WILLAMKTTK KMtMKK PORTLAND, ORFXON, JUNE 22, 1883.
ttTth.
Diseases of Llvo Stock
Like in tlio human race, epidemics
among livestock are frequent and des
tructive. They conic nobody know s how
or whence, mid p.issawuy nobody can tell
why. History rccoids so m.my of these,
and we all remember enough of them that
it is useless to dilate upon them. This
being so, it it hardly to be expected that
bcasU will escape similar visitations. Yet
some people seem to expect this, for when
nn epidemic breaks out among the beasts
of the field it produces about as much
commotion in tho community as the
prevalence of cholera amony bipeds.
Every sort of lcsource is had to counteract
it. County conventions aie held ; legis
latures appoint commissioners to investi
gate the distemper and find out a remedy
or preentie; impracticable laws are
demanded, and the whole agricultural
community elFercsces as to what is to be
done for their Kifety. Suddenly the epi
demic vanishes ; the discus-ion as to the
causes which produced it, filling newspa
pers and jfrkxlicils with a mass of specu
lation which not one person in a hundred
ever reads, as suddenly comes to an end.
All seem to wnhtoiet bygones bo by
gones and (hop, nein con, the all-absorl-ing
question.
In the common course of things we
must expect to bo visited by these epi
demics. Horses, cattle, sheep and swine,
according to their nature, will get sicknnd
die, entailing a loss which those who own
beasts must submit to ; and when an epi
demic assails them it is useless to discuss
whether it came from abroad or is indig
ino.s, or where it originally appeared.
The first consideration should Ihj to study
its diagnosis and supply a remedy. It
must Iks lemembered that there are losses
and misfortunes in every business. Un
toward circumstances cannot always be
avoided or contiollcd. Goimantown Tel
egraph. Sheep Between Bay and Grass
The month of April is often a trying
period for the flotk. Sheep are extremely
fond of green food, and, if allowed, will
search far ami near for tufts ot grass
that ha o remained through the winter,
or for greon shoots just starting. The
amount of food that they get in this way
is hardly more thn enough to compen
sate for this extra labor in tra eling. This
running oer fields should be restricted
to a shoit time each day,-for having lost
their substantial food they are likely to
become weak and injured from this
change from winter to spring food.
This peiiod is well known, under the old
system of permitting sheep to shift for
themselves, a the most perilous of the
year. The stamina of the system soon
becomes so reduced that exposure to a
slight stoim ends them in a few hours.
The careful shepherd will therefore pio
vide against exposure to storms and re
duction of food during April and a por
tion of May, if the season is backward.
There is no portion of the je.ir when
sheep need a binall giain ration and a
lock of hay th m between hay and grass.
It hasicome to be coiiaidcicd the period of
greatest risk by fiockmusters ; but if sheep
have been well kept through the winter
and they reach spring in good, strong,
healthy condition, why should there bo
so great a ri-k after tho mild season be
gins? There is" no sound reason, except
the fact that as soon as sheep go to tho
fields tho winter feed is neaily omitted,
whereas they should bo fed steadily till
tho grass furnishes sufficient food for
'them to thrive upon. National" Live
Stock Journal.
Artichokes for Figs.
An English authority states as follows :
Tho artichoke is a fit subject for field
culture, and will yield a surprising pro
duco of tubers in eiy poor land. There
are in most farms corners which would
otherwise be waste land, which might be
devoted to its cultivation with advantage.
The tulerB may Iks planted in early spring
in any land which has been plowed or
dug and manured. They may be dibbled
in rows three feet apait and eighteen
inches from each other in tho rows. A
great mass of sjlems como from tho tubers,
and in France and Germany they are
repeatedly cut down for iii-e when joung
as fodder." Tho tubers being dug up may
bo stored in pits as potatoes are. From
three to eight tons may lie grown per
acre, and fed, either raw or boiled, to pigs.
While the general cultivation of this
plant or the tubers may not bo desirablo
in somo localities and under some circum
stances, it would proo, says an Eastern
exchange, a valuable addition to the crops
that are now grown as food for hogs. The
plant is cry hardy, and produces fair
crops on ordinary soil.
