Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (June 8, 1883)
6 Ij $'& lUrOBMATION ABOOT BEE8. There arc tlircc clnees anions; the inmate-! of the liie the queen, which in a perfect female nml mother of tlio whole colony; imny 'uindredi of imjrfecti e veloiC(l female'", and few drones which are the male hecs. The fnircn if of the utmost importance to the welfaie of the community and the little centun-H ccetn well awnro of the fact and is treated with the utmost attention. She performH no mental ollices; docs not u?uall cen fwl liertelf, but is nupplid hy the worker. After celln are built and ready for her use (die. deposits the (,'(," '" ti wiinctimcs at tlio rate of two or time thouand icr day. TIicm? cj,'gs after liiitrliinir arc feed and nouiWictl hy the worker heew through tlicr ditlticnt stupes of dceloimcnt from worm to liimu, when they aie waled up in u cell as a nymph, and in twenty-one day from the time the ij;gH were de posited a perfect bee emerges from the cell icady for all the labors and duties which dew lop upon it. The fact was di (oered and piomulg.ikd fowardH the clo-o of the last icntury that from the egg that iioduees the worker a queen can te reaied. It is not Mrange that this wiw discredited, for all natural lii-toiytlwH not himHi another Midi wonder, yet it is now fixed bejond a doubt. Whin deprived of their qui en 01 the ic.iring of o""K ',s becomes nutary, the egg from which a workci would be ie.ired is taken, and by diU'erent food and treatment it is made to tiling fortli a pel feet female or queen. It Iscontiaiy to all analogies, and jet tine that at will flu mi little inwi ts can thus order things. "The egg which under oidinary treat ment would bae been twenty-ono days niatuiing now Incomes peifeet in sixteen, 'its oigans aie fully dei loped, its size and olm ehangid, its shape alleinl, so that its legs hae no baskets, nbdomen no re ceptacles for honey and its Ming dillcient sliape. In fiu t its instini Is aie ehangeil, instead of a dcho to sting if ollended, it now will not sting Instead of laboiing from the time of lis biitb it now perfoims no laboi. lis length of life is extended bom the sboit peiiod of lliiee inonths wliiih is the aeiage life of a wmkei to that of Ihiee yeais and sometimes five! The wondi rful changes which all modern lu..i Loniuiw nut fmiiiliiii with nml e.in ox- nc i"l.iiii - hihil at will to any one inleiesled aie made bj the bees whensocwr they deem it neceuyl If a colony loose their queen at a season when theie are no eggs or tin M fiom whidi to tear another they seem in-tinetixely to know that luin ini IK'iids, and they manifest at fust gieat dis licss, but if eggs ate gien them and the means put in their leach to rear another they icdouble then eneigies, new queens aie icaud, and one of them adopted as tlicii mothei while others are destroyed Tlio queens bae an instiiu(io hate for cai hotbei and if hiought in contact fight till one is delio.cd In leaiing ouug qui ens thnlHciwiluaV lear a number, but thoono llrst hatihed alwajs destiojs the otlais befoie tbe uie out of the i ells un less ifstainnl by the bees Tln some times do this in theswaimuig seinon that anew colon.x m.ij haoa leadei. "The qui ens at biith aie callable of la.Miig eggs which pioduce males or (hones, but before the) can deposit the eggs winch will biing foith perfect fe males, (the queens) or linpeifeetly de veloped femalis, (the workeis) thoy must lsifeitihed b, thedione. Thej leae the til w for tins puipo-e, and inlei ionise takes place high in the an natuie is thiswaj proiding against adiuixliiie of blood which would soon muse (be stock to de tinoiate. The doncs having seiwd theii imipiise for a In it f season of the jcur aie dcstio.U'il h, the woikeis 01 die untuiiilly "While limn) hies aie kept together much liiiiiex H s.ied li icstiuting and toutrolling the icaiiug dioncs, and with nhkIciii hives this is easily done "The woikers aie the IhIhiis Thefu'st few weiks of then cm-Iciicc the peifoun the iudooi otlues, tbe aie th( nurses of tlio community, they feed thejoiinglaivie, unpplj the wants of thoquccu, ele.iuso the )ne, sieids the wax mid foun 01 build the cells, mill newt leave the hive except forbnef exercise m Ihebiightsiinat noon Aftei the In -t stage of then exigence is IpismhI thev join the loving baud who gathei houev and