r,Z- ( imuM every Week by tho 4XTtLAiF.TTE r mm.r rrni ismxK . TKUM3 OF 8d.Scr.lIfIUf. One year, (Postajc paid). In ltnce t 3 00 U montln, (Potasc rH). 1" """; 124 Ittti Uuui elx month will be, per month ... .23 ADVEBSISINO RATES : MMrtlaeroent will be Inserted, prOTMuifUi are eipeetable, at tho following table of rates I One Inch of pce per month I "W tbiee Inches of upwe per month 6.WJ r ae-hall column per month ;.. 16.P0 Ja column per month SO.GO 9-A Himtj rrmlea fnl fFRft no ftDnlirfttlon. Publication Office: No. 6 WasM-itton Btrtet. Up In. rooms No. E and Ci ; Notice to Subscribers. We pu'JMi only a radilwit number of tho lVrjint to BTinply acttnl l repaid ul tcrlUr nu e cMintt up. ply l'tV nun-ber. It It U JetlrJ jiiMi tl'x m n ioiri fll femes they mutt imlfl lo ten 1 In their rraimH 111 BM.pIntln.il to reach Into oOlre bcfoic txplihtion JVAIIinlieuIhtrt imiUII lij theprlntml tajon-St (Wthttr paj.tr emctly alien llidr time will p!re."H Anoiher lnipoitint point Al.f. COMMUNICATIONS AtfD Z.I.TTBKS MIKiVI.U UK Alt)tlI.SSEDT0 THH "iin.Li'nr.iri: Kiitm.ii." izrANYONK itKCKtVWO.A COPY OK TJIIS VAl'KIl WILL COXSIDllK I TAN INVITATION TO SCJ'iCKIUJi l'orvrMAvm: GrsF.iiAi, CIkemiam, when .it fttj. Paul, lately, made arrangements ho Unit n daily iimil will icach l'oitlnnd in 1!)5 hours from Now Yoik, equal to (Ho and n quaitcr days; in four anil a half dnyh from Chicago and four daya from St. l'nul. Tho racifio mail oxprons tiain will commence running April Oth, .ind will nrrivo at Portland at 4 :"0 v. a., making tho ride down the Columbia by daylight. When tho Ainsnorth bridge it finished Htill better time can be inado. (jAhOAOlv in a name Migcidt'd by t'oiign'ssniiin Hicnts as (it for the now ritiile to hu created out Washington Ter ritory. 'lacoina or Talionia, signifying hcavenwind, nnd tho Indian nnino for that gi.ind pe.ik is nnotlicr; Yakima is another Indian rmmo that-is beautiful as well as euphonious. After indulging ill a little burlesque lulls alwitt these names tho Wall.i "Walla Union BoriouBly pio po'cw tho nnino of Whitman, after "tho man who faced savage foes, defied the elements, and gave hid life." This would o ily be n bust rf cognition of his grcnt sac rificoH. Tic garo not only his own life, Ini tin' life of ii noble, great-hearted woman wont out to nave this beautiful laud to American institutions. In all dihCiisMoni or reminiscences there is lit tle said or thought of the part taken by a woman in thin fearful scene of death; her lnuiiu should nlways bo woven in with that of Matcus Whitman. TiikKi.ati.u: HcruhL, doesn't h.o tho nutter of luwspnpor copyright exactly .in those newspapers do thai havo not a monoiHily of dispatches i. . ' lun't see tlint other journals have in lights or thill iciiIcih Hhotildget the nens ict'pt tliiough privileged columns. AVo lmvo solved tho imetion for ourselves thus: OmgicH recognizes this to ho an ago of .iiiti-iiioiiiipoly mid will not dare to perpntiulo a news monopoly, thoioforu llonry Wiitloi.ion is wnHtiug his time. Not conceiving that thore- i any danger tlmt Congio-41 will pab hiiuIi a law wo conclude not to wui-to time on the Mibjeet. The arri'gmua which monopoly is nine m display when it can !s frhown as plainly in the nutter of now iip.ipors as in nihoads or Ulographs and isipiitu as dnitgcitfiis if allowed its way. Hut, n wo ":ml befoie, this being an anti itioii(ndy tigo we leave the woild lo liet tho i.ut at its loinuro. WI1SAT JAIIMKn UKCERTAIN 'llio stagnation in blend .-hill's that has piewiihd since last linncht, nnd is cer tain to ptovnil until next hamv't, is iilcelr tn bn followed by another year of depression. So far us uu can lourn, all I'htropn has good pio-poots for tho com ing crop. We tin not hear of any Kri- oui damage to giowitig wheat anywhere in tho world. North Ainoilcn gives piomiso of an Abundant yield; India is probably eeitain to turn oil' an increased production; ISusma will doubtless umuI heavy supplies to Knglnnd. Judging 'rjmtho (tloi)k for the world's har vits. ISSl will Ihi a year of marked iilimul.uirc, and that uic.ius low piicos. It ishatdlx to bo oxpiK'lixl Unit the freight market will Jo to decidedly in jur (aor auotluir year, though wo need not nntU'iitM wry high freight . To limit) to an opinion of muho noit, we -liould say that our fainu'r will be very foilumitti if they itilUl tiny imjirovc uont on tho hituatiou. It uppctu to us, iteiglilngall ootwidcnitions, that the chance are agsiiift tiny improvement, though the wluvit market is one of thoe things that are humanly inexplicable. Very natch depend on the surphu that ludiA mid Uutoia can throw on the I higlUh market. Should