Y 29 rs4. " no", ii
VOL. XVI.
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, FEDUUAR
jortin.lfiiral
FUUIT CROWING.
for its supply. It is piohnb'o that nmt
of our meie'.iantablo green fruit will
find a market there. All thing takon
into consideration vu must realize ihat
.a great opportunity is going past us,
beiiic wwlcd ; we aro poiniitting one of
tho most profitable source of production
ono best suited to .our locality and that
is nccc-uary to gi-o us diversity of pro
ducts to bo unimproved and to pa-s
into the hands of our moie enterprising
neighbor.
California has an incouio fioin or
chards, vineyards and othor fruit planta
tions, that will soon equal tho products
of her gold mines. l'"or ho yo.ir 1S82,
the value of fruits aggregated $5,000,000,
and in 18S.'3, increased to $7,500,000. At
that into of increase -which may bo
expected because tho greatest part of
the plantings are young the crop of
1885 will bo worth Jifti.cn millions of
dollais. It is true that California is
able, by having a semi-tropical dhmuo
to grow many fruits not congenial to
our northern climate. Tho grape and
tho pencil hie favoiito products thoie,
neither of which can bo giowu with le
ttable success in this section.
Every region has it own resouiccs as
well of climate and soil, as of mines and
forests. Oregon and the Pacific North
west cannot grow tho grape, tho fig, or
tho peach to perfection, but we can and
do raiso tho liticet varietios of fruit
known to temperate climos. With us
iho applo, poar, cherry and plum thrive
with great excollence and bear with uni
form reliability. Tho whole range of
small fruits blnckbcrry,strawbcrry, and
raspberry attain with us tho greatest
perfection in profusion. The apple is
worth as much in commerce as the
rango ; we can offset our other fruits
against the grape and fig, and our small
fruits can bo made to produce as much
us similar fruits can anywhere jn the
world. We have now much greater ad
vantages than fruit-growers had evon n
sjoro of years ago. Fruit canning is
comparatively a new business, and fiuit
drying is brought to perfection by cheap
and simple appliancos that aro within
the roach of every orclmulisf. Also, tho
great improvement in transportation
facilities gives us the whole world for n
market for our products. There is,
then, every inducement for us to pro
duce all the fruits natural to our region.
In California they are planting out
hundreds of thousands of trees of every
variety that thrives in that State. They
have exhausted the supply from homo
nurserys, have drawn heavily on Ore
gon nurscrys and have ordered from the
East also. Whilo this gieat enterprise
proceeds in our sister Stato, we, of Oio
gon, seem to prefer to sell our trees to
our neighbors to planting them out our
selves. Therois not a single nursery
man who has evon the enterprise to ad
vertise, probably di-e u ratted by the
apathy our people mam.' - towards fruit
culture. So far as appearances go to
prove anything wo have reason to be
lieve that fruit-growing will pay well.
All fruits seem to thrive with us that aro
proper to our climate. Tho fault seems
to bo that farmers do not care to wait
six or eight years for an orchard to liear
fruit. It cannot bo expoctcd that they
will bo remunerative in loss time-. Hut
once planted an oieharel is there for
many years. The lab ir of pruning can
be easily done and with a family drier to
work up fruit when there is not a mar
ket for tho green article, each farmer
can be a succetsful fruit grower on a
smallscale.
"Wo know of only a few large orchards
in all Oregon, whilo in California they
plant out hundreds and thousands of
acres as a budne. Capitalists there
take hold of it and carry it on with en
ergy. While there seems to bo a won
derful difference between tho people of
Orogon and California, gonorally, it re
ally does seem queer that our people
lack Iho enterprise to prosecute vith
vigorsueh a promising industry. What
makes it more peee-s.iry at prcseut is
that the opening up of the northern
country by the Northern Pacific rail
way creates a market through all the
two thousand inile between Portland
and St. Paul for our product. That re
gion cannot bucceufully grow.
will naturally look to fie Pacific coist.and the roots aro heaped upon them;)
THE CAH.S8 Pit KAMAS
EV KCinEKT i:. C. sri:AHKB.
It cannot be denied that the bill of
faro of tho California aborigine include
many articles repulsive in tho chIio
nomic table of civilized people s.ut it
also embraces many things Wt.' -vorth
the attention of palo faced cpiouu-,.
