WILLAMETTE FARMER: PORTLAND, OREGON, JUNE 15, 1883.
6
fMfrj?-
Chicken Raising toy Wholesale.
There in a limn ocrin Illinois "t f"r
f i om Bt. Loui'?, vlio is now w) cxtcii
fl'ucly cngni;cl i" tlio production of cliick-
cih by nrtificinl iinans that ho threatens
torovoliitioniotlic wliolo chicken trade.
At fimt Bight of the premises you arc led
to bc1ioo it is a Jlor.il citiihlHinient, from
the nunibcr of tnteiwixc buildings with
glacd mi1i roofs iiilile, but on iipnior
approach 11 io illusion i" dispelled, for
neither pl.int nor flower can be diseov
cie.il. Two huge imubatoiH with a cnp.io
ityof turning out 1,500 chickens daily,
arc nmiiing steadily to the satisfaction of
tho nianager. The scarcity of fresh eggs
lias somewhat retarded his progress, lx
iugscnicer than iisu.il this season.
Aflei he has covered another acre with
suitable stiuctuies foi his mowing opera
tionsto which let im add tho aluable
cxK)rience ari-ing in the meantime he
will bo in a position to bring disaster on
the whole chicken industiy. lie has now
over 1,000 chicl s pietty well grown,
aliout ready to be tinned out doors
thrown on theii own lesourtes, no to
speak and a gieat many are passing
through tho nursing process forced to
find a cooler building and less exponsic
atmosphere as they becamoable tocnduie
it. When this gentleman oegan oieni
tinim l.isL Noember he wisely looked
ahead to find apiofitiiblc maiket for his
flop. Ho found n man in this city who
ronliacted to take all the chickens lie
eonld furnish unionist of April at $(! a
dozen, ljiter ho had a better oiler, but
nniilil imt. of course, entci tain it. This
sort of woik will bring dismay to the
lieiirt nf tlm neinL'(! chicken laiser, and
all his crushed and apalled competitMis
liao to do is fo cherish the hopo that in a
few years he will abandon the husiness
and go to buying lailnmds.
Bow to Make Hens Lay.
Acoricspondentof the American Culti
vator, having occasion iccently to isii a
fiiend in Northern New llainpshiie,who
has tho reputation of making monoy
through keeping hens, found his method
of operation dining the winter season
somewhat as follows . The henhouse
was in tho basement of a workshop build
ing, with windows facing the south. The
HI7U of tho rooms wheio the hens weie
kept was about foiiileen feet by twenty.
The fowls weio of the lliown Leghorn
viuiety, and numbeied about sixty bitds.
Although the loom seemed small, con
sidering the number of fowls, yet, by
good ventilation, it answered its purpose
well. As I enteied the loom the odor of
tho onion altiacted my attention. "Do
you givo onions to your hens?" I asked.
"Yes. Onions make a good gieen food
for hens dining the winter. As I Inula
quantity on hand, unlit for maiket, 1 am
feeding'lhem out in this way Io good ad
vantage." "How do you feed your hens
dining tho winter mouths?" "In tho
morning 1 give them a dough made of
In an and boiled potatoes At iitteivals of
two or tlucoda.vs I put cayenne pepper
with this nihluic. At noon I fiedsucli
scraps as aio left at my table, with baked
potatoes. In the evening I give them
about two ipiailsof whole coin, believing
that this gniin icmains longer in theemp
than any othei Twice a week I feed
them meal I 1 m cheap multon, chop
ping up bones and all befoio feeding.
hvei.v day 1 iiiimsh a supply of pine
waun water, also Keeping hcloro mem in
all tipies a pan of giouiid ovstei shells,"
"Do join hens pay joli a good profit V
"Most eeilainlj The net piolit liom my
hens iiioio than piv oiu gtocery bills.
