1
VOL. XVI.
orri$p0tiilc!u
Lincoln County, W. T, Its Capabilities. Etc
Cottonwood, W. T., Feb. 4, '81.
KJitor Willamette Farmer:
Having received somo loiters of in
quiry from subscribers to the FAioir.n, I
ask leave to answer through tho medium
of your excellent paper, as to the ad
vantages of Lincoln and Douglas coun
ty as a place to mako a home and a com
potency as a fanner or a stock raiser.
Tho scenery in Lincoln county is not
surpassed by any portion of tho West.
A view of tho mountains from almost
any point whero they can bo seen is par
ticularly fine, especially when tho many
colors on tho various ranges arc lighted
by tho setting sun ; tho snow caps glist
ening in all tho colors of tho rainbows as
range after range appears back of others
in succession tho Spokane, and Col
umbia river ranges and in the far dis
tance the Cascade range.
No climate could be more genial and
picasani 10 a person raised in tne jNorth.
Tho entire absence of storms : tho regu
larity of temperature neither extremes
of heat or cold. Tho infrequency of
high winds, of violent rain storms ; the
rain is so gentle that a laboring man
thinks not of ceasing work rain even
failing mostly in the night. The snow
acts as a perfect protection to crops and
even fruits. Frosts or snow thickly en
veloping the branches and twigs of the
fruit trees and berries, setting the fruit
and insuring it from harm. This is tho
paradise for eloigning parties; good
roads being tho rulo from the first of
December until tho last of February, the
roads remaining good in tho summer.
This may seem strange but to one who
has lived in a country whero business
and travel is always more or less imped
ed in winter and spring by deep mud,
one learns to appreciate tho fact.
Water can be found by digging to tho
depth of fifteen to twenty-fivo feet and
there are springs found in every section
that are inoxhaustable. Small lakes or
running streams abound and along all
stroams there is more or less timber, and
heavy timber on all tho rivers or in the
mountains. The water is perfectly pure
and soft and in summer cry cold.
The producer has a market of his own
as everything ho has for salo is invaii
ably wanted by new coiners, or if ho pre
fers ho can haul it to Cheney or Spokane
Kails whero 1k will br piid a paying
price. The distance is from thirty to
fiftylniles.
Thero aro many quarter sections of
lands yet vacant, but of courso are not
choice, in the region of tho Badger
mountains, a distance of forty to eighty
miles west of this town. Thero is nno
disadvantage in living in a newly settled
district the loss of society. There is
, no society to those who do not wish to
attend dances, as that amusement is
plentifully patronized, the exercise con
tinuing the wholo night Another dis
advantage is the distance to schools and
and tho scarcity of schools. Children
growing up in ignorance; mothers
should organize schools in their own fam
ilies, but tho deplorable fact stares one
in tho face : that some mothers arc not
capable of doing that.
Much choice land remains yet untaken
and there aro some dissatisfied settlers
who will sell, with the improvements to
enhance tho value of tho land, at almost
what it has cost them to put on tho im
provements. Also in tho Colvillo valley
there is land plentiful, but it is said to
bo colder than in tho more open country,
later springs and earlier frosts in the
f "2 1. This is about seventy miles from
8pokaue Falls. Tho regularity and
evenness of temperature is proved by
the fact that many of the fanners' wives
have very nice gardens of annual flowers
and the tenderest roses lire through the
winter with little protection. Turnip,
carrots, parsnips, artichoke, blue grass
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1884.
NO. 2
and clovor come nut from tinder the snow
by the liist of Mai eh crisp and alive.
Miss. A. How i:.
Itallanlilns Bees.
Milwaukik, Or., Feb. 13, 18311.
KJitor Willamette Farmer :
Fewer questions are asked than, "How
bhall I Italianize? and when shall I do
it?" There is always a loss in removing
a queen and substituting another, even
where we have laying queens on hand ;
and whore wo aro to use the same colony
for rearing a queen, thero is still creator
loss. "Where one has an apiary of black
bees, his cheapest way, especially if he
has plenty of time to devote to the sub
ject, is to purchase n choico tested queen
and rear his own queens from her. If
no nas as many as a dozen colonic and
proposes to continue to incrca-o tho
number, it may bo his host and -meat
way to purchase an importod qnrim. If
the choice queen is purchased in the
spring or summer months, I would not
remove the old queens until thcsiiiumer
crop of honoy is over ; but, instead of
allowing natural swarming, take two or
three frames from each old stock about
swarming time, and mako nuclie, giving
them queen cells from the Italian brood.
