WILLAMETTE PARMER: tfALEM, OBEGON, MAKCH 14, 1884.
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Ornct or Wmumstti FAKr, )
February 28, 188S.
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INVITATION TO .SOIiSCRINK.
Tun value of different kinds of Lay
is worth knowing mid our friond A. S.
Powell, of near Albany, has made, by
accident almost, a test that is satisfactory
ind conclueivo so far as it goes. In his
ho hud oat hay on top, red top
hay under that nnd timothy below tho
others. In feeding his cows ho noticed
great change in going from oat hay to
red ton. Tho milk was moro abundant
' ind the butter as yellow as gold. Tho
maker of tho butter called attention to
did change nnd improvement and adked
(ho cnuso, which Mr. Powell ultrilmtss
to the chango of graH. Itod top iinally
gave out and then camo timothy, which
produced white buttor. Ho considers
tho red top hay very valuable for butler
making. It onlyyiolds about a ton and
x half to tho aero, nnd timothy about
two and a half tons. Animals require
loss of tho red top as it contains moro
jeod, being very heavily proportioned of
the seed. " It is a quostion if tho rod top
grown on an ncro is not woith as nuich
48 an aero of timothy. Mr. Powell
ranks red top first, timothy next and
oat hay last for making butter. Such
experiments aro very valuable nnd we
shall be glad to have a gioat many such
bits of exporienco reported to the Wir.
lami:ttk Kaiimkk.
BE SELF-SUPPORTING.
eggs M.U chickons, helps out a liv
ing amazingly, and it is clear gnin, for
with half-way good management ,ou can
sell enough eggs and spring chicks to
more than pay all costs. Tho vegetables
should bo in good supply, especially po
tatoes, cabbages and onions, these last
are very healthful. A few turnips and
parsnips do very well. Deans and peas
out of tho gardon aro excellent in spring
and summer. It is even possible for
a patch of sorghum to furnish sirup for
your cakes and general sweetening. A
little flock of turkeys pay well under
some circumstances. If you can mako
a fish pond you can have a splendid va-rietv.
What ought a farmer to buy? Noth
ing save coffee,, tea and sugar. Perhaps
a few spices but the fewer tho bettor.
He can get along with his garden and
fields for a grand, good living. Just a
little good management will furnish n
well stocked larder all the year round,
and need not pay out a dollar for any
thing eatable, and still have moro than
abundunce to feed a prince.
Wo huvo tho farmer's necessaries cut
down to a small range of articles. Ho
can live on his farm, almost entirely, and
make tho dairy and poultry pay for tea,
sugar and cofl'ec. The clothes of a fam
ily are not very costly and tho keeping
up of farm tools will not be costly items
if they are- well cared for. Take tho
other view of it nnd suppose tho farm
produces only wheat, or anyother single
jirodnct,and buys all the rest, and let
us see how it will work. In tho first
place there must ho a good harvest or
hard times. Divided among many items
tho farm is a much surer thing to live
by. Wheat ripons only in summer,
whereas mixod farming brings in some
thing all the time. If you only rcalizo
aftor wheat is harvested your farming is
like a jug handle, all on one side. Then
you have to timoyourrlurchaso and sup
plies. It is inconvoniont to bo paying
out all the time whon there is no income.
It ii constantly to buy some necessary
thing and go after it. Now if all, or
nearly all, woro grown at homo it would
save much running about, chafing as to
price niul quality, etc. it js not neces
sary to continue tho argument. Tho
farmer who grows all he can of cvory do
sirable nrticlo is very much better off,
better fed, bettor supplied and should
bo by all odds the happier nnd mot
ptoperoiis man.
