"
VOL. XVI. SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 18$- NO. I
orrtonHctic
Senator Slater and the Protective Sjstem.
Caxhy, Or., Feb. 11, 1S84.
Editor Willamette Farmer,:
In your issue of the 25th tilt, there is a
review of Senator Slater. That review
contains several falacios; I am not dis
posed to criticise it at this time, but ask
.i brief space in your paper to show
something of tho injustice and inexpedi
ency of a high pro'tectivo tariff, which
was tho aim, object and end of Senator
Slaters letter. I may be somewhat in
the condition of tho author of tho review
as I now havo on hand a small quan
tity of wool, the cntiro clip of two sea
sons, the selling price of which has been
reduced as the result of reducing the
luty on wool. But my littlo losses do
not make any tariff just which would
otherwise bo unjust. This glorious gov
ernment is mine; it is the government of
tho lordly manufacturer, and the prince
ly merchant and bankers; and no more
theirs than mine. And it is as much tho
government of every other farmer, stock
'or wool crowcr, every mechanic and
laborer, every armless soldier and every
other deserving fellow-citizen, as it is
mine. Tho theory of our government is
that it is a government of equal rights
it ought to bo" so 'practically. If "this
government is really a government of
equal rights then exclusive rights should
be excluded. Tho manufacturer says ho
has no exclusive privilege because tho
tariff law piohibits no one from becom
ing a manufacturer and all who arc
manufacturers are protected alike. There
is no provision in the tarifl" law or any
other statute law, which prohibits the
beggar from being the owner of an iion
foundry. There aro laws, however, ocr
which no human courts havo jurisdiction,
Jaws as potent and iron-clad as tho laws
of nature, which prevent very many
from becoming tho owners of cotton and
woolen factories and iron ioundries
these laws aro tho laws of situation and
conditions and circumstances.
Tho pecuniary circumstances of the
most of the farmers' nnd mechanics' and
1 iboring men aro such as to absolutely
preclude them from becoming the own
ers of factories and foundries. Impos
sibilities are as prohibitive as staututcs.
Stnator Slaters letter was written explo
sive of his convictions upon tho great
subject of equal lights. Wo beliovo
i that this government ought to bo, if it
is not, the impartial dispenser of equal
and exact justice to nil. We believe that
desirable andconiiuciuiiililo legislation is
that which benefits the whole, or at least
a majority of the people affected by it,
and not such as benefits a few at tho ex
pense of the many. As between the
wool growers and the great nianufaetur-
ers who shot tho present tariff law
through Congress, the reduction on wool
was unquestionably wrong murderous.
ly so if you please but neither Senator
Slator or the Democratic party commit
ted that murder ; it was committed with
malice afore thought, and in determined
haste by the Republican party goaaed on
by the great manufacturers, regardless
of e cry thing whUh would not bring
tolls to their mills. If a law which pro
tects the manufacturer more than it does
the wool grower) is unjust to tho.wool
grower, then it ib still more unjust to
those who aro not protected at all. If it
is unjust to thoso who are not protected
at all. If it is unjust to make a distinc
tion in favor of tho great ronnnfacturers
against the wool growers, then it is still
more unjust to make a distinction jn
favor of thoso manufacturers against the
farmers, mechanic, lawyers, doctors,
clergymen, nrtizans, miners and laborers
who" are all cpnsumers. If the govern
ment gives or secures to one citizen
1,000 and to another f 100, he who re
ceives only the 100 may complain of
partiality, bat certainly he has' not aa
jiut cause of complaint as those who
receive nothing and are taxed to pay the
whole. If this government ws not in
tended to be, and is not and ought not
to bo a government of the people, by tho
people, and for the people; but is in truth
and of right ought to be and remain a
government of the few, by the few, and
for the f jw, then Senator Slater should
obey tho "command" of the wool growers
because the wool growers aro just as
good and rnoro deserving than the long
protected manufacturers.
The review closes with two significant
suggestions : One that " semebody will
got hurt," and the other that factories
are multiplying in the South. "Confes
sion is good for tho soul," and " self-pres-orvation
is the first law of nature ;" "ho
who inns may read," and know that the
present tariff, which increases the duty
on some woolen goods,reduces it on wool,
was enacted by the Republicans at tho
command of the great manufacturers.
