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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 19, 1884)
V J fetf H' 1V &J KSLr' fen' fcV : W3 It u Bfc. " i'? '", r : Vrir' .. ffS A hv VOL. XVI. onU0ttilencif. Letter from Lane County. Oaiu'Us ritAiitn:, Sept. 0, 1881. Editor Willamctto Farmer: The nbovo named prairio lies nbout soven, miles soutli of Cottngo Qrovo. It commenced ruining Iicro n week ngO to-night, and tlioro him been but two days- sinco that (ho headers CQtild nin. Thoro'hns been no grain threshed in this immediate vicinity yot. Tho grain has, n part of it, been stacked, a part of it shocked and capped, a pntt shocked and not enppod, and a part is Htill Blind ing, or rather inclining, wailing for tho header. That which is stacked or shocked well is all right,, but thcro is very littlo in that condition, Unit which is is poorly Mucked being badlyrvot and sprouted. That which, is still standing is injvery good condition yet, and fpr'u few days, nnd will savo nil right if it should dry off long onough then to savo it. Hut that which is badly shocked is in n bad condition. I lmvo just bcon looking at a picco of 70 acres of lino sido oats belonging to a neighbor, which is woll shocked but not capped. Thoy nro fully ono half sprouted and aro lia- bio to almost a total loss, as it is warm and raining slowly. Tho loss in this neighborhood will bo suflloiont to lmvo paid all tho harvcht expense, which" could all liavo boon dono in tho dry weather that wo lmvo had, it tho neigh borhood had boon united with ono twolvcvfoot header and u, thrcshon $n stead of that they havoun two March , harvester?, two ro.ip.ora and ono wlro, binder, mid oxpoet, to finish with a header. Oats aro heavy, but wheal ia . only nvernge. I lmvo tw'o needling npplo trees, of which I sent you a.8uro plo.of fruit (but it miscarried) last year, and In toiulto semicoma ngain thia year. Thoy nrq ho finest apples at this time of year that I ever tawM Alwut all tho difference that I can discover in them is that ono comes in just as tho .'other is going out. Thoy aro jjearly round, aro very smooth, ami ,bavo a wnidl 'c6rd; nlsO slightly sdjur.vcry brittlo, an)l ab6ui tho sizo of tho Pound I'ipin. Yours, etc., J. T. Taylor. Xotk Mr. Taylor sonds us a box containing samplo of npplos. Thoy aro of large, size exceptionally bo-antl of lino flavor. Throughout tho Willaraotto valley thcro aro many excellent locations for fruit growing. But just now apples do not pay well, but wo predict ' that be fore many years thoy will bo;u mdre, demand. llnrrou. Answer to ''A Growl In the Grance." Was'iiouo.u, W. T., Sept. 13, 1881. Editor Willamette Farmer. Your paper of September 12th con tains an articlo undor tho hoading of "A Growl in tho Orange," whloh tends to givo tho Grange a bad namo among your loadors who nro not members of tho or der, and therefore not posted as to our business matter j becauso of such read ers, I mako tho following explanation ; Tho insuranco papors would probably lmvo been out in Juno as promised had not tho copy gent for printing as prom ised been lost in tho mail. Tho details of tho loss and necessary delay, concern only tho niombers of tho order and will reach them through tho proper channel. I much regret that my estoemed friend and worthy brother should thus publicly mako nn inquiry which in form is al most an accusation coucernins a matter which ho knew would not Buffer unnec essary delay at my hands. F. Q. Ykomaxh, Sec'y T. L. C. P. 1L A. A wagon load of salmon sold readily tho streets of Salem ono day st in week j 'they sold at five cents a pound; they were enormous fellows. It is ugainst tho law to catch them now in the Co lumbia. The hop yield of Pnget Sound is esti mated at 2,000,000 pounds. - I I I I - HI ! I .fcMfc I . M..M. .,,, i SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 11), 1684. Winter Wheat. This is ono of tho most important and most widoly cultivated of tho tho coroal grains. Wheat grown in dry climates yields more broad than when grown in wot climates. Tho best soils for wheat aro thoso which contain a good