VOL. XV.
orrconilcnt
Some Experience on the CraBs Question,
Cijksswell, Or., Jan. 30, 1SSI.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
As grass is of the most importance to
us in the way ot farming, we read with
interest anything upon the subject. We
had thought from reading our editor's
description of Lincoln grass (as grown
on Mr. Townsond's farm near Salem) as
being the kind wo wanted, something
that would thrivo on any boil, and not
ran out as is the case with timothy and
most othor kinds. But alas, our pros
pects are blighted by reading A. D. Bol
ton's articlo in the Faumkr of January
2"jtli.
Some tell us that Bermuda grass is
nuro to grow and cannot be killed. Well,
we would like to find a good stock of
grass that would stand by us. We re
ceived a small package of Bermuda grass
roots from Texas and set them out; it
turned green, butnfter a few frosts it
teemed to bo dead. But oven if it would
stand our climate it is too blow a way to
get grass. Several ycarsago wo had some
slashing of brush done, and after burn'
ing, had timothy and orchard grass seed
wown; it ennio up, but has long tincodis
appeared. We still continued to have
trash cut until wo had over 1100 acres
cut and burned, most of which was
sown to velvet (or as somo call it mes
quite) grass. The hard fiecze and dry
weather following ln-t year injured this
as well ns other kinds of grass. This
however has pioved to bo the best and
most lasting of any wo have yet found,
hut this does not stand too close pastur
ing with sheep; the ground moss in
places seems to diivo it out; it is far
moro durablo if horses and cattle alone
tiro pastured upon it.
Wo have sent to Noith Carolina for
some Japan clocr. If we should suc
ceed with this in getting it to grow and
do as well, or nearly, a recommended,
we shall be veiy thankful.
X. A. W. Down.
Wcathn- Keport for January. 1884.
Eui,. I'ebmary 1, lcSI.
EJitur Willamette Fanner:
Dining January, 1SS1, Iheie wore 10
days during which mm fell, and an ag
gregate of 15. 15 incho of water; there
wcro 11 clear, o fair iind 1" cloudy il.iy-,
othor than those n which lain fell.
Tho moan tempei.itino for the month
was 311.91 (leg.
Highest daily mean (-mpcr.itiuo foi
the month, "7 dog. on tin till.
Lowest daily menu inni-iatuiofor the
mouth, 2S deg. on the 1st and 21th.
Mean tcniieratuio for the munth at
2 o'clock l'.M., -13.10 deg.
Highest temperature for the mouth, .17
deg. at 2 r. ji.oii the 4th.
Lowest tenineraturo for the month. IS
deg. at 7 a. m. on the 21th.
Frosts occurred on the 1, 2, 10, 1 1, JU,
14, 15, 111, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. 2:1, 21,
25, 27,28, '20.80, 111.
Tho pievailing wind- for the month
were from tho ninth dtuiii',' IS days,
southwest 12 il.iy-, -outh 1 day.
During January, 1S8.'), there were 17
rainy days and 7.87 inches uf water,
8 clear, and 1 1 cloudy day.
Menu temperature for the month,
:i(i.03 deg.
Highlit daily mean tciuicratuiu for
ho month, 50 dog., on tho 30th.
Lowest daily mean toniK.-i-.uiuo fur
tho month, U deg. on tho 19th.
T. 1'KAnc.
Keeping Cabbage in the Winter In Oregon.
StLKM, F l. I, 181.
E-litor Willamette l'armer:
Wo sco quito often iu the Famiek and
other agricultural twpers printed on this
ooast, articles telling how to keep cab
bage in tho winter by burying them in
the ground, keeping them in pits," etc.
These articles are generally copied frtm
borne Eastern paper. Qar wra aro
so warm .we cannot bury tiffkt and
keep them, they -will all rotj if "we put
them in pits or cellars, it. is the Mine;
the only thing to do is.to let kB'aid
where they grew. Set the plants of late
varieties iu July or first of August, and
they will head in December and through
the winter, and keep very nicely stand
ing in the field without bursting or in
jury. The only difficulty 1 know of is
thero is such a demand for them at this
time of the year one is inclined to gather
and sell them, and not let them stand
through. DnxTKi; Fn:i n.