The old saying, that "there is - ac
counting for tastes," applies eqi ally to
articles of food as well as to am, ' s of
dress and objects. of ertu, to lie e, tex
ture and color. It is quito like . ihat
tho North American Indian has as high
regard for his standaid in these matlms
as tho whites bane for their-, and the
red man no doubt could turn the tables,
if not tho plate.-, upon us if wo should
eiiticise too closely tho details or ele
ments of the aboriginal euiine.
Among the dainties highly but not
unduly prizod by tho Indians, is tho root
or bulb of tho Cnma-s cecnlentn, or
Kanuhs, a wild hyacinth, which grows
in numerous places within a vast area,
extending from tiio ocean bhoro of the
Pacific us Ar as tliO,,Itoi:ky-Mountniris
and perhaps even further oast. In
many places it is very abundant.
Stephen Powers, inhis "Contribution
to North American Ethnology," in de
scribing the Wai-lak kia Indian-, who
live along tho western slopo of tho
Sha-ta Mountains, from North I'ol
river (above Hound valley) to Hay
Fork; along Eel and Mud rivers, extend
ing down tho latter about to Low Gap,
etc., sayj that in Ketten Chow Valley
they used to gather immense quantities
of Camass. JIo furthor says that, in the
Wintun language, that "Iletton Chow"
denotes ''Cammas Valley," and "lletten
Pnm," means "oammass earth." Mv
lamented friend, the late H. B. lteddini'.
called attention to tho value of this
plant in tho California Horticulturist
forNovembor, 1879. Mr. Redding said:
I havo an idea that many new sourcos
of valuable food for civilize man can
bo found by making a study of tho
different vegetable growths ued by our
o'longinos," etc., and ho furtht r stated,
'timt a friend, who is a botani-i, with
tv. tompanions, once lost the trail in
the mountains abovo Yosomilo, and
thv wore out two dij before they
found their way back. On the lir.-t
night, when one of tho party complained
ot M.uermg irom want ot food, my bota
nist (icnd went to theedgo of what had
boon a marshy piece of ground, and
with a i-tick, in a few minute-, by the
light of the moon, dug suflieient eainass
bulbs to gie them a line supper, which
they cooked in an oyster-can that ono of
their number was carrying for a drink
ing cup. Tho next diytln-y had their
regular meals of emu i- .md found their
wy into the val!o. noi feeling that they
had lccn deprived o( food. Many a man
has suffered for food in our mountains,
not knowing thcro n an abundance
growing at his feet"
My first neonaintinco with tho cam-
afs was in tho fall of lSCIl. AVliilo at
Ore-cent City, Del None county, I no
ticed tho wpiaws there wero drying a
considerable quantity, of tho bulb of
bomo specie- of plant, but whether for
food or medicine, I did not know; curi-o-ity
led nie to inquire, and I learned
that they woro used as food, so I taxted
grnt-s or twigs arc next laid over tho
pile, and, finally, a coveting of oaith
After several days tho pit isunco'cicd.
when the uhito roots are found to bo
corn-cited into a thoroughly cooked dark
blown, homogeneous mn-s, of about the
consi-leney of softened glue, and as
swevt as niolas.-,--. Cooke.d in this man
ner, the roots aro often made into large
cake-, by mashing and pie-sing them to
gether, and when slightly dried in the
sun, they becimo rather pliablo and
tough, and loo'c hire plugs of black nivv
tobacco. Its color doos not recommend
it lo the li-tc, bat" it is sweet, mm -laginous,
and as agreeable a the fresh
root, excepting a slight mnoky flavor ac
quired in Inking.
In this preed form it keeps softer
than in the raw ptaio or when simply
cooked, and may bo ! )t for a year or
more. The ronts, when boiled in w-iter.
yield a very goo I incites, which is
much prized, nd is nnl on important
festival occasions by va;. na tribes The
Indians of Cape Plnttoiy, tho Nez Per
ees of Idaho, and thote of I'ilt river,
California, are the greatest c n-tnners of
this nrtiele of diet, under tl.u name of
Kama'-s roots.
'Iho encioaehmoiits of et ;m uiwn
tho "canuss prairies," has b- a source
of much trouhlo with c Indians.