Theieis no guess woik about Ibis state
ment, us 1 keep an exact account, show
ing the debits and cudits in detail"
Nest and Sitting Hens
Kperiemo teaches us it is a good plan,
no iiinltnr what size of fowl jou propaio
tho nest foi, the safest and clcnest spot
in which to deposit eggs, mid which
ullouls the suiest pieveutivo against the
liens editing their eggs oi those under the
uilteis, and the safest pi ice fiom distuib
unices issomewheie in thodaik or in the
d.iikest ami most stchidcd put of the
hatching loom oi hen house
liens should not be ih-tiubcd iinnceo.s.
sanlv dining hatching Sv (hat they
come oil' onco a d iv foi feeding, thinking
snd dusting M.iiij tunes an egg gets
broken liv the mucin oi Iiv other liens
tijiug to lay in the nest If, le, accident
in othoiwiso, il must Ini taken out and the
eggs lh it have become smeared washed
in tepid water and icturncd at ouco to
the nest If the ne.sl is soiled fnish,
biuised straw should at once be put in
l.iio audeverjlluug made us Miug.cleau
and eouifoi table as befoio, without fnglit
euuig tho sittei
Do not allow the lav nig hens iicecsa to
the nest if possible, hut if j ou have not a
liatehiug pi ice seeuiv oi awiij froui in
Uuders, pi ice a wnvu or latticed door in
front to keep out (1om that have no busi
ness there, and maik the eggs all around
Uie middle with light streaks o( ink or
ix mil marks, iimlv on can easilj detect a
IivbIi one laid bv an intruder. All nests
made uou the Uiru ground should have
damp sod oi loou earth at the IhHIodi.
This diimpueivs is boiictU-ml, as it Mippliiw
Uie inoistuio the eggs iom (lining the pro
eos.s of hatching and the shells are more
iNwih broken bv the confined cluck.
Why Ul Do Not Hutch.
Although ovcrv possible piw.illtiou is
omutuues taken to make a bitting hen a
comfortable as possible, the eggs often fail
to hatch The dilliciilties are of a ohaniu
lor that cannot In? dix-oveiwl, but much
depends on the conditions regarding tho
mnnnwmpnt of tho lavitlC hens. If a
hen is cry fat she will lay but few eggs,
and the eggs from such a hen will often
fail to hatch. When cocks are allowed to
range with too many hens thoitality ot
the chicks is lessened, and they die in the
shell. Fowls that are fed under the forc
ing process produce weak oflVpriiit.', and
those that have been bred in-and-in are
not to be relied on tt give good hatches or
produce healthy chicks. Tho hen that
sh als her nest is generally successful, but
why thisis so has been a puzlo not only
to farmers, but to scientific men as well.
One thing we know is th it her eggs arc
never disturbed, and they me surrounded
only by the pure and unioiitaininated at
mosphere. When we place eggs unuer a
hen we know nothing of them, as a rule,
and K they contain lei ine germs it is oiny
a matter of guess with us in selecting the
best, but the hidden liens eggs are always
hnpiegiiatod. The nests should lw se
cluded and in a place that will bo secuie
from the appionch or intiusion of man or
fowl, with the stiiroundings free fiom all
impurities or odors, and every conveni
ence airorded in the way of dusting, food
and water. We handle eggs too freely,
approach the nest too often, and dNtuih
the sitting hen when she should ie easy
anil (piiet. Theie are birds that abandon
nests after the eggs have been disturbed,
and this may partly teach us to place tho
sitting hen alone to herself, with freedom
of action, the eggs being fiom good,
strong hens.
Origin of Plymouth Bocks
The Plymouth Uoek fowls originated
on the Clarke farm in South Woodstock,
Conn , aliout seventeen jears ago, I think.
If the exact date is required I can, with
little tumble, ascertain. The fust cross was
made by (Jeorgo W. Clarke, between a
Whito Cochin cock and a Iliac k Gochin
hen. (The statement was once made that
tho hen was u Black Java, but that was
inconect.') The mcoiu! eioss was made
by Mr. Joseph Spaulding, of l'titn.tm,
Conn., between the pullets of tho firt-tand
a Dominique cock, and that made tho
"imio" l'lv mouth Koek fowls. They wen
named by Itev. Mr. liiimsdell, of Tiionii
Nin, Conn , who was a gieat hen fancier,
and puicluiHul his fowls of Air. bpauldnig.