National Agricultural Convention.,
New Yoiik, Jan. 9, ISSt.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
The fourth National Comcntinn, un
der the auspices of the American Agri
cultural Association, will bo held tit the
Grand Central Hotel, New York City,
Wednesday and Thursday, February G
and 7, 18S1. Addiosseswillbo delivered
and papers road by leading thinkns and
writers on topics of general intcrc-t, and
all identified with agricultural and
kindred pursuits are cordially iini'cd to
be present and participate in the pinecod
iugs. Delegates will be piescnt from all
sections of the country, and at range
ments for reduced lates of faie an- lioing
mado with tho railroads leading into
New York. The annual meeting of tho
Association for the election of oiliccrs and
tho transaction of other business includ
ing tho matter of n national agricultural
fair, will bo held at 12 m. of the first day
of tho Convention.
These conventions, two of which have
been hold in Now York, and ono in
Chicago, have become- national in their
attendance and inllucnce, and features of
Amoiican agriculture.
By order of tho President.
Jo. IL Beau, 1)2 Park Bow, Soc'y
Hereford Cattle Wanted.,
Wiij.ia.ms, Or., Jan. 20, 18S1.
KJitor Willamette Faimer :
"Will you lie so kind a, to tell me
whether thero is anyone in Oiegon that
breeds or has for sale Hereford cattle.
Also, give mo about their prices, if
known, and oblige, Yours truly,
T. M.Stiii:.-'.
Noin. Breeders of lino cattle would
do well to let their wares bo known. An
advertisement in this paper will bring
good returns and quick sales. The cot
is comp.natively small- llnrron.
Agricultural Machinery.
As will bo seen elsewhere, Messrs.
Brown, Fulleiton & Co., is tho name of
a now firm. They will deal exclusively
in agricultural machinery and shelf
h.tidware. James Brown, a- well ns
l.ufien B. Fullert6n, aro lioth old 10-i-
dent- of this city, and our re.ulei- can
iet assured that they will be ablu to get
what they want and be assured of fair
trt-Htnient by this linn. They have a
full line of Oliver chilled plows, McCor-miek-'
headers and mowers as well as
tho celebiated Bain wagon and a full line
of shelf hardware. Drop in when you
conio to town and get acquainted and
see how well our friends can "'talk plow."
Tho Marion County Co view of the
Vidette, issued by C. O. .Norton and F.
E. Hodgkin, who ate tho compilers, is a
complcto rew'cw of the advantages
offered by ono of Oregon's best counties
The number before us i ten pages and
full of readable and statistical matter.
Thero was fourteen thousand copies
issued and subscribed for by tho citizens
of Salem. Send ten cents for a copy to
E. 0. Norton fc Co., Salem, Oregon.
Tho wind on Wednesday was chil
ling. It kept up all day and until
Thursday morning. The thermometer
marked 20 deg. below freezing on Wed
nesday and it ha hardly reached zero
jet, this season.
"It is estimated that ono dollar ir
aero with bueh pulverizers as tho Holler,
Plankdrag and common Harrow, will
add livo to ten burhcls per acre to tho
wheat crop, and to other crops in the
same proportion. This samo work may
lie performed moro cheaply and easily
by using tho "ACME" Pulverizing
liarrow.Clod Crasher A Levcler. AVitli
it, the three orations of crushinglumpo,
leveling off the ground, and thoroughly
pnlverrzing the soil, are informed at
tho wine time." (Page 8th of this paper.)
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY
CATTLE IN WESTERN OKEQON.
Tlieie me a numbci of bleeders of
Shoit horn in Western Oregon. Ladd
& Itecd have their herd on Bachelor's
Island, on the Columbia, below the Wil
lamette. They have eighty head in all,
about foity full blood and as many
grade, nearly all aie cows and heifei",
only two young bulls for sale.
M. Fi-k has brought down hi hcul of
thiily cows and heifers from tho Walla
Walln legion and has also a number ol
grades on the Scappoon Bay, but has no
stock for sale that we know of.
Tongue, of Washington county, has
the Ayr-hire cattle that B. E. Stewart &
Sons originally brought to this country,
and hns been bleeding them seveial
ycais.
McEdowney, also of Wa-hington
county, has some of the .Slewart impor
tation of Short horn.
In Clackamas at Cnnby. Jmlc;t) A. E.
