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VOL. XVI.
onU0ttilencif.
Letter from Lane County.
Oaiu'Us ritAiitn:, Sept. 0, 1881.
Editor Willamctto Farmer:
The nbovo named prairio lies nbout
soven, miles soutli of Cottngo Qrovo.
It commenced ruining Iicro n week ngO
to-night, and tlioro him been but two
days- sinco that (ho headers CQtild nin.
Thoro'hns been no grain threshed in
this immediate vicinity yot. Tho grain
has, n part of it, been stacked, a part of
it shocked and capped, a pntt shocked
and not enppod, and a part is Htill Blind
ing, or rather inclining, wailing for
tho header. That which is stacked or
shocked well is all right,, but thcro is
very littlo in that condition, Unit which
is is poorly Mucked being badlyrvot and
sprouted. That which, is still standing
is injvery good condition yet, and fpr'u
few days, nnd will savo nil right if it
should dry off long onough then to savo
it. Hut that which is badly shocked is
in n bad condition. I lmvo just bcon
looking at a picco of 70 acres of lino
sido oats belonging to a neighbor, which
is woll shocked but not capped. Thoy
nro fully ono half sprouted and aro lia-
bio to almost a total loss, as it is warm
and raining slowly. Tho loss in this
neighborhood will bo suflloiont to lmvo
paid all tho harvcht expense, which"
could all liavo boon dono in tho dry
weather that wo lmvo had, it tho neigh
borhood had boon united with ono
twolvcvfoot header and u, thrcshon $n
stead of that they havoun two March
, harvester?, two ro.ip.ora and ono wlro,
binder, mid oxpoet, to finish with a
header. Oats aro heavy, but wheal ia
. only nvernge. I lmvo tw'o needling
npplo trees, of which I sent you a.8uro
plo.of fruit (but it miscarried) last year,
and In toiulto semicoma ngain thia year.
Thoy nrq ho finest apples at this time
of year that I ever tawM Alwut all tho
difference that I can discover in them
is that ono comes in just as tho .'other is
going out. Thoy aro jjearly round, aro
very smooth, ami ,bavo a wnidl 'c6rd;
nlsO slightly sdjur.vcry brittlo, an)l ab6ui
tho sizo of tho Pound I'ipin. Yours, etc.,
J. T. Taylor.
Xotk Mr. Taylor sonds us a box
containing samplo of npplos. Thoy aro
of large, size exceptionally bo-antl of
lino flavor. Throughout tho Willaraotto
valley thcro aro many excellent locations
for fruit growing. But just now apples
do not pay well, but wo predict ' that be
fore many years thoy will bo;u mdre,
demand. llnrrou.
Answer to ''A Growl In the Grance."
Was'iiouo.u, W. T., Sept. 13, 1881.
Editor Willamette Farmer.
Your paper of September 12th con
tains an articlo undor tho hoading of "A
Growl in tho Orange," whloh tends to
givo tho Grange a bad namo among your
loadors who nro not members of tho or
der, and therefore not posted as to our
business matter j becauso of such read
ers, I mako tho following explanation ;
Tho insuranco papors would probably
lmvo been out in Juno as promised had
not tho copy gent for printing as prom
ised been lost in tho mail. Tho details of
tho loss and necessary delay, concern only
tho niombers of tho order and will reach
them through tho proper channel. I
much regret that my estoemed friend
and worthy brother should thus publicly
mako nn inquiry which in form is al
most an accusation coucernins a matter
which ho knew would not Buffer unnec
essary delay at my hands.
F. Q. Ykomaxh,
Sec'y T. L. C. P. 1L A.
A wagon load of salmon sold readily
tho streets of Salem ono day st
in
week j 'they sold at five cents a pound;
they were enormous fellows. It is ugainst
tho law to catch them now in the Co
lumbia. The hop yield of Pnget Sound is esti
mated at 2,000,000 pounds.
- I I I I - HI ! I .fcMfc I . M..M. .,,, i
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 11), 1684.
Winter Wheat.