PRONOUNCED UNCONSTITUTIONAL
K)ery farm should bo ns near as pos
sible, Rolf-supporting, that K it should
produco everything timsibln that the
farmer needs. Of o it may bo that
. -who articles can bo Uji.ht cheaper than
they can bo grown, to it would 1k econ
omy lo buy rather than attempt to grow,
but so far ns it is iosiblo tho fanner
should raise everything needed to bo
. :onumwl on tho place, in any form. A
littlo buckwheat is excellent for winter
breakfast cakes. Kvury farm should
arrow an aero. So with rye, if tho farm
er's wife likes brown bread, nnd every
farmer enn irrow corn enough to afford
his family corn bread ami corn meal for
onkes nnd mush. What is needed is n
wholesome variety. If tho farmer grows
enough com, ryo and buckwheat to fully
mtiify homo needs and has a littlo of
Vh Hour lo sell, so much tho better. It
1 good policy to linvo a hop vino or to,
beoaiie-o hops aro a very useful thing to
litivo and at times have medicinal tibcs.
Tho garden shoul.l havo horseradish in
it,curiauls and ratpboirics around tho
sides, blackberries vthero tho spring can
water them. Them should bo sago and
other berks growing in tho fonco cor
uors, bccaiiMi ono is sure to need them
some time or other. In old times a far
mer's wife had her heibii put tip as regu
larly as the year went round. Of course
ovory farm should havo orchard enough
for homo supply, and and you can plant
out a dozen or- so uracil trees. Shelter
thorn a littlo at tho time when they aro
blooming uud your treo is sure to bear.
All fruits should bo in abundance, not
excepting Htrawbenies. ' They afford
nuch ndelieious feast when ripo nnd you
can dry and enn some more and have a
utpply in abumlaneo all tho year. It is
very probablo too, that thcro will In) a
market for' both green uud dried fruits.
Usiyo cowsj with milk, cream, buttor and
nhocse, and ou hae a groat part ot a
liwug but you cannot afford to buy
them. Grow pe;u enough to fatten your
yigs, and carrots to ftedjourhorMviaiul
cattle to keep their health in tho winter.
Have tho boat of bacon nnd lard and
hams and shoulders ami you will find
use for them. The littlo baud of sheep
can spare a dozen head for mutton dur
ing the ytvir, and by exchanging with
your neighbors you can have fresh mat
all the tiuim Tho poultry yunl, with
The suit brought by tho Duudco
Mortgage Company to tost tho validity
of tho mortgage tax law, beforo Deady,
of the U. 8. Circuit Court, was decided
last wot'lc by tho law being pronounced
unconstitutional. Tho court held that
while money loaned by a foreign compa
ny would not Iks subject lo taxation in
Oiogon if tho loan was mado in Dun
dee, when the loan was mado by an
agent who resides hero that makes it
subject to taxation the shiuc ns other
loans on property. The court, however,
hold tho law unconstitutional because it
conllicl 'with tho constitution where it
foibids special legislation. For instance,
it prohibits a mortgage covering proper
ty in mora than ono county, in not be
ing applicable aliko to all mortgages it
is pronounced special legislation nnd
tuprriotii unconstitutional. As to the
soundness of tho decision wo huvo no
opinion to givo as it involves nice points
of l.iwN Judge Deady has been vory
prouiinunt in connection with Oregou
legislation. Ho was a member of tho
coinentkm that framed the constitution,
has loon on tho bonch for over a quar
tor of a century and was ono of tho com
niibsioii to codify tho laws in 1SG2 1. Ho
is couriered a sound lawyer, so wo ac
cept tho decision without question.
Tho moitgngo tax law has performed a
thoroughly good work in our Stato be
cause it has wakened public opinion to
tho necessity of legislation to onforco
collection of taxes on all property. Four
or live years ago tho Farmed showed tho
fact that many millions of money that
was in our Stato evaded taxation. This
was tho fust journal to call attention to
tho matter and demand efficient legisla
tion for tho enforcement of a just rove
uuo law. If the present law is allowed
to pa-s as not valid thcro will bo littlo
harm done. Tho law was not perfect
and tlid not go far onough to accomplish
all Unit was needed. Money not on
moitgago should bo assessed, but can
easily ovaito tho assessor unless wiao
moro stringent act is devised. The leg
inUturu to meet uext winter will luvo
thorough information concerning the
whole subject uud the yotors will un
doubtedly select men who command
their confidence, and let them show be
forehand that they understand tho mat
ter ami aiv interested to ccurt a thor
oughly good rouuo law.
tion has puzzled tho greatest minds of
all countrios for all ages. There is hard
ly a good and sufficient system in exist
ence because selfish interests prevail to
prevent. Great combinations of capital
manage to be felt and silently accom
plish their own ends. It seems as if a
simple law could be devised to reach all
aliko. Our old statute law was good
enough but was never suitably enforced.