Peihaps some insane net of the gicat
manufacturers was a necessity fur the
entiro opening of tho eyes of tho whole
people to their ielatio position, inter
ests and dangers. The piosent tariff
would not have been what it is except
upon the command and demand of the
great manufacturers, empowered by
caucus mandate; but it is what it is, and
" somebody will get" hurt."
Yes, factories aro multiplying in the
South. They havo changed and they
will change, and they generally change
as business wisdom indicates. Pi It is sad
that-pigtiron at this timtv is hwWg-manufactured
in the South at a price bo low
that it is impossible for foreign pig iron
to compete with it in the United States.
There is a bioad fiold in the South for
wool growing and it is the homo of
cotton. Something is saved in transpor
tation ; something in fuel, and labor can
be obtained a littlo cheaper there. In
tho North, now, factory operations aio
seriously intercepted, while in the South
factory operations nro much loss inter
cepted. Our great Hour mills, agricul
tural implement establishments and
many other enterprises hao struggled
up under heavy tariff imposed burdens,
and can now challenge competition at
home, in all the European marts and in
tho remotest corners of tho woild ; brains
for their chief capital, and skill and
energy for their chief 6tock in trado,
have brought triumph, and I rejoice in
that triumph. Tho great manufactur
ers of iron, cotton and woolen goods and
other highly protected article-, havo had
a "good thing" and there was no great
necessity for economy, or gie.it enter
prise or energy as long as they could
hold on to that "good thing," and they
desire to hold to it forover and forever
more. The South, which asked for the
tht tariff, is now in it new life and en
foiced energy, seemingly advancing in
demonstration of the fact that American
manufacturers aro capable of competing
with foreign manufacturers. And New
England, which opposed the first tariff,
and was then for free trade, will in the
not far distant future, a, and -when
business wisdom hids.it, go back to her
first love. Aaro.v E. "Wait.
Letter from Folk bounty.
Crowley, Or., Feb. C, 1S81.
Eiitor WilUinctte Farmer :
The Farmer of February 1st is before
me full of interest to the Oregon farmors.
Those articles headed, "the farmors and
the law-makers," as also "What we say,"
are worthy of serious study and reflec
tion. There is too much truth in what
tho Salem hardware merchant told yon
in regard to taxation. It is a well know n
fact that before tho passage of tho mort
gage tax law tho moral and truth loving
people of the State paid the bulk of the
taxes, and the system ef evasion has
only lecn half eliminated by tho above
named law. And we freely confess,
after reading your comments and reflec
tions on the same, that there is but one
right way to do justice to all alike who
have property in this Bute, or derive a
benefit from our laws and government.
And in giving.our crude views on the
the system of taxation, we would beg of
tho readers of the Faio'ikk to reflect on
the same before they rush into print to
condemn the ainc, iz. "All property
claiming protection fiom the courts
should pay a just tix, or be refused that
ptotection." A. Sinnett.
Here we havo nn'axim on which to
frame a just and equitable asossment
law that will bring to light all the prop
erty in the State, if the law will be fram
ed right. ' All mortgages, bonds, notes of
hand, ceitificatcs of stock, or other evi
dences of indebtedness, should bao tho
stamp or sign of the assessor for eacli
and every year since issue or since the
pas-age of the law, or be refused adjudi
cation in our courts. What right has a
person, .whether native or foreign, to
make uo of our expensive courts if he
refuses to pay his just share of the ex
penses of such protection.
As to the question of not as-'sing in
visablo property, we would y in ans
wer, that we have already too much in
visablo property in the State th.it escapes
taxation, and the honest taxpayer does
not desire to see the list increased. Tho
object is to bring all property of any
value in the State to light before the
assessor. The next question that money
would be cheaper if not taxed, will not
hold water, because money is taxed in
ever' State in tho union, except New
York. And where is legal interest higher
than in Oregon? Jay QoiiW says there
-tsJf2QO,000)00 lying-idle in one ttreet of
New York seeking secure interest at 2J
or 3 per cent, with good security. "Why
don't some of this money come here for
invcbtment? Is it on account of our
tax laws? No, sir! for that would leave
them at least 8 per cent, clear after pay
ing all of tho taxes assessed. Those
moneyed uien had rather wait and then
put their money where it will do most
good. Gno. H. Em:ns.
Renewing Old Orchards Hew to do It.
Scholia Fkury, Or., Feb. 7, ltS4.
