-'
VOL. XVI.
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDA Y, JULY 25, 1884.
NO. 24.
ifiicllancoii'L
Work ana Hurry.
Mr. Herbert Spencer thought that the
most valuable piece of advice he could
leave us in departing from our shores
was to bo less restless to work less and
play more. Overwork was the besetting
sin of Americans, according to that
English philosopher, who spoke with
the more feeling and the stronger em
phasis on the subject becauso he himself
was a victim of tho very excess against
which ho warned us. Ho had come to
the United States, in truth, with the
hope of restoring tone to his nervous
system, so shattered by indiscreet appli
cation to study that he was unable io
sleep soundly.
Sensible people here, however, knew
that working too hard was not an Amer
ican vice. It is raro to find an Ameri
can whose tendency to sin takes that di
rection. The men who complain most
of overwork are usually those who are
unfitting themselves for exertion by bad
habits of self-indulgence. They could
do their work without undue strain if
they did not otherwise overtax their
nerves.
But there is another very frequent
cause of norvous prostration. It is has
ty and unmethodical labor, the habit of
hurrying. But that cause, it seems, is
commonly active in London no less than
in New York.
The London Lancet warns the "city
men, mat is, the business men, that
they are wearing themselves out with
unnecessary hurry and bustle. It also
tells physicians that they would do far
more to prevent the spread of nervous
discaso if they undertook to cure this
vicious mental habit, than they can
hope to do by dealing only with the
particular ills which come from it.
One of tho chief characteristics of
business life, the Lancet savs, is to be
always in a hurry. The moment a lad
enters a business house "he begins to
make believe to others, and too quickly
to himself, that he is overwhelmed with
work. The result is the formation of a
'mental habit' of hurrying, which be
fore long becomes the keynoto and mo
tive of the wholo life. It is tho custom
to writo and speak as though commer
cial men were really as much pressed
for time as they pretend to be. Now,
tho simple fact is that all their haste
and turmoil, prejudicial and often ruin
ous as it is, is artificial."
Tho bustling, hurrying man, as a mat
ter of fact, is a poor worker, and ac
complishes comparatively little in a day.
Too much of his steam power is ex
pended in kicking up adust. The habit
of hurrying and of feeling in a hurry is
fatal to good work, and diminishes the
amount of work a man can get through
with. The friction is too great. So lit
tle of practical value is accomplished,
despite all the superflous expenditure
of energy, that he cannot go home at
night witli the sweet consciousness of
duty done, of a day's work completed.
lie has left too many stitches to be tak
on up.
The men who accomplish the most
never 6eem in a hurry, no matter how
much they have to do. Everybody must
have observed that They are not
troubled for lack of time, for they make
the most of the minutes by working in
a cool, clear, orderly, and methodical
fashion, finishing each job properly, and
not wasting their nervous force on tri
fles or expending it in bustle. They
never complain of overwi k. They are
more likely to be hunting up new work
to do, in order to give their faculties
more varied employment and to exercise
some which are not sufficiently used.
Too much work to do! The highest
pleasure and greatest satisfaction are
found in work only, and the more work
a man has to do, if it is work to which
he is adapted, the better he likes it
The men to pity are those who can get
nothing to do, and those whose only
business is to hunt for pleasure for it
self the follows who have no other oc
cupation than that of killing timo. But
we are also sorry for the men, as de
scribed by the Lancet, whose manner
suggests a boiler worked up to the high
est pressure and only saved from burst
ing by frequent letting off of steam.