pro portion of clay and limo. Light and sandy soils do not usually produco good wheat. Wheat will grow best on land which contains just as much clay as can bo combined with it (tho land) without subjecting it to bo frozen out. Tho great drawback in tho raising of wintor wheat is found in tho liability of tho plant to bo wintor killed. This does not happen by direct action on tho plant, but through tho soil. If wheat is deeply rdotcd, a singlo hard freezing on tho soil, by its lifting effect, actually breaks tho upper part of tho plant from its lower roots, and so groatly injures it. Tho worM effects aro produced, however, by tho ropeatcd freezing and thawing of tho soil, finally leaving tho crown of tho plant ho far abovo tho ground as to bo exposed to tho action of tho weather, and entirely unprotected by tho soil to which it proporly belongs, and thq plant is killed. This it) most likely to occur on heavy lands, not drained. Thorough tillngo is tho first requisite in growing wheat ; tho soil must bo well plowed, and is very much imprqvod by subsoil plowing; tho grain in quantity as. well as quality of tho crop, will moro than repay this oxtra oxponsp. Tho ground must bo harrowed until' the.ioil in well broken and fined; this properly dono and tho ground sufficiently fertilized, oud bushel of wheat iunmplo quantity to sow pcr'acro, and tho resulting crop will bo larger than if moio seed liad been sown. Sowing in dry ground is generally reepmmonded for seeds ; but wheat being liuDlo to ik smutty, is commonly prcnar- od by stooping it in u solution of four ounces of blue, vitriol (sulphate of coppor) to one gallon of watir for ono bushel of seed, and inconscquencoof tho steeping vegetation commences; if tho seed in this Stato is placed in earth which is, and continues for any time, dry, vegetation is checked by tho drought, whloh kills or groittly injures it. jKarly sowing requires loss seed than late, becauso tho plants lmvo moro timo and aro mqra apt to spread and throw out a good number of stalks. Mdio seed is .required forv poor than for rich lands, and rich land early sown requires tho least of any. In practice it is found that it is impossible, even uikui tho best wheat soils to grow tliis gram for several years, in succession without injuring tho land ; and in mobt cages the crop becomes so small as tq bo unprofitable. What is takon away must bo replaced oithor directly by manures, or by growing other crops which do not require tho chief constituents of wheat. There nro many rich soils, in which wheat runs to straw, and produces very littlo grain. This is commonly said to bo owing to tho land boing "too rich," but, in reality, it i in consequence of a deficiency m phosphate of lime, us thnt tends to form roots and seeds. If tho straw is short it shows that tho Boil locks either nitrogen or potash, as these tend to produce stem and leaf. Tho only way in which a farmer can judiciously mo manure is by having an analysis of his land by moans of soil tests, showing what constituents, aro available and whnt aro wanting. In addition to a wiso selection of good and clean seed tho depth at which they aro planted is important, ft covered too deep they will notspmv ; if t o shallow, they aro apt to perish forwnn . f moitture ami othor causes. H is Mid down as u rule that whoat sown beforo winter should be as deeply covered with earth as to bo beyond tho reach of injurious irojt, say tour or live inches, but when sown in spring it should bo lightly covered, littlo exceeding ono inch. In light, dry sils it should bo deciier than in wot, adhesivo clnya. In judging of seed wheat tho dimplod ond of tho grain should be distinctly marked, and tho point from which tho littlo roots proturdo inut bo somowhat prominont; tho end from which tho blade- springs should also bo slightly covered with the hairiness or wolliness. Tho littlo protuberance at cithor of three end must not have been rub!ed off, as the gram U thereby de prived of vitallity. Kiln drying spoils groin for sowing. It may bo known by unusual hardness and a smoky odor. Wheat that has heated