Wait is breeding a few Shorthorn, also
of the Stewart stocjc, and C. T Howard
of Molino, had about eight- n head of
Shorthorns lat year, Ho talks of going
Rut tmd bringing on a cailiud of good
stock, Shorthorn cattle.
T. J. Apperson, of Oregon City, presi
dent of the Stato Agricultmal society,
is bleeding Jerseys and probably has as
good a herd as thero is in tho State.
G. W. Dimiek, of Hubbard, MArion
county, has twenty head of Shorthorns,
mo-tly cows and heifers; only two
young bulls for salo. Ho has also ton
head of Jerseys mostly cows and .heifers,
The Oeer's, in tho Waldo 'Hills,' aio
breeding grade Holsteins, nn infoinmnt
thinks they have no full blood females.
C. W. Cary, of "Waldo Hills, has a
few line black Polled Angus and some
choice Joi-eys, the stait for a good herd
of leally good cattle.
T. L. Davidson, of Salem, has two
Jersey cow., and (iov. Moody, also of
Salem, has as good a herd as there i in
Oiegon, ecn if they didn't take tho
Stato Fair premiums.
1). II. Looney, of JolTcrsoii, has seven
bead of Jerseys, chiclly cows and heif
ers, chosen with gieat care from the
best herds in California.
D. C Stewart, of Forest Crovo, for
meilyof Yamhill, has tho best lot of
Holbteins in Oregon. Ho exhibited
eight head of choice stock at tho Iat
Stato Fair.
Mr. Ilutsonpiller, of Linn county, had
somo fine Jerseys that were advertiisl in
tho Faumi:h. His firt wero good stock
from the well-known hord of W. C.
Mycr, of Ashland, Jackson county.
Henry Myer and his son-in-law, I. II.
Hastings, of Polk county, have quito a
number of Shorthorns and grade, and
deserve credit for their siiccus as breed
ers, which is attested by tho prcmitius
won at every Stato Fair.
V. C. .Myer, of Jackson county, was
ono of the first brcedors of piuo Jerseys
in our Stato and is still prying attention
to dairy stock.
Thero tiro probably others in tho btiri
ncs this side of tho mountains but we
aro not posted further. If tho cattle
men were enterprising enough to adver
tise we should know them better. Tho
Faumi.ii has for years been doing all that
was possiblo to advance their interests as
it has constantly set forth the inipoi
tanco of raising stock instead of growing
wheat. In short we havo made it aj-
parent that stock pays, that grass is tho
lx,-st crop for profit and ono that enriches
tho laud while the ordinary course of
farming impoverishes the toil.
By reading Eastern ktock rr ports in
agricultural papers and stock journals,
wo boo that the average sales of cattle
from Western herds average n great ileal
moro than our Oregon br-Hlers realize.
It is about $100 hero to $200 thero and
our breeds aro well bred. Such good
ork liave wo done for the-e stock men
that they have last year anil this year
found generally free sales of thrir stock
and wo only hear of occasionally ono of
them that have males for sale. The
stock interest looks up in this State
liui'o tin advance in price of beef and
mutton makes sto'k raising more profit
able. As good stock pays the best wo
see an jnciea-rd demand for good eattlo
to breed from.
More attention is now paid to dairy
stock. The Shoi thorn is preferred for
beef and tho Jeroy for butter, but there
arc somo who take tho IIoMoin as fully
as good for the dairy becau-o of its ex
cellence as a cheese maker. Tho milk
of tho Holstciu does remarkably well for
butter-making and particularly excels in
turning out tho best quality of eheose.
Dairy site are being looked up and ap
propriated for ues everywhere.
SHEEP AND WOOL.
From all that we can gather concern
ing the wool iniukct tho prospect docs
not favor the producer. That is to say :
Overproduction of woolen goods has
eono on and stocks are large through the
American market. Owing to a heavy
duty on wool and woolens tho United
States is very little influenced by tho
world's goneial supply and the foreign
maikots. This country produces nearly
its full supply and goes abroad only to
find the coarser and liner grades that wo
do not produce. Our wool growers com
pote in a measure against each other
and so do our manufacturers. No doubt
however the reduction of duty had somo
offect to put down last years prices. Tho
winter has been unusually mild all
through, this country and hvs woolen
goods than usual have lieon required for
the general trado of the country. Of
coftroo this will cnne a lessened demand
for wool for tho year to come at lesser
price. Early in this month the gio.it
London auctions will bo held to sell tho
different classes of wools furnished by
tho British colonic. This salo will be
an indication ol tho worlds markets.