There natural camubs 1! V.- have of ton
Ik'cii plowed up, and the ck of tho
white farmer, co r;a nndswin have boon
turned in to feed upon the ts.
"The dotruction of tin . their chief
article of food, has aroused the Indians
11101 e than once. Tho bulb grows about
four or iio inches below tho turfaeo of
tho earth ; tho digging of tho bulb is tho
only cultivation tho ground leeches and
tho tlowers being dried and open when
when the bulb is dry, tho steds full out,
and the new crop is thus sown by tho
act of harvesting." Big Catnaps Prai
rie, in Idaho, has lecoived its name
through thy abundance of tlu plant, in
mat. legion. The Jmlian method of pre--oning
tho roots for storing for futuie
!m, would h irdly piodurc a result i-atit-fnetory
to a white man's palntn. The
bulbs hhtmld be first spread and dried in
the i-un, and subsequently run through n
fruit dner, but at so low a decree of bent
as nut to cook them or to produce such
a eonecntiation oi tho cacchuino quali
ty as to in ike them of the Kweetners of
molasses or to candy tho mi face. Uy
tho treatment sugircated iho camnss
could be used not only as mot,t nuts aro
usual y iim'J, but as chestnut? aro tonio
times, a an ingredient for ttulling tur
keys and chickens when those birds are
to bo roasted; alo as a thickening for
soups, the same as gumbo or okra is
tii-ed. 'J ho Hiiiraestion of Mr. Iteddinir.
herein quoted, brings to mind what pos
sibly escaped his memory, that the early
settlers of New England received moit
important and vital advantages by ob
taining from the Indians not only tho
sood of the maize, or Indian corn, but
also tho know ledge of how to cultivate
it ; and further, that to get a crop, the
peed had to bo manured with two ale
wives in each hill. (Tho Alewifo, Po-
moiobus psoudo-liareiigus, i-iftill a crv
abundant fi-.h on the New Encland
eoasrj uio arrnganoti J intuitu called
it Auinsuog.)
i no iiiuuiou ot (iiccing ana covikine-
clams, (Jlya, sickishuog of tho ludiaiin)
tno emmary mysteries and luxury of
tho clambake, wero also learned from tho
aborigines; without the knowledgo thus
obtained the Plymouth settlement might
have terminated in absolute di castor,
and the colonization of that part of our
country havo been very much delayed,
and the region perhaps have been occu
pied by people of somo other blood or
nationality. American Cultivator.
this t.,d the operation in smldnnly
cutting oil' the tieo's growth produces
b'td. while the winter or caily spring
pruning will produce only wood. In
pruning trees in midsummer tho bark,
instead of receding from the stump,
grows over it, and in a year or two will
conipetely cover it and form a perfect
amputation. Wo have noticed this upon
our own premises, as will as upon those
of others many times. This piuning is
done when tho tice is taking its mid
bammcr cieelii, and then wakes up re
freshed Air another start, and tho b.uk
gradually steals over the -slump as if to
conceit the tl abhy looking exposure
When thi troo is in full leaf and presents
its fail form to ux, we can t-ee exactly
wheie lite pruning should bo done, in
i iderth.it while tho overgrowth may lo
romoved tho sytnmetiy of the treo may
be preserved. Especially is midsummer
pruning to Ikj prefonod first, to pioduce
buds on fruit beating trees, as before
stated , and second, when large limbs are
to be i moved."
SometU.nK About Fruit Traco.
Tri-
Prune In Slideumaer.
lVrlup" the chief objection to mid
summer pruning is tho amount of work
tjl' done at tbut sen-on Wo ropiint
however, thu following advice on the
subject from our valuable contemporary,
tho GormantoTvn Telegraph. "There
is a great deal printed abaut the proper
time of pruning trees, esix'ciahy the
and found that tho flavor was pleasant, the applo tree. Some people prefer Jhl)
iney were- exceed-.some midwinter (some onrly cruiri". but
A eonc-qiondent of the Cheney
bune v rites as follows :
I am going to try to answer wme
questions I saw in a leccut issne of your
paper concerning mut trees and thoir
management. Last fall and winter one
year ago, thousands of tieos died in
Oregon and Washington territory, for
the single reason that first, we had good
rains in the fall that filled tho ground
full of moistuie, then after a time the
sun was bright and warm ; tho trees be
gan to draw sap and as a matter of
course iho baik began to slip, or in
other words, a new layer of wood began
to form. Then came a hard fieezo and
ico formed between tho bark and wood,
thus syporuting them. If ono will notice
those U. os that died, they will find the
bark I6"rt?",'iii the south side of tho tree,
for the icasou that that side thawed
tnid uwo thoino't- itboing tho warmest.
