xufs ;,-
v.
H- r
i
VI
I .'
'-ri- Ajsg m' "jhi.' fj;,'" fsM"', v-vri 'v
WtLLAMKTTE FARMER: PORTLAND, OREGON. JUNE 1. 18PS.
'
Bsmaaa Treatannt of Boraas
Don't build the manger go high as to
render it unnatural arid therefore painful
for the horse to eat from it. Remember
horse is a grazing animal, constructed
to eat food from the ground. When the
head is down near to the surface of the
earth, the swallowing muscles are in posi
tion to do their work, but when the head
is raised four or five feet high the mus
cles are restricted in their action. What
ia supposed to bo gained by mangers in
the development of high nock and shoul
ders is moro than lost in tho depressed
back or "saddle-bock" of tho unnatural
elevation of tho head. Tho bottom of tho
manger ought not to bo abovo tho
horse's knees, or, what is better, never moro
than one foot from the floor. Tho manger
should bo two feet deep measuring from
the top and about two feet four inches
wide at the top. Make tho feed box at tho
bottom of the manger.
Make the floor of the stall even instead
of descending from tho manger toward
the rear, and ubc better and moro absorb
ents. In so doing you not only s ave tho
most valuable part of the fertilizing pro
duct of tho horse, but you removo the
strain of standing with his hind feet
lower than the forward ones. When at
rest in the pasture tho horse chooses to
stand with his forward feet lower than his
hind feet ; this ho does to throw tho cen
ter of gravity nearer to the fore legs and
shoulders, by which the projecting head
and neck are balanced by tho rear portion
of the body.
Don't groom your horse while eating,
especially when eating his grain. If you
doubt tho wisdom of this suggestion try
something similar yourself. While you
are taking your breakfast let some one
shampoo your hair. You aro sure either
to stop eating or stop the shampooing. It
is an unwise practice to use either curry
comb or brush when the horse is eating.
Let him have his food without being dis
turbed. Men do this stupid thing with
the idea that it saves time. It might save
time to drive the horse to his daily work
without riving him any food. Tho horse
wants clean food and drink. Nothing is
clean where a hen goes. Hens ought to
be kept away from the horses, not only
from fouling their food, but from commu
nicating lice. These parasites are difficult
to remove from norses wncn once tney gei
unon them.
Don't work a horse all day upon tho
farm and at night turn him out to pick
up a scanty supper when he should bo
resting in the stable after eating. All that
a horse demands for his services is rest,
food and drink, and he is cruel who denies
these. There is economy in keeping
working teams in the stable at night,
where they can bo regularly fed and are
always ready for use. Don't scrimp the
allowance of suitable food ; give him all
he needs of hay and grain to keep him in
tmrA condition : it is for the profit of the
owner. One dollar saved is $2 lost in work.
Don't stuffa horse with hay and withhold
corn or oats. Less fodder and more teed
will be much better both for the horse and
the owner. .
Don't allow your horse to suffer with
cold when a little repairing of tho stable
or blanketing would make him comforta
ble. The hardening process of making
horses stand in cold stables without
bankets is hard hearted. A stable so cold
that tho manure freezes solid is too cold
for th'o good of the horse. If these sug
gestions are heeded by persons owning or
using horses, the writer will have the
thanks of thousands of misused horses, if
only they could say : We thank you.
Michigan Farmer.
Handling, Young Stock.
I have read, with much interest, your
remarks in the February number, page
63, upon "Winter Education in the Sta
ble "a heading, by the by, which made
me turn over to see whether I had not got
into tho Horse Department, as we in Eng
land, call only the horse stalls the stables,
and tho dwelling of our cows, heifers and
calves, the brye, shippon, or cow-house,
and the loose-box. As a practical mana
, gerof stock, I can testify that the hand-
ling you advocate is musk wi "
I would add to your suggestions about
tho heifer's udder just this: That tho
milkmaid or herdsman who attends to the
heifer about the time of calving, and milks
her constantly afterwards, should devote
especial care to tho fore quarters of tho
udder. These being a little more difficult)
to milk than the hind quarters, the milk
not running as free as from the latter, are
often neglected; the milker does that
which he finds the easiest to do, and en
courages the flow of milk to the hinder
parte of the udder. From this cause we
see so many unshapely udders, deep be
hind and shrunk in front, and the yield
in mUk is absolutely less than when the
foreparts are trained to contribute their
fab-share. The fore qaV "lliw
milked firstand " stripped ' last, especially
in a young heifer, although it is we 1 not
to neglect the matronly cow in this ro-
"have known serious accidents .happen
to heifers in traveling, from neglect of
handling and haltering at ".:
mnd bulls become permanently and un
governably vicious from want of attention
SdX herdsman's frequent conmamon
Bhip. But in all the very neccessary
"handlings," I would forbid the use of tho
stick! & heifers and bulls are amen
able to kindness judicious y exercised. I
never knewit to faivenwithanunaUncg
lected until they are half P"n!dZ0
aoquer.tly very excitable and wild. Cau
Sua approaches with flmm-nl gen
Oenessrwill enable a man to Bftl
I...I .. mnt hv. nrovided tnai
KS5SiJBS
arSSKT3iita-iU"-
chock Journal, liorap
Farm Account.