This is ono of tho most important and
most widoly cultivated of tho tho coroal
grains. Wheat grown in dry climates
yields more broad than when grown in
wot climates. Tho best soils for wheat
aro thoso which contain a good pro
portion of clay and limo. Light and
sandy soils do not usually produco good
wheat. Wheat will grow best on land
which contains just as much clay as can
bo combined with it (tho land) without
subjecting it to bo frozen out. Tho great
drawback in tho raising of wintor wheat
is found in tho liability of tho plant to bo
wintor killed. This does not happen by
direct action on tho plant, but through
tho soil. If wheat is deeply rdotcd, a
singlo hard freezing on tho soil, by its
lifting effect, actually breaks tho upper
part of tho plant from its lower roots,
and so groatly injures it. Tho worM
effects aro produced, however, by tho
ropeatcd freezing and thawing of tho
soil, finally leaving tho crown of tho
plant ho far abovo tho ground as to bo
exposed to tho action of tho weather,
and entirely unprotected by tho soil to
which it proporly belongs, and thq plant
is killed. This it) most likely to occur on
heavy lands, not drained. Thorough
tillngo is tho first requisite in growing
wheat ; tho soil must bo well plowed,
and is very much imprqvod by subsoil
plowing; tho grain in quantity as. well
as quality of tho crop, will moro than
repay this oxtra oxponsp. Tho ground
must bo harrowed until' the.ioil in well
broken and fined; this properly dono and
tho ground sufficiently fertilized, oud
bushel of wheat iunmplo quantity to sow
pcr'acro, and tho resulting crop will bo
larger than if moio seed liad been sown.
Sowing in dry ground is generally
reepmmonded for seeds ; but wheat being
liuDlo to ik smutty, is commonly prcnar-
od by stooping it in u solution of four
ounces of blue, vitriol (sulphate of
coppor) to one gallon of watir for ono
bushel of seed, and inconscquencoof tho
steeping vegetation commences; if tho
seed in this Stato is placed in earth
which is, and continues for any time,
dry, vegetation is checked by tho drought,
whloh kills or groittly injures it.
jKarly sowing requires loss seed than
late, becauso tho plants lmvo moro timo
and aro mqra apt to spread and throw
out a good number of stalks. Mdio seed
is .required forv poor than for rich lands,
and rich land early sown requires tho
least of any. In practice it is found that
it is impossible, even uikui tho best wheat
soils to grow tliis gram for several years,
in succession without injuring tho land ;
and in mobt cages the crop becomes so
small as tq bo unprofitable. What is
takon away must bo replaced oithor
directly by manures, or by growing
other crops which do not require tho
chief constituents of wheat. There nro
many rich soils, in which wheat runs to
straw, and produces very littlo grain.
This is commonly said to bo owing to
tho land boing "too rich," but, in reality,
it i in consequence of a deficiency m
phosphate of lime, us thnt tends to form
roots and seeds. If tho straw is short it
shows that tho Boil locks either nitrogen
or potash, as these tend to produce stem
and leaf. Tho only way in which a
farmer can judiciously mo manure is by
having an analysis of his land by moans
of soil tests, showing what constituents,
aro available and whnt aro wanting. In
addition to a wiso selection of good and
clean seed tho depth at which they aro
planted is important, ft covered too
deep they will notspmv ; if t o shallow,
they aro apt to perish forwnn . f moitture
ami othor causes. H is Mid down as u
rule that whoat sown beforo winter
should be as deeply covered with earth
as to bo beyond tho reach of injurious
irojt, say tour or live inches, but when
sown in spring it should bo lightly
covered, littlo exceeding ono inch. In
light, dry sils it should bo deciier than
in wot, adhesivo clnya. In judging of
seed wheat tho dimplod ond of tho grain
should be distinctly marked, and tho
point from which tho littlo roots proturdo
inut bo somowhat prominont; tho end
from which tho blade- springs should also
bo slightly covered with the hairiness or
wolliness. Tho littlo protuberance at
cithor of three end must not have been
rub!ed off, as the gram U thereby de
prived of vitallity. Kiln drying spoils
groin for sowing. It may bo known by
unusual hardness and a smoky odor.
Wheat that has heated in tho stack will
taste bitter; if slightly aproutnd, sweet ;
and if lone kept in the granary it will
smell musty and look dull and dusty. If 1
w
eaton by tho woovil it may bo detected
by pressing the kcrnol with tho flngors.
If rusted it will bo shrunk; it smutty it
will lmvo a black appcaranco and a
peculiar smoll.