How to prevent it is very simple and
beneficial to the orehaid. First, as this
is a wry windy country, the trees should
be topped low down, thus founin i
head as near tho ground as po-ill ,
not wholly on account of wind, but tiee
shade tho ground in the fall to some
eitent, nnd cxcludos the heat of tho sun
from tho roots and prevents a late
inclination to grow, which wo have
found is fatal to the tree. Then, again,
befoio tho rains begin in the fall immure
or mulch well that excludes tho early
rains and keep tho ground dry until
the propor season comes for them to
grow. Your coiro'nondunt epoko about
the location : I would prefer land laying
to the north, for the ri a-ons: first and' best
is, it is always tho host landi Second,
it will hold moisture longer. Jinrd, tho
trees do not get tho direct rays of tho
sun in winter. Fourth, they aro shelter
ed from the wind to some extent, and I
would repeat again, mulch well in tho
fall boforo the rains Login and you will
never experience the loss of lust winter
again. I would say hero I havo had
experience in four States of this glorious
Union, ana all young orchards that were
killed lxslow the bud, can bo budded
again with no detriment to tho orchard,
as you will get fruit about as soon, for
the roots are all tho more vigorous for
the small loss of the top at that time ot
tho j ear when the sap starts gradual.
ground, ,ii. ,. i dial hoplaui-s his -nmll
irnit, ami i ! .u oi iiin year no begr.i
to looks for Minn prunes on his tivc-.
Uarden stuff may bo giown instead of
hop.
uutty and sweet
ingly mucilaginous; when boiled, they
were said to taste liko a potato. It is a
bullions plant, and has a stalk that is
about the izu of a barley straw, ami
lcars numerous pretty blue bell-shaped
flowers; the bulb is about tho tize of a
small onion or potato nail, but some
times is two inches or more in diamnten
it is without any special odor.
According to tho Agricultural Com
mi'sioner's Itejwrt for 1870, the Indian
mode of preparing it for futnre use. is to
'die a nit liu it with rocks, unon which
' , "'a fire 13 made, and when heated ulU-
.irui4nuclently, the hot stonea are enept clean
scarcely one recommends m our
humble opinion the very best time mid
summer. Doubtless some old fogies
will open their eyce aud hold up their
hands at such an innovation and
denounce it as an absurdity; but wo
think that we will be mrtained by a
majority of the live men of tho day. II
we desire to improve the form'of a fruit
treo and get rid oi nonno of tho super
fluouii wood wc should prune in winter ;
but if we deirc fniit and a perfectly
healed stiunp we should pmno from
the 15th oi June to tho 20th of July.
Wo have done this often with tho hip
pic t rounJK The fruit bud form after
Prune Growing at Fuyallap.
A correspondent of iho Tu oma
Ledger writes from I'uyalliip
Prune growing, out of which fortunes
uiebeiug made in certain localities in
California, it is piovcn by tho experi
ments of J. P. Ktewait, may be made a
success hero. His experience should lm
given to tho public for tho benefit of
new eoiners and the community at
huge. famine you it is not throtich
selfuhne-s on his part, or a disposition
to maintain a niomipoly, that he n gleets
to do it, for he is over roady t impart
infornmtion when it is asked for. He
has bovcral hundred pninu troes, miny,
of them eight years old, that havo borne
bountifully for tho lust two years. He
pronouncs this a No. 1 iirunn country
and says time will prove that prune
growing can bo mado more prujitublo
than raising hops, even if assured 20
coiits'a pound for tho lattor each year.