Bos History.
Tho first mention made of swine was
in the eleventh chapter and seventh
verso of tho book of Leviticus, although it
is moro than prolwblo tli.it tho "grunter"
was in existence long before that time. At
that jieriod ho vyas in very' hard luck, and
many of our most prosperous merchants
and wealthiest litUbn would, had they
"lived in that day, lecn compelled to seek
other avocations than pork packing or
provision speculation. Tho very preface
to thejibtory of the, raco .was, an (injunc
tion agai'ns Ids Use as an article for food
'And tho swine, though he divide tho
hoof and tho cloven footed, yet he chew
eth not the cud ; he is unclean to you. Of
their flesh shall je not eat, and their car
cass hall ve not touch ; thev are unclean
to ye."
There is a much better market for pork
at this day than there was then, and this
may be made the basis for the statement
that the hog bears acquaintanceship. His
ways are truly not our wajs, nor are his
manners especially commendatory, but a
savory dish of roast pork and apple sauce
serves to effectually remove any prejudice
on account thereof. The Greeks held tho
hog in high veneration, and when Ceres,
the goddess of the harvest, needed a little
appeasing, in ordertoinducca fuller har
vest, a sacrifico of roast pork seemed to
exert a favorable influence. Tho abor
igines of this country were entirely unac
quainted wi li his nork'ship, and not until
1538 did tho first impo tation reach our
shores. Columbus in all probability in
troduced the first swine into Ilayti in
1492, and Desoto in Florida in 1538, and
Virginia in 1C09. Their breeding proper
ties were so great that in 1C27 the lwoplc
of Jamestown were obliged to build a pal
isade in order to keep them out. Many
different breeds have leen imported, and
many of tho very best breeds have origin
ated in our own country. Tho breeding
of swine is universally recognied as one
of our most profitable industries ; and the
hog is a source of great levenue to the
commercial world and the government.
Veterinary Journal.
How to Buy a Horse
An old horseman says : If you want to
buy a horse, don't believe your own
brother. Take no man's word for it.
Your eye is your market. Don't buy a
horse in harness. Unhitch him and take
everything offbut his halter and lead him
around. If he has a corn, or is stiff, or has
anv other failing you can see it. Let him
go by himself a short distance, and if he
staves right into anything you may know
he is blind. No matter how clear and
bright his eyes are ho can't see any more
than a bat. Back him, too. Somo horses
show their weakness at tricks in that way
when they don t in any other. But bo as
smart as you may you will get caught
sometimes. Even an expert gets stuck.
A horse may look ever so nice and go a
great pace, and yet have fits. There isn't
a man could know it until something
happens; or he may have a weak hack.
Givo him tho whip and off he goes for a
mile or two, then, all of a sudden, he
stops in tho road. After a rest he staits
again, but he soon stops for good, and
nothing hut a derrick could get him to
move.
Wool vs Mutton.
As population increases among us, and
with it a greater relish for mutton, which
is a much healthier meat than pork, it
will perhaps become here, as it is asserted
to bo now the case in England, that a rise
of one cent, a pound in the price of mut
ton is equivalent to twelve cents in that
of wool. Wo suppose this calculation is
made upon the basis that a sheep which
produces seven pounds of wool, w ill net,
dressed, at least one hundred pounds of
mutton, Thus twelve cents a pound rise
in the fleece would bo a gain of eighty
four cents, while one cent a pound in
crease on the carcass would amount to a
hundred cents, which is sixteen cents
greater gain than the former. This more
than proves the assertion whicrt, on first
consideiation, might strike one as absurd
and extravagant. English fiockmusters
have for a long time past maintained that
mutton was tho first, and wool only a
secondaiy consideration with them j and
this is why they have been so particular
to breed such sheep as produced the best
of flesh, rather than a fine quality of wool
like the Merino for example. National
Live Stock Journal.
True Economy with Stock
Many farmers act ujion the principle
that the cheapest way they can skin
through the season with tlieir stock is tho
best; that tho smallest amount of
feed with which they can get the work out
of their teams is tho cheapest ; that tho
smallest expenso with which they can
shelter their stock is tho most profitable.
