo must havo external
signs for lodgment, but thoy havo been
maintained by giving thorn only four
points. Hogs nro not bred for exhibition,
but for the pork barrel, and while the
farmers of the standard havo wisely
made it imperative that color marks be
adhered to, yet they have taken greater
pains with (ho hog for what he should
ho, and to-day the breed is better than
ovor, brooding truor, ami improvoi all
othors upon which is crossed. With only
four points allowed for marks, it is difli
cult to find a Berkshire without them.
In fact, it is nn oft repeated maxim that
"all Herkshires aro alike." Uniformity,
quality iiid general characteristics are
deeply fixed and lasting,-thauks to tho
farmors of tho standard. Ex.
innres up to tho tho standard described
the object is to point out what is do
sirnblo in n maro, bo that when an oppor
tunity to change oflers, suitabloi mnres
can bo provided to replace objectionable
ones. Exchange.
Castrating and Spaying.
In most rural communities, there nro
person's who make n business of attend
ing to such matters for farmers, for a
small sum Jpcr head, nnd it is better to
hnvo such person do it, ns ho is experien
ced, than to attempt to do it yourself, in
most cases. It is well, however, to J
know how it should be dono, and many
farmers understand it and do all such
work themselves. With hordes, it is best
to havo a professional castrate tho colts,
ns it is often a nice mattor to do it
properly, though with swino, etc., tho
work is not ililliciilt. Whore pigs aro
reared for slaughter, it is best to castrate
the males nnd spay tho sows at an early
nge, as thoy grow much bettor, nro
qtiiotir and iet'or f olo b ami tho Ileth
is a considnrablu impiovemont. Wo
always have th porkers intended for our
own uso treated in this way, nnd would
ndviso others to try it. Of courso nil tho
boars intended for killing aro nro castrat
ed, yet but few sows aro spayed. Tho
benefit is almost as decided in tho latter
caso as iu tho former.
Bjrrup ot Hss.
Nature's own true laxative. I'leoxant to tho
ntlato, acceptable to the stomach, harmless in
its nature, palulesn in it, action. Cures hab
itual conjtip.tion. Iiilliousnrss, indigestion
and kindred ills. Cliansts the system, puri
fies the blood, reeulite the liver and acts on
tho bowels. Break i up co'dr, chills and fevers
oto. strongmen tho organs on wmen it acts.
Rotter than hitter, nauswoua liver mtdlcine,
pllli, salts nnd draughts Hiniplo bottle free,
and Urge bottles for tatc !y all druggiits. tf
Fairs as Educators
Solectlon of Brood Mares
A correspondent of an English paper
gives tho following sonsiblo advico to
purchasers of brood marcs: Thoy
should commenco their inspection at
tho ground and work upward. This is
a good plan, ns romotimes a buyer is at
tracted by a showy-(opped animal, with
a Hue symmetric.il outline, and is so
fascinated that ho neglects the more im
portant points the feet nnd legs. A
brood maro should bo young nnd vigorous;
her constitution not impnrod by con
tinuous years of excessive toil and hard
feeding. Worn-out mares are not suit
able to breed from. Mares should havo
good, tough, open feet, the pasterns
stioug, but not too perpendioular. Tho
cannon bono should bo shoit, llat, and
broad from tho side-view, with a llnitv
appearance. Tho hcks and knees broad",
tho latter from the front and the former
from a side, view ; thighs and arms big
and muscular. She should pos.vs a gol
chest mid cent, with a okun-cut headj
tho eyes liely, indicating docility and
pluck; the neck fairly long ami n't well
into the xhouMeiv, which should not bo
upright but slanting. fcho should not Iks
short-backed a maro with length and
room about her usually breeds tho
largest and bejt foals. Tho ribs bhould
bo woll sprung front tho hack-bone, and
deep Itoth beforo and back, tho quarters
long and drooping behind. Thoy should
bo broad on top. (ail well set on and
loins well arched ; but above all, it is
Cfhcntlnl die. eboulil bo sound. Xo maro
should bo broil from that is a roarer or
broken-winded, or has his side or ring
Ihiiios, log or bono spavins, week feet,
badly nhaped hocks, or calf-knees.
Another matter which requires attention
is tho animal's temper, tho offspring
often taking the temper ot tho dam.
Tho iniorUnee, therefore, of selecting a
quiet-tempered maro of sound consti
tution lor breeding purpa-es is apparent,
and though last not least, umaro should
go straight and square in her action, as
it is nccensary in all ca.cs, for whatever
inn pose they aro Used, that marcs should
Itavo a good walking and trotting action.