N. Y. Sun.
eration, we must pursue tho samo reas
onable and scientific course we would
pursue with cattle, hogs or any other
stock if wo expected liko results. If it
costs too much to buy full bloods of any
particular breed of fowls wo can get
cocks and grade up. All farmers, or
breeders of pure stock, in this line, have
spare cockerells in the fall of the year
that can be obtained at fair prices. The
Poultry Monthly says :
Tho "old blue hen" is a term applied
to the extra good common hen. Sho is
found on every farm and enjoys a repu
tation socond to none. She has per
formed her duty faithfully and well, has
always been a favorite, and is never for
gotten. Long after she has passed
away her qualities are oxtolled and her
merits compared as a standard of judg
ment with other hens of every other
breed. She is the model by which the
usefulness of all other hens are meas
ured, and often she is pensioned and
spared from tho knife as a reward for
her extraordinary capacity of egg pro
duction. But, somehow or other, no farmer over
succeeds in raising a whole flock liko
the old blue hen. He never has more
than one of that kind. Carefully he se
lects her eggs for sitting, and cautiously
he watches the nest where she lays in
order to secure them. He places the
eggs under a good hen, or allows the old
hen to hatch them herself. The chicks
come out sprightly, grow fast, and arrive
at maturity, but the pullets do not
prove old blue hens. They usually turn
out to be tho most worthless scrubs on
his farm, no two being alike in shape,
color, nor size, and finally tho farmer
comes to the conclusion that there is
nothing stable in feeding fowls for a
specuu purpose.
But the trouble with fanners in such
cases is, that while they are particular
about tho old blue hen they have not
noticed that they have no old blue roos
ter. They forget that tho rooster is ev
erything and that he improves his quali
ties on all his offspring. If the old blue
hen is expected to produce something
excellent when mated with a worthless
barnyard mongrel, sho is expected to do
what would not be looked for in cattle,
sheep or other stock, b armers, the mor
al of this is that you should use thor
oughbred mates only, for in no other
manner can a common flock be im
proved.
Measuring Standing Grain.
How
the Appropriations for Oregon
Washington will be Spent.
and
Tne Old Bin Hen.
As has been repeatedly cUted in tho
eo'umns, if we expect to have our cbick
as improve with each succeeding gear
An officer in the English navy has
constructed a table for estimating, with
all needful accuracy, the amount of
wheat on an acre of land, before it is
harvested. The estimate can bo made
as soon as the grain is ripe. Slake a
wood or iron framo one yard square,
carefully let it down over tho standing
grain, and shell and weigh all the grain
on the straws belonging inside the
frame. From his elaborate table, as
published in tho Dublin Farmer's Ga
zette, we extract the following :
2 ounces per square yard equals 10.08
bushels per aero.
2 V ounces per square yard equals 12.G0
bushels er acre.
2 ounces per square yard equals 13.80
bushels per acre.
3 ounces per square yard equals 15.12
bushels per acre.
3 ounces per square yard equals 17.G."
bushels per acre.
4 ounces per square yard equals 20.17
bushels per acre.
5 ounces per square yard equals 25.21
bushels per acre.
5 J ounces per square yard equals 29.00
bushels per acre.
6 ounces per squaro yard equals 30.25
bushels per acre.
7 ounces per square yard equals 33.29
bushels per acre.
8 ounces per squaro yard equals 40.33
bushels per acre.
These estimates are on the basis of CO
pouuds per bushel. The 2J ounces per
squaro yard is about the average yield of
wheat per aero in America; the 6
ounces per square yard is the average in
Great Britain.
Answering tho inquiries of nn Ore
goninn leporter as to what improvements
would be undertaken in tho lower Wil
lamette and Columbia rivers this year
Captain Charles Powell, United States
engineer in charge of river and harbor
improvements, said that it was his in
tention to complete tho permanet works
at Postoflico bar, with a little dredging
in advance so as to reduce delays which
might otherwise occur.
At St. Helen's bar, as the low wator
stage approaches, there may be some
temporary wotk, probably by sluicing,
if found necessary; but permanent
works for contracting tho channel at
this point will be commenced and car
ried woll toward completion. This will
Include a revetment to protect and hold
the lower end of Sauvie's Island, and a
dyko on tho Washington Territory shore.