Tho condition of our own local markets
can be inferred from n icpoit we heard
this week in Portland, that camo fiom
very reliable authority, that 1,200 bags
of Eastern Oregon wool were stored on
coinmission for which no higher price
than 15o u pound could ho got, so it re
mained unsold. Of courso wo cannot.
predict what may happen, but it looks
a if the word grower could not expect
any such price soon again as he has been
lecpiving previous to 1883.
In connoctioii with wool growing it is
well enough to consider tho facts iu re
gard to that industry in our own State.
Eastern Oregon and Washington wool
growers have carefully bred up their
Hocks until they have attained a decided
charactor that securos for their wool the
highest prico obtainable. They aio well
bred up in Merino blood while tho fai lu
cre of tho Wil'amelto havo been very
negligent with their "Hocks. They giow
wheat and keep a fow sheep each to act
as scavengers and clean their"giotind of
woed. Many of them havo bred from
CotBwolds and havo a very coarse and
uneven fleece, that has neither weight
nor quality. Every farmer can keep a
fair band of sheep and will find profit in
it if ho takes care to keep up frosh blood
of tho right kind. Cotswolds are hardly
as good as somo other of tho long wools
or mutton sheep. Tho Saw Oxfordshire,
Shropshire or Southdown will cross well
with Merino and make a fair mutton
sheep and equally fair fioi-ce. Such
sheep will bo profitable near the markets'
of our towns, llicio will ho an incieait
ing demand for good mutton and such
breeds as will supply that demand w ill
well repay care, and remonablo outlay.
Sheep mutt hao fresh blood often to
keep up to tho Ust requirements.
Whilo such Hocks will pay well within
easy reach of tho meat demuud, Hock
owners away from that demand must
brtod moro for paying wool. Wo dis-
cuhxjI this matter the other day with a
gentleman who has been a bhcep-brecd-er
and is a wool-buyer, ono of the best
judges. He agrees with it that no
sheep owner can afford to neglect his
flock. It will le worth $100 a head to
him o select good bucks to u-e. As it
8, 1881
i, inot of lit' -In "p-ownei of this val
ley have mulnr good wool nor good
mutton.
Modoc Warriors
Tiavelcis out tho Vinita branch of tho
'Frisco Kailroad will doubtless icuiem
ber tho little village of Seneca, nestled
in ugly rinincs, about 010 miles south
west of St. Loui, and lying immediately
on tho lino dividing MiMmi from tho
Indian Teiritory. Within four miles of
tho depot now reside all that are loft
of the Modoc. They n rived at Camp
Modoc, as their reservation was namid,
ten j ears ago, numbering all told li(
soul. l'r eight years thero was a
-mall annual decrease in then-numbers
until they fell below 100, counting men,
women and children. Their present,
strength is 10(5.
Tho reservation consists of 1000 acre,
-urvojed intofoity-.u'io lot. Taken a
a whole it- is a tine track of land, embracing
prairie, timber, upland for fanning, low
valleys for hay and pasluingo, with an
Abundance of living water for stock,
gooil well water hmoer wells have
been dug, and stone sullicient for the
neee-sities of tho tiibo. The timber is
also heavy enough for saw ing and lumber
ing purpose. I lame wns formerly plen
tiful but it ib latterly growing scarce and
wild. Princess Mary, sister to tho
notrious Captain Jack, is tho only living
blood i elation ho now has among tho
Modoc. All his childien aro dead. Ono
of his wios is now here, an old, ill
favored squaw, childle-8, without rela
tives of the slightest tribal influence.
Scarfaco Charley is a medium sized
man about M), quick and nervous in
manner. Ho was working nt a. sawmill,
rolling log to the carriage and spring
ing nbouta lively as a wicket, talking,
grinning and exhibiting a fine flow of
animal spirit. Ho is now the chief of
tho tribe and not a little proud of his
promotion. The ofiico exists mainly in
name, however. Tho young man no
longer respect tho authority of tho chief,
and Clfarlcy wisely attempts to exorcUn
mine. Ho is soi ujmloiisly hone-tin hi
dealings with white men, bus u fair
knowledge of figures and can compute
thovalueofalo.nl of corn oi his pur
chase at a stoio ii'iidily niidiiccur.itily.