Now those who are wiser know this is a
wretched mistake. They know that teams
well fed on plenty of good food will do
more work and liettcr than poorly fed
teams, and that abundance of substantial
food is the best economy; they know that
abundance of nutritious food given to all
milch cows is always the best economy ;
they will obtain more milk and letter.
They know that proper food given
to
sheep will secure heavier fleeces, better
texture of wool and more healthy ani
mals. They know also that gornl shelter,
niopcr food and tender care will secure
moro and stronger lambs, and that this
treatment is invariably the better practice
and highest economy is the most profit
able. It costs about as much feed to keep
an animal waim and in life during cold
months or cold snaps without any grain,
if they are not comfortably sheltered, as
it does to make large gain and grow th
when they are kept warm and comfort
able, and this, whether for milk, fleece or
flesh, is true. Fanning World
fonsanipilon Cured.
An old physitun, retired from practice,
having had pUced in his anils y an East In
ilia misnui ay ttit- formula of a simple vegeta
ble remedy for the speedy aud permanent
curs for Consumption, Bronchitis, Catarrh,
Asthma anil a 1 Throat ami Lung affections,
also a po.itive anil radical cure for Nervoiu
Debility and all Nervous CoinplsinU, after
bating tested iU wonderful curative nowem
in thousaud of cases, has felt it his duty to
make it known to bis amTenng felfuws.
Actuated by this motive and a desire to relieve
Mulftring. I uill send free of charge to all who
desire it, this recipe, in German, French or
English, with full directions (or preparingand
using. Sent by mail by addressing with
lit imp, naming this paper, W. A. Novrs, 14
I'pwet'a lHtlc.
Indijesti n lyspep.ii, heart burn, nausea,
tU., cured by using li.'Own's Iron Bitters.
dltfiiHrii.
To Exterminate Llco.
A correspondent of the Countiy Gcn
gcntleman writing upon the subject of
lice gives the follow ing common remedies :
The more common i-emcdies recom
mended forrelievingcattle and stock from
lice, are moie or loss dangerous to life or
health, and must Iks used with extreme
care. An unfailing remedy which may
be used by any one w ithout danger to life
or limb would be a boom to many far
mers. Such a remedy we have in the beo
laikspur of our flower gardens. A strong
tea made from tho seeds or foliage of the
plant can bo used as a wash, cither gieen
or dried. The plant should be gatheied
before it is frosted, and cured anil preser
ved as other herbs are. In the use of ker
osene, niMcuiial ointment, tobacco, etc.,
great care mut Iks used or injury results
from absorption. Even if no other injury
results, it enters tho limbs or other parts
of tlicanim.il and is often a permanent in
jury. No such danger need be appre
hended in the uso of larkspur.
All the parts wheie the vermin lodge
should lx) well scrubbed with the wash,
and if thoroughly done in a p'eaant,
mild day, one application is sufficient. In
former days when school children weie
troubled, 1 have heard old people tell tlieir
experience in using this remedy to tlieir
complete satisfaction. Another equally
harmless remedy is aloes in fine powder,
which may be used dry by filling a com
mon pepper box with the powder and
sprinkling it freely in the hair, on the
neck, back, sides and rump of the ani
mal. Rub it thoroughly through the
hair and on tho skin with the ends of the
fingers. Leave the animal undistiubed
for a week, then caid thoroughly, and ap
ply as beforo. Continuo this at intervals
of a week, till not a living pir.iite is left.
Usually two applications, if thoroughly
made is sufficient.