It is next to imposfiblo to get a hor.o
possessing as many good qualities and as
few bad oti04 ns one would wuh, but it
is well to remember that a mnro should
be five from all hereditary diseases to ho
buitablo for breeding purposes. It would,
therefore, bo well to have tho opinion of
a veterinary surgeon iu to tho porfect
touudncss of a maro intended for tho
stud. Of course, it is not intended that
breedor should only put to tho stud
rarniors havo not as cordially devoted
themselves to tho success of annual fairs
as their importance demands. The local
annual fair is tho farmer's homo school,
and should teach a valuable, practical
lesson. Tho fair should bo expected to
bring together tho best cvidenco of tho
advancement of agriculture in the (lis
trict. If tho farmers iu (he district, re
presented by tho annual fair, entered
into it as a mattor of personal interest,
compoting whenever nn opportunity
ollercd, offering prizes In nil thoso de
partments most requiring improvement,
stimulating a lively rivalry, such en
thusiasm would produce most unexpect
ed progress, and soon give the fair a
wide reputation.
Tho fair is capable of being organized
into a most instructive school iu any or
all departments ot agriculture. Lot us
suppose that cattle feeding for beef is
nu iiiiportiint industry in tho district.
Now this business, by some, is supposed
to bo woll understood by farmors, ami
thoy aro hardly awaro that anything ic
mains to bo learned about it; but when
you meet ono who holds that opinion,
just ask him what it costs, accurately,
to raipo a thrifty steer tho tlrst twelve
months. Ho can do nothing more than
give a guess nt it. As he docs not know
tho cost of tho steer, ho docs not know
whether it is kept at a prollt or loss ; this
is tho precifo stato of agricultural
knowledge upon this matter. Hut n
proper management of tho fnir will soon
produce accurate knowledge on this
question. I-ct $10 bo offered for tho best
two-year-old, and if20 for tho best yoar
ling, and half the amount to tho second
host, with a (till account of nil tho food
given in separate periods of six months,
making it easy, to determine the real
cost ot tho animal ; this will not only
render it easy to figure tho cost of tho
animal nt ono nnd two years old, but it
will show another important fact, tho
cost ot keeping at different ages. This
point would bo of tho greatest conso
qtienco to tho old-fashioned farmers,
wholmvo been wont to consider beef
under threo to four years old ns of vory
inferior valtto, mid who hnvo never dis
covered that their steers do not pay
thoir keeping in gain after thoy nro two
years old. This test in actual feeding
will show them that tho younger the
animal tho less it costs to put on n
hundred pounds livo weight that it
bikes less food the tlrst six mouths thuu
second, loss tho second than the third,
and less tho third than tho fourth six
months, ami so on; ami vhon this law is
thoroughly understood, tho beof-pro-ducer
will govern himself nccordingly.
Tho fair is tho practical school to
tench such principles. Kvcry priz
offered should bo for tho illustration of
some important point in agricultural
practice; and as tuofcedimrof livo stock
absorbs more of tho capital and time of
tho farmor than any other seeialty, so
it should occupy a ery prominent
position at all our local fairs, ami tho
prizes should bo given to illustrate in a
practical way all tho live-stock specialties.
All breeds of cattle should be encourag
ed alike, for each breed has special quai
Mentions, adapting it to certain localities.
All matters in farm practice should bo
illustrated at our fairs, nnd every fanner
should regard it as his duty to assist in
building upthe.-e local fairs. Ltvo-Stock
Journal.
New Mexico is forging to tho from
with ti no cattle. From our advices wo
should say that 1,500 thoroughbreds and
11,000 grado bulls had been taken into
tho territory the present season. In these
the Shorthorns greatly predominated.
Tho Albauy hand and Cattle Company,
with a capital of $5,000,000, has inst
boon incorporated at Laramio City. Tho
stock of tho company is understood to
bo taken largoly iu Europe.
NOTICE TO FARMERS,
And all Intorrutod In Fruit Drying.
JOJLK JiRUSU X- SON,
ALBANY, : t t OREGON
Manudcture to order
OLVAMZEO WIRE CLOTH
I'ueTrny mill J'rnlt Drier.
NOTICE
AL0
"VRDBIIS FILLED O.V fillUUT
f make w order
MOir.X Mini: MAiTltlNhl, nlth or without
tightener.
l'i:itlOttATi:i ZINC Inr Fannlnr llllli, a at
kinds of VtlUi:t'LOIII
OREGON WIRE WORKS,
JullS-3m A til 1V, Orrjjnn.