Temporary work at Walker's Island
is under consideration. Whether it will
bo undertaken depends upon tho depth
of water found on the bar. If it be not
absolutely necessary, of course no work
will be done.
Nothing definite has been decided
concerning the expenditure of tho ap
propriation for tho Columbia river bar,
all details being subject to the consider
ation and approval of thd secretary of
war.
Tho improvements begun at Yaquina
and Coos bays two years ago will be
continued, and active work on them will
bo commenced early in August.
Tho appropriations for the upper Wil
lamette, Cowlitz, Chchalis ana the five
rivers north of Seattle, with unpro
nounceable names, will be devoted to re
moving Bnags, drifts and jams.
Of course the Cascade 'looks appro
priation will be devoted to a continua
tion of that work.
The Vermont law giving women the
right to vote for school offices, hag been
in force three years. Of tho 241 towns
in the stato twenty have this year chos
en women for superintendent of schools.
Of tne twenty the majority are chrgy
men'g wives. Female superintendents
were not a novelty in the state even at
the time of the passage of this law, but
tne legality ol their election nail not
previously been formally recognized.
Boeue Klver Fruit.
In speaking of the special rates mado
by the Oregon and California railroad
for fruit shipments from Southern Oreg
on, the Ashland Tidings remarks :
This opens tho door for the marketing
of all tho surplus fruit any orchard may
produce, even though the amonnt be
small. It is a now business for the peo
ple of our valley, and they should enter
upon it with some discretion and judge
ment. Rogue river valley already is
pretty well advertised throughout the
state as a fruit country, and the people
of tho cities will be expecting to see
some choice fruit come from hero. If
they are disappointed the first year it
will bo a serious misfortune, a material
injury to our prospective fruit industry.
Our people should remember that Cali
fornia fruit is shipped to Portland in
abundance, and it is usually picked and
packod so as to present a nice appear
ance. The special aim of Roguo livor
fruit exporters should be to send a sup
erior quality of fruit to market fruit
that will command a higher price, at
least a readier sale, than tho California
article. They can do this if they will
They have the fruit hero but they must
remember that tho neglected orchards
also yield a large amount of 6crubby, in
ferier fruit, and wo must learn to do as
the thrifty people of other countries do
send the finest of their products to
market, and keep for their own use
what isn't worth sending. Such a rulo
as this would insure a high reputation
lor our orchards, and might perhaps lend
to tho improvement of products, if the
people care for good things themselves.
Turkeys u Pest Destroyer.
Our vine-growers are on the lookout
for turkeys. A market for two or three
thousand young turkeys could bo found
at tho leading vineyards. They want
them to range in tho vineyards and
catch the slugs that arc now attacking
the vines. They found tho turkey an
excellent hand at the business. Tlicy
would biro men and set them at work,
but a sufficient force is not obtainable
when needed. But tho turkey does the
work nearly as well as a man, and whilo
catching tho worms is earning his own
food. Then, too, after tho worm-catching
season is over, he will tell for as
much or more than ho cott in thn first
place, and thereforo ho is a more valu
able employe than a man would be. Wo
think it would pay the largo vine-growers
to put up incubators and ecry
spring have a largo brood of young tur
keys ready to turn into the vineyards.
Fresno Republican.
Oregon's standard remedy for indi-
rion, dyspepsia and lo of appetite,
Henley Dandelion Tonic.
