h
VOL. XV.
ornnAtwt
REVIEW OF SENATOR SLATER.
letter In Answer to the Resolutions or the
Columbia Elver Wool Grewera Asso-
elation
Editor Willamette Farmer:
Tho letter of Senator Sinter to tlio
"demand" made upon him for service us
their representative by the. wool growers
of Eastorn Oregon, is uniquo in somo re
spects ; so much so that it will boar ex
amination in nil its point, as tho letter
is a long one, and tho subject ono that
tho Senator (it is presumed from tho
nearly thrco months time it took him to
write it) was not familiar with.
First Tho general tono is unusually
bold. Tho Senator h evidently not
afraid of his wool growing constituents.
Second-He takes them to task for their
ue of tho word "demand" in asking his
aid to defend what he ovidontly believes is
so much a "spocial interest" or to entitle
him to call them "monopolists " This,
so far ns words go, is "returning a Itoland
for an Oliver."
Third 'Ho tells them that tho Nation
al Government must raise revenue, and
one moans of doing so is by duties on
imports, amongst which duties on
foreign wool and woolen goods has "al
ways, excepting from 181G to 18(54, been
of a very highly protective character."
Fourth Ho then tolls tlicnl that the
government was from all sources receiv
ing more revonuo than was required
average duties on manufactured woolens
were by tho tariff of 1SG7, 08.49 per cent.
On No. 1 clothing wool, 43.74 per cent. ;
on combing wool, 42.44 per cunt.; on
carpot wool, 27.38 per cent. ; which is an
averago of 37.85 per cent. ; little more
than half the rates on woolen good'.
Fifth Ho proceeds to show that by
tho rocont chango in the above rates
tho sum of 9,000,000 is deducted from
the price to tho wool growers on tl)e crop
of 300,000,000 pounds of 1883, or, as tho
Senator puts it to restore tho rates would
mako tho wool wearing peopl o of the
United States p.iy that sum in the aggre
gate. $295,000 of 9,000,000 would go ns
revenue to tho United States government,
and tho balance to tho producers of wool
throughout tho nation.
Tho revenue tho government does not
need, the Senator says. And he seoms to
think, that ns '"Uncle, Sam furnishos the
wool growers of Eastern Oregon" with
froo pasture, it is unreasonable for
them "to want him to tat tho ret of his
children for their b-ti'Mt." Hero it
seems to mo Senator tjl.i'' r lets himself
down. Except that somo might sco: "I'll
tench you to 'demand' between tho
lines." Tho letter is not unbecoming a
man of Miis known bin on the subject
But I ask, does tho United State- gov-
erument "furnish tho wool grmveis, cat
tle or horse raisers freo p.vturo?" Can
they under existing laws, without ix-rjury,
get more than 1520 acres acres by giving
value recoivod in labor and time or
monoy for it? It is not moro truo that
the settlors of Eastern Oregon, or thoir
fathers, have given tho land to th.o gov
ernment and it has withdiawn it largely
f ronvtho market in favor of road com
panies? Is it not true that tho diflieulty
of sponring a logal right to the amount
of pasture sutlicient for a secure busi
ness is ono of tho. chief obstacles to per
manent settlement in Eastern Oregon?
Tho sum of tho Senator's argument so
far is: Tho change in the tariff of
I8G7 deducted from tho crop of Eastern
)regon wool three cents per jwund; that
s a special tax in favor of tho wool
jrower it was unjust to tho forty-nine of
his fellow citizens who do not grow wool
but who wear woolens which would
thereby bo niado higher priced; then
fore, as the interest of the forty-uiue in
getting cheap cloth is forty-nine times
er than the one wool grower the
tax should not be restored
Sixth The Mxt position taken by the
Senator U; "It has been demonstrated
over and over again from the statistics
on wool pricos in this country covering
u period of many years, during which
timo wool has boon subjected to varying
duties, somotimos practically prohibit
ing, at other times letting in tho lower
grades entirely freo with moderate duties
upon tho higher and liner grades, that
tho domestic product has always borne
better prices under a low tariff or when
wool was freo, than during periods of
high duties. This fact has been reitera
ted in this country and olsowhcro many
timos by publishers of tho highest char
actor." The logic of thi", would bo that
reduction of tho tariff would raiso tho
prico of wool in fnvor of Eastern Ore
gon wool-growers and consequently raiso
tho cost of woolen goods to his forty
nino fellow citizens who wore tho gjods.