FURNITURE, FURNITURE,
Z. F. POWERS,
FURNITURE MANUFACTURER!
-Dealer in-
Carpets, Oil Cloths, Wall Paper & Upholstery,
ISIAU DILLON & SONS I LEVI DILLON A SON.
IMPOUTKIISAND IUIKKOKHS OF
NORMAN HORSES !
(Formerly ot firm of K. Dillon A. Co )
NEW IMPORTATION
Arrived In fine condition June IS, 1CSI. Ilaionowa
hriro collection of choice animate.
nTAIiLI'.H ANI lll'.UMH UtTDUH Lflf'AT
Hit AT Ml It MA I.,
Opponlto tlio Illinois Central and Clilrnjo and Alton
l)eote. Street can run from the Lako Er o ft Writ'
tru and Indianapolis, lllootuliiKlon a'M Western Do.
H3t. In nioomlngtoii, direct to our stahli In Normal.
Addrraa :
DILLON BROS., Normal, 111
scpllmS
Words Fail.
Of all kind. A large and iclcct itock of
I'nrlor and (Jliumhcr Sc(.s
Of Oregon and E.U crn Manufacture; Ottlce and echoot
furniture of all varieties.
School Dcalcs a Specialty.
Ware Hoonn No. 183 and 1IH Flrtt itrcet, between
Yamhill and Jlorrlion itrcet.
rptie Hrniml llmiil Hlnroof t. K. l'oweri, UUly
X on tkcond and SIorrlon atrcoUi ( now perman
ently locnto 1 at 191 Front alrect. lie tw ecu Ta;lor and
Yamhill ttreet, connecting wltli hie ilore on Flrit
atrcct, Hhcre tho Highlit l'rlco Is tld for Huue.liohl
Furniture.
Hnoclal tccominoilttloni for rtlci mIiKIiij to store
furnltuteor houieliold goods.
l'artl- Intemllnir to furnish rooms, duelling, or
hotels, aro InWtwl to Address for further urtlculari as
to dticrlptlons and prices.
oirViaits
188 and 100 First, and I'M Front Street, Portland, Or.
rpnitf
PRICE OF WHEAT IN JANUARY I
Owing to the recent reduction in the prices of
WALTHAIVT WATCHES
by the Manufacturers and on account of the Low Price of
Wheat, we will sell any grade of this Watch (in which
line we are overstocked) at prices that will pay you to
go out of your way to purchase. Prices this week.
sTrTlirao Prlrr only I'lifll lil Klnck la llnnr.
Stem ttlndlwr Ihrtletu 4 ot, Oni, fiilvtr Cue iiim
Sam, Key-Wlndlnir , 2160
For 8 nnd 0 OS cases a i1hto. Undtr certain condition Warranto I for S jeara."
J 1. JCoJJOWJSLL, Salem, Orc(on.
"Words fall to
eiprcss my grati
tude," says Mr.
SRLtir OAirrr.n, of NmUyIUc, Teuu., "for
the benefits dorlreU from
Ayer's Sarsaparilla.
Hiring boon Aflllctnl nil my life with ScroC
uln, my system seemed saturated 1th It, It
came out Iu lllotclics, Ulcora, nml Mattery
Horrs, kit orer my body." Mr. Carter state
that ho iu entirely curcl by tbo use of
Arcii'4 BAiMAi-AitiLLA, and since illscon
tlnuliiK IU use, eight month dgo, he luu ha4
do return ot tho scrofulous sytnjitoms.
All baneful Infection! of tho blood art
promptly remoreJ by this unequalled alter-
tire.
mxrAriED nr
Dr.J.C.AyordCoLowoIljMass.
Sold by all DraggtsUi II, ttz bottle for 13.
Buetlen' Arnica Salve.
The Inist Slve in the world lorJuU,ltrui
o. Soree, Ulcer. Salt ltheum. Fever Sore.