Cilitor Willamette Farmer ;
Under the head of Faun Talks 1 wish
to seo each good farmer express his
views. There are as many ways as thcic
aro farms in this valley. All that b.ib
been said about renewing old orchards
has certainly been to the point. My ex
perience is: First, I let one go to ruin
by not cultivating and pruning; and,
second, I raibed one from the same c6n
dition. I bought a farm with an old or
chard upon it that had been neglected
until it had nearly quit bearing, with
quite a forest of young firs started
amongst it. I slashed the brush and
burned it and commenced to plow; plow
ed it from six to eight inches deep and
sowed to wheat. It made nothipg to
speak of as a crop. I choppod and Haw
ed out the .dead limbs from the trees,
and a few medium as a result that year.
Continued to cultivate by plowing and
sowing grain for five years. Hight hero
let mo Eay that by plowing I don't mean
skimming or scratching. In the centre,
between the rows it is plowed to the
depth of fifteen inches or more. I be
lieve root pruning is rs essential as to
prune the top. I cut off some roots one
inch through. Last summer I plowed
the orchard and sowed nothing on it,
but this fall when I plowed it I found
tho ground full of young roots that had
come from roots that had boon cut off, a
thriftier orchard is hard to find young or
old. There was some growths over six
feet long made this year, and as fine
apples of tho kind as there is any n hero.
My obe ervation has been that orchards
as a rule, if pruned in tho latter part of
the spring and let go until the next year,
is a great mistake. Trees that are prun
ed as soon as they start in the spring will
shoot out thousands of water nprouts
that must be taken off as soon a thy
start, except tho-o that are to form tho
top of the tree. If you do not dq this
your tree are ten-fold worse than they
were at first But if this in done and
thoroughly, in two yean you will have
an orchard that will surprise you and
your uciglibois. Thorough cultivation
is necessary, and to do this plant potatoes,
cairots, mangel wurtzels, rutabagas or
all of them, and you will have enough
feed to pay you for four work, Mr. S.
Miller living two miles west of Oregon
City, has done this same thing even
after" his trees were from four to six
inches through. The root crop ho fed
to about 100 sheep, thieo or four cows,
two to,four horses and had plenty to use
and plant. We gio one, but might
give ihniiy more, if it was necessary. All
who $e liberal attention havo good
orchards. S. P. I.noham.
S,t The Sixteenth Amendment.
'" Xi:w E ka, Or., Feb. 1 1 , 1 SS 1 .
KJilor Willamette Farmer:
' While it is a good thing for the people
to discuss tho various topics that nie
agitating the minds at tho present time
woul(l it.not bo well to consider tho con
stitutional amendment that is to bo de
cided W our votes next Juno. For my
own part I bhall support it and do all I
can for it from tho fact that I have never
seen any ill result from being ready on
our part to grant every privilege toothers
that wo ask for ourselves, and in grant
ing to our mothors, wives, sisters and
daughters the liberty of a choice wlie
we are selecting those who are to bo our
officers we are doing but a simple act of
justico, and in withholding, as we are
doing now, wo aro casting a reflection
bpoh their 4500d.8en.so and judgment.
But it is not my object at present fo
enter into a lengthy discussion, only to
call attention to tho subject. The polit
ical privileges of one-half of our people
is certainly of as much importance as
transportation or taxatian.
Thomas' Rik km vn.
Grange Meeting.
Ikvino, Or., Feb. 11, 1831.
Editor Willametto Farmer.
Lane County Pomona Orange will
meet with Springfield Oiango on tho
fourth Saturday in February. All
fourth degree members in good standing
are cordially invited, Impoitant public
questions will bo divu'hcd, and a full
attendance isdt"ired,
Hespectfully,
A. C Jkvnixcs', Sec'y.
Little White China Hogs.
Scholls Feiiuy, Feb. 7, 1S81.
EJitor Willamette Farmer:
I would like to know whero 1 could
get what is called the littlo whito China
hog. If you or any reader of tho Wil
lamette Faiihfii, know where I can get
them I wish they would do so through
the columns of this paper.
S. J I.NOUAM.
VlUard to the Board of Trade.
Xew York City", Fob. 1, 1881.