Assessments were never properly made
and the study of tax-payers seemed to be
to evade taxes. It is positively certain
that many millions of values go untaxed
yet it seeks protection of the law. The
oft-setting of debt causes a great deal of
trouble in that direction. It gives an
opening for those inclined to be dishon
est to evade taxe3 and many uso it. The
new law must be very special, very
strong, very stringent, and provide for
enforcing its penalties so that people will
not dare to invite the law's judgments
Tho only way is to compel every tax
payer to file a statement of all his pos
sessions, specifying to whom he has
loaned money and the amount. That
boing made a public record will invito
inspection and omissions will certainly
be reported. The same should be done
with indebtedness offset. The assessor's
return should specify every item of debt
and say to whom it is due. Further, to
simplify the collection of taxes the holder
of property should pay all the taxes, tak
ing a receipt of tho assessor for every
item, to bo turned in n3 payment of in
terest or principal. No indebtedness
should bo allowed without the debtor
specifics tho sum and to whom due and
himself pays tho taxes duo on the
amount sought to be offset. Here we
have a very plain and efficient yet sim
ple system of taxation that will obviate
every objection that ever can or ever has
been mado nnd will rcalizo for tho State
all its just income.
Under theso circumstances wa do not
look on tho failure of the law as a mat
ter for regret. It has well dono its work
in tho mattor of educating tho public
mind to a great duty. It will not belong
until another session meets and when it
docs wo shall look for the enactment of
a law that will be sound enough to stand
the constitutional test and good enough
to bring money to terms. So far as wo
aro individually concerned we have
gained definite views of tho question of
asossmont and taxation since the dis
cussion of tho law eommonced, and le-
lievo tho readers of tho Farmer can say
ns much. It is a subject that is as in
teresting as it is important Thoro is no
moro important subject for legislation
and yet thcro is none that cnuses
moro indifference. Tho thorough enn
vassingof tho wholo mattor will no doubt
continue in every journal in the State for
nino months to come, and tho moro it is
discussed tho hotter for tho Stato.
With an efficient Stato Board of Equal
ization and assessments mado nt a full
valuation, ns tho present law directs; and
with a system that can roach money, or
at lenst mako it vory dangerous for
monoy to play tricks on the assessors,
by enforcing heavy peualtics of fino and
imprisonment wnon it is attempted, wo
may hopo for a good showing of proper
ty, and hope, too, that tho landed pro
prietor nnd hard working producer will
not have to carry more than his fair
share of tho public burdens.
THE SEASON A FARM TALK.
Fortunately the sonsou has passed off
thus far in a rational way and we are
having March weather in March, which
was not apparently to bo a wcok ago.
Tho few warm days that camo when
winter broke answered nu excellent pur
po?o. Much land had been plowed for
spring seeding and nearly all, or ncurly
all of this was sowed and harrowed in
when tho ground was in tho best possi
ble condition for putting in seed. Though
tho pleasant weather was only for a short
while it saw a wide area put into spring
gram. Fruit buds woro starting rapidly
at. that timo and many fruit growers
were alarmed for fear that orchards
would bloom in March as was the case
last year. Soiao pi cdictod that tho fruit
crops would bo ruined again, but surely
old March asserted himself again ; fine
and June like days disappeared, storing
of sloet camo tlown as naturally us is
posbiblo for March, setting Kick tho rush
of spring vegctatiou. Tho prospect for
a fruit crop is above average and onr
neighbors in Idaho, Montana and Da
kota can deivnd on suppliiw of fruit from
Oregon.
From nil directions wo learn that the
wheat crop is in excellent condition. In
liuvcling'lhrough the country we occa
sionally hear ot wheat on low and wet
land that has boon injured but such aro
seldom met with and any such loss con
stitutes but a small proportion of the
whole. Fall
Grain was never in better condition in
tho middle of March. It is hardly pos
siblo that anything will occur to injure
tho grain fields after this. Lot us havo
average growing weather through tho
sprinir months and the whole Columbia
region will turn off an immense yield of
wheat.