.Steamboat Kiank is peihaps (ho mo-t
notable man among the Modoc, lie
lives in a ginxl two-iootnod frame house
towaid the north end of thu reser
vation. IJ is well finished, painted
and furnish-il. Outside on a block
stood a clean, blight tin iv.ishh.t-iu mid
apiece of soip. Tho school has an en
rolement of seventeen scholars, these
being till tho children, of school ago in
the tribe. Between thirty and forty
Modern have embraced Christianity and
aie doing as well as white iieoplo could
iu their condition. The experiment of
asisting tho Modoc has pioven one of
the most satisfactory tn the lutoiy
of
tho Indian departnient.
crat. -Globe
Di'iip-
How to Secure EgM In Winter.
Int eating of the cure and ftediiig of
hens during winter in order to secuie
themo-t eggs, a eonespondeiit of the
Indiana Fanner says:
"My experience is that it is useless to
expect him to lay dining winter unless
somo consider! hie pains aro taken for
their comfort. Tho iiist thing that iH
necessary i shelter; this limy bo pro
vided, and should be constructed so as
to ufl'oid warmth and yet plenty of
ventilation. Jf it can face the south, so
much tho letter, as it give the jioiillry'
a ehaiicotosun themselves without nn
diiocxK)niire. They must bo wateied and fed regu
larly. (lio fresh water twice a day at
least, not cold froen water, but mod
erately warm, so that Ihey can drink all
they need without inlaiigoring their
health. Then they uiut he fed regulaily,
My rule of feeding is to give whole corn
just before they go to roo-t at night.
This give ilium a full stomach,, on
gizzard, to supply wamith and borne
thing to grind during the night, lit
the morning either wheat Hcrcciiingri,
oats, or sorghum seed. For eggs alone
nothing can equal wheat, at eat that
ib rny experience. Twicoawuikl give
a handful of sunflower seed as I consider
them Miry lienltyfood. Then a fad of
chopped onion and n.d pepper, mixed
with either corn meal or coarto flour,
cooked and fed warm helN the produc
tion of eggs. With thin treatment mid
with convenient nests, I find nodiUlculty
in securing a liberal supjdy of eggs dur
ing the winter at a time when they
bring the highest price, and therefore
find my iioultry as profitable as any
stock on tho farm, in proportion to value
and cot of feed."
ISO. f2
July R:ics3 in Union Courty.
Mr. L. Kcmilurd,of LaUriiudu, Union
county, Oregon, sends us tho following
Proginmmo for the July races, to take
p.aco at his racctrjek commencing July
2nd, 1SS1. continuing four d.ijs:
Filler Day. Half mile he.ts,2 iu 3,freo
for all; purse SloO. Fiist hoise, .$125;
S'Tond 23. Same Day. Dah of one
mileriieo for all hoises that havo never
ran for public money; purse 00. First
h"iso ?')(); second 10. Sr.coM) DaY
Sm en-eights of a. mile, 2 iu !!, free for
all; puiso 200. Fiist horse .flOO;
second !?10. S.uno Day Da-h of ono
mile, fiee for all '.i jiar olds brut in
Oregon, Washington or Idaho Terri
tories ; pur-o S1')0. First horse .$120;
second .$150. Tuiist) Day Twn-jenr-old
coll stake, 5 eights of a mile; -$200 added
lo entnuico money, making a stako of
$800. Entries closed Jnnimiy 1, 188-1,
with the following nominations: 1, Cy..
Mulkoy, Hoise City, enters sorrel ei It by
Wildw'ood; dam M.ittio by Noifoik; 2,
B.iv coll by Wildwood ; dam Peggy by
Marshal MnoMnliori; !!, Hay colt by
IS.illot Bovj dam Jenny Billemnn by old
iuiiuiiiiui ; 1, Tiiuui'i-5 iMiui.il, j.uitui
Ch, enters sortel colt bv Miuintiduke;
dam by Diuidium's dam; ii, M. W.