It is woll known that in sowing or
planting seeds many of them fail tb
germinate. If tho surfaco, of tho soil
habocomo dry, and ovon if moist when
tho seed is planted, it soon becomes dry
before tho seed gorminates, unlcs? tho
ground is pressed or rolled to compact
it about tho scod, in ordqr that whon it
does gorminato its tiny roots mny bo in
immediate contact with thospil, and not
porish for lack of moisture or hurtriment
only to bo obtained from close contact
with tho soil. .Winter wheat should bb
harrowed in tho spring. It needs only t6
bo known how easily tho work is dono,
ana how holpful it' is to tho crop, to
greatly increaso tho practice Tho slant
ing tooth-harrow, with tho teeth set
backward, is tho host for this purpose,
and finely purv0rJ7.cs tho surfaco without
danger of tearing up tho plants by tho
rootH. On heavy soils it is better to huvo
theso harrows weighted to cut mow
deeply. Thoroughly harrowing wheat
Holds in tho sprnig will produco such n
mellow hcedbod as will cnsitro n good
catch of clover.
Jute, and Its Manufacture.
This country virtually produces, tho
vyc-rld's supply of cotton, and thoro is
no reason why it should not produco at
least n leading portion bf thd supply of
juto. This among fihora is second pnly
to cottDn in commercial importance.
It is used in bagging and Nicking for
vcottop and graiii crops ; and mixed with
linon, cotton and silk, it is wrought into
ah inflnlto variety of fabrics, w hero its
presence is wholly uimuspeotod'b' tho
public. Tho rofuso portion of the
plants, and' tlio worn-out fabrics mado
from its filter are converted into paper
of oxccllont quality. Tho plant, which
is known to scionco an tho (Jnrohnmx
olitoriu. 1ms been cultivated in India
f6r conturifH. Fo greatly has tho jtltb
industry doveloped within tho last
twenty years, that nearly a million acres
of latid aro" dovbted io its culture
Nearly half a century ago tho nmnuluo
turo of juto was established in Scotland.
From a miiiiII beginnini,' it has expanded
to great iiilivniuidb ami importance. It
lit th' loading industry of tho town 'of
Dundee, where, it employs moro than
20,000 workmen. The annual consump
tion of juto in tho United States
amounts to nbout $10,000,000, nnd would
bo nnlcli largor if it could bo grown and
manufactured bore. Kxprimonts have
provod beyond n doubt that tho plant
thrives with great luxuriance in tho
Gulf States.
Thcro id no rcnon whv this industrv
should not, bo established in this coun
try. Tho production of tho fiber would
bo n lucratlvo method for diversifying
Southorn agriculture, nhd tho manu
facture will aflbrd a wido and profitable
uojq igr tno pmpioymont ot capita 1 and
labor.
What Makes Our Teeth Decay
"Doctor, I'vo taken so much strong
medicino that"
"Oli, pjeaso stop! Pardon mo, but I
seo you nro beginning tho samo old
story, Now, lot mo do tho talking. I
suppose you think a physician is wholly
rosponsiblo for your decayed teeth, bo
causo you casually learned that tho iron
tonio ho proscribed contained muriatio
noid. Or possibly ho prescribed hydro
chloric or sulphuric acid, It is always
woll to take Mich medicines through a
tubo and then rinso tho mouth tlior.
oughly. Hut no ono of theso agents
however caroletsJy administered, is capa-
bio ct doing one-quarter tho mischief
which an examination of your mouth
rovoals. Tho havoc has been wrought
by acids, it is truo, but thoy wore born
in tho mouth. You have what was for
merly a beautiful set of teeth. Somo
timo ago you discovered several docayed
spots, which rapidly grow worse, so that
your teeth seemed fairly to melt away.
Tako a mirror and oxamino ono of thcio.
Tho channel Is. translucent, breaks down
easily and reveals a larger cavity than
you expected. 'Ibis cuvity is partly
filled with a whitish, pulpy dobris, and
when you probo in, the walls are quito
sensitre Hot and cold drinks hurt, and
food lodgmg in the cavity tterts the
tooth to aching. Nitrio add did it.
Whonco tho nitric acid? From tho de
composition of ammonia in tho mouth.
Frequently, tho functions of tho skiti,
kidneys and other excretory organs be
come impaired, tho blood becomes over
ruled with ammonia (which, in a vigor
ous, healthy condition is carried out of
tho system), and ovontually this ammo
nia finds its way through tho salivary
ducts into tho mouth. Then ensues
beautiful chemical reaction. Tho nartf-
clcs of nltrogenus food which liavq been
sulTcred to accumulato botweon tho teeth
you'ro not going to interrupt mo?"