The Secret ot Raisin Turkeys
One of our most successful breeders le
marks upon this point: One great secret
of raising turkeys is to take cue, and
take care all summer ; and oven then you
cannot always raise them, for sometimes
they will not lay or they will not hatch,
or something will befall them. Some
times wo laise turkejs without much care,
when the season is specially favorable, but
generally the measure of cue is the meas
ure of success. A boy ten or twelve yeais
old, with a little direction from his father,
can easily take care of 200 young turke.vs,
and he cannot earn so much money on
the farm in any other way. It is an old
maxim that if a thing is worth doing it is
w 01 th doing well. Somo may think this
constant caie is too much trouble to laise
tmkeys. This is a free country, and jou
can omit any part (or the whole) of these
suggestions. If you know a better course,
by all means pursue it. This p.untaL'mg
has make turkey laisiug about as sure as
any other branch of farming industry. I
have Usually kept from eight to eleven hen
tin keys for breeders, and have iaied from
ninely-ouo to 137 in a summer. In 180S
I sold my tuikeys for twenty-seven cents
a pound, and they amounted to $180.10.
In 18G9 I sold for twenty-five and twenty-
seven cents a pound ; gross amount of
sales, $308.18. That car I kept an ac
count of expenses! and calculated the net
profit at twenty-fivo cents a pound;
iniountof sales $3U.:S2. In 1871 I sold
for eighteen cents a ixiund ; giossumount
of sales, 1280.13 I would rathei raise
tuikeys and sell at fifteen cents a pound
than to raise pork and sell at ten cents a
jwund Connecticut Com Countiy Gen
tleman. A Sure Cure for Poultry Lice
Lice aro tho great pest of tho poultiy
house. Hens left to r.ingo about tho farm
or garden will keep clean by wallowing
in the dry dust. But for a good part of
the year the villageis have to keep tlieir
hens in confinement, and very soon, with
out constant watchfulness, lice appear
and if the poultry house is near tho barn,
or within it, tho vermin spread to the cow
aud horse stables, and mako trouble there.
White-washing, if it were attended to
every month, would be effectual, if tho
wash penetrated all the cracks. But this
involves a great deal of lalxjr, and it is
difficult to reach all tho crevices. There
is the same objection to sulphur anil to
bacco smoke. A few of the lico are gen
erally left for seed after every smoking
Tho liest remedy wo have ever applied is
nude petroleum, or if more convenient,
the common kerosene-oil used for lamps.
This is always at hand, and a few minutes
labor with tho oil-can will route tho en
emy. Generally one application is enough
to destroy them. Wo apply it directly to
tho perches, pouring a eontinuous stream
from the sM)iit. The hens get this oil
ujkjii their feet and legs, and it is rubbed
over tho withers. It is penetrating, and
the odor seems to Ixs very offensive to the
insects. We have no lousy hens sincotho
application of thisreinedy. Ex.
Lettuce for Chickens.
All kinds of stock like green food, and
it is csjiecially desirablo for joung poul
try. Where tho fowls have plenty of range
it is no trouble to have them supplied in
that direction, but there aro breeders who
have little room und keep several varieties,
who aro comiielled to keen tlieir birds
yarded all through tho breeding season,
and all joultr men know how soon tho
fowls will clear up every vestago of grass
in tlieir yards. To keep them supplied
with fresh sod is a good thing, hut either
xieccsi-itjtee uoing somo distance for the
daily supply, or soon disfigures a plot of
ground by taking so much sod from it
JUUdUlg t;umja;uuriii.iii w uitiiuiuk, iiui
it takes some time to get it. Tho quickest
growing thing to raise is lettuce. In very
early spring a small hotbed will start
enough to last until tho sowings in the
oxsn ground have grown large enough to
feed. Small beds can be sown, and if a
gcol growth is kept up at fust, the bed
will last quite a while as tho tops can Iks
cut off as wanted for the poultry, the
roots being left in the ground to sprout
more leaves and tops which they soon do
if cared for.
American and English Birds
I could well understand, says John
Burroughs, after being in England a few
days, why to English travelers our
songsters seem inferior to their own. They
are much less loud and vociferous, less
abundant and familiar ; one needs to woo
them more ; they aro less recently out of
the wilderness ; their songs have the deli
cacy and wildnessof most woodscy forms,
and arc as plaintivo as tho whistle of the
wind. They are not so happy a race as
the English songsters, as if life had more
trials for them, as doubtless it has in their
enforced migrations and in the severer
climate with which they have to contend.