Mr. A. S. Powell, who lives near Al
bany, informs us that he intends to ad
venture in two new paths the present
season. He will plant corn and potatoes
for the purpose of putting the samo land
in wheat next fall. It will require active
work but can bo done and wo believo
that he will find profit in it. Somothing
of that kind, if accompanied by using all
the fertilizers tho farm can make and
carefully save, will eventually becomo
our system. Our friend's fear is that
wheat buyers may, naturally onough,
try to get even on tho producers who
have had tho be9t of them the past sea
son about' ten cents a bushel. He is in
clined to beliovo that the price will not
be over 75 cents and his intention is to
raise quantity enough to make up any
possible low price. Ho also proposes to
raise more to the aero by more thorough
cultivation. There is sensible talk.
Here is a farmer who doesn't propose to
let the times move faster ahead than tho
Powell family does.
When wo saw friend Powell last he was
interested in Holstein cattle for dairy
uses, but ho tells us the difficulty of pro
curing good males discouraged him, so
he has let the Holsteins go. His present
idea (he has been back East and caught
some ideas there) is, to procure a good
Shorthorn male and use with good milk
cows of common stock. He .says and
we have .frequently read the samo that
tho first progeny of such a cross makes,
with almost certainty, a first-class milk
cow that stands at tho head for dairy
purposes. Those who keep well read up
must occasionally have seen notices of
first-clas3 dairies sustained by half-bred
Shorthorn cows, and that turn off A No.
1 gilt-edged buttor.
Speaking of that ho said the difficulty
of conducting a dairy will in Oregon lay in
the fact that no green and luscious grass
was to be had in three- summer months.
This led to to a discussion of ensilage
(we wero three hours together on the
train, from Portland to Salem) and ho
expressed an intention to make a silo
insido his barn. Ho was surprised when
we told him that ensilage had been suc
cessfully made hero. He said he was
intending to try something called mil-lot-maize,
as near as wo can catch the
word, that grows abundantly, quito tall
and will make eight to ten tons to tho
acre. Wo mentioned that evergreen
millSt or Johnson grass, though it kills
to the ground with the first sharp frost
and is slow and late to como up in tho
spring, is sid to mako an abundant
quantity of good and succulent feed all
summer. It is lopresented to us as at
fording for five month abundant greon
growth. It roots deep and is greon in
tho hot months. He expressed tho be
lief that if such a grass can bo had and a
field of it kept for summer pasture for
dairy stock, tliat dairying can be made a
perfect success. Now, who is there that
knows whether tins Johnson grass, or
evergreen millet oan bo made to grow all
summer in Western Oregon? It is said
to do woll East of the Cascados and if it
succeeds well there it will mako dairying
profitable.
On that samo journoy to Portland (wo
go every woek to look up market items)
we learned much of the mortality among
horses. It appears to be the worst in
Clocklamas, and wo elsewhere allude to
the suspicion that horses aro being pois
oned to create a market for fresh stock
that is to come. Mr. Tow ell had lost an
animal at his farm, near Albany, that
wns woll cared for. Horses are too valu
able to bo allowed to die off carselcssly,
and we quote from other nutlinritio
what is said on the subject.
Wo regret to learn that our friend W.
M. Powers, of Shedd, has been seriously
ill. Ho returned home from the Pio
ncer Excursion much improved and wo
hopo with tho coming warm and pleas
ant weather he will again bo about as
usual. We had it in prospect to visit
lum before tins, and when we do wo al
ways gather items ot value to our readers.
It is very gratifying to see tho winter
pa.sed away and spring commenced, all
under favorable circumstance. Our
producer havo suffered some lots from
two drouthy seasons following one ano
ther, and wo need a little encourage
ment. Our own experience has been
vory niuo) liku the balance of tho world.