Mr. Djer lrpham, of Thompson, aNo piu-
ehased fowlsof Mi. hpaulding, and liom
him came what is known as the I'phain
stiain. All the l'lj mouth Kocks weie
stinted fiom those two crosses made by
Ceo. W. Clarke and .1. Spaulding.
Lice on Poultry.
Plcaso let mo know how best to keep
vol mill fiom hen houses and hen roosts.
Answer. Thoiouglily cleanse tho house.
Then make a copious application of kero
sene and sulphur. Then whitewash with
verj-stiong whitevvish Dx.
Every one has noticed how frequently
tho robin (hops down fiom tho hunches
of tices to the giouiid dining his visits to
the funnel's fields mid guldens in oiu lat
itude. This he does in search of insects
which infest the caith and come to the
siufaee, especially the cut woini, which
ho feeds upon and consumes liteially mill
titudis of them. Tho lobin, therefore, is
the farmeis' fiieml, and should bo kindly
tieated at least. So also our little jellow
hiid.bo niiieli seen in the orchaids. He
visits them in seaieh of canker vvoiins,
which foi in a laigopoition of his food, and
thus saves oiu apples, in a income, liom
these posts.
The Oregon Southern In Maine.
Tho follow ing is from tho linrrituii Sentinel
nf March 'J'.', n rmiHr pulilislml at Itatli,
Maine:
J. M Mi rill, K., of San I'Vaucieci, Cal
ifornia, una hero estenlay and nut a number
tit out loading citizens at tho olhco of CapUm
P. M. Whitman-, in tho interest of the
Oityon Southern ltailway and Transpnrtatieri
Ciiniiiny, with a view to disposing of bonds
nf thu cuiurauy. This company is forintd
for npiuing up tho whito coibir countty in
Snut lorn UroL'ua and thu rich coal mint's near
Cos Uiy, Tho oipital of tho company is
pliccil at $3,00,000, and its 0 per cmt.
iiouili aro ollcunl at $S0 Thu road H to ho
nino'v mills in length, from Coos Hay to
Itusulmig, hvsiilcs some four milis fiom tho
lay to tho coal fields, and will cost
Si 000,000. With coal strainers to run bo
twetm Tons 11 ly and Sin Kiaucisco ooal slnp
nienU will lu ouo thud nearer to San Krau
cist. o than Irom ruiivt aouml, the piesuit
sourer of supply. 11 ith capitalists look with
lavor upon tlic sciiiiuo aim win douutios in.
vest in it.
What will interest our cituens st largo is
thu fiet that the cniniuuy has neailv coin
pletid acntract with tlio liosa Murine Iron
Works In this city for building two steauura
of n' out l.'.'OO t ms uic-h. tho hulls to ho built
liy (,oa. .Sicr .v Co., aim work will I
eoium need on thu machinery as soon as tho
works are lu opt radon.
Prlnevllle, Crook County
Prom present indications it npptars that
the immigration to tlii coast tho coming sum
mer will lie the greatest evtr kuowu, and tho
class of people now immigrating westward aio
rutin r better oiVand aro more prosperous than
those who have coiuo before. Already they
no arnv ug III Portland and The Dalles, and
Mill soon bo prospecting the country for do
Kirablo localities to make homes. Crook,
Waaco and (.limit counties probably oiler as
many ludiiccnu uts to new comers as any of
tho counties in the Stte, and our wainlpring
friends should at least see them before pr.
liuumtly loojtlug. Oar c'tmste is healthful,
flours comparatively mini, sou productive
tud easilv cultivated, ttrices for all farm tiro.
iluoe good, the demand alwajs being greater
i linn the supply, aim mere is not another
place in the Northwest where a living is more
uasdy undo than in Kistcru Oregon. We do
tot ask these iu search of homes to take for
rauttd all the) hear retarding our couutry,
mt unite tin in to come ami becomiuced of
its merits. l'nnillf AVirs.
Mr, A, 11. Uarrisou has found live Ue trees
his spring near Hillsboro. He intends to let
them stauil until June when he will take the
lotiey and capture the twva, Tho lwill
'uo some fuu about that time as well as Uai
isvu.
Sfjte jfiairii.
Butter Records of Jersey Cows.
