6
Ij $'&
lUrOBMATION ABOOT BEE8.
There arc tlircc clnees anions; the inmate-!
of the liie the queen, which in a
perfect female nml mother of tlio whole
colony; imny 'uindredi of imjrfecti e
veloiC(l female'", and few drones which
are the male hecs. The fnircn if of the
utmost importance to the welfaie of the
community and the little centun-H ccetn
well awnro of the fact and is treated with
the utmost attention. She performH no
mental ollices; docs not u?uall cen fwl
liertelf, but is nupplid hy the worker.
After celln are built and ready for her use
(die. deposits the (,'(," '" ti wiinctimcs
at tlio rate of two or time thouand icr
day. TIicm? cj,'gs after liiitrliinir arc feed
and nouiWictl hy the worker heew through
tlicr ditlticnt stupes of dceloimcnt from
worm to liimu, when they aie waled up
in u cell as a nymph, and in twenty-one
day from the time the ij;gH were de
posited a perfect bee emerges from the
cell icady for all the labors and duties
which dew lop upon it. The fact was di
(oered and piomulg.ikd fowardH the
clo-o of the last icntury that from the
egg that iioduees the worker a queen can
te reaied. It is not Mrange that this wiw
discredited, for all natural lii-toiytlwH not
himHi another Midi wonder, yet it is now
fixed bejond a doubt. Whin deprived of
their qui en 01 the ic.iring of o""K ',s
becomes nutary, the egg from which a
workci would be ie.ired is taken, and by
diU'erent food and treatment it is made to
tiling fortli a pel feet female or queen. It
Iscontiaiy to all analogies, and jet tine
that at will flu mi little inwi ts can thus
order things.
"The egg which under oidinary treat
ment would bae been twenty-ono days
niatuiing now Incomes peifeet in sixteen,
'its oigans aie fully dei loped, its size and
olm ehangid, its shape alleinl, so that
its legs hae no baskets, nbdomen no re
ceptacles for honey and its Ming dillcient
sliape. In fiu t its instini Is aie ehangeil,
instead of a dcho to sting if ollended, it
now will not sting Instead of laboiing
from the time of lis biitb it now perfoims
no laboi. lis length of life is extended
bom the sboit peiiod of lliiee inonths
wliiih is the aeiage life of a wmkei to
that of Ihiee yeais and sometimes five!
The wondi rful changes which all modern
lu..i Loniuiw nut fmiiiliiii with nml e.in ox-
nc i"l.iiii -
hihil at will to any one inleiesled aie
made bj the bees whensocwr they deem
it neceuyl If a colony loose their queen
at a season when theie are no eggs or
tin M fiom whidi to tear another they
seem in-tinetixely to know that luin ini
IK'iids, and they manifest at fust gieat dis
licss, but if eggs ate gien them and the
means put in their leach to rear another
they icdouble then eneigies, new queens
aie icaud, and one of them adopted as
tlicii mothei while others are destroyed
Tlio queens bae an instiiu(io hate for
cai hotbei and if hiought in contact fight
till one is delio.cd In leaiing ouug
qui ens thnlHciwiluaV lear a number, but
thoono llrst hatihed alwajs destiojs the
otlais befoie tbe uie out of the i ells un
less ifstainnl by the bees Tln some
times do this in theswaimuig seinon that
anew colon.x m.ij haoa leadei.
"The qui ens at biith aie callable of
la.Miig eggs which pioduce males or
(hones, but before the) can deposit the
eggs winch will biing foith perfect fe
males, (the queens) or linpeifeetly de
veloped femalis, (the workeis) thoy must
lsifeitihed b, thedione. Thej leae the
til w for tins puipo-e, and inlei ionise takes
place high in the an natuie is thiswaj
proiding against adiuixliiie of blood
which would soon muse (be stock to de
tinoiate. The doncs having seiwd theii
imipiise for a In it f season of the jcur aie
dcstio.U'il h, the woikeis 01 die untuiiilly
"While limn) hies aie kept together
much liiiiiex H s.ied li icstiuting and
toutrolling the icaiiug dioncs, and with
nhkIciii hives this is easily done
"The woikers aie the IhIhiis Thefu'st
few weiks of then cm-Iciicc the peifoun
the iudooi otlues, tbe aie th( nurses of
tlio community, they feed thejoiinglaivie,
unpplj the wants of thoquccu, ele.iuso the
)ne, sieids the wax mid foun 01 build
the cells, mill newt leave the hive except
forbnef exercise m Ihebiightsiinat noon
Aftei the In -t stage of then exigence is
IpismhI thev join the loving baud who
gathei houev and pollin lleiicefoith
th IiiIku uiii'sNintlv until ihMmvisI h
birds oi polish htleiallv vvoin out bv their
hd)is Thev g.ithei honev the jiueeof
Howeisi pollin the fauna of the dowel's,
and proKihs, which is ,t icsinous nutter
gathered from tiers and ceitaiu pl.iuts.