pollin lleiicefoith th IiiIku uiii'sNintlv until ihMmvisI h birds oi polish htleiallv vvoin out bv their hd)is Thev g.ithei honev the jiueeof Howeisi pollin the fauna of the dowel's, and proKihs, which is ,t icsinous nutter gathered from tiers and ceitaiu pl.iuts. Wax ii not gathen'd, as main mippnt-o, but isnn animal xtvivtion as tallow or fat. Pollen or the fauna of llowcrs is the main food of the laivie and voung Ives" Hit Magaiue. Transferring Bets- -Best Hive. The "latest impmved" method of trans ferung a method that is tippioved and prucliicd by some of the liost boe-kooors and agricultural vvuters is to allow tho old hive to remain uiuIisIiiiIkiI until the weather is so wium that there is no dan ger of the biood Isiiug chilled when the Imhs are drummed out into an omptv hivo or box, and then shaken down in front of a new lino furninlied with wired framcx tilled with comb foundation The Uica enter and occupy the hive as readily M would a natural cwarin, and if honey is coming in Of it is not the transferring Jiould not I n done), two dav.s after the foundation will Ik drawn out into combs, thoquccu filling thorn with eggs and the liees goring honvy To ilium out lietxs find smoke ihcni, thou invert the hivo and sot an empty hio or box, mouth downward, over the up-turned hive. If tho hixesdonot fit each other perfectly, wind a sheet around them at tho junc ture, or stop up the interstices with .grass or rags, then drum with two sticks or hammer? ujKin the bottom hive for a leriod of twenty minutes. The queen and most of tho bees will ascend and cluter in the upper hive. When a swarm is drummed out it gives up its attachment to the old hive and location, and remains and- works in any location in which it is placid just as though it were a natural swarm. While the old queen is doing her duty in the new hive, filling the nice, straight, Wau tiful worker combs with brood, the old hive is without a queen, and the brood is hatching every day from its crooked, mis shapen combs. In about nine days after the bees are drummed out, tho oldtM queen cell, that tho bees in the old hive have built to pioxide themselves with another mother, will bo nearly icady to hatch, tho biood will all be sealed over, and theie will bo a goodly number of newly hatchid bee. At this time I think it would lie a first rate plan toditim more bees from the old hive and shake them down in front of the new hivc.which they will enter, and help tocare for the lapidly increasinc biood of the old queen. In the old hive these bees would hoof no use, as they are too young to gather honey, and the brood, lieing sailed, would not requiie their care. Tho (humming out of this second lot of bees is not absolutely neces sary, but, when the liee-kieper has time to do so, I think it advisable. In about three weeks from the tinio tho fnt lot of bees was (hummed out all the bees in tho old hive will ho hatched out, and a young queen will have commenced laying, when the bees should be again drummed out from the old hivcthovoimgqueen, which was not reared under favorable cheuni stances, sought out and destroved, and the bees united with those in the new hive. Tho old hive is now heed from bees and biood, and can be knocked to picies, the combs cut out and the honey ex tracted fiom them, when they will be lendeied into beeswax fiom which cm bo manuf.ietined comb foundation In many iipi.uies there me often to to be found in use old, black, ciookul combs, sometimes diono cones at th.it, that should longagoh.no been melted up and whichshould havobeen made into founda tion. I fad this been done thej would now have been good, stiaight, worker combs, and a souiceof piolitto their owners. If increase of stock, instead of the pioduc tion of honey is desired, then the second (humming of the liees can be omitted, and when, at the exniiation of Unco weeks, they aio drummed bom the oldltioubled to know what is the mo-t eco hive, thoy should bo hived in a new hivo furnished with wiie flames filled with comb foundation, the voung queen hunted up and killed, and a good queen bom some other snuice intioduied to the colony. Of comso theie aie cases in which the above method of tiansfeuing would not be advisable. Foi instance- If n bee kccpei should buy a lot of black bees in box hives, and biing them into his Italian apiaiy, he