in tho stack will taste bitter; if slightly aproutnd, sweet ; and if lone kept in the granary it will smell musty and look dull and dusty. If 1 w eaton by tho woovil it may bo detected by pressing the kcrnol with tho flngors. If rusted it will bo shrunk; it smutty it will lmvo a black appcaranco and a peculiar smoll. It is woll known that in sowing or planting seeds many of them fail tb germinate. If tho surfaco, of tho soil habocomo dry, and ovon if moist when tho seed is planted, it soon becomes dry before tho seed gorminates, unlcs? tho ground is pressed or rolled to compact it about tho scod, in ordqr that whon it does gorminato its tiny roots mny bo in immediate contact with thospil, and not porish for lack of moisture or hurtriment only to bo obtained from close contact with tho soil. .Winter wheat should bb harrowed in tho spring. It needs only t6 bo known how easily tho work is dono, ana how holpful it' is to tho crop, to greatly increaso tho practice Tho slant ing tooth-harrow, with tho teeth set backward, is tho host for this purpose, and finely purv0rJ7.cs tho surfaco without danger of tearing up tho plants by tho rootH. On heavy soils it is better to huvo theso harrows weighted to cut mow deeply. Thoroughly harrowing wheat Holds in tho sprnig will produco such n mellow hcedbod as will cnsitro n good catch of clover. Jute, and Its Manufacture. This country virtually produces, tho vyc-rld's supply of cotton, and thoro is no reason why it should not produco at least n leading portion bf thd supply of juto. This among fihora is second pnly to cottDn in commercial importance. It is used in bagging and Nicking for vcottop and graiii crops ; and mixed with linon, cotton and silk, it is wrought into ah inflnlto variety of fabrics, w hero its presence is wholly uimuspeotod'b' tho public. Tho rofuso portion of the plants, and' tlio worn-out fabrics mado from its filter are converted into paper of oxccllont quality. Tho plant, which is known to scionco an tho (Jnrohnmx olitoriu. 1ms been cultivated in India f6r conturifH. Fo greatly has tho jtltb industry doveloped within tho last twenty years, that nearly a million acres of latid aro" dovbted io its culture Nearly half a century ago tho nmnuluo turo of juto was established in Scotland. From a miiiiII beginnini,' it has expanded to great iiilivniuidb ami importance. It lit th' loading industry of tho town 'of Dundee, where, it employs moro than 20,000 workmen. The annual consump tion of juto in tho United States amounts to nbout $10,000,000, nnd would bo nnlcli largor if it could bo grown and manufactured bore. Kxprimonts have provod beyond n doubt that tho plant thrives with great luxuriance in tho Gulf States. Thcro id no rcnon whv this industrv should not, bo established in this coun try. Tho production of tho fiber would bo n lucratlvo method for diversifying Southorn agriculture, nhd tho manu facture will aflbrd a wido and profitable uojq igr tno pmpioymont ot capita 1 and labor. What Makes Our Teeth Decay "Doctor, I'vo taken so much strong medicino that" "Oli, pjeaso stop! Pardon mo, but I seo you nro beginning tho samo old story, Now, lot mo do tho talking. I suppose you think a physician is wholly rosponsiblo for your decayed teeth, bo causo you casually learned that tho iron tonio ho proscribed contained muriatio noid. Or possibly ho prescribed hydro chloric or sulphuric acid, It is always woll to take Mich medicines through a tubo and then rinso tho mouth tlior. oughly. Hut no ono of theso agents however caroletsJy administered, is capa- bio ct doing one-quarter tho mischief which an examination of your mouth rovoals. Tho havoc has been wrought by acids, it is truo, but thoy wore born in tho mouth. You have what was for merly a beautiful set of teeth. Somo timo ago you discovered several docayed spots, which rapidly grow worse, so that your teeth seemed fairly to melt away. Tako a mirror and oxamino ono of thcio. Tho channel Is. translucent, breaks down easily and reveals a larger cavity than you expected. 