Wax ii not gathen'd, as main mippnt-o,
but isnn animal xtvivtion as tallow or fat.
Pollen or the fauna of llowcrs is the main
food of the laivie and voung Ives" Hit
Magaiue.
Transferring Bets- -Best Hive.
The "latest impmved" method of trans
ferung a method that is tippioved and
prucliicd by some of the liost boe-kooors
and agricultural vvuters is to allow tho
old hive to remain uiuIisIiiiIkiI until the
weather is so wium that there is no dan
ger of the biood Isiiug chilled when the
Imhs are drummed out into an omptv
hivo or box, and then shaken down in
front of a new lino furninlied with wired
framcx tilled with comb foundation The
Uica enter and occupy the hive as readily
M would a natural cwarin, and if honey
is coming in Of it is not the transferring
Jiould not I n done), two dav.s after the
foundation will Ik drawn out into combs,
thoquccu filling thorn with eggs and the
liees goring honvy To ilium out lietxs
find smoke ihcni, thou invert the hivo
and sot an empty hio or box, mouth
downward, over the up-turned hive. If
tho hixesdonot fit each other perfectly,
wind a sheet around them at tho junc
ture, or stop up the interstices with .grass
or rags, then drum with two sticks or
hammer? ujKin the bottom hive for a
leriod of twenty minutes. The queen and
most of tho bees will ascend and cluter
in the upper hive.
When a swarm is drummed out it gives
up its attachment to the old hive and
location, and remains and- works in any
location in which it is placid just as
though it were a natural swarm. While
the old queen is doing her duty in the
new hive, filling the nice, straight, Wau
tiful worker combs with brood, the old
hive is without a queen, and the brood is
hatching every day from its crooked, mis
shapen combs. In about nine days after
the bees are drummed out, tho oldtM
queen cell, that tho bees in the old hive
have built to pioxide themselves with
another mother, will bo nearly icady to
hatch, tho biood will all be sealed over,
and theie will bo a goodly number of
newly hatchid bee. At this time I think
it would lie a first rate plan toditim more
bees from the old hive and shake them
down in front of the new hivc.which they
will enter, and help tocare for the lapidly
increasinc biood of the old queen. In the
old hive these bees would hoof no use, as
they are too young to gather honey, and
the brood, lieing sailed, would not requiie
their care. Tho (humming out of this
second lot of bees is not absolutely neces
sary, but, when the liee-kieper has time
to do so, I think it advisable. In about
three weeks from the tinio tho fnt lot of
bees was (hummed out all the bees in tho
old hive will ho hatched out, and a young
queen will have commenced laying, when
the bees should be again drummed out
from the old hivcthovoimgqueen, which
was not reared under favorable cheuni
stances, sought out and destroved, and
the bees united with those in the new
hive.
Tho old hive is now heed from bees
and biood, and can be knocked to picies,
the combs cut out and the honey ex
tracted fiom them, when they will be
lendeied into beeswax fiom which cm
bo manuf.ietined comb foundation In
many iipi.uies there me often to to be
found in use old, black, ciookul combs,
sometimes diono cones at th.it, that
should longagoh.no been melted up and
whichshould havobeen made into founda
tion. I fad this been done thej would now
have been good, stiaight, worker combs,
and a souiceof piolitto their owners. If
increase of stock, instead of the pioduc
tion of honey is desired, then the second
(humming of the liees can be omitted,
and when, at the exniiation of Unco
weeks, they aio drummed bom the oldltioubled to know what is the mo-t eco
hive, thoy should bo hived in a new hivo
furnished with wiie flames filled with
comb foundation, the voung queen
hunted up and killed, and a good queen
bom some other snuice intioduied to the
colony.