Have wo seen such results? Can n U.
S. Senator think we expect to pee Mich
results? A fuller statement of the facts
in connection with the tariff legislation
will prove that previous to 1846 the fre
qucntchnnges were almostas destructive
to American interests connected with
wool as a scilicet policy in froo trado
could well have bcn. British policy
gave almost freo paturago to wool-grow
ers in Australia and other colonies and
dependencies. British manufacturing
interests kept agents in New York and
.Washington cities. British money was
used in times of depression created by
party contests and partisan changes of
tho tariff to slaughter American sheep.
From such causes tho depression upon
wool growing was such that tho sheop
of tho United Statos during tho decade
from 1810 to 1830 tho increase was but
twelvo per cent, while tho population in
creased about thirty-threo per cent. In
1843, whilo a fow American citizons in
Oregon were, without help from the Uni
ted State, establishing law and domin
ion for it, which settled tho quostion of
ownership from tho Pacific ocean to the
Rocky Mountains, and, by tho same agen
cy boginninniug a war against British
trado interests which at tho commonco
mont of tho decade hnd comploto con
trol of those interests in what is now
known as tho "inland empire." In 1810
American citizenship was victorious nsto
the Tacifio sido. In tho same year Brit
ish trade interests was equally victorious
on the Atlantic side. Tho confrol ac
quired wns based on tho proposition:
That tho holder of property who has for
salo what another party niu"t have, can
set tho price. Tho destruction of Amer
ican sheep was part of tho means to give
G'rcnt Britain this position.
The effect of this distinction in fnwir
of tho foreign wool dealers and wool
niiiiiufnctuicrs can be heen in tho fact
that it immediately and rapidly increas
ed the imiKirts of wool into the United
States. Tho operations of destruction
woto most active in 1843 and 1811. In
1813 the imports of foreign wool for nine
months was but d,:17,'J50 pounds valued
at 215,000. In 1815 it was 23,833,010
pounds, valued at $1,089,791. In 1850-1
it was 32,518,093 pounds valued at S3,
800,000. At this timo nijd for ten years
following, cotton w.is king and his legis
lators seems from tho liguies abovo given
to have ruled under the policy of giving
Johnny Bull control of (ho American
market in order to koop his good will as
a purchaser of tho cotton crop. Tho
(fleet of this policy in tjie national wool
and woolen industries may bo wen in
tho fact that from 1850 to 1800 co.nsum
ors of wool in tho United States increas
ed 8,225,10-1, lieing at the rate nf 35J pr
cent, in tuo ten years. Uurnii; tlio samo
nenou, the suoepof tho country wcrens
oil but 1,591,530, and during tho samo
time mere was imported into the united
States over 1330,000,000 worth of wool
and woolen goods, Tho value of tho
manufactured wool imported during tho
perio I was $295,831,581. Tlio character
of these goods were chioily of the finest
kinds of good but much of it was low
class shoddy goods that laborers in cities
and sailors and miners wero in tho habit
of buying because it was low priced.
In 1800 the production of wool in tho
United States amounted to 60,5114113
pounds; the incrcaao during the decode
from 1850 to I860 being but 15 pen 0:11 1.
aeninst 35 V per cent increase of nonnla-
tiou. The population wan over 31,000,000
so that there was not two pounds of wool
per capita. Nine pound of clotbimr
material per capita it the estimated re-1
' ' ' " " ... . ,, - - . m "" -- .1 I - I.....I. ... ..I......I.H I . m
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, JANUARY
qnircments of the poople, so that allow
ing half to bo cotton tho domestic pro
duct then did not furnish more than
half the needed supply. Consequently
the American pooplo were tending
steadily towards the destiny predicted
for them by Sir Robert Peel, tho
most potent man in Groat Britain at tho
commencement of this period; ind who
said " it has tho destinv of England to
clotho America, i. o.. the United Stiites.