would wish to traiisfei them befoio any diones hatched, an he could then cut out the dione biood and intio ilmii Italian queens, and no black diones would be ic.ueil, If ho should wait until theweathei was so waini that no brood would be i lulled, djones would coitainlv have boon hatched. Again, theie aie many people who have bought a few (olomes in box hives, mid who wish to tiansfcr them to movable comb hives. Thev can bin, or pcilnps make the hive's, but wucil flame-, filled with tomb foundation they cannot, or pcihaps will not, take the tumble to obtain Such poisons us those can di uni out the boos, then split oU'one side of the old hive, cut tho combs out c.uefully and lay them on one sido in a pile The box 01 hive con taining the illumined out ken should be uiisod at one sale to give the bees air,iind when taking the combs fioin the hive the few straggling bees can lm hiuhcd oil' at the mouth of the box, when thoy will enter and join their companions. Xo iiioio combs fhould be tiaiisfeiiod than aio ucccssiiiv. to got all the biood and give the liees a inodoiato allowance of honey, and it may be neeesMry to Use seveial pieces of comb m filling one fianie A frame can be laid upon a board , pieces of comb fitted into the fianie, light, thin pieces of wihhI laid across (he frame and tacked to the side bars then a kwitl laid over the frame of comb, whenkith kianls anil the enclosed baiuo tilled with piece of comb can lie turned ovei The kiard that was under the frame will then be on the top, fiom whence it can k removed ami more strips of wood tacked to the upjK'r sale of tho baine Kach side of tho (tamo will then Ihj furnished with strips of wood, ami as they reach across from side bar to sido bail thev hold the combs in isitioii. When the combs are all fastened in they can k arranged side by sale in the now hive, which should In) placed upon the old stand and the lees shaken from the drumming kix in front of tho line, which thoy will outer and at once proceed to put things to rights In two or three days the conilvs will lo securely fastened, when tlio strips of wood shoiild Ihi removed The kst time to transfer is in the spring, during the first good How of honey. In regard to the best kind of hive. If an apiar.v i to U inn for extracted honey, large hives are all right , but thoy tiro fatal to the profitable production of comb honev, kvaitsothc kvs, having so much room' to store honey in the kvly of the hive, ii ro xer.v slow and reluctant in entei ing and in working in the surplus recep tacle. If wo are. to judge which hivo is the lost hy the kind that is used most, 1 should say that tho ljingstroth lihoistho beat. The 1-uigstroth frame, iw generally WILLAMETTE FAKxMEE: PORTLAND, OREGON, JUNE used is nine and one-eigth inches deep by soventeen and five-eighths inches long, and a hive to hold these need lie nothing more than a simple box without top or bottom, having a rabbet upon the inside of the upper end of the edge pieces upon which to hang the frames. Of cour:j such a hivo requires a cover and a bottom board, but these need bo nothing more than simply cleated boards. The bottom lxiard can be nailed fast, if so desired. Many of the best apiarists use such hives as thi. The Langtroth frame is the best to use when working for comb honey, as the llntnpss nrsb.il owness of the brood chain' lir-r not onlv L'ivcs more room for the honev boxes on top of the hives, but it in duces tlio bees to enter the boxes more readily, as it seems to be the bees' nature to keep their combs in a globular shape. Kight frames in a hive arc better then ten when comb honey is raised. By placing one hive above another, three or even four stories high, such hives as these can be made large enough for storing extracted honey ; in fact, this is exactly the manner in which some of the most successful and extensive producers of extracted honey manage the business Correspondence Country Gentleman. How to Take Care of Harness. A harness that has been on a hor-e's back seveial hours in hot or lainy weather becomes wet; if not properly cleaned, the damage to the leather is irreparable. If, after being taken from the hoise in this condition it is hung up in a careless manner, traces and leins twisted into knots, and the saddle and bridle hung askew, the leather when dried retains the same shape