"Why, I brush iny teeth nftcr every
meal, doctor.''
4 You1 do? And do you use your tooth
pick and bit of strius; with scrupulous
caroto clear out all tho epacest What
is this lodged horo between theso teeth,
A shred of beef?"
fThls shied of1 beef, then, as wo wero
saying, decomposes aftor awhile and lib-,
orates nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen.
This latter agent instantly unites with
tho free nmmonin in tho mouth mid a
smau quantity 01 pitrio acid is tlio ro-
MflU 'ibis nascent acid, which is far
moro cnergotio in its Action than uitilu
acid taken into tlio mouth, attacks in
stantly the limo sails of tooth surfaco
with which it may bo incontaot, and do
cay is tho result. -What
is tho remedy? , Cleanliness,
first of all, and secondly, anything that
will i)Qutrah'z.o the ammonia, Fruit or
vcgetabjo acid, will do this. Knt more
cherries, apples, borrics, pickles, sauer
kraut; drink lemppado. Try water mado
taft with vinogar nt meals. Do you my
dorstiHid iow why your, daughter, just
blooming into woomauhnod, craves
nickl", lemons mid vinearl She. can
bilo Into 11, raw lemon without wincing.
WXv?' Dccauxo her blood in, surcharged
with ammonia, her mouth is full of jt,
tho saliva is ropy with it.
pour.loow, a tootb-PicK and and 11 spool
of waxed llos sik for nitrio aeid (white)
docay.
'Anothorqbt-cnvation, rtppropps to this
subject, Tlio frqo iu,o of frpU aqids ip
Miiva tho teeth against that disgusting
accumulation, tartar, y virtue pf its de
stroying tho free ammonia. Jicfoio the
ammonia docompo.oa,to form nilrio acid,
11 portion pf it neutralizes tho carbonic
acd of tlio saliva by which its limo sails
are hold suspended in solution, and then
salts are precipitated upon tho eo,tlw
lorminir tartar. A swallow ol vjucirmj
and water (it night will uo much to prui
vent tartar.
"Mut,tho decay in my teeth is. broyn,
not .white," you say. "Tho jots;m;o. ex
quisitely sensitive."
Jlydrochlorio acid is the littlo.iiiscniof
maker this timo, Have you Hovornl
largo, fillings extending Io tho gum ud,
so'itiited that food lodges, in qonlact
with them? Perhaps you wear a plate
with oltifips around one or two tenth.
This favors galvunio action, and thonco
results hydrochloric acid in it, nascent
condition, Hut independently of these
considerations this acid often abounds
in the mouth of persons who uwi wilt or
tatted meats immoderately. Jt has up
direct relation to amiqonia,
"Tho decay in my tegth is not like
either of the abovo varieties," you bay,
'It is bluqk as ink."
Sulphuric acid, then. Tho doeay pro-
gieftees very slowly, and you imll'er very
littlo at tlio nanus 01 your iienust, ami
perhaps wonder why peoplo mako snob
a fuss about having teeth fillod, This
acid is loss destructive than thu other
two named, still if you aro greatly
alarmed by its inroadn, avoid thp uto of
eggs and such food as uliounds In sul
phur, Your breath is likely to' Ixitruy
tho presence of sulphuretted hydrogen,
w hich does not at all resemble attar of
roses.
Thus far we have spoken only of the
aetivi agents of decay. The vitit of
tho individual has much to do with the
nnittor of decay of tio teeth. Fevers on
feeblo the system and favor decay. Don't
blamo tho medicines. The aoids jour
physician administors correct tho vitia
ted conditions in the system, o that if
tho teeth suffer it is prpbibl, Ju spito of
his mediciujs, rather than 'because of
them. After typhoid fever, especially,
look out for decay,
Tho Slulaw Fair will bo held at tho
Oreon-doqr school-house, Opt 51, 1881,
There are social premiums offered for
bust butter, best pumpkin piu by a girl
under 11 years, beat fruit cuke by a girl
under 18 years, best soda biscuit by a
girl under 11 years, best fitting drcu
pattern by a Jady undor 80 years. There
must bo tivq competitors for tho abovo;
jf(J to any persons raising fifty bushels
of wheat on one acre of land ; 50 cents
for best looking baby ono year pld or
under.