and tho destiny of America to feed Eng '
land, ine civil war was begun (lining
11 portion of which timo tho Nations
defenders were many of thoni clothed
with stuff (shoddy purchased by tho
United States government in England)
which literally molted from men's backs
under tho inllucnco of .warm sunimor
rains. Tho United States hnd to send to
Europo for bunting, out of which to
mako Union flags, and for v.ort(d
braids to enable tho soldiers to distin
guish their officers. The first attempt
to manufacture such things in the
United States started on yarns import
ed from England. It gave stimulus to
homo production 'however, and at its
close a great, amount of woolen goods
purchased for tho army wns thrown on
the market causing a tempo1 iry glut
and depression, which no doubt had .1
great influence in securing tho tariff of
loo, it was a needed measure of
national importance, mul has had
tho eflect of helping to bring tho
United States government out of its
financial difficulties, giving profitable
employment to a great number of citi
zens, both in the factory and in tho field,
spreading settlement over tlio vast area
of grazing land between fho Mississippi
and tho Pacific ocean, and raised our
wool product from 00,000,000 pounds
for a population of 31,000,000 to 300,
000,000 for a population of 50,000,000,
thus giving about six pounds capita of
our population, and biindng near at
hand tlio completo supply of domestic
manufactures by domestic grown wools,
except in regard to the extra fine comb
ing wools, which, so far American grow
ers have neglected in favor of -the extra
heavy fleeced American merino wool.
which is bo-t for most purpose. The desire
for tho fine, long staple Australian, is rej-
rosontcu oy uenrgo wniinm uoiid, men
tioned by Mr. Slater in his 1 ttors. Tho
deiro to get a supply of that kind lower
by tho amount of tho duty taken off,
which led to this discussion, caused a
certain class of Xcw England protection
ists to join those who favoied a tariff for
revonuo only and compelled our ltepro
sentativo, IIon.M. O. George, to voto for
the change for fear of worso conse
quences. The samo sot of facts, or simi
lar onos, quoted from M. Baiidrillnrd
.and Mr. Bond were used by tho National
Woolen Manufacturers as the inducing
cause of appealing to American wool
groweis through its Bulletin ably edited
by John L. Hnye, and inviting tho co
operation of the National Wool Growers
Association in seeming tho tanffof 1807,
That the almost doublo rate of protec
tion of tho American manufacturer was
loft untouched, and pait of tho smaller
sharo is taken to give to tho partner in
interest who already had "tho lion's"
share was hardly ju-t; yet I believe the
loser cares inoro about tho disturbance
than tlio cliargo made nirainH
him, bocauo it gives reason to
fear his interests may for a long
timo to come, bo niado tho foot ball of
paity. But tho gamo is opened, and it
needs no prophet to say that hoforo it is
ended somebo ly will get hurt. Thoo
who intend taking .1 part in tho game
must look nt a different statu of things
from tho national condition in 1810-50
or 1800. Wool growing .is no longer
bounded on tho West by the Mississippi.
Tho businc-sis stronger West than East
of that stream and folloved by a moro
independent class of men ns to party
lines. Interest in manufactures nro not
now bounded by tho Mason tuiA Dixon
lino. It will not bu many years until it
can bo said of tho new South as of the
good wifo in tho Bible: "Sho seekilh
wool and flux, and woiketh willingly
with her hands." Tho Empress of the
northwest will be her elder sister by 25
years or so. .1. .minto.
Who bus Poultry for Bale?
Yakim 1 City, W. T., Jan. 13, 181.
Kli'or Willamttte Farmer :
I havo watched tho columns of the
Fakmfr very closely for somo time past,
for an advertisement of some poultry
raiser. I would liko to purchato u few
blooded chickens, mich as, Plymouth
Hock, Buff Cochon, or White Bramah.
If you can inform me through the col
umns of your paper where I can obtain
cither eggs or chickens for the coming
pnng, I wdl be greatly obliged.
We have had a very pleasant winter
so far, have not had nn inch of snow,
Tho weather is now more liko April than
January, tho ground is in good condi
tion to plow. Stock on tho range look
well and grass is good.- Prospects for
the future- never wero better. Wo arc
all very much pleased with the Fakmeii
and look anxiously for its coming.