thoj countriei jurn'ah a hesvy aupply, tbfn the uiarkul WILLAMETTE FARMER: SALEM, OREGON, APKIL 4, 1884. will always bo dopnwsod. But we do hot see that India can grow wheat to any especial advantage. It requires ir rigation, nnd that involves heavy ex pense in production that wo know noth ing about. "We must still grow wheat largely, but tho point we wish to make is this: Evory pprson should have a variety of products to sell, and so bo ablo to hold any crop that is not in favorablo de mand. Tho man 'who must sell has no oiition. The man who enn place differ ent things on the market can generally get a fair price for something. The con dition of tho wheat market is such that a lesson should bo learned in favor of mixed farming. The question then comes What shall an Oregon farmer raise? The two export staples are wheat and wool. Hoth aro dcpie-cd. Oats have commanded a fair price and a lim ited market, but there never has been a year when oats would not pay finely. We shall say, raise souio oats to sell. Good hay is geneially fribiblo overy spring l..e"y tiirin should have ample hay land. tWendov-b will fill your barn, and when winter h out if you wi'h lo froll, yoiicri'i grucralli do fro at n good iguie. Hay is always denier in May than in Novembur. Another crop that piomisM well, o-i na average, is hops. 'ihey involi'e much trouble for equip ment and for curing them properly, and many persons aro not calculated for the business. One mti't have enough hops to bo nbk to handle them well. It is a ciop liable to disappointments. Boot crops riqtiiro considerable work and are uiicoitain, but the cultivation of pota toes is increasing of late, and so is the dumitnd. Tlioy have paid fairly for some j en i-s now Jiailey is noglectert with us, and so is corn. Itolh glow fairly in this region, if put in on good'soil and well cultivated. There is demand at home that should be supplied Wo do not hesitate to ad-vi-o more attention to llio dairy and tho poultry j aid. Ilighthcie is a lesourco that is sufficient to inmiro prosperity to the farm, if improved. Kery farm should kwshcfp and pigs, o that tho home meat supply shall be ample, and havo more or ! for snle. Let your work stock be mines and bring colts: have good cows, ff you can, offer townspeople good milch cows of your own laisiug, and you will make a good prico for them. Sorno stock must lie kept to itittko tho faun pay. Trobnbly thoknoury is moie in slock than in la bored crops. Another imporlunt featuie is the or chard. Of court, tho fruit can fall oif and lot, and does do so in many cases, but your true orchardist has preparation for drying fruit, so sates and makes all profitable. Thoio is a great doal of hard work in wheal growiug, and not a gieatdealof monoy. We have tried to chow how you can lobsen your wheat aereiigu, have more variety and certain ty, and bo tnr more independent. Think itover ' Study and pondor it, nud try to And i-onie way to cmancipalo yourself fioni this bondage that Oregon has fallen into, lo wheat giowing. Sow grass and r.iihe hlcsik on permanent pasture, nud do some of those other things wo alludo lo, and you will bo moro successful. ALL ABOUT POLITICS It is only fair (hat our ivadcis, tsmio of whom l.tko no other paimr, should havo ii liltlo tasto of politics that, too, from mi independent stand. "We occu py that position in journalism, and from looking over many of tho, nhlet jour- inils in the laud, can piobably offer you a fair statement of the political situa tion. The dispntchos bring in brief statements of tho workings at the polit ical centrr Washington is tho great hive of national politics, and all Stntes aro well represented there. Just now the letter wi iters aro working diligently to develop Homethlng from their persist ent intn views and gossiping Thoy woiu agree that Samuel J. Tildon would lw the candidate of choice for Democrat nil over the United Slates, if litSwa physically slrijng enough to try I ho i son Mr. Tildon is quite aged and fpe.iks in a whisper. He has his faculties clearly, bht shows ngo greatly much Im was ncuudid.ito in lS7t. The ivipiilur btinf is thsl ho wus wronged tlut he wat elected then, and should h.svo Im I llio oil! c. That feeling and tho goncral coulldotico in his bounty and ability would count xtrongly fir him in lk cuiivs.s, If Mr. Tildeu c.u) make the canvas, it is likely In? will iv l-tjv) till) IRUllilUtUUV As to other Democratic candidates, thoit) i talk of a number. MeDonald, of Indiana, loads well; .Payne, of Ohio, Scnidor-eleot, ii named Flower, o( New York, Uwidall, of Pwinsylvania, llayurd, of LMawar. MorrUoa, of Illinois all arc iiauiod