NO. 33.
A Bold Btoro Burglar.
Sunday morning it was discovered by
a clerk that tho store of Caldwell, Decker
& Licko had boon burglarized and goods
to tho valuo of sovcral thousand dollars
had Loon taken therefrom. Thcro was
much mystory and somo surpriso that a
wagon could back Up to tlio back door1
bf'ono of our largo relitll stores and tako'
nwny goods to tlio amount of several'
thousand dollars. Tho (nets that lmvo
dqyolopod aro these, ami tho erellit is
diio to Messrs. "YVhcbldon am Prcttyman'
of this city for tho capture of tho rob
ber. Tho burglar, A. Caldwbll, was
caught six miles south of Salem, on tho
old stngo road Ho had stowod tho
goods away in a fir thlokot noar tho road
niul was camped within half n mllo of
thorn, intending to return to Salem, hi'
tho evening of Sunday. Ho was nccom
pnniod and assisted by Ills two littlo
daughters, aged 12 and 11 years. When
arrested ho was mado to divulge tho lo
cution of tho gpods. The nplo of on-,
franco to tho store was by secreting ono
of thu littlo girls in tho store just before
closing hours, ,und then after nil was
quiet unlocked (ho hack door and.)tdmit-,
ted her father. Tho wholo robbery woa
systematically planned and shows ox
pojrtnosi, not only in tho selection of
goods, but in robbery and uurglary. ,
trho lrm Immediately issued a reward
ofliffiOO for tho return of tho goods and
tb ) conviction of tho'tlitaf. Thocircum
stances connected with tho capture was
injcioitiug and wqro about m follows:.
WJioeldon mid Prottyman tracked tho
wigon (a wido track I J inch tiro) by jti,
peculiarity, down brOnt street through
Jtyrth Snlem towards the 1'alr Grout d
and tlujn lo?t track of them, but continued
oil by tho old stago road for about llvo
mjlci", when the auspicious circumstan
ces of n man, two horos and two small,
girls entering tho brush as though to
e.cae observation, was noticed, and fol
lowing a blind road they cuno (o u
wagon which ,Wr rreltyman identjfiod
as belonging to n nejglibor named Mr,
Caltorlin. Hero thoy found a ciwh
mirk mid felt, Biiro thoy woiq on tho,
tnlqk,- Not knowing hpv many thcro
wore, and .being oply partially ar;nod,
thiy returned to Sjilopi. nni called op
tht) Sheriff to assist thoui, Proceeding;
tpttho place thoy found (it wai Jiisf. dark)
thp parly just starting to town. They
arrostcd him and porsuaded him tp tell
whoro thp goods were stored. Tho pris-
ouor told the modo or entrance and
oier important aots. Ho hat been
bound over in tho sum of if 5,000,. and
lion in Jail for the want of bail, ,
To' Mrs L. M. D .
Thoso linos nro written on tho death
gf an only sistor, Mr. L, M, Darby, wifo
of William II, II. Darby, who departed
this lifq July 20jh,in tho 42d yoarof her
ago ; sho died of cancer in tho breast af
tor niuch sudoring. Sho leaves u hus
band, six children, lvo slop-sons, an aged
m ither, n brothor and tdstor and many
other ro'ativo". . ,
Deareit Iter iweiitly dumber, t.
To wko on carth'no moroj
Wo iiiii thy voice of glicluoiu,
Ktch hour wo number oVr ,
1 hoda gontlo sinilti of plenuro
Have witliored like flomrs,
And yet thy memory blnatomi
Throughout the glMIng Louri. .
I)ar itr, wttly atutiibor,
Thy vacant place 11 herr;
Tliy joyou tep ia Hcut
Anl gone each hope to dear, ,
With wtepiiix eyes we gatlitr, ' '
Ami heart that wake to pain; ' ' "
O gnitly rst, dear niiter, "''
Till we thill meet again. !"'i
A HiaTKl ' ' '
Died,
At Knight, Mariou county, Oregon, on
Satuidayi Soptombor C, 18i, Mrs. I). 1),
Herrick, of quick consumption ; aged 27
yeara.i
Ola'kamas County Commiseionera
hayo levied an 18 )xU tax, for State,
county and school purposes.
i)