Yours, etc., T. H. L.
; Tbo Qullleutte Country.
PieaxtIIim, Or., Jan. 17, 1884.
Kditor Willamette Firmer:
Tlicro being quite n nuinbor of citi
zons in this locality who nro interested
in the Quilleutte country, lying on the
coast in tho northwestern part of Wash
ington Tmritory, would kindly ask you
to furnish tho following information if
you arc prepared to do so in your valua
ble paper.
First Do vessels of any kind enter
thnt port?
Second If so do they make regular
trips?
Third At what timo?
Fourth Is thoro a safe port of entry
for small or largo vossels?
but" What is the character of tho
climate?
Sixth Tho nature of tho soil, and in
short'all that is necessary to mako pleas
ant homes?
Any or all of tho abovo information
would bo thankfully received.
Citi.kn.
" 3, : z
,Dont Like Lincoln Grass.
Tin: Dauxh, Or., Jan. 10, 1881.
Editor Willamette Farmer :
I havo seen inquiries in your paper
about Lincoln grass seed. I think far
mors should bo cautious about raising or
sowing jt for, ns I have found out by a
neighbor's raising some of it this year,
that it is tho samo thing that wo call
ncadew oats in Wasco. Tho seed was
sent nnre 10 niy uncle, ten years ago,
from Iowa. I got seed from him and
sowed eight acie, I raised two crops and
I havo been trying to get rid of it ccr
since. Wasco straw is far superior to it ;
for hay, it is nut sweet and very light
for pasture; horses will not eat it; cat
tle and sho'op will oat it whon greon. It
grows fast, its height being fiom four to
seven feot; seeds quick and drops oft"
and starts up in fence corners and every
where if it is not cultivated every year.
It gr wh in bunclic. I consider it a
great nuisance. Yours,
A. D. Boi.ton'.
Want a Change.
Snuiiwvv, 111, Jan. 11, 1881.
Editor Willnmette Farmer.
I saw a pieco in the Fakmkk a short
time ago from Illinois. The Faiimkk is
11 very valuable paper mid has more than
one reader in this Stato.
1 11111 a young man twenty-two years
old, and was born and rnied on a farm
and expect to livo and dio as a farmer,
but what I want is n chango of climate.
I want to go where tho mercury docs
not cor go as low as 30 deg. bolow zeio,
as such was tho caso hero on tho morn
ing of Jan. 5th, and I want to go whore
moro than from three to ten bushels of
"heat can bo raised to the acre, as such
was tho cabe with us last year. I havo
been rending considerably of late about
that great State, Oregon, but there is 11
number of things that f havo not learned
yet. Ono thing is, supio"o a young
man would buy a piece of ojieii land,
would ho havo to fence it before ho
could raise crops from it? Another
thing, on theso lauds that wo read of,
that produce such abundant crops, aru
they curbed with these boulder rocks as
is tho case of a great many farms in Mis
souri and to sonio extent in the northern
counties of this Stato. If the alovo will
bo answered satisfactory perhaps it will
nnng mysoii and others to that much
read of "garden sjiot of tho world"
Oregon. 'Mi II. Duouman.
Note. Tho person taking up a farm;
especially in Eaetcm Oregon, will bo
obliged to fenco his lauds, as a matter of
courue. The same is true of lands in
Western Oregon, except in llio scab lands
and places that no ono would take up,
especially along tho Columbia river or
Snake river. Western Oregon has
rocks, but we rarely ever ece any that
cause trouble. Editor.
25, 1881.
Sheep Killing Dos: Law.
Bi;avm: Cmn Farm, Jan. 11, 'SI.
Editor Willamette F.irmer:
While East last fall I observed that in
those Statos whore they tax dogs to pay
for tho sheep killed by dogs tho over
plus to go into tbo school fund partic
ularly in Indiana mid Ohio, that they
are fast taking tho lead as wool produc
ing States. Their worn out wheat lands
are boing enriched by shocpinir them.
Tho Ohio dog tax law is inlher severe; I
like tho Indiana dog law hotter; tlio law
there hung tiro until somo years ago and
(Jen Joel Meredith, 11 piominent domo
cratic politician and stock rubor champ
ioned tbo bill that finally became a law.