'Ibis cuvity is partly filled with a whitish, pulpy dobris, and when you probo in, the walls are quito sensitre Hot and cold drinks hurt, and food lodgmg in the cavity tterts the tooth to aching. Nitrio add did it. Whonco tho nitric acid? From tho de composition of ammonia in tho mouth. Frequently, tho functions of tho skiti, kidneys and other excretory organs be come impaired, tho blood becomes over ruled with ammonia (which, in a vigor ous, healthy condition is carried out of tho system), and ovontually this ammo nia finds its way through tho salivary ducts into tho mouth. Then ensues beautiful chemical reaction. Tho nartf- clcs of nltrogenus food which liavq been sulTcred to accumulato botweon tho teeth you'ro not going to interrupt mo?" "Why, I brush iny teeth nftcr every meal, doctor.'' 4 You1 do? And do you use your tooth pick and bit of strius; with scrupulous caroto clear out all tho epacest What is this lodged horo between theso teeth, A shred of beef?" fThls shied of1 beef, then, as wo wero saying, decomposes aftor awhile and lib-, orates nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen. This latter agent instantly unites with tho free nmmonin in tho mouth mid a smau quantity 01 pitrio acid is tlio ro- MflU 'ibis nascent acid, which is far moro cnergotio in its Action than uitilu acid taken into tlio mouth, attacks in stantly the limo sails of tooth surfaco with which it may bo incontaot, and do cay is tho result. -What is tho remedy? , Cleanliness, first of all, and secondly, anything that will i)Qutrah'z.o the ammonia, Fruit or vcgetabjo acid, will do this. Knt more cherries, apples, borrics, pickles, sauer kraut; drink lemppado. Try water mado taft with vinogar nt meals. Do you my dorstiHid iow why your, daughter, just blooming into woomauhnod, craves nickl", lemons mid vinearl She. can bilo Into 11, raw lemon without wincing. WXv?' Dccauxo her blood in, surcharged with ammonia, her mouth is full of jt, tho saliva is ropy with it. pour.loow, a tootb-PicK and and 11 spool of waxed llos sik for nitrio aeid (white) docay. 'Anothorqbt-cnvation, rtppropps to this subject, Tlio frqo iu,o of frpU aqids ip Miiva tho teeth against that disgusting accumulation, tartar, y virtue pf its de stroying tho free ammonia. Jicfoio the ammonia docompo.oa,to form nilrio acid, 11 portion pf it neutralizes tho carbonic acd of tlio saliva by which its limo sails are hold suspended in solution, and then salts are precipitated upon tho eo,tlw lorminir tartar. A swallow ol vjucirmj and water (it night will uo much to prui vent tartar. "Mut,tho decay in my teeth is. broyn, not .white," you say. "Tho jots;m;o. ex quisitely sensitive." Jlydrochlorio acid is the littlo.iiiscniof maker this timo, Have you Hovornl largo, fillings extending Io tho gum ud, so'itiited that food lodges, in qonlact with them? Perhaps you wear a plate with oltifips around one or two tenth. This favors galvunio action, and thonco results hydrochloric acid in it, nascent condition, Hut independently of these considerations this acid often abounds in the mouth of persons who uwi wilt or tatted meats immoderately. Jt has up direct relation to amiqonia, "Tho decay in my tegth is not like either of the abovo varieties," you bay, 'It is bluqk as ink." Sulphuric acid, then. Tho doeay pro- gieftees very slowly, and you imll'er very littlo at tlio nanus 01 your iienust, ami perhaps wonder why peoplo mako snob a fuss about having teeth fillod, This acid is loss destructive than thu other two named, still if you aro greatly alarmed by its inroadn, avoid thp uto of eggs and such food as uliounds In sul phur, Your breath is likely to' Ixitruy tho presence of sulphuretted hydrogen, w hich does not at all resemble attar of roses. Thus far we have spoken only of the aetivi agents of decay. The vitit of tho individual has much to do with the nnittor of decay of tio teeth. Fevers on feeblo the system and favor decay. Don't blamo tho medicines. The aoids jour physician administors correct tho vitia ted conditions in the system, o that if tho teeth suffer it is prpbibl, Ju spito of his mediciujs, rather than 'because of them. After typhoid fever, especially, look