Of comso theie aie cases in which the
above method of tiansfeuing would not
be advisable. Foi instance- If n bee
kccpei should buy a lot of black bees in
box hives, and biing them into his Italian
apiaiy, he would wish to traiisfei them
befoio any diones hatched, an he could
then cut out the dione biood and intio
ilmii Italian queens, and no black diones
would be ic.ueil, If ho should wait until
theweathei was so waini that no brood
would be i lulled, djones would coitainlv
have boon hatched. Again, theie aie
many people who have bought a few
(olomes in box hives, mid who wish to
tiansfcr them to movable comb hives.
Thev can bin, or pcilnps make the
hive's, but wucil flame-, filled with tomb
foundation they cannot, or pcihaps will
not, take the tumble to obtain Such
poisons us those can di uni out the boos,
then split oU'one side of the old hive, cut
tho combs out c.uefully and lay them on
one sido in a pile The box 01 hive con
taining the illumined out ken should be
uiisod at one sale to give the bees air,iind
when taking the combs fioin the hive the
few straggling bees can lm hiuhcd oil' at
the mouth of the box, when thoy will
enter and join their companions.
Xo iiioio combs fhould be tiaiisfeiiod
than aio ucccssiiiv. to got all the biood
and give the liees a inodoiato allowance
of honey, and it may be neeesMry to Use
seveial pieces of comb m filling one
fianie A frame can be laid upon a
board , pieces of comb fitted into the
fianie, light, thin pieces of wihhI laid
across (he frame and tacked to the side
bars then a kwitl laid over the frame of
comb, whenkith kianls anil the enclosed
baiuo tilled with piece of comb can lie
turned ovei The kiard that was under
the frame will then be on the top, fiom
whence it can k removed ami more strips
of wood tacked to the upjK'r sale of tho
baine Kach side of tho (tamo will then
Ihj furnished with strips of wood, ami as
they reach across from side bar to sido
bail thev hold the combs in isitioii.
When the combs are all fastened in they
can k arranged side by sale in the now
hive, which should In) placed upon the
old stand and the lees shaken from the
drumming kix in front of tho line, which
thoy will outer and at once proceed to put
things to rights In two or three days
the conilvs will lo securely fastened, when
tlio strips of wood shoiild Ihi removed
The kst time to transfer is in the spring,
during the first good How of honey.
In regard to the best kind of hive. If
an apiar.v i to U inn for extracted honey,
large hives are all right , but thoy tiro
fatal to the profitable production of comb
honev, kvaitsothc kvs, having so much
room' to store honey in the kvly of the
hive, ii ro xer.v slow and reluctant in entei
ing and in working in the surplus recep
tacle. If wo are. to judge which hivo is
the lost hy the kind that is used most, 1
should say that tho ljingstroth lihoistho
beat. The 1-uigstroth frame, iw generally
WILLAMETTE FAKxMEE: PORTLAND, OREGON, JUNE
used is nine and one-eigth inches deep by
soventeen and five-eighths inches long,
and a hive to hold these need lie nothing
more than a simple box without top or
bottom, having a rabbet upon the inside
of the upper end of the edge pieces upon
which to hang the frames. Of cour:j
such a hivo requires a cover and a bottom
board, but these need bo nothing more
than simply cleated boards. The bottom
lxiard can be nailed fast, if so desired.
Many of the best apiarists use such hives
as thi.
The Langtroth frame is the best to use
when working for comb honey, as the
llntnpss nrsb.il owness of the brood chain'
lir-r not onlv L'ivcs more room for the
honev boxes on top of the hives, but it in
duces tlio bees to enter the boxes more
readily, as it seems to be the bees' nature
to keep their combs in a globular shape.
Kight frames in a hive arc better then ten
when comb honey is raised. By placing
one hive above another, three or even four
stories high, such hives as these can be
made large enough for storing extracted
honey ; in fact, this is exactly the manner
in which some of the most successful and
extensive producers of extracted honey
manage the business Correspondence
Country Gentleman.
How to Take Care of Harness.