ivnmmonly, bui no one f these H!cm to bo satisfactory or capa bio of arousing eiillitieiani. To tell the truth, the Dcmociacy stem as jet all at sea about their Presidential campaign. They may take up some soldier -of the war, as they did Hancock. What nils thcin is the tarifftroublc, foi a strons fac tion in Congrcfs follows llandall in fator of protection. The tariff question di vides and distracts tlum in Congress and elsewhere to some extent. -Repub licans claim a great advantage over them in the residential race, on account of the tariff, as several Southern State favor protection for their manufactures; Ohio and somo olhors want protection for their wool. As to tho Republicans, they havo de cided candidates., and some not so de cided. John Logan wants to be Presi dent, and Grant favors his nomination. Logan is not strong onough to carry some neeilccl uouutiui states. ,ionn Sherman is not a cnndid.ite, but they say hofnvoishis brother, tho General; tho latest news of him is that he is not much of a Republican, but rather fa vors Domocracy. Robert Lincoln is talked of. Hob is a good follow and much respected for him Bolf, as well as for being the son of his father. Ho is too young yet, and will do to keep on hand for futuro promotion. Oraut nnd Blaine aro not openly candidates, but to day there is a gioat expression being made in tho East in favor of Blaine; Grant is said to bo quietiy looking out for Grant; Conkling-is in tho confidence of great corporations, who employ him as counsel and pay him fabulous sums as retainers. He is aitisfied and happy to bo making monoy ; so ia Blaino; i-o is Grant. Geo. F. Edmunds of Vermont, the long-time Senator, is the most likoly candidate for the ltepublicans. Ho ac tually doesn't want it, and keeps on doing unpopular acts that would injure his prospects. Good pcoplo through tho nation want Edmunds, because ho doesn't want anything himself, and is a man they can depend on as competent and honest. Hawley, of Connecticut is mentioned as a Republican candidate. Thcro are enough who would gladly havo it, even if General Sherman and Senator Edmunds would not. The gonoral opinion is that tho elec tion will bo closely contested; that as Now York State goes, so will go the Presidency; that the great boiio of con tention will bo the tariff; that tho Dan ville, V.i., and tho Copiah, "Miss., "out rages'' will give a text for a "solid North," and Ihore will bo a "'solid South" ns a matter of course If yon will all prom ise not to repeat, wo will give you dur private opinion, which can bo depended on as correct ; that i : I'arties exist without principles distinct enough to quarrel over. It is not that they differ on principles, but they all want tho of fices; they want jKiwer, which means money and glory and all that. There is no reasonable exctuo for sectional issues, no diffcrenco in principle to worry about ; so if tho country has good harvests and good times, we can ciuhuo any Presi elont tho people will caro to elect. To toll tho truth, wo aro far moio iuteie.stcd in the crops than in tho oloctiou. PROSPECT FOR PRICES. Talking with a prominent farmer lately, ho said he expected low prices for products next year, exactly hb the Fakmek said last week. He remarked that when he expressed his opinion to any other farmer, he appeared not to rolish it. It is true that tho truth is sometimes not ngrceablo to hear, but no man can succeed who goos on any other basis than truth. Now, suppose thd FAnMEn should mnko you beliovo that you can expect good prices and will have large crops. Naturally you would bo elated with the prospect nnd would 1k apt to anticipate this prosperity by making engagements, or perhaps incur debt, and to pay this debt you might havo to soil wheat for what you can get. Wo study the markets in your interest. Wo soo tho prospect for good crops, but wo do not see tho certainty of good prices. We might do much harm by flattering you with tho belief that tho market will be favorable. We prefer to warn you that you had best go slow, and rdndy economy. Make your old harvest mncbinery answer the piiipoo, if you can. Take caro of what you have and don't purchase anything you can do without. If wohaie good prices yon will not buffer harm, and if we do not, vou will lw snfi from harm. The Ftn uiwdotWt llattcr its' friends but trie to give j im points that you be governed by folloning your own judgment in the use tf our facts. The Kucene Joumnl think the fm't crop will bo short in that vicinity, a plum and audi fruits winter killed. In mm rccuon mm preHprco air victim m- TAXING MONET AND MORTOAOES. The question is asked: What condi