Many persons speak of moths run
ning outbeos. It is a question with in
telligent beekeepers whether tho moths
ever do this. If from any cause, such
as being without n queen, or disease, or
wasting away, a colony becomes weak,
or extinct, or nearly so, tho moths may
enter the hive, tako possession and lay
their eggs, from which tho larvro aro
hatched. But in such cao it would bo
a mistake to assumo tho destruction of
the bees was duo to tho moths. Moths
love darkness rather than light, as other
evil doers, and henco doposit their eggs
in cracks and crevices about hives whoro
bees cannot roach them. Even tho
hatched larvro are cowardly croatures
and hide themselves away, or a colony
of healthy, active bees would soon de
stroy or chase them away. It is said n
handful of Italian beos is sufficient to
dofendahivc against moths. A porson
who has written about tho management
of bees says he has put frames of honey
containing their larvro into a hivo of
Italian bees, and in half an hour has
scon the beos bringing them out. Ono
should bo careful, however, not to leave
croviccs about tho hives in which moths
may lay their eggs, and from which the
emerging larva may find access to tho
comb, whero, once buried in it, the boos
may not be ablo to reach them. Es
pecially Bliould no old comb bo left ly
ing near tho hives, or in the apiary or
bee house. Whero poultry havo accoss
to the apiary ground they catch tho
moths and the larvro as well when thoy
come in Bight or can be scratched up.
Poultry therefore should lo allowed to
run in the grounds occasionally, and
continuously whero the prcsonco of tho
moths or their larvro is suspected.
Vitriol Your Wheat.
Poultry houses should bo cleaned out
every week or two at the farthest and
tho scrapings placed in barrels or boxes
mixed with an equal quantity of dust
or very dry pulverized earth. Tney
should also bo whitewashed oarly in tho
spring, once or twice in tho summer and
late in mo lull. ior tho msido ol a
house tho wah should contain two tea
spoonsful of crudo carbolic acid to every
bucketful of tho limo wash, which lat
ter should bo applied to every corner
and crevice ol the building. If tho
Jloors aro of plank, clean them off nicely
and cover with a few inches of fresh
earth. Dirt floors should bo dug up for
at least six inches. Tho windows should
bo kept clean so that tho fowls may sco
daylight, and in bad weather, or when
confined, enjoy themselves much better.
Tho roosts Bhould bo washed every week
with kerosonco oil and tho nest-boxes
washed insido and out and fresh straw
added, sprinkling tho samo with a little
sulphur.
Sometimes tho good housowifo wishes
to know how to cook an old hen. Ono
who has been experimenting in this
matter for some timo says in tho
Scientific American : "I killed a hen
which was so old, that cooked in tho or
dinary way, she would havo been uneat
ably tough. Instead of being thus
cooked sho was gently stewed about
four hours. After this sho was left in
tho wator till cooled, and on tho follow
ing day was roasted in tho usual man
ner in a reacting oven. Tho result was
a perfect success: sho was as tender as
a lull-grown young chicken, and ol
quite equal flavor. This surprised me.
I anticipated the softening of tho ton-
dons and ligaments, but supposed that
tho extraction of tho juices would have
spoiled tho flavor. Tho usual farm
houso method of cooking old bens is to
stew them simply, but the main feature
of the abovo experiment is tho supple
mentary roasting.
Holiteln Cowt.
Grade Holstoin cows bcom to milk
about as well as full bloods. One grado
cow in my herd, as a two-year-old, gavo
about ten thousand pounds. When
fresh tho produced ten gallons a day.
Sho never goes dry. Several half-blood
Holttcins, threo yoars old, and from
high grade Short-horn cews, produco
when fresh from fivo to foven gallons n
day on grass alone, and, of course, when
thoy aro fully matured they will yield
much more. Ono grado Hnlstcin heifer,
from a pure bred Short-born cow, when
two years old gave forty pounds of milk
a day. Corr. Western Agriculturist.
A iiddi Found.
A valuable saddle was found on tho
night after tho circus was at Salem.
Full particulars can bo had by address
ing or calling upon Win. A. Taylor, at
Mucleoy Poet Office, Marion county, Or.