given it when wet. and when foiced into its original form damage is done the stitch ing and the leather. Uie nrst point 10 be observed is to keep the leather soft and pliable. This can bo done by kceji- ing it well chaigcd with oil and grease; water is a destrojer, but mud and the saline moisture fiom the animal are even more destructive. Mini in drying absorbs tho grease and opens the poies ot the leather, making it a piey to water, while the salty ehaaacter of theperspiia tion bon the animal injures the leather, stitching and mountings. It therefore follows that, to piesono the harness, the stiaps should be washed and oiled whonevci they have been moistened by sweat or soiled by mud. If the harness is thoioughly cleaned twice a ear, and when undiilv" exposed treated as we have recommended, the leather will letain its softness and strength for a great many veais Exchange. Timber for Railroad Ubob. The nioistuio of tho soils in the South, s.vys the National Car Builder, is very de structive to woods employed as the bed for railway tiack, and manageis have been nomical method for obviating loss lesult ing from this cause. Creosoting has been icsoited to. Several woiks with laigo capital have been established in St. Louis for tlio treatment of wood by the creosote piocess, and in Texas tho ticatment has been applied along the lines as constiuc t ion was pushed forward. This method, however, is consideietl lather expensive. Some lailway men have concluded that the ailantus and catalpa will prove to be tlio cheapest and most duiable wood for tie and biidgo timbers One company, whose toad extends chilly over pr.iino lands, is having a laigo plantation seeded foi these tries in equal piopoitions. Both the eatalp.i and ailantus aio leadily prop agated from the seed, and bear seed pods abundantly. Another company, whose load onteis Texas, is iiuauging to plant several liunied acies of thcsetiees in that State. I'ven tho lion Mountain Com pany, that probably ow us more heavily timbered land than any other in the country, haseontiacted for the cultivation of a eatalp.i faun near one of its stations in Missouri. On this road are catalpa ties that weie laid nearly fifteen years ago and aie appaiently as sound as ever. It is authenticated that in Southern Ohio, wheie one species of eatalp.i is indigenous, theie aio posts and timbers of this wood tliat have been in the giountl a full cen tury and vet show no signs of decay. Although the ailantus is an uuKirt.ttiou from China, still it and the catalpa seem to find soils of Missouri, Arkansas and Texas just what they leqiino to thrive upon Kins County Assessment. Tor tlio first time King county takes the lead in tlio matter of property and wealth, hnviug matlo a bound forward in the past year almost, if not wholly unexampled ia the history of old established communities in any patt of tho Union. Tho progress of the coun try has been marked during the past four years, each succeeding year, however, gaininp on the year preceding) 1830 over 1879 about 0 per cent; 1SS1 ovor ISSO about 14 per cent; Ksy.' over 1SSI about 50 per cent; and now lhs: over ISS- the enormous mcrease of about 150 per cent I These assertion and figures are not wild or even approximate estimates, but they are from the records, from the assess ment rolls of the current vcar and the tour jeara preceding, and are entitled to full credence. The exact figures of the assessments of tho property in the county for each of the yean refirred to look so well that we cannot re frain from giving the reader a glance at them! Assessments 1870, 51.07,679; 1BS0, 2,. l'J0,S35i 1SSI, f-s.V."03s ISSi, $3,65,663; lfcSJ, $S,S01,'JOO. This is a bater exhibit than tho most sanuiue had anticipated. All looked for a gaiu over last year of 25 per cent., some few for 50, but a msjority for about 331. Th idea of going up 150 per cent, in a single twelvemonth almost takes away ourbnatli. Auother jump in the next year like that iu the past, uiul King county, the chief couuty in Washington Territory, will pass Mulno. mah county, the chief county in Oregon, and every county in California except that of San Krauciscp. t. A pint of the finest ink for families or schools ran u inane irom a icn-cem package of Diamond Dye. Try them. nr 0utirii the BEAtmrrn. valley of chehalis. In a late tssua of