When one hears the European cuckoo In
regrets that he has ever heard a cuckoo
clock. The clock has stolen tho bird's
thunder ; and when you hear the rightful
owner the note has a second-hand, aiti
ficial sound. It is only another cuckoo
clock off there on the hill or in the grove.
Yet it is a cheerful call, with none of the
solitary and monkish character of our
cuckoo's note; and as it conies early in
spring. I can seo how much it must mean
to native cars.
Casks and Barrels of Steel.
A Wolverhampton, Eng., firm have
turned their attention to tho manufacture
of casks and barrels of steel. The two
edges of the sheet steel which form the
cask are In .ued together in such a man
ner as to justify the title of "seamless,"
which the patentees have applied to these
pioduttions. The head of the barrel is
also riveted to the body, so as to leave no
seam, and, tho end rims ate shrunk on
hot, thus making a very solid end, while,
at the same time, the i mis aro thick enough
to give a good purchase to the giappling
hooks of hoists and cranes, lor loading
and unloading purposes. The bush foi
the tap does not project beyond tho rim,
so that tho nozzle- is not liable to be
knocked out and injured. Tho casks aie
more durable than wood, less bulky and
lighter an eighteen gallon steel cask
weighing some ten pounds less a notun
inipoitant consideration as regaids tian
it. In point of shape, the steel barrel is
exactly that of a well-formed wooden one,
the bulge of tho belly allowing of its
being easily rolled along, and better man
aged by one man than drums can be by
two.
Women aro rigidly excluded from St.
Malo, a place fifty miles from New
Orleans, inhabited by about a hundred
Malays. They have lived there foity
years, having originally deserted fiom
Fiench ships while little more than bo.vs
They are dcscrilied as low, ignorant and
ferocious, with mixed Chineso and Japa
nese features, They live by fishing, and
gambling among themselves is about theii
only diveision. Tlieir first leader had a
wife, and the story goes that, in conse
quence of the jealousies which her pres
ence aroused, she was deliberately put out
of the way and vow taken never to per
mit another of her sex in tho colony.
A well-to do farmer lost a very fine
filly from his pasture lot, and after several
days' search found it snugly tied in a log
barn of a distant neighbor of doubtful lo
pute. Tho neighbor was indicted, tried
and found guilty of larceny ; when the
Judgo asked what he had to say why sen
tence should not bo passed, ho put it in a
plea that the animal was only taken for a
joke. Tho Judgo inquired how far his
barn was from the pasture lot, to which
ho replied, "about five miles." "Well,"
said tho Judge, "that is carrying a joke
too far; haul l.ilior in tho penitentiary
for seven jems."
ltingbono is quite a common defect in
horses, and is often needlessly produced.
A veterinary authority says of it The
great majority of ringtioncs in joung
horses como from the failure to shorten
theii toes. To this may bo added that
ringbone is apt to be foimul if colts nic
peunitted to stand on a plank floor, or
anywhere elo where the footing is hard,
during tho first eighteen months of their
age. Whether in stable or yanl during
this jieriod, let them h.tvooarth for stand
ing or walking, fiee from stone or other
gravel.
An Englishman shooting small game
in Germany s.iid to his host that there
was a spice of danger in shooting in
America. "Ah," said tho hot, "jou like
danger mil jour sort, then jou go out
shooting mil me. Tho last time I shoot
mv briiiler-in-Iaw in tho sclitomack,"
A well-known I'resbv terian cleigyman
of one of the lower Delaware counties,
somewhat famous as a wit, was ap
proaches! by a Baptist clergyman with
tho question "Well, brother, we're going
to have a new 10.1 for our church. What
sort would jou recommend?" There was
a twinkle Ix.himl tho I'n shy terian par
son's glasses, and ho answered promptly
"By all means a diving lell "
The wie farmer will keep a good class
of horsed or none There aro cases in
which circtimstameH may interfere some
what, but tho man who tries to run a
farm and get the litTt results bj gi tting
along with old plugs of horses eirtninly
stands in his own light. The character
of his limo is generally a pretty good in
dication of the character of the owner.
"iconsjb ts Kills."