When these queens arc hatched and
laying, build the nuclie up with frames
of brood, given one at a time, until they
are ran stocks. Jjy such ,a course yon
have the full benefit of the old queens
during the honey season, until the new
ones are ready to tako their place. Af
ter the honey yield has begun to decreaso
you can remove tho old queens, and give
now the small colonics cells, as you did
tho nuclie at first. This does the swarm
ing for the season, and tho Italianizing
at ono and tho same time. You can pur
chase all tested queens if you wish, but
I would advise taking the dollar queens
whilo there is any great difference in
price. After your stocks have all been
provided with Italian queens, by either
of tho plans given above, if you wih
your bees to bo pure Italians you are to
commence replacing all queens that
provo to be hybrid as soon as the young
bees aro hatcbod in sufficient numbers to
enable you to decide. Now, if honey is
only your object, I would not replace
theso hybrids until they aro ono or two
years old, for they average nearly as well
for honoy gatherers and will raise just as
puio drones as full-blooded Italian. If
you ithoulil find tho boos of any particu
tai queen too cross to do einiurnoie, rc
pl ice her with another at any time. Be
can ml, however, that theso hybrid col-onii'-
uro not allowed to swarm natur
ally, for, if they raise a qtiewi she will
produce hjbrid drones ; and this is some
thing we wish to guard against. It will
be better to raise all the queens yourself,
and practice artificial swarming exclu
sively, and while you are seeking to Ital
ianize, espectally if you aro surrounded
with common bees. If you do in tho man
ner given above you can reap tho Ital
ian blood, oven though thero are hun
dreds of stocks of common boea within
tho range of you apiary. But if you
are going to raise quoens for tho market
you should buy up or Italianize all of
the common bees ithin two or three
miles of you in every direction. Your
neighbors will very soon become con
verted to tho Italians if you keep right
along and let crops of honey decide the
matter and they will be quite willing to
pay you for introducing Italian queens
into their colonies, and in a few years
you will succeed in having your whole
neighborhood Italianzed.
ClIARUB TlL'SK'
absorbing thought, viz. tho high tariff
which piohibits our free intercourse
with European markets in exchanging
our farm products. This question can
not bo tabood any longer. I hope the
fanners will write freely, as you seem"
to admit freely all communications from
that source, Monopoly soems to bo
Liking shape, by collusion of the mil
road management to foster those grand
schemes which cnpplo small efforts at
competition. My idea is that govern
ment should Ico'i with a jealous eye,
upon the encroachments of the great
money corporations of our common
country. The idea of keeping labor at
a high standard of value is fiko all other
efforts that is foisted upon our nation
as a pretext to rob other and more laud-
uuiu pursuus ; -i sny, tne -nan who goes
on to a homestead and endeavors to
rrnko a home and establish a businees of
his own is far moro deserving of favors
from legislation than the common day
laborer who roams over th- United
States without any settled hoi. n. Ho is
only looking for big pay for . ibor and
actually does nothing to eoii'iibute to
tho solid prosperity of a country. The
high priced labor has 6w.unpi.tl money
and enterprise in its infancy. Men who
labor for these big wages disdain the
idea of settling down upon government
of tho amount each tax-payer owes each
creditor, and give said taxpayer a cer
tificate of indebtedness of the following
form: Due from A. B., and offset by
the amount owed C. D. $ , as taxes in
county, or city of , or district
No. , for the year 188-; and said cer
tificate shall be a tax to tho collection
of tho amount therein specified, on the
account between A. B. and C. D. until
said taxes are paid ; then tho said certifi
cate shall become void.
Sec. 5. Tax collectors shall give sepa
rate receipts to each taxpayer who is a
debtor ; one for the amount paid on tho
not value of his property, and ono for
tho amount part! on the sum due each
creditor.
Sec. C. The tax collectors receipt shall
bo equivalent to an endorsement of the
amount paid, on tho principal of tho
debt therein specified, and be a bar to
iho collection of tho amount for which
said receipt calls.
See, 7. Notes, accounts, mortgages,
ucuub ui uuei, ami mi eviuenccs oi in
debtedness shall bo exempt from taxa
tion, and shall not be considered real or
personal property as defined in this act.