A harness that has been on a hor-e's
back seveial hours in hot or lainy
weather becomes wet; if not properly
cleaned, the damage to the leather is
irreparable. If, after being taken from
the hoise in this condition it is hung up
in a careless manner, traces and leins
twisted into knots, and the saddle and
bridle hung askew, the leather when
dried retains the same shape given it
when wet. and when foiced into its
original form damage is done the stitch
ing and the leather. Uie nrst point 10
be observed is to keep the leather soft
and pliable. This can bo done by kceji-
ing it well chaigcd with oil and grease;
water is a destrojer, but mud and the
saline moisture fiom the animal are even
more destructive. Mini in drying absorbs
tho grease and opens the poies ot the
leather, making it a piey to water,
while the salty ehaaacter of theperspiia
tion bon the animal injures the leather,
stitching and mountings. It therefore
follows that, to piesono the harness, the
stiaps should be washed and oiled
whonevci they have been moistened by
sweat or soiled by mud. If the harness
is thoioughly cleaned twice a ear, and
when undiilv" exposed treated as we have
recommended, the leather will letain its
softness and strength for a great many
veais Exchange.
Timber for Railroad Ubob.
The nioistuio of tho soils in the South,
s.vys the National Car Builder, is very de
structive to woods employed as the bed for
railway tiack, and manageis have been
nomical method for obviating loss lesult
ing from this cause. Creosoting has been
icsoited to. Several woiks with laigo
capital have been established in St. Louis
for tlio treatment of wood by the creosote
piocess, and in Texas tho ticatment has
been applied along the lines as constiuc
t ion was pushed forward. This method,
however, is consideietl lather expensive.
Some lailway men have concluded that
the ailantus and catalpa will prove to be
tlio cheapest and most duiable wood for
tie and biidgo timbers One company,
whose toad extends chilly over pr.iino
lands, is having a laigo plantation seeded
foi these tries in equal piopoitions. Both
the eatalp.i and ailantus aio leadily prop
agated from the seed, and bear seed pods
abundantly. Another company, whose
load onteis Texas, is iiuauging to plant
several liunied acies of thcsetiees in that
State. I'ven tho lion Mountain Com
pany, that probably ow us more heavily
timbered land than any other in the
country, haseontiacted for the cultivation
of a eatalp.i faun near one of its stations
in Missouri. On this road are catalpa ties
that weie laid nearly fifteen years ago and
aie appaiently as sound as ever. It is
authenticated that in Southern Ohio,
wheie one species of eatalp.i is indigenous,
theie aio posts and timbers of this wood
tliat have been in the giountl a full cen
tury and vet show no signs of decay.
Although the ailantus is an uuKirt.ttiou
from China, still it and the catalpa seem
to find soils of Missouri, Arkansas and
Texas just what they leqiino to thrive
upon
Kins County Assessment.
Tor tlio first time King county takes the
lead in tlio matter of property and wealth,
hnviug matlo a bound forward in the past
year almost, if not wholly unexampled ia the
history of old established communities in any
patt of tho Union. Tho progress of the coun
try has been marked during the past four
years, each succeeding year, however, gaininp
on the year preceding) 1830 over 1879 about
0 per cent; 1SS1 ovor ISSO about 14 per cent;
Ksy.' over 1SSI about 50 per cent; and now
lhs: over ISS- the enormous mcrease of about
150 per cent I These assertion and figures are
not wild or even approximate estimates, but
they are from the records, from the assess
ment rolls of the current vcar and the tour
jeara preceding, and are entitled to full
credence.
The exact figures of the assessments of tho
property in the county for each of the yean
refirred to look so well that we cannot re
frain from giving the reader a glance at them!
Assessments 1870, 51.07,679; 1BS0, 2,.
l'J0,S35i 1SSI, f-s.V."03s ISSi, $3,65,663;
lfcSJ, $S,S01,'JOO. This is a bater exhibit
than tho most sanuiue had anticipated. All
looked for a gaiu over last year of 25 per
cent., some few for 50, but a msjority for
about 331. Th idea of going up 150 per cent,
in a single twelvemonth almost takes away
ourbnatli.
Auother jump in the next year like that iu
the past, uiul King county, the chief couuty
in Washington Territory, will pass Mulno.
mah county, the chief county in Oregon, and
every county in California except that of San
Krauciscp.
t. A pint of the finest ink for families or
schools ran u inane irom a icn-cem package
of Diamond Dye. Try them.
nr 0utirii
the BEAtmrrn. valley of chehalis.