In raising prunes, Mr. .Stewart says ono
doa not havo to worry over tho
fluctuation of prices ni he does with
hop. Prunes are a htaple article, of
which theioaro impirtod annually from
three million to Jivo million doilara
worth. To make tho moot out of bin
ground ho hat plantod his prunes among
bishops in every third hill in wry
third row, and allowed his hop to grow
witii mem jonr or nve yoars. Jie then
digs up his hops and plants tonall fruit
in their stead, raspbornw, or blftckberricu,
thereby only losing a crop from his.
r.csoluito&s.
Wlir.itEAS, The money lords of capital
havo loaned mono' nil over tln.j country
taking mortgage on leal e-daie lor so
cuiily ; and,
Whereas, Some of tho notc are made
payable in other i-tat. .; and countries,
thereby attempting to escape ilmr just,
shaio of taxation j and,
Whercr.", The law known as the mort
gage lax law scok.s t" remely the afoic
Biiitl evil; and,
Whoreas, The a gouts of iho said
money loids have brought unit to lo
sliain the just collection of said taxes in
twelve eonnlies in Oregon, (bane county
being one) J therefore, bo it
Kesolved, Uy Lino County Pomona
Urango, P. of II., that said moiigige tax
lav should be etiKtly enfoiced ; and, be
it further
llesolved, That in justice to (he tax
payers of Oregon said Jaw should he
continued in fmco'and not repealed nt the
instinco of proteettd capital.
Kesolved, That tho Pecietary bo in
structed hi fuiii'hh tho count v papers,
WiLLAMicrrf Kuj.mfi: and Dis-ciuiiialor
with a copy of these resolutions, with a
request that thoy bo published.
A. 0. .iKNMMi'', See'y.
Wagons and carriages.
In eaily times tho Mitchell wagon was
sold in Oregon and established a good
reputation with thote who used it. For
somo yoais the m iiiufacturing firm had
no agent in our Stato but recently the
firm of Mitchell, Ix'vvis A Co. havo
opened a branch at Portland and havo
ostiblishod agencies in the chief tow nil
of Western Orogon. The hendqiiarteiH
of tho linn are 1!)2 and J" I Front etru t,
Portland, with Mr. W. H. Mitchell, one
of tho family whose name is connected
isith the manufacture, as manager. The
h ja-e carries a lino of wagons nnd vehi
cles that cover tho wants of all the farm
ing population. Their wagons range
from .f ICO to $110, for !! and HI in spin
dles, all put together of the best mate ri
als. They havo a c unpleto assortment
of buggies; good open buggies langing
fiom 1125 to .fMO, and elegant lop bug
gies for $200. Their open two-seated
family carriages cost $150 to !200j cov
ered ditto 25tG to if :t00. They have sin-
glo anddoublophietoiisandbuck-boaiils.
Any farmer who wishes to buy a vehicle
of any kind, from a farm wagon to a
buggy or elegant carriage, can find tho
very thing he wants thero at considera
bly loss price than wo havo been ti-cd lo
paying. The agents of tho linn aie
llridgcs it Koork, Kalom; W. H. (Joltra,
Albany; Hmith Ac Cox, Eugene; W. F.
Owoiih, Iloseburg, who aro severally pre
pared to handle goods belonging to tho
house of Mitchell, Lewis A: Co.
Saw MUU, Steam Engine and THrottiem.
llus-ell A- Co., who advertise in our
column", havo machiueiy for sale that
every farmer needs for hirm-elf andeveiy
neighborhood requires for ituelf. Their
traction engines and steam threshers
perform work that the fanners must
havo done to wind up every harvest.
They havo introduced to Oiegon the
well established "New Mas-illon Thresh
er." Theso are in five different sizes and
me proveJ to bo Well adapted to tho Or
egon trade. They h.vn disponed of ma
chines that havo been at woik in dillbr
ent sections cast and west of tho Cas
cades, everywhere with siiccejjjso that
their business in already well established.