Sec. 8Taxpayers shall have a right
to a deduction of indebtedness duo on
all mortgages, deeds of trust, contracts
or other obligations due the State, or the
Brown $1,000, and
lands, because it takes years of self-dc- Board of Commissioners for the sale of
nying exertion to build up a home, aadj school and university. Hands, or iudg-
zz " ",,": '3: rrrz"-r " m.ents m favor ot the Sfate- of .-
t,wj, mj, ww niuixumi JJIIUCO, ho uiuy
expect to see a nation of tramps looking
for high wages. My ideas may not be
very concise but I hope you will get tho
idea.
My idea is, that steady work at wages
in accordance with the proceeds of such
labor is far better for all parties than a
few weeks of high priced labor and tho
corresponding shut downs, that invaria
bly occur, sending many honest men
into the saloons and hanging around the
street corners looking for a big thing to
turn up. Wo faimers have had a hard
time to battle our way against tho
storm, while legislation is wieldod as it
is to footer all other pursuit3, whilo we
are the only class of men who go out
into the markots of the woild and show
that wo aro able to compete with other
nations in our products.
Milton Evans.
A Few Suggestions of Tax Collecting.
Tlie Tariff.
Walla Walla, W. T., Feb. 18.
Editor Willamette Farmer.
I take the present moment, to write
you supposing that you like to know the
farmers feeling on matters pertaining to
their general welfare. I will note some
things that are up to white heat First,
the burdensome embargo that the gene
ral government loads us with, is the one
Salem, Or., Feb. 11, 4SM,
Editor Willamette Farmer:
I have been much interested of late
in tho discussion of tho Mortgage Tax
Law in your valuable journal, and while
it seems to mo that tho presont law is a
great improvement on formor legislation
for the collection of taxes, I yet think it
open to serious objections. It has made
the assessment and collection of taxes
more complicated, especially in cities
and districts whero tho property mort
gaged lies pirtly within, and pi.rtly
without a city or district.
Now the people aro in favor of just
and equal taxation, and my objoct in
this artisle is to outline a plan, which,
if adopted, I think would go far tow
ards simplifying matters, and would
mako it much more difficult to evade
taxation than under any former method.
In order to moro fully show tho working
of this method, I have prewnted it in
tho form of a bill, and will discuss its
merits further on. Tho form is a follows :
Sec. 1. Ileal estate and jiersonal prop
erty shall bo assessed to tho owner
thereof, at its cash value.
Soc. 2. In order that any tax, whothor
county, city, or district, may be collecta
ble, tho rate of levy must bo fixed leforo
the assessment is made, and each asses
sor shall be furnished with an account
showing the rate of levy in this county,
city, or district.
Sec. 3. Each tax-payer shall pay tho
taxes assessed on all property owned by
him, in each county, city, or district as
sessed, without deducting indebtedness,
except as hereinafter provided.
Sec. 4. A6cesors shall take ftp account
educational funds.
Sec. 9. A debtor shall not lie permitted
to offset his assessment in more than
ono county, city, road district, or school
district, by the same item of indebted
ness, durinc tho same year.
Sec. 10. All acts and parts of acts in
uuuiuub wiui una net, are Hereby re
pealed.
Now tho provisions of Sec. 1st aio ob
vious. They are founded on the broad
principle of a just and equal distribution
of tho burdens of government. Section
second is necessary in carrying out tho
provisions of section four. By tho pro
visions of section threo, oach county,
city, or district, receives taxes on all tho
property contained therein except as pro-
vmuu iu suuiiuii eigui. jjy iormer meth
ods of deducting indebtedness, a county,
city, or district, might contain a groat
amount of property, and still the burden
of taxation bo borno by comparatively
fow. Section four is necessary because
a debt may become duo and collectable
between tho timo of assessing and that
of collecting a certain tax ; but, by tho
provisions of section two, tho assessor
knows the rate of levy in his county,
city, or district, and calculates the
amount of tax duo on tho property offset
by any itom of indebtedness as provid
ed in this section accordingly. Now,
when an account is brought forward for
settlement the debtor presents his certifi
cate, the amount of which is deducted
from tho debt, pays the balance and tho
account is cancelled. The separate re
ceipts mentioned in section five, enable
debtor and creditor to settlo their ac
count moro readily. In socton six, bo
eauso tho tax is independent of any in
terest to be paid by tho debtor, tho re
ceipt is to bo equivalent to an indorse
ment on the principal of tho account.