out for decay, Tho Slulaw Fair will bo held at tho Oreon-doqr school-house, Opt 51, 1881, There are social premiums offered for bust butter, best pumpkin piu by a girl under 11 years, beat fruit cuke by a girl under 18 years, best soda biscuit by a girl under 11 years, best fitting drcu pattern by a Jady undor 80 years. There must bo tivq competitors for tho abovo; jf(J to any persons raising fifty bushels of wheat on one acre of land ; 50 cents for best looking baby ono year pld or under. NO. 33. A Bold Btoro Burglar. Sunday morning it was discovered by a clerk that tho store of Caldwell, Decker & Licko had boon burglarized and goods to tho valuo of sovcral thousand dollars had Loon taken therefrom. Thcro was much mystory and somo surpriso that a wagon could back Up to tlio back door1 bf'ono of our largo relitll stores and tako' nwny goods to tlio amount of several' thousand dollars. Tho (nets that lmvo dqyolopod aro these, ami tho erellit is diio to Messrs. "YVhcbldon am Prcttyman' of this city for tho capture of tho rob ber. Tho burglar, A. Caldwbll, was caught six miles south of Salem, on tho old stngo road Ho had stowod tho goods away in a fir thlokot noar tho road niul was camped within half n mllo of thorn, intending to return to Salem, hi' tho evening of Sunday. Ho was nccom pnniod and assisted by Ills two littlo daughters, aged 12 and 11 years. When arrested ho was mado to divulge tho lo cution of tho gpods. The nplo of on-, franco to tho store was by secreting ono of thu littlo girls in tho store just before closing hours, ,und then after nil was quiet unlocked (ho hack door and.)tdmit-, ted her father. Tho wholo robbery woa systematically planned and shows ox pojrtnosi, not only in tho selection of goods, but in robbery and uurglary. , trho lrm Immediately issued a reward ofliffiOO for tho return of tho goods and tb ) conviction of tho'tlitaf. Thocircum stances connected with tho capture was injcioitiug and wqro about m follows:. WJioeldon mid Prottyman tracked tho wigon (a wido track I J inch tiro) by jti, peculiarity, down brOnt street through Jtyrth Snlem towards the 1'alr Grout d and tlujn lo?t track of them, but continued oil by tho old stago road for about llvo mjlci", when the auspicious circumstan ces of n man, two horos and two small, girls entering tho brush as though to e.cae observation, was noticed, and fol lowing a blind road they cuno (o u wagon which ,Wr rreltyman identjfiod as belonging to n nejglibor named Mr, Caltorlin. Hero thoy found a ciwh mirk mid felt, Biiro thoy woiq on tho, tnlqk,- Not knowing hpv many thcro wore, and .being oply partially ar;nod, thiy returned to Sjilopi. nni called op tht) Sheriff to assist thoui, Proceeding; tpttho place thoy found (it wai Jiisf. dark) thp parly just starting to town. They arrostcd him and porsuaded him tp tell whoro thp goods were stored. Tho pris- ouor told the modo or entrance and oier important aots. Ho hat been bound over in tho sum of if 5,000,. and lion in Jail for the want of bail, , To' Mrs L. M. D . Thoso linos nro written on tho death gf an only sistor, Mr. L, M, Darby, wifo of William II, II. Darby, who departed this lifq July 20jh,in tho 42d yoarof her ago ; sho died of cancer in tho breast af tor niuch sudoring. Sho leaves u hus band, six children, lvo slop-sons, an aged m ither, n brothor and tdstor and many other ro'ativo". . , Deareit Iter iweiitly dumber, t. To wko on carth'no moroj Wo iiiii thy voice of glicluoiu, Ktch hour wo number oVr , 1 hoda gontlo sinilti of plenuro Have witliored like flomrs, And yet thy memory blnatomi Throughout the glMIng Louri. . I)ar itr, wttly atutiibor, Thy vacant place 11 herr; Tliy joyou tep ia Hcut Anl gone each hope to dear, , With wtepiiix eyes we gatlitr, ' ' Ami heart that wake to pain; ' ' " O gnitly rst, dear niiter, "'' Till we thill meet again. !"'i A HiaTKl ' ' ' Died, At Knight, Mariou county, Oregon, on Satuidayi Soptombor C, 18i, Mrs. I). 1), Herrick, of quick consumption ; aged 27 yeara.i Ola'kamas County Commiseionera hayo levied an 18 )xU tax, for State, county and school purposes. i)