the Seattle Pott-Intelligence we find the followinp readable and truthful description of the Chebalis county. The aketch is by Governor William A. Newell, of Washington Territory. The Governor says : I comply cheerfully with your request for an account of my recent journey to the Chebalis valley and country. Chehalis county lies midway between the Columbia and the Straits of Fucaj has an ocean frontajre of sixty miles two-fifths of the entire coast line ot the lernwry; exiezus eastward fifty miles to a point near Puget Sound; runs 85 miles north and south.reach ing within eight miles of the Columbia, and contains about 3,000 square miles, or 1,500,000 acres. The surface is somewhat mnnntainnus. but is mainly hilly or level. The mountains and hills are covered all over with forest trees, white and blact nr, ceaar, hnmlnoU .ind anruce. with an occasional dis trict of cottonwood, all of immense size; the level portion consists of prairie and river val ley lands, which latter are covered, where not already cleared, with dense growths of cottonwood, vine maple, ald;r and elder. Near and about Gray's Harbor, and up the rhnhalin river, tide crass land is found in most luxurious and almost constant vesela tion. The forests thicken as you travel to wards the sea, and the trees assume immense proportions. Many single trees will cut 30,000 feet of lumber each. An expert em ployed by a mill company recently estimated some scctionsas capableof yielding 25,000,000 to 40,000,000 feet each. The main supply of spruce is upon the rivers flowing from the north. The fiber of the fir is unusually com pact, and so fine of grain as to make it diffi cult to find the annual rings without a magni fying power. Hemlock, rare elsewhere upon the coast, abounds in alt these regions The present and prospective x alue of all this Um ber is beyond reasonable computation. Simp son Brothers hsve established a saw mill of 75,000 feet capacity at the outlet of the Ho quiam, upon low lands fully reclaimed by dyking and draining, thus redeeming a large tract of otherwise useless land for buildings, and demonstrating the facility of rescuing nlher extensive reeions of similar characteris tics throughout the Territory. All this has been accomplished under the management of Mr. Emerson. I observed several forest clear ings under cultivation, being well in grass, growing good fruit trees and grain. Most of it is capable of producing as well as the ad joining county of Lewis, famous for its fer tility and crops where the timber has been removed. The most desirable land for aeri cultural and grazing purposes lies upon the river valleys, where the sod is deep, mouldy, strong, fertile, exhaustless and level. Once cleared of the thi'k growth which encumbers it there is no end to its productive capacity for wheat, oaU, hops, onions, potatoes and other vegetables, fruits, and for all that I could learn to the contrary, of tobacco and broom corn. It is chiefly adapted tn grazing purposes, and large dairies are already estab lished upon sure foundations, one of which I inspected with great satisfaction as indicating the important and profitable industry which is to characterize the valley. Reliable resi dents assured me that thereisnotle's thantwo thousand linal miles of such alluvial forma tions whi:h can accommodate and enrich with necessary clearings of the forests, many thousands of families. hsve no desire to have timber land cleared for farming purposes only, at wanton sacrifice of lumber, its vslue heinff much creater in the orieinal condition. A. J. Smith, a long time resident, assured me that he has an enclosure of red clover in full vigor, which was seeded by himself twenty- tojr years ogo; a isct which m suiiiiao Eastern farmers, who cannot continue it for three years without upheval and destruction by frost. White clover is irrepressible w herever sunshine has access to the sod. Iron, coal and sandstone aro found in the vicinity of the Black Hills and elsewhere. Tho climate is mild and pleasant in winter, but httlo snow falls, but littlo ice forms and livo Btock can stand all ordinary seasons with out shelter or fodder. Many cattle aro turned out at the middle of October upon tho lot toms and title grass lands to be returned in the spring whin the butter making season begins. The rainfall is not excessive