To tho Portland Hoard of Trade:
Gentlemen I have tho honor to
acknowledge the receipt of a certified
copy of the resolutions which your
honorable body pa-sedontho lltb nil.
in relation to iny retirement from the
several corporations formerly under my
management
Once more I am thus indebted to the
Portland board of trade for great kind
ness. Your action on this occasion, Is
however, far more welcome to mo than
any previous evidence of your good will
for it has taken pluco in these days of
my disappointment and misfortune,
and shows that my fate has not changed
your former just appreciation of my mo
tives and aims. Let me assure you that
01 the numerous messages ol generous
sympathy and undiminished regard
that have reached tnu from all parts of
this country and from Europe, none
has been more cheering and bracing to
to mo than your kind words,
I havo spent tho ten most active years
of my life in promoting conscientiously
and to tho bent of my ability, and wel
fare of your city nnd state, as well as of
tho North Pacific coat generally. I
had to carry a burden than which a
heavier one hardly any man ever carried
in this country, J' finally broko down
under ita crushing weight, Tho know
ledge that 1 still'havo your esteem and
confidence helps nie much in my distress.
Your truly anil gratefully,
If, YlLLAKI),
TK.LAMOOK.
Mr. J, (J, lieu ley, son of Nunc l!v
ley, formerly of the Red Hills, near
Salem, now lives in Tillamook. Wo
met him in Portland tho other day and
had a pleasant talk about that country.
It is shut off from this alley by the
coast mountains, and its products arc
conveyed by steamer or sail vessols to
Portland. The voyage from Portland to
Tillamook has been made in 12 hours,
and from Astoria in five hours, but this
voyage is sometimes rough and people
don't generally like tho dangeis of tho
sea. It is necessary to havo a good
wagon load from Portland by some
direct route, as that is tho best maikct
to trado in. The loud via Yamhill is
very lough and mountainous. Mr.
Uewloy was at a bottlers' meiling mid
was appointed 0110 of a committee to
look out a good road, lie said ho made
a trip across by an oasy route, us fol
lows: Leaving tho uiihoad at Forest
Grove ho went up Galo's crock, cjosscd
by an easy routo to tho head of Wilson
crock, and thon down that crock to tho
shores of Tillamook Hay, or Kelchis,
which is Mr. Rewley's home. IIo was
astonished to find so good a loute.
There was no bad hills to climb ; no
sevcro grades to ascend. IIo went with
Rev. Wm. Robciij), who was then very
feoble. They only mado a few miles a
day, and Rowley kept asking his com
panion, who had been (Over tho route,
when thoy would get to the mountain
part. Ho says thoy found no difficulty,
and there was no place whore a road can
not bo mado over which an oidinary
team can haul a usual load. Fiom
FoiestGrovo to Kolchis, down Wilson
creek, is about 10 miles, tho total (lis
tanco from Portland ib notoer 70 miles
by a piacticablo road. Tho bao lino of
Oregon surveys commences nt Portland.
The duo lino froirj Portland passes
through Mr. Rowley's fium, -18 miles
west of that city. Tho practicability of
the loute via Gale cieek 011 t',:o east and
Wilson creek on tho west seems beyond
doubt, and the scltleis aro intoicsted in
having it opened. Portland should tako
some interest in this matter and can af
ford to do so becauso that country will
ho a good customor.
Tho coast region is not appreciated
at its actual value. Tillamook county
contains much excellent country and
will support a largo population. On tho
bay largo lumber mills aro being elected
ami tno mngmiiccnt lorests of that le
giou will soon find 11 market. Tho
ridges back from tho bay aro heavily
timbered and streams from the const
mountains aro well calculated to float
flown logs for supply of these saw millF,
Tillamook county has a vast wealth of
timber, also prospects for coal that never
havo been followed lip. Tho forests
south of thoro Voro sonio yoara ago de
vastated by a terriblo fiio that swopt
over the foot-hills of the coast range hut
spared tho grand growth of centuries
cast of Tillamook Uay. Tho alder is re
markably fine, with some maples. The
larger growths aro fir, spruce, cedar,
hemlock, etc., and of tho best quality,
Tho bottom lands of Tillamook and
tho streams adjacent aro wonderfully fer
tile, 01110 of them aro settled far into
tho mountains. Around the hay thoro
is a great deal of tide lands that extends
up the streams in some instances. It is
a good stock country, and dairying is
very profitable there. People all havo
soin 0 money and aro reasonably prosper
ous. One incident illustrates the good
qualities of tho country : A man who
owed f 800 wanted to sell his cows at
$25 each, two or three jears ago, to raise
money. He couldn't sell tho cons and
was advised to milk them and make
butter, He commenced in the spring
to milk 23 cows that during the season
averaged 200 jKninds of butter, This ho
sold for 27J cents, realizing ?5' for each
cow. During tho Eeason no realized
$1,205 f6r tho butter,, paid off tho 800,
and hail niouey lift to buy supplies.