The Jcrsej- and Guernsey cows natur
ally give milk of tho richest quality, and
the product in butter is not only large,
but in tcxturo and flavor far superior to
that from any other breed. Tho prices
paid for bulls a d heifers within the past
two or three vcars have been verj large,
not because the cowc are better than be
fore, but because the eagerness e inccd by
buyers to procure certain strains has
given an upward tendency to all.
Jeiseys are divided by reputation into
seveial families of excellent animals;
but, although such distinction is made, it
is due to individual admiration of thodes-
eendents of such noted animals as
Countess, Alphea, I'ansey, Coomassie and
other". So close has been the breeding of
Jersej s that ncariy all of them are related
to each other ; and so eager are breeders
to infuse blood of certain strains into
their herds that they breed indicrimi'
natelvbo far as relationship is concerned,
it being nothing uncommon for a bull to
bo the sire of a calf, tho sire of its dam,
and sometimes of its giandam also The
breeding together of brother and sister
seems to evoke no opposition whatever.
and while the system of breeding prac
ticed has no doubt tended to fix tho qual
ities of the several families, and thereby
enable them more firmly tiansmit such to
their oll-pnng, jet it cannot be denied
that the time will arrive when tho injuri
ous ell'ei ts of such close inbreeding will
be manifested in the weiikcni'd constitu
tions and lack of huidiness.
So far as the butter tests are concerned
much deejK'iids upon the system of feed
ing. It the best cow of all was merely
valued for that which she would produce
m butter, she would fall far below tho
prices paid, but her value extends in
another diiection. She is tho result of a
selection, and is made tho foundation on
which to build still a higher grade of ani
mals, her value then being bej'ond estima
tion The oidinary farmer is liable to
fiiihue in attempting to reach tho high
rciords attained by eminent Jerov cows,
for the tests are only made under the
most favorablo conditions, but tho fanner
can make a veiy decided impiovement in
his herd of cows with the use of bulls of
this bieed, even with those that sell for
low figuies.
The best buttei iccords mo those of
Jersey Hell, of Scituate(Coun ess family)
which produced 2.") pounds and 3 ounces
in one week; Alphea, 24 pounds 8
ounces; Value (Pansy fiunilv), 21 pounds
1 ounces; Mnllic (!ai field, 22 pounds 12
ounces; Iloniba, 21 pounds l ounces;
and Kiuotas, 22 pounds 7 ounces. Euro
tas gave 88 pounds in thirtv-ono tlnys,
and in one year her yield was 778 pounds
Theie are many other cows that have
made records all the way fiom 10 pounds
up to 20, and biicli yields aro no longer
eonsideicd etiaordiiiary. The resiiltsare
evidences of what careful breeding will
do, and say what we may against the in
judicious svstem of in-breeding Which has
been pi.ictice , it cannot be denied that
improvement hasnioio thanovoibalanccd
the mistakes.
The Jei-ej's tue small, delicate, dcer
liko cows, with soft, velvetyskin and well
defined escutcheons. They inatuie c.uly
and come in profit when they aro two
years old. They ate not adapted for beef
piodiictinu, nor do they piccnt a full,
loundappeaiiiiiee, but for tho special pur
iMises to which they aie intended have no
equal.
Development of Mllklnz Capacity.
Faimeis often hesitate whether to have
their heifeis come in at two or at tluee
ve.usold. The pui pose held in view in
laising them may decide this question.
If the object is to mako the best possible
milking animals, it will bo better to have
them come in at two jearsold. If the
piuposo to mako beef animals as well as
milkers, then it would bo pieferable to
have them to come in at tluee j ears old,
or even later. The development of deep
milking capaeit j is an aitilicial acquire
ment, so to speak. It is thoiesult laigelj
of tunning It is aNo aided bv feed and
bleeding Manipulations of the udder,
us iu hand milking aro the foundation or
stinting point for tho veiy wonderful
milking capacity of the domestic tow
lu a wild state, the cow, like the
buUalo, give-s only milk enough to sus
tain her voting, and that only for a few
months. Jfo cxti.iordiimrj productions
of milk ever occurin wild minimis though
they aiv as well fed and as healthful and
vigorous as iu a domestic state. The
cattle which have U-cn turned out on the
plains of Texas, where they have an
abundance of food the jear round, have
then milking qualities run down to a low
standard iu a few generations; showing
that haiid-milkiug is as necessary to sus
taining an abnormal secretion of milk as
it is in developing it iu the first place
Cows derive their milk from the food
they consume, and large quantities of
milk can onlv result from high feeding;
but such feeding must 1h done under
standingly and at the proier time, or it
niav have an etUvt quite tho reverse of
wh it is aimed at and desired To feed a
cow high when she is not in milk that
is, that is to give her more food than
would K necessary to maintain a healthy
and vigorous condition a quantity
which would prAHlueo fattening or an ex
tmonhnarj development of llosh, tends
to chock rather than develop milk cc ra
tion National ldvo Stevk Journal.