and is never cold or blasting in its effects. The summer season is Hand and mild, always cool and refreshing, especially in the night time, a peculiarity incident to the Sound country, and produced by tho trade winds from the south, tempered by the snow tops of the mountain ranges; the perturbations of the atmosphere by the influx and efilux of the tide waters of Puget Sound, all tinctured ami improved by the pure, healthful pine aroma of the forests. The Bea breezes are es pecially noticeable as vou near the ocean. Uutler these benign influences people enjoy l'oo.1 health, and live stock, horses, cattle, sheep, swine and poultry prosper and thrive. The sheep never scab, the fleece is heavy and soft. Several villages aro established, with pros pect of growth Montesano, Elms, Oakv.lle and Cosmopolis, which promise to be prosper ous centers of trade. Numerous school houses nud churches of various denominations are established, and a newspaper, which is well and ably conducted, has quickly ac quired a largo circulation and influence. The water system of the Chehalis country is remarkable for extent and utility, rarely equalled, nowhere surpassed, permeating every portion alike. Chief of all is the Che halis river, which extends through its head tributary, Black river and lake, eastward nearly to the Sound, with an average depth of thirty ftet, forty five miles up from the ocean. Steamers have penetrated its course for sixty miles. It is sufficiently wide for convennnt navigation, deep, free from every kind of obstruction, never freezes, bordered with fore ta of perennial verdure, closing to its very edge and oft times ov ernkngijur its pure, clear waters. The river presents a scene of enchanting beauty, wonderful to be hold. A hundred miles northward from the Olympic range descend innumerable streams, w hich concentrate into rivers, emptying into the Chehalis equidistant from each other, ten miles and at right angle, the Satsop, the Wiuoocha, the uh-Ka, the Hoquiamsnd the Umptutup, which, with the Jons and Elk flowini' in from the south, roll their fierce waters into the placid bosom of their common highway to the ses. The beauty of these streams is astonishing to the traveler, ca peciallythe Wiuoocha, which is for a long distance uniform in width and depth, with a geutle fall and quiet ripple to its limpid cur rents. These lateral streams are nav igable to some extent, which might be greatly in. creased, but are chiefly valuable for shooting logs with lightning speed from the bound ltss forrtU which border on their shores, Gray's Harbor is the great reservoir which re ceives these waters, an inland sea of triangu lar formation fourteen miles long by ten wide upon the ocean, narrow ed to an iulet of one mile, formed by the spit of sandy beach which jut down from the north, auj the peninsula frem the south. Near to the inlet it the bar, which is quite unchangeable, on which the soundings iudicate t wen tv -four feet at mean low water and forty at highest tide, The 8, 1883. channel from this point to the harbor proper is three and one-half miles long, ai an times not less than forty feet deep, straight and per- .. . -.1 !J. L I..I. ai.rf petualiy wauea on enner oiuo uy mgu . breakers which always denote the danger of the shoal". Beyond, water of various depth from forty to sixty feet is found at many points, where anchorage Is safe. A good haven is formed by the southern spit, which shields from the ocean winds; a protection which is increased by several small islands in that locality. Bold but not inaccessible bluffs abound along tbe southern shore at and about Paine's Point, where the water is nearly thirty feet. My figures as to depth of water areobtained from eafaring men well informrd. lhe United States Coast Survey rervice is at this time engaged at making a new survey of the harbor, which will enable us to know the precise measurement of every part. Neither the Chehalis river nor the harbor are frozen and tho great influx of fresh water prevents the ravages of the toredo, or any barnacles, which advantages, with others, point to this locality as suitable for the navy yard sooner or later to be provided for the Pacific Coast. All of these waters abound in shell and other .u in naif vnnfr.v. And m inv Bea ntter are caught in the harbor. Especially not ceable is