The last legislature, democratic, made
some Bonsiblo amendments to tbo lw,
namely, making it ono bundled dollnis
fi"o to kill a dog upon which tho tux i"
paid and doing away with tho tags for
meily worn by tho dogs taxed. Tho law
is popular in Indiana and slio is increas
ing her flock". I sent to Indiana to get
a copy of this law, and at the last Legis
lature I gave the copy to Hon, T. W.
Davenport and found most of tho mem
bers inclined to pass such a law, particu
larly tho country members, and Mr. 1'er
kins, of Douglns county, had a bill to
that effect. The bill was dofoctivo and
I tried to get Perkins and Davenport to
gether to frame a suitablo bill, but it
failed somowoy. Now is it po"ssblo wo
shall havo to do tho naughty thing of
electing n democratic Legislature in Or
egon in order to got this law passed? I
hope not, bul wo must havo tho law at
all events, for it is of mora inipoitnrico
than tho mortgage tax law by all odds.
Under tho Indiana dog law, with a good
bounty on wolf scalps, most all fariuors
would keep all tho sheep thoy could and
our well worn wheat fields would soon
recover their lost fertility. In Kentucky
I saw tho finest of sheop ranges null
haidly any sheep, Ono gentleman had
II umgo for two liundud head nf sheti),
I told him of his elianco; wiid ho, I did
hao fchcap, but the dogs Killed so many
I had to quit, and sold them to tho
butcher. (i. W, lli'.sr.
Tlnio to Salt Fork.
E01.A, Or., Jan. 18, 1S81.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
It hns been my practice for twenty
fivo years to cut up and salt my
hogs as fast ns they wore killed. I novor
havo but ono hog on tlio polo at a time,
and two gambrels havo served nto many
years. My way was so unusual that it
took from ten to fifteen yoirs for old
farmers to beliovo in it; young fanners
loarn in one year. I'oik salted as fast nn
killed readily takes suit, dinws out nil
blood and heat in a few liouis, and if tho
weather is cold will tnko enough halt
whilo cooling to savo it, and if well
salted it haidly over frcczis. I le-salt
and pack in tin 00 or four days, kip in
salt 21 days, wash tho joints in boiling
water, pepper with ground tilaclc pepper,
mid hang up to smoko. Tho fly does
not c.iro to meddle with peppered meat
having novor lost a joint.
I have known many persons to let
hogs hang out all night mid iiccu too
hard to cut up, and ns a coiiscmionco
much spoilt meat is tho lesull of such
old tep'y notion". Cut up and salt while.
warm (lo not nunc it) and no lear
of smiling meat, on to-salting, bulk up
well, and do not bo too saving of salt,
it is cheaper than meat. IT is tho
almost universal practice as far as my
practico of salting meat is known, to salt
whilo warm. I". L.
A wool, grading hoiisQ is tohoiHtah
lishod in I'oitlaud, but wo don't exactly
seohow l'oitland is to bo the center of
tho wool trade when iiiuu-tentlm of tho
wool is grown est of tbo GW-mlcs and
will bo shipped East. To nlu'p to Port
land mid havo it graded and shipped
back ugaiu will bo poor policy. To es
tablish n wool grading house at Casdlo
Hock and vhip from there East would
sfoin moro liko economy in tho matter.
Wool grading thould bo done and tho
wool shipped East well scoured, 110 doubt
about that being tho right policy,
Thk luirrY who advertises Mammoth
wheat in this hwuo 1ms sent us n fainplo.
Any one who may bo skeptical in the
matter can call and exainino tho samplo
at our office.
NO. 50.
DIED.
E vsr lin.Axi, Jan. 18, 1881. .
Editor Willamette Farmer:
The ydungest sou of Mr. John Dolan
died of scarlet fever. Little Lester was
three years and nine months old, yet 011
durcd his suffering with oxtromo pa
tience, nud whon his spirit had left ite
lifeless foim ho lay with that sweet and
peaceful smilo ho always wore, which
must hnyoovincod his sorrow ing parents
that their loss was his ob'rnnl gain. Ho
wns indeed n lovely boy, with black
sparkling eyes and curly hair, and such
a short tiino since ho was in health and
the prido nt homo it seoms but a vision
and not real.