Tns Queen's Dairy.
lViilmlily tho incvst beautiful dairy in
the world is the Queen's, at her farm at
Windsor. Driving through law lis, broken
with such oak and Kwhes as can only
be seen in an old country, the first object
seen is a verj low, small cottage, with a
broad pordh. This is the favorite resort
of the Queen a point to which she often
walks from stately Windsor to enjoy in
quiet a breakfast or lunch, and from it a
few steps lead to her (lain-, a very plain
brick building connected with the
farmer's house. The interior, hovyever,
is rcallj' enchanting. It was designee!
and built bj' Prince Albert, and failed to
suit his critical tasto until once taken
down and remodeled. It is lined with
encaustic tile, made for tho purpose ; rich
in omato designs, all having scenes in
full harmonj- with the use of the build
ing. Tho stands for milk are about ordi
nary table bight and are of wonderfullj
beautiful tiles. Each table top is a sheet
of water, bubbling and flowing over white
pebbles, and in this the porcelain pans
are set. All in all, it is one of the most
exquisite rooms in England, and Her
Majesty has alwajs taken a great interest
in the dainty place, visiting it often. A
dignified matron presides over the glitter
ing grotto, and is full of deep learning on
dairy matters. She has n fancy for
American implements, and expressed a
wish to the writer that the Queen would
"only get her a new American churn."
Salting Butter.
President Johnson, of Connecticut,
sav-s; Fresh churned butter contains a
quantity of tho milk scrum buttermilk
which it is one object of salting to re
inoue. When salt is worked into butter,
each grain of salt gradually dissolves in
the buttermilk and with draws it from
the butter, probably shrinking the bulky,
jelly-like cascino, just as salt mixed with
a jolly of soap shrinks the soap into a
small, fu m cake, and unites with the
water to make a brine. If the salt bo cry
fine, tho result is to fill the mass of butter
with a multitude of very fine drops of
brine which aro difficult to work out of
the butter. On the other hand, if the salt
be very coarse the buttermilk will gather
in largo drops, easy to workout but the
salt grains will not be entirely dissolved
and will make the butter too salt and
gritty to the taste. The proper fineness,
therefore, is that which comes just short
of occasioning tho last mimed difficulty,
so that by its use wo remove the butters
milk thoiouglily without leaving any un
pleasant surplus of salt in the butter.
Ai cording to Alexander Midler, the
grains of a good dairy salt should have
dimensions ljing foi the most part be
tween 1.2.") and 1.50 of an inch in di
ameter. Milk pans which aie not washed long
enough in boiling water have been found
to aH'ord breeding giouiid for hosts of
fungous genus, only levelled bv- the
mieiosfope, but poisoning the milk, bj- a
Fieneh Acadeniican who owns a lino
fai m in Normandy, aim it has been dom-
onstiated in the dairv of M. Ittisot that
ivo minute's complete immersion in boil
ing water dcstioys thcsooiganisms.
John Jones lives in Cleveland. While
milking he tied the cow's tail to his leg,
as the flies kept that appendage flopping.
After he was taken three times around
the covv-pastuio on his back, he re
marked : "I lecognie my mistake. I
should have tied the tail to her own leg
instead of mine."
An Internal Revenue Officer Saved.
Pkovidenck, Au;'. 21, 1882.