Mr. J. S. Douglas and Mr. Jeff Harris,
living near Dallas, in Polk county, called
this week, and in tho courso of thoir
convoisat'on spoko of vitrioling wheat,
etc. They both had somo interesting
experience on this subject. Mr. Doug
las spoko of a Gorman family, neighbors
of his, who did not vitriol, and as a con
sequenco it is all smut, llo passed
through it Monday, and assures us that
thoro was scarcely ono trood head in
eight. It seems the German harvested
a fair crop last year by not vitrioling,
and triod it again this year with indif
ferent success. Mr. Harris says that ho
had a small strip on which ho sowed
half a biishol of unvitrioled wheat as
an experiment. There is not any of it
but what is smutted whilo that which
ho vitrioled is all right nnd doing well.
There has boon an occasional success
mado by planting wheat not vitrioled,
but it will not pay. Thoro is only ono
way and that is tho right way vitriol
your wheat Thoy report that tho crop
out-look is splendid, and heavy yields
aro anticipated.
Tne Sham Battle at McMlnnvlUe.
An attache of this papor was at Mc
Minnvillo last woek and participated in
tho festivities of tho sham battle and
G. A. It. reunion that occurred on tho
15th, 10th and 17th inst. Tho weather
was extremely showery, and tho atten
dance was anything but what was ox
pected. Tho management has lost heav
ily and has not oven tho satisfaction of
knowing that it was a success. On
Thursday thoro was a largo attendanco,
and it was estimated that thoro woro
3,000 pooplo on tho grounds. Tho bat
tle was, considering tho number on
gaged, a success. There was no acci
dent to mar tho occasion. AVo do not
think tho pcoplo of McMinnvilo turned
out very strong to mako it a biiccoss.
There was a tcrriblo lack of accommo
dation, and had tho expected crowd
come whoro would thoy have been
packed?
Charlotto Thompson, with a complete
dramatic company will open at Heed's
Opera Houso, this city, on Friday even
ing for threo nights only. Tho ropor
toiro contains tho plays entitled " Jano
Eyre," "Miss Moulton," and "Nell
Gwynno." Miss Thompson comes to us
from tho Union Squaro Theatre, New
York and is said to bo an emotional
actress of raro merit. Sho is assisted by
Mr. C. G. Craig, a talented actor, Rc
membortho timo and place. Admission
$1, and 50c in tho gallery.
Giuni' has como upon Brother and
Sister Train of tho Harrisburg Dissemi
nator. Tho death of their only daugh
ter, Minnio O., aged 10 yoars 5 months
and 10 days, on Monday, July 2d, '81.
Thoy woro wrapped up in their child,
just budding into womanhood and tho
prayers of their friends aro that thoy
may bear up up uudor tho inconsolable
lObS.
Tho Not th American Review for Au
gust contains an articlo by Justico James
V. Campbell on "The Encroachments of
Capital" which will command the seri
ous attention of all readers. Richard
A. Proctor treats of "Tho Origin of Com
ets," and succeeds in presenting that
difficult subject in a light so clear that
persons who havo little or no acquaint
ance with astronomy can follow his ar
gument. "Aro wo a Nation of Rascals?"
is tho startling titlo of an articlo by
John F. Hume, who shows that states,
counties and municipalities in tho Unit
ed States havo alroatly formally ropudi
ated, or defaulted in tho payment of in
terest on, an amount of bonds and other
obligations equal to tho sum of tho na
tional dobt. Judge Edward O. Loring
finds a "Drift toward Centrali.ation" in
tho roccnt judgment of tho United
Statos Supremo Court on tho power of
tho Federal Government to issue paper
money, and in the opinion of the minor
ity of tho same court rendered in tho
suit for tho Arlington property. Julian
Hawthorne writes of ''Tho American
Element in Fiction," and there is a sym
posium on "Prohibition and Persuasion,"
by Neal Dow and Dr. Dio Lewis.
Do not waste your monoy, and risk
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has a record a remedy that overybody
knows in reliable Hall's Hair Rcnowcr
will invigorate, strengthen, and beautify
the hah:, rentoro its color if faded or
turned gray, and render it soft, nilkcn
and lustrous.