In a late tssua of the Seattle Pott-Intelligence
we find the followinp readable and
truthful description of the Chebalis county.
The aketch is by Governor William A. Newell,
of Washington Territory. The Governor
says : I comply cheerfully with your request
for an account of my recent journey to the
Chebalis valley and country.
Chehalis county lies midway between the
Columbia and the Straits of Fucaj has an
ocean frontajre of sixty miles two-fifths of
the entire coast line ot the lernwry; exiezus
eastward fifty miles to a point near Puget
Sound; runs 85 miles north and south.reach
ing within eight miles of the Columbia, and
contains about 3,000 square miles, or
1,500,000 acres. The surface is somewhat
mnnntainnus. but is mainly hilly or level.
The mountains and hills are covered all over
with forest trees, white and blact nr, ceaar,
hnmlnoU .ind anruce. with an occasional dis
trict of cottonwood, all of immense size; the
level portion consists of prairie and river val
ley lands, which latter are covered, where
not already cleared, with dense growths of
cottonwood, vine maple, ald;r and elder.
Near and about Gray's Harbor, and up the
rhnhalin river, tide crass land is found in
most luxurious and almost constant vesela
tion. The forests thicken as you travel to
wards the sea, and the trees assume immense
proportions. Many single trees will cut
30,000 feet of lumber each. An expert em
ployed by a mill company recently estimated
some scctionsas capableof yielding 25,000,000
to 40,000,000 feet each. The main supply of
spruce is upon the rivers flowing from the
north. The fiber of the fir is unusually com
pact, and so fine of grain as to make it diffi
cult to find the annual rings without a magni
fying power. Hemlock, rare elsewhere upon
the coast, abounds in alt these regions The
present and prospective x alue of all this Um
ber is beyond reasonable computation. Simp
son Brothers hsve established a saw mill of
75,000 feet capacity at the outlet of the Ho
quiam, upon low lands fully reclaimed by
dyking and draining, thus redeeming a large
tract of otherwise useless land for buildings,
and demonstrating the facility of rescuing
nlher extensive reeions of similar characteris
tics throughout the Territory. All this has
been accomplished under the management of
Mr. Emerson. I observed several forest clear
ings under cultivation, being well in grass,
growing good fruit trees and grain. Most of
it is capable of producing as well as the ad
joining county of Lewis, famous for its fer
tility and crops where the timber has been
removed. The most desirable land for aeri
cultural and grazing purposes lies upon the
river valleys, where the sod is deep, mouldy,
strong, fertile, exhaustless and level. Once
cleared of the thi'k growth which encumbers
it there is no end to its productive capacity
for wheat, oaU, hops, onions, potatoes and
other vegetables, fruits, and for all that I
could learn to the contrary, of tobacco and
broom corn. It is chiefly adapted tn grazing
purposes, and large dairies are already estab
lished upon sure foundations, one of which I
inspected with great satisfaction as indicating
the important and profitable industry which
is to characterize the valley. Reliable resi
dents assured me that thereisnotle's thantwo
thousand linal miles of such alluvial forma
tions whi:h can accommodate and enrich
with necessary clearings of the forests, many
thousands of families. hsve no desire to
have timber land cleared for farming purposes
only, at wanton sacrifice of lumber, its vslue
heinff much creater in the orieinal condition.
A. J. Smith, a long time resident, assured me
that he has an enclosure of red clover in full
vigor, which was seeded by himself twenty-
tojr years ogo; a isct which m suiiiiao
Eastern farmers, who cannot continue it for
three years without upheval and destruction
by frost. White clover is irrepressible
w herever sunshine has access to the sod.
Iron, coal and sandstone aro found in the
vicinity of the Black Hills and elsewhere.
Tho climate is mild and pleasant in winter,
but httlo snow falls, but littlo ice forms and
livo Btock can stand all ordinary seasons with
out shelter or fodder. Many cattle aro turned
out at the middle of October upon tho lot
toms and title grass lands to be returned in
the spring whin the butter making season
begins. The rainfall is not excessive and is
never cold or blasting in its effects. The
summer season is Hand and mild, always
cool and refreshing, especially in the night
time, a peculiarity incident to the Sound
country, and produced by tho trade winds
from the south, tempered by the snow tops
of the mountain ranges; the perturbations of
the atmosphere by the influx and efilux of
the tide waters of Puget Sound, all tinctured
ami improved by the pure, healthful pine
aroma of the forests. The Bea breezes are es
pecially noticeable as vou near the ocean.