Editor of liodon Herald :
Dkah Sik Dunng my tirm of scrvico in
tho Internal Revenue Department of tho
United S tut is, at tho time my office was in
this city, I was aflbcto 1 with a severe attack
of Kuluey Piieise, anl at times suffered in
tensely I received tho medical advice of
soni'i of our best ph.vsicians for a long tune,
without being be .erltd by their prescrip
tions. Being discouraged by tho failure of
the doctors to help me, and being urg'd to use
Hunt's Remedy by a fiiend who had tested its
merits, although reluctant to try a patent
medicine, I was bnilly induced to try thu
Remedy, and procured two bottles oi it, and
commenced taking it faithful) according t
the directions
Before I had takon it three days the excru
ciating paina iu my back had disappeared,
and In torn I hid used two bottles I was en
tirely cured. Whenever, from over oxertion
or a violert eld, the pains in my kidneys re
turn, a few doses of Hunt's Remedy quickly
efftcts i euro.
Before closing I beg to mention tin re
il rkahle cure ot a friend of mine in New
York City, to whom I recommended this val
uable medicine. Ho was suffering severely
from an attack which was pronounced by his
physician a decided case of Bright' Disease
of thu Kiduevs. I obtained two bottles of
Hunt's Remedy for him, and he commenced
taking it, snd began to improve at once, and
wai speedily restore 1 t) health, and he attri
butes the saving of his life, under the blesi
ing of a merciful Piovideuce, to Hunt's
Remedy.
Another friend of mine in New York, to
whom I recommended Hunt's Remedy, was
suffering severely from kidney disease, and
waa entirely cured ot it after using this won
derful mtdicine only a short period.
Keehup deeply grateful for the great bene
fits experienced by ms If aud my friends
irom the use of Hunt's Remedy, I feel it to
be my duty, as w ell as a great privilege, to
furnish you this voluntary and unsolicited
statement of facts for the information of jour
large number ot readers, mauyolwnom are
ui doubtedly suffering from this widely
spreading scourge, and I believe that it is the
best medicine now known, aud that It will
cure all cases of kidney diseases that can be
cured.
I shall be pleased to couf-r with auy one
w ho may desire an interview regarding the
statements herein coutained.
Truly yours,
RlClllIOM) IU.NMIAW',
tf t9 Messer street.
Columbia County Iu Resources and In
dus tnss.
Our reader will feel interested in this cor-
leot sketch oi Columbia county, taken irom
the Orejoit Mitt, when tbey recollect that the
land deicribed is all very near Portland, the
metropolis oi the North Pacific!
Columbia county is situated in the north
western part oi the State 'oi Oregon. Its
position is a most advantageous one for com
merce, as it has a water frontage on the Co
lumbia of more than fifty miles, besides ten
miles on the Willamette slough. It has an
area of about 6S0 fouare miles and a popula-
t on of only 2,500. A range oi hills extend
through the county, running nearly parallel
with the riv r; on one side lies the Columbia
bottoms, and on the other the famous Neha
Urn valley. The resouro s oi the county are
rich and varied. The hills cirry iorests of
valuable timber on their backs, while rich
deposits ot coal and iron lie hidden beneath.
Sauvies Island, Deer Island aud the ad
jacent bottom land is subject to overflow an
nually by the June freshet, but as the water
recedes the land is almost immediately
covered with a luxuriant crop of wild red top
an 1 other grasses, making a splendid past ire
for milch cows, and for this reason the da!ry
busin ss is carried on very extensively. Com
paratively little farming is done along the
river, the people finding an easier way to
make miney iu getting out logs to supply th"
numerous saw mills hero and elsewhere.
T te logging business is one of the most im
portant industries of the county. Every lit
tle creek has been cleared of snags and all
obstructions, to run log during the freshet,
and whenever it can be done, loes are hauled
tj the bottom land and left there till high
water floats them, when it is an easy matter
to raft and take t tern to ma'ket
In making a tour oi the county we w'll get
off the '-Joseph Kellogg" at Oosa's landing,
in the southeast corner, on the Willamette
slough, and see what can be found on the
Scappioe. At the landing there is a post
office, store and blacksmith shop, and some
private reel lences. Passing the fine farm oi
Adam Stump, the well-fenced Johnson es'ate,
and the school house, and continuing on for
about two miles we rcacn the Kichlantl mill,
on Scannoose creek, owned bv John R. Watts.