Their saw-milh, loo, aro of the best make
with a wide range of capacity. Twonly
live of their mills aro at work on Pugct
Sound and on the Columbia river. All
their machinery ha3 been 10 well tried
in our section of country tbut they can
quote popular cxjiorioncoan tho beat tost
of the reliability of their claim for pub-
rOJKD OUILTV OF MffBDEB
The credit and honor of Portland and
Oregon was sustained tho other day
vvhon Iho jury that tried Murray for tho
murder of Vciike, brought in their ver
dict of "guilty " The species plea of
insanity was sot aside by twelve good
men and the cowardly murder will per
haps bo avenged. It lomains to be seen
if tho laws delay mid uncertainty can
fin 1 some other excuse for permitting Iho
a-sasin, who so utbVy forfeited tho
right to live, to pollute (ho earth. It is
a disgrace to our Slate that wo havo so
many violent deaths to avenge and that
while so many commit murder many
escape the penalty. While not blood
thisty and entt rlliining all tho leniency
possible towards erring humanity, W"
recognize that criminal law means von
gcanee, punishment, digiaco for con
victed crime; that iln weakness is often
a perversion of justice and entails ovils
upon society as a eoiisquence.
BMUGOLlKa CIIINAJIE!.
Tho-Sun Francisco Chtoniclo is re
sponsible for saying that hundreds of
Chinese aro passing over tho lino into
Oregon and Washington, that a well or-
ginized Chinese company mo assisted by
irresponsible white men in Victoria anil
(fthor towns in litnningCliinanieii over
the boundaries. AVheuoneoanrow, these
Chinamen go to logging camps and, as
all Chinamen look alike, these is little
chance of de-lection. Tho prieo per head
is from lfi to 5-20. Tho favorite boat
for transporting is the Indian canoe,
which will carry live or more with two
smugglers as crow. 'ftfM'
Theic are now live th.nisailuv?oc)lio4 in
IlritMi Columbia who haritfbeen dis
charged from the building force on tho
Canadian Paeifio railroad, and who aro
bound to eventually get into American
territory seeking employment. It is os
tinnitcd by mi inspector, that eight hun
dred havo been run Herons tho lino lil
ii'iidy. A good all-purpose bars1 one that com
bines both stlye, draft and loadstar qual
ities, is an essential appendage to a farm,
frequently such an animal makes his
owner a handsome ihcome when put out
to scrvieo. Our old-timo friend Itoubon
Leo, of Aumsville, bus just such an an
imal aud wishes to dispoto of him. See
advertisement oUowhere.
Tho beautifully arranged catalogue o(
Thus. H. Cox .t Co., of S'an Fianeisco,
has arrived. Its pages aro do voted to a
full description of tho various garelon
seeds, etc. Its pages aro well arranged
and tho catalogue lollects groat credit
on account of being n Pacific Const af
fair. This firm has an advertisement in
this issue. Keo big melon, h'end for a
catalogue and mention this paper.
The Portland Nuisery and Seed Com
pany, of Portland, havo fresh seeds and
plenty of them. Send for prieo list and
catalogue of varieties. Heo advertise
ment elsewhere.
Who Has I'ckiu Duc'iB?
Wl.l w, Or., Feb. 2fJ, 1KH1.
IMitur Willamette Finie-r:
I wish lo inquiio through tho Faiimiir
wheio I can ptuchaso pure blood Pekin
ducks, or eggs, Tbo-o luvig the samo
for sale jileaso answer by letter r ad
vorlisemeut iiitheFAUMi.it giving price',
etc, JamJv.s Gimuj:h-
lic appreciation.
The West rihore, of Portland, comes
duly to hand each mouth ladencd wi'h
choke articles descriptive of tho North
Pacific region. One of tho principal
features this month is tho art'elo on tho
Cmir el'Alenc mines and a map of illus
tratioru) of same.
Heavy and continued rains havo
caused a tcrriblo llood at Ixh Angeles,
i'ait of tho e'ily was ovLril.mrd and
many houses were flooded; live or six
brideos inside tho (own limits "rut
down stroani. Tho part Hooded was oc
cupied by tho jKKiior class, who aio suf
fering much liauMtlp as well as loss.
A man named .Stanley oj Loonard has
been i(rre'ei at Coos JJuy for tho iiiur
eler eif a farmer name-el Anderson Pulton
at' Freeport, W. 'P., two y ars ago,
U-oiiaiil was his brother-in-law and tho
murdered man a worthless fullow who
abused his family which led to the
trouble.
Tor Throat Disease and Conajk.
Hhown'm Huom-iiiac liax-iiKs. hk all ret'y
ijooil tldum, tra frciuemly lunUttd. Thi
ijtnulnt art vM wily in lojut.