Cleats out rtN, mlc., rcucijef, file. ani, led.bu.ft
skunk, ehipmunln, (ropheri. JJe. Viuulnli.
GEO. A. MOORE, President.
Pacific Mutual Life Ins. Co'y
OF CALIFORNIA.
A NcKINNIE Manager for Northwest Department.
OFFICE WITH PORTLAND SAVINGS BANK.
Incorporated Under the Laws of Cnlitbrnin, ami Is today the
Strongest Life Insurance Co. in Amcr ca.
REKFKnKXCEs TO MEN IN I'OKTLANlJ WHO HAVE flO.000 SURANCE EACH IN THIS
Company :
J. A. STl'.OWBHinOF,
I C. HKNIllrltsKN,
JAMES STLEL.
U A linLI'II,
J. K. GILL,
J. E A. KLOSTEKVtAN,
Col J. McCKAKhN,
W W. MnULDINQ.
P. t. WILLIS,
F. ZANOV ICII,
Portland Carriage Factory.
Between Front and First Street, on Yamhill, Portland.
OT. OT. ESFE"?,
IS jlETTER PREPARED THAN EVER BEFORE AND OrENS THE SPRING SEASON OF 188J FULL!
equipped with the best skilled labor procurable at the Eut and the best material found in the world, to
manufacture every tiling in the line of
Buggies, Carriages, Pheatons, Webfoot Dog Carts, Light
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Dexter Wajonn, Side Spar anJ White Chapel Waono, Sprlnfr and Thorouuhbraco mail wagons, the Esper Haok
Truck, Draj a and Deliver)' Wagons, Hotel W((ons, etc . built of tho best Eautern material. Unrest and bst
faiilltira of any shop on the raclflc Coast and guarantee every article of our work, and prices that cannot be
competitors and be contlmed
to m kiij ucii-r iiu uiiu.iaciurcr. nnwwinei(r
W.
E.tabli.hed
G. Shindler & Co.,
FURNITURE & CARPET DEALERS.
1WI AMI 1CU URsT, AND 107 AND 1C0 FRONT STREETS. : TORTLAND, OlttCON.
csBsrR-fartgjiivsy
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FOR FIFTEEN YEARS
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is but a sample of contemplated improvements impiovemonfa
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And these clubs MUST begotten up by our friends for we can
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acknowledged success, as well as correct authority ou matters
peitaininr to the Agriculture of Oregon and Washington.
Jt contains each week articles on such subjects as
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rtirSample Copy Sent Free to any address.
Address: WILLAMETTE FARMER PUB. CO.,
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JMndfOf sMBB
Catalogue B
ATI AOEN
M I LMO WORKS
INDIANAPOUf. IND., U. B. A.
sujionoTuiuM or
I STEAM ENGINES
njtraHBu
ID
CARRY ENGINES and BOILERS IN STOCK for IMMEDIATE DELIVERY
i. N. PATTON, Secretary.
M. S. I1URRKLL,
C. M. VVHIK.KO,
1)R. OhO E NOTTAOB,
ANDREW U011KIJT8,
J. V. 51BKINNOY,
JUS. 11UKKIIARDT,
M ZANOVICH.
sp80m3
W. K8PEV, Box S3S, FortlniMl. OrrRon.
anyimnf? y ou want, ana compare with any of my
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MiHurAcroasa, luroRtsa mo joibss or
FURNITURE,
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Stoim Factory Water Street, between Mostg-omorj
and Harrison.
Street Warehouse 188 and 186 First and
184 Second Streets
rilKTLAMt, OKKUO .
sep9 tf
in 1857.
Aro thoroughly prepared to furnish throughout al
short notice.
Hotels, Boarding Houses, Private
Residences & Steamboats.
....AT SUCH....
LOW PRICES
As were nover before offered.
Dining Koom Tnl. from M llnwrd.
I'rmmnrr Heln, from t.lO I'nwnrfl.
riirlor Hma. frnm t.VO I'pHnrtls
THE HOUSEHOLD TRKASURE.
Ladles must see It to be spprei luted. Call for It.
prcilM
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BOILERS.
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iron.. s 1 1 1 1 tmjmm