The lumber is hauled irom this mill to Gosa's
Landing for shipment. There is a fine race
curso beside tie county road in frout oi the
school house. Proceeding, we pass num rous
fine dairy farms, and two more school hoases;
crossing MuNulty creek aud Milton cr ek we
reaoh bt. He'ens, the county se.it, and the
mist important point iu thn county. St.
Helens is situated at the confluence of iour
rivers: the Columbia, Willamette, Lewis and
Lake rivers, hence it has a very important
commercial location.
There aro several extensivj quarries in the
vicinity, where a large number of stone cut
ters are employed cutting b'ocks for street
pavement in Portland. There is a daily mail
and all the river steamers call for passengers,
both up and down. The distance from Port
land is 27 miles, by the river. Columbia
City is pleasantly -situated on the river, two
miIesbelow bt. Helens, it has a saw mill,
two stores and several other small indus'ries.
In regard to mines, we clip the tollowiug
irom thu Oregonian : "Among the several
scientific men who have examined the Colum
bia ledges, seven of which have been opened,
are Proi. Hi'gird, of the University of Cali
fornia, an I Mr. Philip Kastwick, the well
known evil and miuing engineer."
Prof. Hilgird has reported that the iron
fields of Columbia county yield the same ex
cellent quality of ore found at Oswego, and
they are practically inex lustble. All the
mountains of that region, he says, are capped
with iron. Mr. Etstwick's report is equally
favorable. The most promising ledges are
less than ten miles irom Columbia City, one
of the best aeep water points on the river,
and accessible by easy grades Much iron
land is held by non-redacnt capitalists, but a
greater part is owned by citizens oi the
county, who, secure ii the possession a "good
thine," are biding their time. Equally valu
able are the coal lauds oi the county. They
lie close to the river, and, like the iron de
posits, are practically inexhaustible.
Wo leave tho river and climb over the hill
to Heaver valley. The road is the b it in the
county aud we meet teams hauling lumber,
shingles, charcoal and cord wood. There is a
very laige settlement in Beaver valley and
plenty oi room loit.
The di tauce irom Wood's landbig to River
side, the first post office in Nehalem valley, i
about fifteen miles. H-re we turn up stream
and passing through a rich and fertile tract
of land for twelve miles, we arrive at Pitts
burg, and find a store, saw mill and grist
mill, ow-ed by Mr. Brous. Five miles further
up there is a poit otllce at Vernonia.
There is much good land on the Nehalem
river aud creeks emptying into it, open for
settlement.
Mr. G. W. Dow, writing fiom Vernonia,
says : There is enough good agricultural land
in this valley ior 5,000 people, and some very
tine water power. People are anxious to
clear land and would furnish, logs ior years to
come, free of charge; besides, tho settlers iu
this neighborhood will require at least 200,
000 feet oi lumber this dimmer, and lumber
couhlbo hauled to Forest Giove or St. Helens
ior ei'ht dollars per thousand. We hive
over twenty wagons going to Washington
oounty to trade for want of a giod road to
S:. Helen;, but we hope to finish the road to
the latter place thn summer.
The di-tauce from St. Helens to Pittsburg
19 twenty one miles, and it will be tor the in
terest of the people at both ends to have it
innlo a good road as soon as possible. There
aro three kinds oi coal here in endless quan
tity, and gold has been iuuud here too, tut I
think it w ould h trdlv pay icr minine..
The settlers oi the Nehalem are hopeiul oi
a railroad via that valley irom Forest Grove
to Astoria, and fiey will g-t it in a short
time, as Astoria is bound to have railroad
connection with the Willamette valley. Tha
land is principally covered with vine maple.
aider, etc., and the soil is very rich. From
the fori going brief description It will be seen
that Uolumbia county otters great induce
ments to all who desii e to engage in any of
the industries mentioned, mere is plenty ot
ro .m and a hearty w clcome to all n ho may
e'OlUO.
JOHN A. S1ACDOXALD,
Salem Marble and Granite
Works.