tion does a mortgage occupy in relation to taxation since' Judge Deady has pro nounced the lately pnscd moitgago tax act unconstitutional? Tho law stands now exactly as it did previous to tho attempt of the .last Leg islature. Money as property is subject to assessment and taxation, .ind itis the duty of assessors to assess it wherever found, and of tax-collectors to collect tho taxe3 so assessed. Tho law was en acted to make more definite a fact that already existed. Tho holder of a mort gage can be taxed for it, nnd tho man who gives it can offset his indebtedness u me tax is inus coiieciuu, uuu uw otherwise. Tho new act went into thej mattf r more conclusively, and provided J iur iax collection on uiiniungaijusBni."' That law may be inoperative, and under thS old statutes it may bo possible that taxes cannot be collected on mortgages held abroad ; but when they f omo hero to claim payment of interest or princi pal, then they can bo nttachctl or gar nisheed, just as other property is. The present law is far-reaching, but may not bo easy of execution; still it will do un til we get another Legislature together to amend matters by something of an enactment that can stand the te-t. Tho decision of the U. S. Distinct Court is not so binding that wo can havo no law left. The finances of our Stute can be managed without much difficulty, as they have been in the past. WESTERN CONNECTIONS. Western Oregon and Washington will soon have excellent communication with the world and with the intoiior, or In land Empire that is, if tho transporta tion enterprises that wo aro in need of conic to pass. Timo will no doubt seo a system of railroads that will make As toria their objective point. Roads will develop the coast line of Western Ore gon and Washington, north and south of the Columbia, nnd connect the mouth of tho great river with Portland and this valley. It is in the nature of things tliat the Short Line shall cross Middlo Oregon and strike across the Cascades towards Yaquina Bay. . The surmises as to What source supplies means for the completion of the Northern Pacifio say that the Short Lino people are helping, and again that the Central Pacific are aiding. It is also said the Central peo ple own the control of the O. R.- & N. Company. We don't seo why they should not, since tho stock has been very low. It can be counted a calamity for Oregon if they do. Tho Oregon Pacific will soon be com pleted, and will give connection with San Francisco by steamer, in fifty hours. That will be quite an advantago to our peoplo iu the way of trade. It will en-, courage trading with San Franeiuco rather than with Portland. The coast railroad to connect Coos Co. with tho O. Si C. at Eoseburg is another very imtiortant enterprise. It will bring Coos Bay and Roseburg into close connection with San Francisco. Matters aro thus shaping to oncourago trade between a largo part of Western Orogoh and the city at the Golden Gate. There is uncertainty, ns to completing the road, through to California. Wo hear tho prediction ?uado that connec tion won't le made until the C. P. peo ple own the whole line. It looks as though they were detonninod to own it and all 'the connections. They can and no doubt will buy up tho narrow gaugo ronds in this valley as a t'tep towards the desired end. more cowrmmoHAL QUESTIONS The' veteran landlord of the Chemek eta Hotel, Salem, Mr. "Wesley Gr.ics, tells us that he hears from some mem bers of the coming Legislature, who wish to secure accommodations, and say thoy expect to be hero on timo, in Septem ber, as heretofore. The State constitu tion says tho Legislature shall moet bi ennially, on a certain day in September, until otherwise provided for" by legisla tive enactment. The last session pro vided for folding tlje sosmoii in January, It was n wise provision, for tho scsion has heretofore been held in a busy Eoa son, and has greatly incommoded many who attend. To meet in January and Febiuary is to utilize the mot useless time in the whole year, when tho farm er's woik stand still, and all kind.- of bu-tiness are dull.! A feeling of sJli.