Uutler these benign influences people enjoy
l'oo.1 health, and live stock, horses, cattle,
sheep, swine and poultry prosper and thrive.
The sheep never scab, the fleece is heavy and
soft.
Several villages aro established, with pros
pect of growth Montesano, Elms, Oakv.lle
and Cosmopolis, which promise to be prosper
ous centers of trade. Numerous school
houses nud churches of various denominations
are established, and a newspaper, which is
well and ably conducted, has quickly ac
quired a largo circulation and influence.
The water system of the Chehalis country
is remarkable for extent and utility, rarely
equalled, nowhere surpassed, permeating
every portion alike. Chief of all is the Che
halis river, which extends through its head
tributary, Black river and lake, eastward
nearly to the Sound, with an average depth
of thirty ftet, forty five miles up from the
ocean. Steamers have penetrated its course
for sixty miles. It is sufficiently wide for
convennnt navigation, deep, free from every
kind of obstruction, never freezes, bordered
with fore ta of perennial verdure, closing to
its very edge and oft times ov ernkngijur its
pure, clear waters. The river presents a
scene of enchanting beauty, wonderful to be
hold. A hundred miles northward from the
Olympic range descend innumerable streams,
w hich concentrate into rivers, emptying into
the Chehalis equidistant from each other, ten
miles and at right angle, the Satsop, the
Wiuoocha, the uh-Ka, the Hoquiamsnd the
Umptutup, which, with the Jons and Elk
flowini' in from the south, roll their fierce
waters into the placid bosom of their common
highway to the ses. The beauty of these
streams is astonishing to the traveler, ca
peciallythe Wiuoocha, which is for a long
distance uniform in width and depth, with a
geutle fall and quiet ripple to its limpid cur
rents. These lateral streams are nav igable to
some extent, which might be greatly in.
creased, but are chiefly valuable for shooting
logs with lightning speed from the bound
ltss forrtU which border on their shores,
Gray's Harbor is the great reservoir which re
ceives these waters, an inland sea of triangu
lar formation fourteen miles long by ten wide
upon the ocean, narrow ed to an iulet of one
mile, formed by the spit of sandy beach which
jut down from the north, auj the peninsula
frem the south. Near to the inlet it the bar,
which is quite unchangeable, on which the
soundings iudicate t wen tv -four feet at mean
low water and forty at highest tide,
The
8, 1883.
channel from this point to the harbor proper
is three and one-half miles long, ai an times
not less than forty feet deep, straight and per-
.. . -.1 !J. L I..I. ai.rf
petualiy wauea on enner oiuo uy mgu .
breakers which always denote the danger of
the shoal". Beyond, water of various depth
from forty to sixty feet is found at many
points, where anchorage Is safe. A good
haven is formed by the southern spit, which
shields from the ocean winds; a protection
which is increased by several small islands in
that locality. Bold but not inaccessible bluffs
abound along tbe southern shore at and about
Paine's Point, where the water is nearly
thirty feet. My figures as to depth of water
areobtained from eafaring men well informrd.
lhe United States Coast Survey rervice is at
this time engaged at making a new survey of
the harbor, which will enable us to know the
precise measurement of every part. Neither
the Chehalis river nor the harbor are frozen
and tho great influx of fresh water prevents
the ravages of the toredo, or any barnacles,
which advantages, with others, point to this
locality as suitable for the navy yard sooner
or later to be provided for the Pacific Coast.
All of these waters abound in shell and other
.u in naif vnnfr.v. And m inv Bea ntter are
caught in the harbor. Especially not ceable
is Peterson's Point, tho northern extremity of
the southern spit, with beautiful undulations
of surface covered with Diacupineoi vigor
ous growth, the seeds from which they sprang
with the gold bearing sands hereabouts hav
ing been whirled to their deposit by the cur
,.! nt thn Columbia and the sta from be
yond the mountains. Tho rank vegetation of
fruit and vegetable growth, the long, level
and spacious driveway of hard, ssndy beach,
all contribute to make the place a most eligi
ble locality for summer resort, and a com
mercial city. Much valuable territory lies
south of Chehalis county, containing Shoal
Water Bay an inland sea of large propor
tionsextending to the Columbia and Pacific
front, which with that portion lying north of
Chebalis county between the sound, sea and
straits, it is my intention to visit it at an early
day, much of which is at this time unsurveyed
and unexplored.