CommsvrcisU St., South of Post Office
(Poat-Olflce Box 39, Stlem, Oregon )
jiriKtriCTtKEK OI
Scotch ud California Orn t
snd lfubl monuments, tleid Stones
CEMETERY LOTS
Enclosed with California OranlU sad
Eton. Walls built ot srerjr description
rls Bedmced One Malt
COUNTRY ORDERS PROMPTLY
ATTENDED TO.
E&3I1 t.1
WOODBURN NURSER1.
J. N. BKTTLKJUEat, TUT.
-EET3 A FULL, STOCK OF
FRUIT, SHADE.
ORNAMENTAL.
AND NUT TREES.
TIims tnd Bhrubtxry at Ter) low rites. No 'peat on
tres klcb are rulnlnr so many trtes en this CoasU
ts.SaI for Catalogue.
A. ROBERTS,
....SUCCESSOR TO....
FISHEL & ROBERTS.
Cor. First andJAlder Sts, Portland, Ore.
THE LEADING
Clothier,
Merchant Tailor,
And Hatter.
OF OREGON,
Gunrantocs to sol! the
best CLOTHING lor
lery
less
Money than
in the state.
any other house
lunoltt
THE GREAT CURE
RHEUMATISM
Ai it U for all th painful diseaua of tit
KIDNEYS. LIVER AND BOWELS.
It oleanief tha TBtom of tLe acrid nalaaH
uuis causes wo orcaaiui Bunerintf wnian m
only the victim of Rheumatism can reallsa,
THnusAuns nv rARca 1
oi me worst rorms or tau terrible nitnaw
have been quickly relieved, and in short tlm
PERFECTLY CURED
rracx, $1. liquid on dry. sold or D&rocisTa.
i- vtt can be sent dt maiL
WELI.ZUCUAIUSOtf&Co..BurliiitonVi
n
HEQIGINA
ES,CABLITS0HEDS'1845
THFRSrmsrOR BAKING POM
OfUNVENTmTSPURTrANDX
STRENGTH ALWAYS MAIMAINEI1
THE MOST ECONOMICAL BREAD
PREPARATION MADE.
S250 WILL BUY
Tlio Boat Foxxy
SAW MILL
Yet Oircreil for the Money.
mr Send for Circular.
RICHMOND MACHINE WORKS,
KIHnoM IM
Dana's White Metallic Ear Marking Label, stamped
to order with name, or namo snd addrcBS and num
bers. It la reliable, rheap and convenient. Sells at
sight and gives ptufect satisfaction. Illustrated
rrlce.Llst and samples free. .Agents wan1!.
C. U. DANA, West I.ebnnok.. N. H.
USE ROSE PILLS
EJ2jTC3-ZnSTE3SI
RELIABLE, DURABLE & ECONOMICAL
T Will furnish a Horse Power with one
third leas fuel and water thau any other EnKta.
built, not fitted with an automatic cut&
H. F. GltEGOUT
vt CO., AfzeiitH,
No. 5 Xortb Front St., Portland, Or.
C
UT THIS OUT
aMlUtaraWa
wlLTtNCu,
y nun, a G.4n Bw(OMdj,tkU will r1- 'y la
unnlfi
j u im Mu uu tuTUinc w Awairtca, ,
aL Ymsc, IIS emaka'.U Nw Yt
Vlklraala La Aaan. Aid.
lOTNav.
RAILROAJ) LANDS.
Liberal Terms,
Low Prices,
Long Time,
Low Interest.
OREGON AND CALIFORNIA RAILROAD COUPANT
o
FFKK THEIR LANDS FOR BALE UPON THE
fouowlna liberal terms: One tenth of th. crloa
In cash; interest on th. balaac at th. rat. of aeren per
cent one year after sale, and each following fear ons
et nth of th. principal and Interest on th. balance at the
rata of eeen per cent per annum. Both principal and
Interest pajranl. In U. . Currency
A discount of tea per cent will be allowed for cash.
LatUn should b addmaed to
PAUL SCHULZE, Land Arent,
O a C B K, Portland, Oregtti.
gP0WBlRir5
LABjyy jM
y
1 1 xx:-tj.t '