Owing to disadvantage of approach
Tillamook county was not scttlod as
eirly or thickly as would ho expected of
a county within CO miles of tho metropo-"
lis of tho North Pacjfie, and less than 40
miles distant from a railroad that can
bo reached by a wagon road through an
easy mountain pass. Tillamook county
has ten or twelve hundred people, and
has room and profitnblo occupation for
thousands more. Its lands aro not
nearly all claimed and sottled on, and
there is no section of country where
tillage pays better. A few acres will, raise
an immense quantity of vegetables. Its
bottom land equals our beaver dan)..
Oats yield SO to 100 bushels to tho acic
Grass of all kinds does well, nnd white
clover is nativo thore, as it conies up
fioely as soon as tho land is cleared of
shado. For dairying that region is un
cqualcd, as also for stock raising. A few
acres of tido land will yield, plenty of
hay and furnish pasturage for ealtlo. It
is a countiy with variety of production
and can hocomo wealthy by good man
agement, Tho building of haw mills
will givo rise to a lumber tiado of conse
quence and aid tho commcrco of tho
bay. If coal proves to be there in good
quantity and quality its commorco may
reach great dimensions. Mr. Uewloy
says a man with half a dozen cows can
inako a living there and steadily gain,
property.
Tillamook is said, by good authority
on that question", to havo the host en
trance of any point on' tho coast between
San Franeisco, andtraitaof. Fqca.,
That was tho published opinion of tho
captain of tho lovenuo cutter Shubriek.
Tho entranco is easy of access, and ves
bols of proper di aught can cross tho bar
at any time. Portland should bo inter-o-ted
in placing this interesting legion
in closo connection with its own busi
ness. Her merchants can aflbid to sub
scribe Kiiuotliiiig towmds making a road.
Washington county should seek con
nection with the ocean by making that
part of (ho load that lies in that county
up Galo's cicck. Our Tillamook friends
aio on tho ovo of greater things, Thoy
must work their way out to the woild so
as lo permit tho outsido (unitarians to
visit their region in summer to batlin in
tho suif, Tillamook county oxtends
fiom tho Xohalom to below Nctaits
Uay, and has all sorts of soil to offer for
cultivation, Tho coast counties will
soon assert themselves as of paramount
importance not surpassed by tho illu
sions of Crour d'Aleno gold.
The Advance In tho Price of Moats.
San Francisco, Feb. 10, S)iecial,
Tho late rain is respousiblo not only for
tho raised hopes of farmers, but also for
raised pricos of beef and mutton which
now prevail. Within tho hist ten daytj
tho prico of tho articles of food has been
steadily advancing, and threatens to
ad vanco still further. Tho wholesale
prico of bcof has gono as high as
oloven cents for choice, whilo tho average
aluo is seven cents. Mutton has risen
to eight cents against fivo cents in
ordinary seasons. Tho rain is tho causo,
for until its appearance feed was short
and cattle worn poor, and stock ranchers
were compelled to sell or let the
cattlo starve. When tho rain catno nt
last Ijoovoh were so emaciated that it
caused their death by thousands. Tho
first night's riownjiour in southern
counties benumbed whole beards of half
starved cattlo, nearly all of which wero
allowed to diet, the California Mock
preferring to tako tho risk of nhortago iu
feed rather than exenil a certain sum
of money for hay with which to tide IiIh
cattlo 01 er. Rut now that tho ruin is
over and tho grass lins commouccd to
sprout, such of tho cattlo as havo been
sawdwill Ixj kont for fattintr nusposo.
Tho pricosof meats all over the coast will
be high lor tomo months.
Tho company of Russians mentioned
in our columns 11 short timo'ugo, fays
the Itosohurg Pjaindcaler, 11 having
located near (iUmilfiln. are vmrntnn'mw
who never cat meat or fih of any kind,
religiously believing that it is wicked
to kill any animal then feed on its flesh.
It is predicted that one-half tho total
to bo appropriated this j car will goto
tho Mississippi (?0,000,000) and that
thoro is small chanco for any largo ap
propriation for Pacific coast river,
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