Peterson's Point, tho northern extremity of the southern spit, with beautiful undulations of surface covered with Diacupineoi vigor ous growth, the seeds from which they sprang with the gold bearing sands hereabouts hav ing been whirled to their deposit by the cur ,.! nt thn Columbia and the sta from be yond the mountains. Tho rank vegetation of fruit and vegetable growth, the long, level and spacious driveway of hard, ssndy beach, all contribute to make the place a most eligi ble locality for summer resort, and a com mercial city. Much valuable territory lies south of Chehalis county, containing Shoal Water Bay an inland sea of large propor tionsextending to the Columbia and Pacific front, which with that portion lying north of Chebalis county between the sound, sea and straits, it is my intention to visit it at an early day, much of which is at this time unsurveyed and unexplored. Natural Resources of tne Columbia Blver Valley, rrom Alnsworth to Priest Rapids, W. T. J. E. Gatenbein, in the Goldeodale Gazette, writes as follows : This country comprises about 300,000 acres of land of which little has hitherto been known, we mitjht almost say, only to the Indian and stockmen, who are the owners of many bands of horse and cat tle and whose object is always to discourage the emigrant, as it serif usly interferes with their grazing herds. When they were asked about the quality of the soil, etc., they would invariably pronounce it a barren deseit, fit only for grazing. This valley lies on both sides of the Colum bia river, is from three to twenty miles w ido by 85 miles long, and lies a little above high water. The minimum altitude being 337 feet and the maximum altitude not over 500 feet above the level of the sea. This valley is the only area in Etstern Washington and Ongon that lies so low. The climate is the mildest in tho winter and by 10 degrees hotter in the summer, the season between frosts is long; in 18S1 it was six months and ten days, in 1S82 five months and eleven days season was very backward all over the coast. The soil is ci.v- ered with sage brush and bunch grass and is mostly composed ot a sandy loam, by many considered a sediment deposited there by the ancient CnlumI5!a river. This valley is especially adapted for fruit and vegetable raising, also small fruits; in fact almost anything that can be raised north of the semi-tropical regions can be raised here. Most everytning can oe raisoa w unoun irrigation, especially all kinds of grain, but to raise vegetables and start all kinds of fruit trees the first year, it is highly practical to have irrigation; after the first year roots will go down deep enough to seek their on moist urn. In the spring of 1881, Mr. F. Shuneman put out a lot of trees in Aiusworth; that year he watered and cared well for tho trr es and last year they received no water at all, save that which fell from the clouds. They made crowth nil the way from three and a half fett to eleen feet, which would be hard to beat even in the moit fertile portions ofCali fornia. t Water is found in abundance by digging from 15 to 20 feet through soil and then through wash gravel in w Inch the water is found, we having no bedrock to contend with. The water can be hoisted for irrigation by steam or wind power as the greater portion of the season we are blessed with a w esterly breee a true blessing for this country as it brings moisture with it which comes from Puget Sound, over the Cascade mountains which makes it practical to use wind power. The writer of this has a wind mill which in a fair breee furnishes 3,000 gallons per hour. The rain fall last season was twelve inches. Wood for fencing and fuel can easily be gath ered on the Columbia river, down which great quantities of wood float every summer. Logs ana lumoer can ue saieiv raucu uuwu me Columbia, Yakima and Snake rivcr, also brought by rail, but the former is everyone's highway and cannot be monopolized by one company. Ainsworth, which is destined at no distant future to become an important center, is located between the Snake and Columbia rivers, at the confluence of the two rivers, situated at the head of the described valley and the center of about 400 miles of steam boat navigation, as follows : From here down the Columbia river to Celilo, 121 miles; up the Columbia to Priest Rapids, 85 