Ijaslev, Ln Grande, enters chestnut
lilley Elvn 11. by Ophir; dam lletsy '-v
I.angfoid; second dam Qneo- by J jfl
folk ; (!, Chestnut stallion Oro, y
Ophir; dam by Lniigforil; stroud
diun Abbey by Norfolk ; 7, John Young,
Walla Wullii, oiiteis Villaid by Lmn;
dam lto-a Munclicld by Uivoli, out of
lMelln, by Star Davis ; 8, 1) M. Dnrbin,
Fort MoDei mot, Nevada, outers Minnie
0', by ConiproinUo; dam Moll in Stock
Ion 'by Woodlmm ; i, Alex Lallufl",
Union, euleis bay lilley llos.i bung by
Chesapeake, dam lllack Queen by
Osceola; 10, Jas Gentry, North Pow
der, hoi i el colt Mosby, by Monte Cbiisto;
ilaiuDisher; 11, Sorrol lilloy Tinny A,
by Motile Clu'isto; dam Dasher; 12,
MeKi.ick, LaCirande; enters soriol lil
ley Seed Wheat, by Osceola, dam un
known ; HI, J. T. Wisdom, linker City ;
entoisehcH'nut colt by Men I o Christo;
dam (!ipy; II, J. W. Wisdom enters
buy lilley by Chesapeake; dam tin
kn'jwn; l", J. IL I'aiker enters hay
colt Tlnee Sotks, by M"iiteChiisio;ilaiu
Dasher. The ueeoud payment of -$5 on
tho aliovo iioiniiinliiins will bo duo
Match 1,1831. SumoD.iy Tiottingraco,
for two j ear-olds, mile heal, 2gii !H
purse SI2fi, First horse if 100; s-coud
S2.1. No colt admitted in t''n race un
less his siro is nominated for tho Trot
ting Sire Stake. Foi'tiin Da V Dash
of ono milo and a q miter fieo for nil;
puiso S200, First holes if 100; second
10. Siuno Day ('onsolalion Purse of
S100, diuh of one milo J for horses who
have not won first money during tho
mei ling.
Baoinm I'uitiH. Tlnee to enlor, flneo
to start. No make-ups allowed. Two
year olds to carry 110 pounds in their
class. All other races lo bo governed )y
tho Culm of the Idaho Driving Park
Association.
Titormo Sum Stakiis. Purso to
date amounts to 150 nominations for
cults to close March 1st. For the Trot
ting Him Staker, to bo competed in Sep
tember, the stako to date amount to
fllM); $20t) given by the As-ocitition.
f200 by tho owners of sires, as publish'
ed bulow. I'ivtt dollars must nccotn
puny noininations ;.$.") to bo paid May 1st;
tfi.Jitby 1th; SS Seiitemlwr loth. No
colt eligible for the stake iiiiIoh sired
by the following : Dead Shot by Alcldoj
dam YinilcxjifliO U-inout by Almont;
dam Swaggart Loxingtn; 10. Anvil
by Erinkson ; dam by Hilly Taylor; if!IO.
Hnshaw by fircen Hishaw, ilm by
iiven .Miiint;tiiHoy;!fli, HI ick Stran
ger by Wi'ir Kno;dam Iteynold'suiaro;
Jf.'iO, Challenger by Almont; dam Bell
Norman; -jW). Oningo County by
Volunteer: d.iin by Volunteer; 2n.
I wtr I - r..i.l'U,l) (S',t illb' UlllHtl ',
$10. "Alwoodby Almont; f 10.
Oregon Asttlnut iho World.
A vinit was ni.idu to the residence of
A. Tyler, l.itwcok, and the writer win
shown lettuce, radihs and onion that
had eoine up fiom seed that had fallen
upon the giouuil ltil fall. The email
onions h'ul a top of some five or six
incho, while tho lettuco wa at lo i.t
two and a half or three inchiu out of
tlii gronml; the radishe-i llkiwise. This,
mind you, was on the 17th day of Janu
ary, lb8 1. Heat it if ion can, Wash
ington Enterprise.
A roniHtcnl authority says of tho
"ACME" Pulverizing Harrow, Clod
Crusher A Levcler, "Thraa va
rious qualities lit it for an easy, rapid
and olliciont preparation ol land, am! in
cheaply making tho broad fields of n
large farm into as fine a condition at a
garden." (Pago 8th of this paper.)
vT".
ffl
- yn