We have carefully, cultivated a larce or!
chard and are waiting with anxiety to see
what it can do. It looks now as if all
fruit growers would havo a show. Wo
the world for a cu"tomer. There has
been a great demand for fruit trees and
Oregon nursorys nro sold almost clear
out. Wo do not lcaru of any verv large
orchards set out Many trees were
sent in tho fall to California. But the
demand for homo use has beon very
lnrgc and shows that the settlers through
the country aro determined to raise
fruit.
From nil the wide ranges wo read that
stock havo wintered well. That means
they have not quito starved to death.
Thoro should be a law requiring a
cattle or stock man to tako a certain
amount of care of tho animals he
professes to own, so as to show common
humanity in tho caro4 of them. Tho
winter has not been hard on Btock
owners, for thoy have lost few. Horses
havo suffered greatly in this valley but
otherwise stock have generally gone
through tho winter in fair order.
Hops continue to bear a fair price
though only a fair price. Parties are
offering to contract for next soason's
clip at 15 cents. Wo do not hear of
many new hop yards being planted,
J but enough wero plnntod last year lo
double tho product of tho Northwest."
Some of our friends havo helped us
a little on their familiar farm talks and
wo hope they will keep on. Give us
your experienco and pray don't leave it
all for tho Fakmeh to do itself, for it is
well awnro that it is blessed with an
unreasonable quantity of poor exporience.
Wo rake in points wherever wo go and
dish them up without fear or favor.
Ammcu'fl Cough Syrup never fails to care
if used in time nutl according to directions.
JUST RECEIVED !
A Large Invoice of our
SPRING STOCK
Direct from
NEWYOR K.
Other Shipments will
soon follow.
OLDS&KING,
The Leaders in Low Prices
186 First Street,
PORTLAND, OR.
TO.The rraateat care takes
in Oiling Oidora by stall.
luuiiiiu!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Dnrhsmlshlstoria It was neutral ground
dnrlnx th umlstloe between Sherman and
Johnson. Soldiers of both armies SUM
their pouches with the tobacco stored there,
and, after tbe surrender, marched home
ward. Boon orders came from East, West
North and South, for "more of that elegant
luuKvu." men, ion men ran an unknown
factory. Now It employs 800 men, uses the
pink and pick of the Oolden Belt, and the
Durham Boll Is the trade-mark of this, the
best tobacco In the world. Blackwell'a Bull
Durham Smoking Tobacco has the largest
Mle of anj smoking tobacco In the world.
Why? Simplr because it is the k..t an
dealer hare It Trade-mark of the Bull.
. '" J ! J
u XffHsK
ToOKOUTlgH- M
DURHAM MJJW gk 4L.
I bull M jptf1;-"
sssjgfgH If ho'd rone for a pack.
H aire of Blackwell'a Bull
tITsBsssssssi Durham Smoking To-
gH bacon, as ho was told, he
g. k BBsfasaSBJf wouldn't hare been
rjj gffsssssssr cornered by the buU.
STALION SHOW I
sown wheat looks uncom. cannot sell preen fmii .u '
This matter of &ve.Mi.it and taxa-'monly well and pnniis a large yield. 'hap., but we can dry it nicely and hav.v
Tho THIRD ANNUAL STALION SIIO.V
and Oraud Parade cf SUllioai, will be
Held at Salem, Otfis, Saturday,
March th.
Horses from the adjoining counties are ex
pected to be present and participate in the
exhibition. It it believed that this show will
be the largest of the kind ever held in the
G.u.ms Fisucr.
, , Tnos. KiiMcsnsos.
Ularl Committee.
StaU.
THE njQEE & COWARD CO'ii
WllL'TU Hi. EVEU.B&UMISO
ROSES
?fh5t?.ri?,,OTLANJ8'Pe,"PrB-
JSff. f ""'ta Bloom. Delivers
ri"'ii " ihimcj OHomcM.apieii
"'"JOurchoi..aaiabtluLfoxSII It
i'.2.'iSJorl3! '" 4 3Iors 7'
Prrit of cfiotco and valuable ROiCSfree
lJ.evrtT radar. Our NEW 00101, iVf"
"?," "? . M rp.bjl milnfi-frm
THE DiNOsfK CONAR CO.
1Uj.Ofew.ra. Wet . Oafs , fa.
USE ROSE PILLS.