Tetter, Chapped Hamls, Chllblaius, Corn ami
an auiuf.ruptiom, sua po4iuveiycura File,
or no pay required. It it guarantee! to gWo
aatttfactiou, or money refunded) Pnca A5o
ixr box. For ulo by Port & So-, ly
Wfi
JBVV
V ji
JWrini
jT U nlnluar liar Knife tocut a Inadot Clluy
IrJ CJiiiTlUyiifowttoua,ni a to Jltcli 00"
fy?"". IhUU Till. liNII'Hwhfcht'Mla
IX truant II uy ruadUy, Mauufact'd only by
TOE
LIGHTNING
HAY KNIFE
11 TUB
BEST
KNIFE IN THE WORLD!
or
To Cut II A V A- hTKAW
rum im Alow, Biam,
To t'Mt
r n
nil.
miiillK. Into nu riv.1
fr
llmult,
I I'llll
(Al.llll ll.W
NMTAI.ICS
I I1A. ur
rrauriiii.i t ". iu
ilS 'i
li
ThCui i:sii.tii:rrin
to nu rii.vi , aun
.(Mo. To rot ri:.T. aui
Dllrlilnu In Hon anil .lien
utlluir on
ili, m. werluu g w rootii and
uumi nvta an iiilii
tliruiwli. reaillly. rrmrrluvtur
any cf tula uotk to ito, lionlil imt
Mliumii a uvniuiUK nay uuilt,,
I would uot. alUr an liour'a trial,
uorr4.orcow.il uut
rnrrn
'I lSiaBllllkBaSteMtkr- ,
''ISSsBK.P
("HOW TtfTELL'THE APE OF A HORSE."
V w A Fookat Manual of Oreat Value.
Written hyrnOP. IIEA11D, n Jfcmber of tbo Itoyal Colleiro
, of Votcrlonry Burgeons. London, nnd ono of tbo 1'rolw
' or ot tbo Kerr Vorlc Collcgo of Votorlnary Burgoons.
Tbo Importance of knowing how to tell tbo ago of a horse by an
examination ot hi troth, cannot ho orortttlnutctl by tlioso rrbo
hate occasion to 11UV laORHlSH. 6urh knowledfo Is
VALUAIIMC nltk In thn irnrtuir. at orolififif iin.1
Mcctinnlc. and mar often sure numudoQur to ltitxnaaar.
Dy a study ot tbls book, all may learn In a abort tlma to become ex
perts. Xngrartng aro gtrcn showing the shape of tbo tcetb front
(ho ago oCTnto atA n Hnlfvenra up to Twunty
Veiirn. Tho TRICKH or horaA trailrr nhn Iloelnr.
Dp tho teeth of OLD KORHICH to make tbcm LOOK
Vl)rao, ana thus deeelTi) purchaser, aro fully ItXl'OBVU.
and tlio matter oxplalnod to clearly that do ona need bo cheated.
TbU 1 tbe most practical book of tho kind orer published. There
liaobiptor also on Hone character, or UowtoTeU the
Disposition of a Bona t whether Klun ana cjciiiic, or
VIclanM and t'nrellntalc. Hound In extra cloth, with Ink aide) stamp. iTlco Wccnt.. Dent by
Ot'Cfon.
inall on receipt ot tbli amount in postage itampi or cthorwUo. Address,
Willamette Karma; Salem,
OEO. A. MOO UK, President.
J. N. PATTO.V, Secretary.
Pacific Mutual Life Ins. Co'y
OF CALIFORNIA.
A NcKINNIE Manager for Northwest Department.
OFFICE WITH PORTLAND SAVINGS BANK.
Incorporated Under the Luwh or California, and Is to-Day the
Strongest Life Insurance- Co. iu Amer ca.
REKFKIlE.SCK'j
Company :
TO MK.N I.N r0UTLA.V) WHO HAVE 110,000 ,l.V8URANCK EACH IN TIII8
3. a. STiiowiminaK, j
L. 0. llVIIICIISrlS,
JAMK.S HTKKU
a A. IlOLl'll,
J. k. uirx,
V. ZANOVICII
K. A. KI.03TE11MAN
Cou J. tlcCKAKK,
W. W. ol'AULDlNU
I'. L. WILLIK,
J.D. JUKINNON,
XI. ZANOVICII
B. nunitELL.
C. M. wniK.no,
Da.OKO. K.NOTTAOR,
ANDItEW IIOUEUTB.
J 03. UUIIKIIAIIOT,
ap'iOmJ
CLOSING OUT FOR BARGAINS !
CAltItM.KS,
A LA HOE STOCK Of
ItUGGIES, OICEfJON HACKS,
WAGONS, PUTNAM CARTS,
tiXPKUSS
If tiiiiftiHimiiV
y V(H)tofutt JJxUtnluflUy
M or Biaclt. il
.IU IkI
ixti.ir, to tntjr0 Jktyjrvm ikt riUtf
tli ton, w hero U Ulr
(Aj MMi or ftdrX. luitei4f of iiltchlnr f mm
ninkfun ana lonJUnr
HIRAM HOLT & CO.foUte
TAKU K. IIUNLIIYS
Dandelion.