No dronm, 'tis real, Ida soul has Hod,
And judgment now i uit,
Kcilcemed lie (shines amoug tlio l.l-jst
Crowned through his cross at Ust.
Mourn no more, nor nl.li him hack,
O sorrouful parents of oirth,
Moro tender 1 ow his love for you
Thin ever since his birth, ,
" Weep not doar friendu, for your darling boy
Who was loved so irll by all;
Hii vniitiR Ilfo, bo motloss, so fro from alloy '
He's hut answered a fund Fathei's call,"
" Whilo I whisper
a fow words of comfort,
dear friends,
Ccmo ilry your fond tycs,
fe Is for you,"
fur my heart
111 this sad ordeal you are called
through."
.im tft viul tv,
llOJU 1111 H L I
-till,
to pass
Earth is not near so far away
From the homo of tbo anols wheio leved '
onos stny,
About and abovo they are hovering near r
And trying their bed our louo hunts Ur'
cheer,
" In tears you havo parted with him who f
eoue,
A-id felt as though lifo could have uol'rhrht
mom;
Uut with joy and with smiles you fondly will
froet
Whea life's work ia o'er an 1 in death you
elmll sleep."
With loving sympathy, yourfriond, '
Mi:s. E. J. 1'itlCK.
At Hush Island, Linn county, De
cember 2(ith, 188;i. Itcanie McBee, ngod
ono year, ten mouth", and twenty days.
Did sho find a homo in Heaven?
Did sho find tho gates ajar?
Did the angels meet and' tnko her
In tho shining golden car?
A FllIKND.
An Agricultural Revolution.
Ten or fifteen yeais ago Wisconsin wan
considoied ono of tho largest wheat
States. Hut tho dairy interests took
lodgement tlicro. Grass soon succeeded
tho smaller grains, and now, in Southern
Wisconsin especially, butter and clioeso
and livo stock form tho principle pro
ducts of tho thrifty and enfei prising
farmers of that superior agricultural
region. Southern Minnesota has ho
como inoculated with tho dairy and
creamery fever, which pioinpls tho
Minneapolis Tribuno to make theso
lemaikH: "An importifnt chango is
taking plnco in tho ch.uacterof tho agri
cultural industry of the southern halfof
this State. Instead of relying mainly
011 wheal, the fanners there 1110 putting
moro capital into dairying and giowing
horses, cattlo and hogs. This will lead
to the cultivation of coin and oats much
more cxb nshcly, and tho result already
obliiinnd iiiovo that tho noliev willi
greatly incnjnso tho profitableness of
farming in that locality, and prevent tho
liomiont embarrassment flowing fiom
dependence upon a simglo ciop. Ther
cieamcry business especially is d volop-
ing Willi lem.iiKiuilii rapidity. Therc
oro already sixty-eight of theso In opoiu-
lion, mid eight more will Login biihincsH
oiuly hi tho spring. Tho butter pro
duced is of excellent quality, and com
mands high prices."
Tho following is a statement of busi
ness tiausacled at tho United States
land office in Washington Territory, foir
the Ibcal year muling Juno .'!(), 18S:i:
Colfiu, total, all ontiios 252,057 0'J
acres; cash received, S87.2I2 10; Yakf
ma, total, all entries C(i,2.'i:j 0li ncres;
tflJ.MU 81 cash received; Walla Walla,
total, all entries 201,!12(S !)() acres; if-112,-771
1C cash received! Vancouver, total.
all entries 7.'l,010 11 acres; $r'Jfi92 80
cash nceivod; Olymiiia, total, all cntrioi
iJi;i,o u. acres; ;J7S,72110 cash re
ceived. liy tho aliovo it will bo teen that tho
Olympia In ml oflico has dono as much
business a" all the otehr offices In tho
territory combined. Whilo not as much
land has been disposed of thoro as in all
of thoso offices, yet tho cash received
amounted to over $100,000 more than
nil combined. Since tho lat of Juno the
biuineshuajujcn very hrgc, and will
no doubt swell the rtcelnte this vear lit
a round million of dollars in tho territory.
1
111
'