mile; up the Snake about 150, and for small crafts 50 miles; up the Yakima, which empties into the Columbia ten miles above here. It is safe to predict that as soon as demantl calls for it, steam crafts will ply these rivers and gather the products from their shores and csrry them to some central market; also we have already railroad connection with Portland, Oregon, and Walla Walla, and this coming summer will have connection with the Atlantic coast, and the N. P. K. R., proposes to build a rail road from here to the Sound through the Cas cade mountains, which will bring us within about 200 miles of the Sound. The reader may question where can the market be found for the fruit from so large a valley. This can easily be answered. In the first place, from here to St. Paul, Minn., there is no more fruit country found, except for app'ea and a few morn hardy fruits, and second, along the K. P. R. R. between the two above points, there are millions of acres of magnificent grain lands; this country will soon become settled end to a great extent these people will purchase our fruits. This valley, as soon as the Cascade division of the N. P. R. R is completed, will naturally fur nish Puget Sound with melons and tomatoes, as Seattle can have them 24 hours after they are picked, while it takes them three days to receive the same from San Francisco; then we will receive coal and lumber in return. We all hope for a speedy completion of the Cascade division. In conclusion I would advise those who may desire to change their homes to give this valley a isit before locating elsewhere. Lady Beautifum. Ladies you cannot make fair akin, rosy cheeks, and sparkling ejei with all the cosmetics of France or beau- j liners oi mo wonu, wnue in poor nraun, strength and beauty as II op Bitters. Atrial is certain proof. A.ROBERTS, .... SUCCESSOR TO.... FISHEL & ROBERTS, Cor. Klrst andAld'er Sts, PortUnd, Ore. THE LEADING Clothier, Merchant Tailor, And Hatter. OF OREGON, Guarantees to sell lhe very best CLOTHING tor less Money than any other house in the state. Juneltf T HE GREAT CURE RHEUMATISM- .4a it 1 for all the painful dlieawa of tiia KIDNEYS.LIVER AND BOWELS. It Qle&niea tho vitem of tLe acrid Dotvoa that causes tho dreadful suffering which only the victims of ttheumatiim can realin THOUSANDS OF CASES of tha wont forma of this terrible dlaeoM hATa been nuleltlv relieved, and In short time PERFECTLY CURED. If PRICE, 1. IIQIIDOU DRY, 801 D HY DRUGGISTS.! WXLIS.EICHARDSOM&Co .BurllnfftonVt urv can im) seiii uj iuiui. fCTTOalgp PRi2l1 tlTSHED'l845 7HFRSTYEASrOR BAKING POM VfRMENTUX TS PUMTrWD WRENGrHALWMS MAINTAINS! THE MOST ECONOMICAL BREAD PREPARATION MADE. S250 WILL BUY SAW MILL Yet OireriHl for the Money. J3-Send for Circular. RICHMOND MACHINE WORKS, BICHHOND, 1MI Dana's White UetaJJlo Ear Marking Label, Mamped to order with came, or came and address and num bers. It la reliable, nbeap and convenient. Sells as sight and gives pt-.fect satisfaction. Illustrated frUcUst and camples free. .Agents wac I. C. II. DANA, West Lebanon, N. H. USE KOSE PILLS lEZfcTGKinSriESI RELIABLE, DURABLE ft ECONOMICAL mf Will fnrnlih s Horse rower with on, third less fuel and water than an? other Engine built, cot fitted with an antomatU cut-off. H. P. GREGORY Jfc CO., A-Sfonts, No. 5 North Front St., Portland, Or. PUT THIS OUT vita TZX CmIa, t4 jrtjM rcal H aV tLaaW1 fey mll,GlWmBoiftt'Oo(lt,Ui4 wllUriBf yU bm mt la Om MmI lata !( tto la Aawrtoa. Atatv tot darlatal. U. , Its GrMawtoa St, Nw Yw RAILROAJ) LANDS. Liberal Terms, Low Prices, Lcng Time, Low Interest. OREGON AND CALIFORNIA RAILROAD COMPACT OFFER TOKIR LANDS FOR SALE UPON TBI following liberal terms: One-tenth ol the price in cash; Interest on tho balance at the rate of aeren per cent one yeaf alter sale, and each following year one- tenth ol the principal aad lntereat on the 1 oaian rai oi aeren per ctni per annum Interest parable In U. 8. Currenc- rat ol aeren per cent per annum. Both principal and wrest parade in u. a. currency A discount ol ten per cent wtU be allowed for cash. Letters ahould be addreaaed ts PAUL SCHULZE. Land Agent, OsCRR, PortUnd, Oregon. TELESCOPES MmsWMMst. Ovr CItUMa aHMTa -, Aaowcr ! tmaUsTf aad OvwpoWa. Mintuacnir.ru' jjih Urbeati t or llfiui Mr-bena tor lUiutrai Lleel ft-lood CautfaViaew fnn- BBiTOnTalCTllflrfflB5 A i'W1