Notes, accounts etc., as provided in sec
tion seven, aro exempt from taxation
localise they havo already been taxed,
indirectly, by the provisions of section
four and six. Section eight simply ex-
erupts from taxation property owned and
controlled by tho State, and allows a de
duction oi indebtedness therefor. Sec
tion nine prevents a doublo assessment
of property for the sarno year, Tho ol
ject of section ten is obvious.
Now let u see how to proceed accord
ing to the bill proposed. The assessor,
provided with an account showing the
rate of levy in his county, city, or dis
trict, meet Mr. Jones, a farmer; How
many acres of land havo your How
many horses T cattle 7 sheep f hogs?
How much cash on handf What do
youpwot An: I.owe tbsTrutt Compa
ny 82,000; -".
John Smith, f.Mk).
Tho Assessor takes an account of each
item of indebtedness and gives Mr. Jones
certificates thus : Duo from Mr. Jones,
and offsot by tho amount 'owed tho
Trust Company, f , as taxes in Marion
county, for tho year 188-1. Against tho
items owed Brown and Smith, ho gives
similar certificates. After a w hilo thoso
creditors present their accounts; Mr.
Jones produces his certificates of in
debtedness, or, if tho tax has been paid,
ins reooipts, tho amounts are deducted
from their several accounts; Mr. Jones
pays the balance, and the account is
canceled.
Now, Mr. Editor, the ten million dol
lars worth of property in this Stale,
which you mentioned a fow weeks ago
as evading taxation, does so, principally,
on account of the discrepmiey between
debits and credits ; anil in order to more
clearly show tho advantnges of tho plan
proposed in the foregoing bill, I will
give you a few of the methods practiced
by thoso who cvado taxation.
Their plans aro various. On tho
part of tho debtor they are : First, tak
ing out indebtedness that has been out
lawed. Second, giving fictitious debts to
fictitious names. Third, before tho pres
ent tax law, mortgaging property to fic
titious names while they, themselves, or
uiuir accomplices, noiu mo securities, &c
On tho part of tho creditor tho meth
ods are : First, to assuro tho assessor
that, though they hold accounts against
after a teaspoon fnl of valtpotcr has been
dissolved in it. You can givo tho animal
hay sooner if ho is not very bad. Uso
tho best crystnlizcd saltpeter. Don't let
tho animal eat dry hay or anything else
of that kind till you nee he is out of all
dancer. H. Masst.y.
i Notes from Sclo.
Sc;io, Or., Feb. 18, 1881.
Klitor Willamette Farmeri
Searlot focris piovnilingin this nlaco
to somo extent; two deaths in tho fam
ily of Alexander Montgomery in tho last
wcok, daughters 11 and 20 years of ngo.
Oh how dreary is Dint homo today since
tho loved ones have passed out of sight.
Hope only bridges over the great chasm
without which men would lead a lonoly
lifo indeed.
Snow about fourteen inches deep;
weather moderates, wind from tho south,
indicating a thaw soon. Stock fed nouo
too plenty, though nil aro doing well
now.
0 rangers and others aro still discuss
ing tho mortgngo tax law and aro in
favor, if necessary, of following it to tho
highest tribunal in tho land, and if found
to bo unconstitutional by the courts will
try sarno other method to cqualizo the
burden of taxation. William Gyrus.
' Questions Answered.
Canyo.v City, Or., Feb. 1, S8t.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
Has a married woman tho same right
to tako up land that a singlo ono hasT
V'l...n .,., T ..l .1 1.1 f I
such and such persons, they do not con- ' , , . ' f w,u """ T"
!. Hum. JLl. s...i T , of choice poultry and rabbits, as I do not
Bider them good. Second, thoso who
lend money, havo their notes drawn to
fictitious names, whito at tho sarno time
they aro made nogotiablo ; thus a note
is made payable to L. Jonos or bearer
and is filed away by tho creditor or ono
of his accomplices. Now, whon Iho
dobtor is assessed, ho gives in tho
amount hoowcsL. Jones, which amount
is deducted from iho value of his prop
erty, but tho axecssor In unable to find L.