Natural Resources of tne Columbia Blver
Valley, rrom Alnsworth to Priest
Rapids, W. T.
J. E. Gatenbein, in the Goldeodale Gazette,
writes as follows : This country comprises
about 300,000 acres of land of which little has
hitherto been known, we mitjht almost say,
only to the Indian and stockmen, who are
the owners of many bands of horse and cat
tle and whose object is always to discourage
the emigrant, as it serif usly interferes with
their grazing herds. When they were asked
about the quality of the soil, etc., they would
invariably pronounce it a barren deseit, fit
only for grazing.
This valley lies on both sides of the Colum
bia river, is from three to twenty miles w ido
by 85 miles long, and lies a little above high
water. The minimum altitude being 337 feet
and the maximum altitude not over 500 feet
above the level of the sea. This valley is the
only area in Etstern Washington and Ongon
that lies so low. The climate is the mildest
in tho winter and by 10 degrees hotter in the
summer, the season between frosts is long; in
18S1 it was six months and ten days, in 1S82
five months and eleven days season was very
backward all over the coast. The soil is ci.v-
ered with sage brush and bunch grass and is
mostly composed ot a sandy loam, by many
considered a sediment deposited there by the
ancient CnlumI5!a river.
This valley is especially adapted for fruit
and vegetable raising, also small fruits; in
fact almost anything that can be raised north
of the semi-tropical regions can be raised
here. Most everytning can oe raisoa w unoun
irrigation, especially all kinds of grain, but
to raise vegetables and start all kinds of fruit
trees the first year, it is highly practical to
have irrigation; after the first year roots will
go down deep enough to seek their on moist
urn. In the spring of 1881, Mr. F. Shuneman
put out a lot of trees in Aiusworth; that year
he watered and cared well for tho trr es and
last year they received no water at all, save
that which fell from the clouds. They made
crowth nil the way from three and a half fett
to eleen feet, which would be hard to beat
even in the moit fertile portions ofCali
fornia. t
Water is found in abundance by digging
from 15 to 20 feet through soil and then
through wash gravel in w Inch the water is
found, we having no bedrock to contend with.
The water can be hoisted for irrigation by
steam or wind power as the greater portion
of the season we are blessed with a w esterly
breee a true blessing for this country as it
brings moisture with it which comes from
Puget Sound, over the Cascade mountains
which makes it practical to use wind power.
The writer of this has a wind mill which in a
fair breee furnishes 3,000 gallons per hour.
The rain fall last season was twelve inches.
Wood for fencing and fuel can easily be gath
ered on the Columbia river, down which great
quantities of wood float every summer. Logs
ana lumoer can ue saieiv raucu uuwu me
Columbia, Yakima and Snake rivcr, also
brought by rail, but the former is everyone's
highway and cannot be monopolized by one
company.
Ainsworth, which is destined at no distant
future to become an important center, is
located between the Snake and Columbia
rivers, at the confluence of the two rivers,
situated at the head of the described valley
and the center of about 400 miles of steam
boat navigation, as follows : From here down
the Columbia river to Celilo, 121 miles; up
the Columbia to Priest Rapids, 85 mile; up
the Snake about 150, and for small crafts 50
miles; up the Yakima, which empties into
the Columbia ten miles above here. It is safe
to predict that as soon as demantl calls for it,
steam crafts will ply these rivers and gather
the products from their shores and csrry them
to some central market; also we have already
railroad connection with Portland, Oregon,
and Walla Walla, and this coming summer
will have connection with the Atlantic coast,
and the N. P. K. R., proposes to build a rail
road from here to the Sound through the Cas
cade mountains, which will bring us within
about 200 miles of the Sound.
The reader may question where can the
market be found for the fruit from so large a
valley. This can easily be answered. In the
first place, from here to St. Paul, Minn.,
there is no more fruit country found, except
for app'ea and a few morn hardy fruits, and
second, along the K. P. R. R. between the
two above points, there are millions of acres
of magnificent grain lands; this country will
soon become settled end to a great extent
these people will purchase our fruits. This
valley, as soon as the Cascade division of the
N. P. R. R is completed, will naturally fur
nish Puget Sound with melons and tomatoes,
as Seattle can have them 24 hours after they
are picked, while it takes them three days to
receive the same from San Francisco; then
we will receive coal and lumber in return.