-fuctiou c.xhtc.l at tho new arrangement, but now comes cou stitutioual question to'hpset the,. new law. The constitution provide for bi ennial legislation once in two year?. The legislature mot in the fall of 1SS2, aud to January, 18S5, would be two year aud four mouths. Here it the quandary that, threaten! to hold u jo tho old order of things. The question then is : How shall wo manage to change, to January? Evidently tho coming sea sion must enact tthat the, next' session shall meet in January, 1SSC. Perhaps tho difficulty can be some way arranged, but it looks now as if tho law could not stand. Him Pries Apples. Of Into Tortlnnd has received somo hundreds of boxes of apples from Jackson county. These havo sold for a very high price. Wine Saps $2.00, Yellow Newtons $2.50, and choice lota S.OO, many apples came in sacks. Tons of dried apples came in sacks, because jsoa60nci iuber was not to bo had. i , en PROSPECTUS. ttsor the rtmrosE or placing the W 1LLAMETTE FARMER W llhln the reach of ctery fanner tn the racific North west, c shall after thit date reduce the price u follcns : Onelrar, In Adtnnrr... . $ 3.M. lllb of Ten, (money with nmrj) . . IS. OS Clulxof Fltr. (money with namce,) K.K Postage hhuui will oot be taken for Subscription!. This rr.v achedule of prices ia meant to accommodate all classes and leave no room for complaint or dissatisfaction. Ac the prie named above this paper is the cheapest oa the Paoific Coast. As many persons hare objected to beiac askedto pay in advance we reduce the sab scription price to those who make advance payment and shall never deviate from th terms stated. You can make money by pre payment, and we prater that all ehauld pur sue that plan. We intemj to make a farmers' paper that every farmer in the land w ill need ad will not willingly do without. Wi VKliEHSTAKii the interest f agricul tnr in all this region and Intend to con tinually study and work for tho advancement of the class we represent. We have correspondent in all uctioni of the Pacific Northwest who will report the success of farming in every locality. e shall accp pace witn production ia every department, and report, throueh cor respondents and from personal cbservatlon, all important facts concerning farming in all Its brandies, including productions ol grain. grasses fruits and vegetables; concerning stqck raising, the value of cattle for meat and for dairying; of horses for all purposes; of sheep for wool and mutton, or both; of (wins and poultry. Also, as to bees and honey. We siull continue to stndy the market and inform our patron on all points, so that they will be able to judge the situation for themselves. Our old patrons will bear wit ness we have worked faithfully, in this con nection, in the past. We shall do so in the future. No daily newspaper in Portland has ever given the producers of the country iuah olear views of the world's crops and market a the Farmer often doe. Our market re port hav been worth hundred of thousands to the producers of thi region. We shall carefully cull such miscellaneous matter for uie as will benefit and laitracf both young and old. The Farhzr aim to b an educator in every department of life. OCR rditouiai.s will freely and independ ently discus every quMtion that interest the ptop!c from the standpoint of right. So far as We bare influence, it shall be exerted in favor Of god principles, good government, true re ligion, temperance aua lor education 01 the -musnes of the General aud State Govern ments. Thk 1Iomk Circle ia edited by a lady of mature experience in the labor of the farmer, and well acquainted with the way of the world. She interest herself in all the duties and pleasure of home. Thousands bear wit ness to the good influence the Farhxr exerts in many home to make the lives of motkers, wives and children better and happier. As a family r.u-KB tho Fabmer sustain the closest relations to the people and exer cises the most salutatory influence. The Wit lahmtk FAnura is not local in charac ter, .is the mine miglitmiilead you to believe. It was named fifteen years ago, when the Willamette Valley waa Oregon, but it has ex panded and crown with the growth of the country and irpreseut all the agriculture of Oregon and Washington. Til I .sis the farmer's own organ, open' f or all to relate experience, seek information, and state any grievance they may have to com plain of atrainst whoever and whatever seeks to oppress or deceive them. Our columns be leng to the people, aud the value of the Far- . MKii chiefly depends on such popular utter ance'. The Kditor bring to your assistance the experience of 33 yeai spent in thi region; intimate knowledge of the countryj many year connection with agriculture and twelve year' auquaititauce with many of you in the columns of the Farmeh. The redaction of price is mado in expecta tion that it will bring increased circulation. We aai every friend to aid ns in that respect, and shall appreciate the good will of all who do ao. ' JUST RECEIVED ! A Large Invoice or our SPRING STOCK Plrect from NEWYORK. Other Skiiueuts will soon follow. OLDS&KING, Thi lifters m Low Pricts- I8C Firt Street, PORTLAND, OR. to MUmg Orators b7 Mil.