Tonic I
...A 6eiitain cube rou....
Malaria, Indirection, Dyupcpaia,
Loaa of Appotlto, Norvonanoas,
Gonoral Doblllty,
Through over-oik. and all dUorder of the Stomach
uitr.
the Tear hen
: the Sprtnff
and Uitr. Tlds is lu.l the leasoo cl
Ilia Tonla la of IneatluKtla tlua. Ourlnir
ajid Summer month ilalarl I prevalent and on feels
languid and droy and Ueproed vlthoul kuowlng
h)'. The S) strut need toninir and Int U-oratlne
Nothing Is so ettectuil a lltUL'd DANDELION
TONIC Am jour druroist for a bottle, and take
nothing .Im. UAMtlXlOV TOMI to.,
Ur6m l-OUTLAND, OHLGOK.
BLYMER MF'G COMPANY
ZIMERMAN FRUIT DRIERS,
Victor SorghumS Sugar Mills.
JAMES LINFORTH,
General Ageut Tor tho Pacific Coast,
a MAIS STREET, SAX riUNCISCO,
Illustrated CaUlrue and our Sugar Hand Book, a
valuable trMtUe on sufir rane and treatment ot stun
il Juice. Mnl fr on amdloatiou
-."i .. .j.
uauuevue rstiueaire. aid
I'lMHtUteohTen
atao aak for Pilots dslUertvl
at )our aeareat railroad point, either from Facioo" or
Saa Yranvitoo. auctoni
TRUCKS AND DRAYS,
milE LAUOEST AND BEST 8T0CK EVEll OKFEHEt IN rOItTLAND.-THE BEST WnitK
X lest moiie). Ti:U)IS..l'aCi or Aiiprinril Rote,
If )0U nt an) llilnjf Iu thl Hue on can Kt a baryaln by calllnir, or aendlut; for prire catalr-ve to
FOIl THE
aprltf
17BT-
OtBre Corner of Madison and Front Stre
Portland, Ore(on, Lock P. 0. box oS.
SEEDSMEN AND NURSERYMEN !
AND DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF
Ornamental, Shade and Fruit Trees!
Red,
...... HAVE A rilESIl SUPPLY OF .. .
Wliitu anil Alsiko Clover Seed ;
KiitrUsli, Freiich and Italian Ityo rass :
Orchard Grass and Johnson .rass;
Mcsqiiitf, Allallu and Kcd Top ;
Timothy. Vetches and Oat Crass;
Kakhard and Honey Clover.
A LS 0
IMPROVED VARIETIES OF ORAIN FOR SUllU.N'fi. KYE. WELCOME OATS, ROVAL AUSTRALIAN
Wheat. Older, filled for ill arletles kion .1 SUrul.l.rrr mid Ktcrurreu. Orderi for
.urr) Stock of all kinds fltl.d proivptl and at LOWEST CASH RATES "rBrcr"', 3.order lor
spl0!3 Aiditw MILLr.U KltOii., WJ Second street, Portland, Oregon,
Wo nukle frum the In nulrml i!iiu..t ll,r7r
- - -- - - ' - .w.n.a... ..n Mr ..a
lor J'nlrylvootl!, Uatftroiuuklior tretuifaauJ iJiniJiH.
I ty. LwtMiM icwar cen of thrtr ihiiUiJirT. k.u .v
tacnirrr ci tiiriu; iiuirutM lartory tliunu llafcou'ii
lna Ilnftitk- lA.L-a. 1 rH "..Jl V.T '. ,,U
ii tfn..V. iY..'"i:Lr .!" ;.t"L?5S. un" .unrt.
1.A "":; "iai vMHiusin-um i nik,iiOaxrorr.pii?.
ilm mitmllv I kurn tit lakn ,.nu - ..71" "rr,ri,
Vii" .".. : ..mvsishiii.- wui-ri nr linrn ha
nrnc.- ah pit wnuiuxi rxmrtlr a txivvvcntM Ti VnTn
COBJflSH, CmTIS & GREElFort XtMrSo
son,
fiend for
CotalOBua
ia
Prioaa. jjjjj
ATLAS
ENGINE
WORKS
inuiinjruuB. IF1U., U, 5 A
STEAM ENEIHES& BOILERS,
CIT Ealtaad Boilers la Stock
iw lauMsiaie stntcri.
'
,4
mssUsjU