Jones and so tho note noes, untaxed.
But still L. Jones or beuicr is sure to
turn up about the time tho note becomes
duo.
By tho plan promised on tho bill, any
mortgage, note, or account, which is
good enough to bo deducted as indebted
ness, is good enough to pay its propor
tion of tho taxes; and no advanlago
could bo gained by giving in any ficti
tious indebtedness, or by making any
mortgago, note, or account payable to a
fictitious name.
This article is lougor than I desired
it to be, but I wished to mako it so plain
that it 'wild not bo misunderstood.
Youis Tiuly,
Joii.v W. Joiiy.
blind Staggers and How to Treat.
Sai.km, Or., Feb. 10, I8S1.
E'lltor Willamette 'armors
I sco by reading tho papers that thero
aro somo very valuablo horses dying with
blind staggers all through tho country.
There is no uso of it horse dying with
blind staggers if properly treated. Now
for tho benefit of my brother farmers I
will givo a simple and reliable recipe if
propcrry followed. When you see that
your horse has got the sluggors in tho
first placo you want to tako all tho hay
and straw from him, and also sco that ho
don't ca his bedding, and seo that ho
don't eat old weeds and old dry grass ; If
ho is allowod to eat these ho never will
get well, for that will ft-ed tho disease.
Tho only feed that you must give them
is bran made into a mash with a table-
spoonful of saltpeter dissolved in water
and threo or four tablcspooiifuls of sul
phur and mix tho wholo into a ma-h ami
givo that threo tunes a day for two or
three days, then give half tho medicine
and somo shorts to tho bran, exercise
tho animals so m to make them iierspiro
freely. If a mare with foal don't givo
tho sulphur, because sulphur will cauo
them to lose their colt, but treat them
otherwise as I have directed. You can
in three or four days givo them some
hay, but dampen the hay with water,
him any advertised m your paper? Aro
thero any Planet Jr. goods for salo in
Portland, and who by? C. S. L.
Answi:k. (1) No. (2) Address Jno
M. Garrison, Forest Grove, Oregon. (.'!)
Wo ilon't know of any houso in Oregon
that carries tho Planet Jr. goods. -Kn.
Multnomah Pomona Orange.
K litur Willamette Farmrr i
Tho next mooting of Multnomah Po
mona drango will bo held in Milwaukio
on tho ICth of March, at ton o'clock, p,
in., at which time tho officers will bo in
stalled, six or eight candidates initiated,
and speeches by prominent Grangers.
Wo look for n full attendance at this
meeting. A. IP. Mim.eh,
Socictary,
Oregon's Indebtedness in Baa Francises.
StN Fiiancibo, Feb. 18 Tho Chronicle
prints an article to day referring to recent
failuies in Oregon, and dismissing the
business situation theie. In conclusion
it says: "Tho imlebtodnoss of tho
Oregon business community is largely
in San Francisco. During the next six
mouths jobbers of this city will havo
half of tho interior merchants of Oregon
in their power, and it should bo borno
in mind that the security of the country
is first-class; and that tho present distress
is incidental merely, and not a settled
or lasting condition. By an easy and
generous courso mr merchants may
retain a great business which harshness.
oven to a degreo consistent with burincss
justice, may direct to another field.
Tho new Northern railroad i fiords
opportunities for other connections, and
this should not bo forgotten."
GET UP CLUBS.
The Faiimck is making an cflort to rnlist
in its behalf all tho reading and thinking
portion of tho farmers of tho North West.
Subscription has bm reduced as low
as wo dare venture in the belief that wo can
doublo our lit of paying ubscribcrs and
greatly increase Its Inlluenco and popu
larity. The Faiimek is clfrini; its fifteen war
of publication. It is no new venture, no
uiwrtum thing, but well founded and
ably conducted.
Any singlo subscriber can remit $2.00
and rceclvo tho F.iitu:n nno year from
dato of payment.
Those who writo and fend In a club of
five, all paying at nnco, cm luwo tho
Fakmkh one year for 11.75 each.
Old friends of the Faiimek can easily
socuro among their neighbors five or ten
names and secure their paper at $1.75 or
11.50 per year.
We hojio that many will get up clubs
and vindicate our faith in their good will
towards their old timo friend,
The WiuauKTrs Farmxk,
M
Hi
a
$
M
"Ml
m
i
:
ti