We all hope for a speedy completion of the
Cascade division.
In conclusion I would advise those who
may desire to change their homes to give this
valley a isit before locating elsewhere.
Lady Beautifum. Ladies you cannot
make fair akin, rosy cheeks, and sparkling
ejei with all the cosmetics of France or beau- j
liners oi mo wonu, wnue in poor nraun,
strength and beauty as II op Bitters. Atrial
is certain proof.
A.ROBERTS,
.... SUCCESSOR TO....
FISHEL & ROBERTS,
Cor. Klrst andAld'er Sts, PortUnd, Ore.
THE LEADING
Clothier,
Merchant Tailor,
And Hatter.
OF OREGON,
Guarantees to sell lhe very
best CLOTHING tor less
Money than any other house
in the state.
Juneltf
T
HE GREAT CURE
RHEUMATISM-
.4a it 1 for all the painful dlieawa of tiia
KIDNEYS.LIVER AND BOWELS.
It Qle&niea tho vitem of tLe acrid Dotvoa
that causes tho dreadful suffering which
only the victims of ttheumatiim can realin
THOUSANDS OF CASES
of tha wont forma of this terrible dlaeoM
hATa been nuleltlv relieved, and In short time
PERFECTLY CURED. If
PRICE, 1. IIQIIDOU DRY, 801 D HY DRUGGISTS.!
WXLIS.EICHARDSOM&Co .BurllnfftonVt
urv can im) seiii uj iuiui.
fCTTOalgp
PRi2l1
tlTSHED'l845
7HFRSTYEASrOR BAKING POM
VfRMENTUX TS PUMTrWD
WRENGrHALWMS MAINTAINS!
THE MOST ECONOMICAL BREAD
PREPARATION MADE.
S250 WILL BUY
SAW MILL
Yet OireriHl for the Money.
J3-Send for Circular.
RICHMOND MACHINE WORKS,
BICHHOND, 1MI
Dana's White UetaJJlo Ear Marking Label, Mamped
to order with came, or came and address and num
bers. It la reliable, nbeap and convenient. Sells as
sight and gives pt-.fect satisfaction. Illustrated
frUcUst and camples free. .Agents wac I.
C. II. DANA, West Lebanon, N. H.
USE KOSE PILLS
lEZfcTGKinSriESI
RELIABLE, DURABLE ft ECONOMICAL
mf Will fnrnlih s Horse rower with on,
third less fuel and water than an? other Engine
built, cot fitted with an antomatU cut-off.
H. P. GREGORY
Jfc CO., A-Sfonts,
No. 5 North Front St., Portland, Or.
PUT THIS OUT
vita TZX CmIa,
t4 jrtjM rcal
H aV
tLaaW1
fey mll,GlWmBoiftt'Oo(lt,Ui4 wllUriBf yU bm
mt la Om MmI lata !( tto la Aawrtoa. Atatv
tot darlatal. U. , Its GrMawtoa St, Nw Yw
RAILROAJ) LANDS.
Liberal Terms,
Low Prices,
Lcng Time,
Low Interest.
OREGON AND CALIFORNIA RAILROAD COMPACT
OFFER TOKIR LANDS FOR SALE UPON TBI
following liberal terms: One-tenth ol the price
in cash; Interest on tho balance at the rate of aeren per
cent one yeaf alter sale, and each following year one-
tenth ol the principal aad lntereat on the 1
oaian
rai oi aeren per ctni per annum
Interest parable In U. 8. Currenc-
rat ol aeren per cent per annum. Both principal and
wrest parade in u. a. currency
A discount ol ten per cent wtU be allowed for cash.
Letters ahould be addreaaed ts
PAUL SCHULZE. Land Agent,
OsCRR, PortUnd, Oregon.
TELESCOPES
MmsWMMst. Ovr CItUMa
aHMTa -, Aaowcr !
tmaUsTf aad OvwpoWa.
Mintuacnir.ru' jjih
Urbeati t or llfiui
Mr-bena tor lUiutrai
Lleel ft-lood CautfaViaew
fnn- BBiTOnTalCTllflrfflB5
A i'W1