An important difficulty in keeping ac
curate farm accounts lies in tho fact that
there are many expenses which are not
easy to classify or charge against any par
ticular crop. Such items can only be de
ducted from tho final showing of profits
at tho end of a year. In striking a bal
ance with each crop separately sometimes
an apparent profit is shown, yet it is quite
rare to find the supposed gain in ready
cosh at tho end of tho final accounting.
A little thought will convinco each farmer
that thero are many little unnoted items
of expense and loss which detract from
the apparent gains on tho farm. Thus in
all northern sections a largo proportion of
tho hay, straw and coarse fodder, besides
some corn and oats which were harvested
in tho fall, have been consumed in tho
feeding of stock of various kinds, and
which it was necessary to keep for the
proper working of the farm. Tho keen
of a team of horses may cost the farmer
from $2oU to $300 per year, rating the ex
pense of feed at tho ruling market price,
and unless the farm is so managed that
it gives employment to tho horse labor
during most of tho year, much of this out
lay must prove a clean los and must be
deducted from the apparent profits in
other branches of farm economy.
To tho credit of the unworked team
there is, to bo sure, a small item in the
manure pile as an offset to the hay and
grain fed out, yet if this, too, is half
wasted in its management, as is too often
tho case, the farmer would be better off
to dispose of his team and hire by the day
such service as ho requires. Observation
shows that there are many farms which,
from their limited area or want of thor
ough tillage, do not warrant the expense
of keeping a team, yet we can find but
few owners of such farms who are ready
to admit this as one cause of their want
of success, though they are ever ready to
complain that they cannot make both
ends meet. If a careful account of the
cost of keeping and the returns of each
farm animal were kept thero would soon
bo a general clearing out of such old and
worthless stock as is now kept only be
cause it cannot be sold at 'a profit. A poor
inferior animal is dear even at a gift if it
must be kept and fed. When it requires
good management to mako the choicest
animals pay a percentage of profit over
the expenses, there certainly can be no
gain in feeding tho poorest stock.
The same principle holds true respect
ing farm crops. Very few farmers can
state with any degree of certainty which
of their crops pay a profit and which do
not. They grow certain crops from mo
tives of habit and tradition because their
fathers did so before them or because
their neighbors set tho example Particu
lar crops are raised from their certainty of
yielding money receipts, yet the actual
cost is seldom regarded. If such cash
crops demand in their production eth
hand and team labor of tho whole farm,
together with most of the man ire on the
place, then oftentimes the profit therefrom
ia sprinnslv reduced or oerhans wined out
altogether. It is this absence of close cal
culation that has been the ruin of thous
ands of farmers. Not knowing where to
look for the leaks in their business man
agement, they aro often unablo to check
the errors until tho most serious conse-
niionces have occurred. The more accu.
rate accounts of the merchant and tho
manufacturer enable them to determine
which branch of business yields the most
profit and which thero is the greatest need
to abandon.
Tho present season, just before enter
ing upon the summer campaign, is an ex
cellent time for tho farmer to mako an
inventory of his real and personal prop
erty. An annual practice of this nature
would soon detcrmino the actual profit or
loss of the business, and lead tho fanner
to select such stock or such crops as
showed tho best returns in their manage
ment. It is worth some trouble to ascer
tain just what property is scattered over
tho farm. Somo of tho shrew dest farmers
Jn tiA pnnntrv have a clearance sale every
few years at auction of old tools, imple
ments, wagons and tne iikc, uuy www mm
take a fresh start. Others, less shrewd,
are always on hand at such auctions to
.rothm. iin that which thev are pleased to
denominate as bargains. Possibly there
are a sufficient number of exceptions to
confirm the rule, but it rarely pays to buy
or use anything at second-hand. An old
wagon may and probably will give out
just at tho time when labor is scarcest
and when crops are most in need of being
gathered into tho barns. Tho failure of
an old reaper at tho critical time of har
vest may causo loss sufficient to buy a
new one, that with proper care will be just
as good after tho first harvest as before it
uZ, w imvft nen farmers market an
entire crop of grain in bags which would
wasieenougu m bu'"b " ---
chase new ones three nmes over, xi
farmer's business is mado up of a succes
sion of small items, and it is only by at
tention to these innumeraoie ueimia w
it can bo made a success. iuj -
work with extravagant expecta
tions of profits, which for a time he may
believe he ii realizing, but if he does not
attend to the minor details, if ho does not
keep an accurate account muiii
mals and his crops, his failure is only a
question of time.
CraiwHlu Caretf.
An oldpby.icrrt.red from prie..
liad iMtti in aim iuui wi -
SM. hs fornmUof "-pto-J
ble remeay iw . ..7 r r-" .
curs lor y'r"' ". w - '.wi,.
ACME PULVERIZING HARROW,
CLOD CRUSHER AND LEVELER.
L J- "iVS- ..Wt4r,5reiaWrCrWaW?aVaWaWaWffiWaWaWaWfi7aWaWaWMHZr:WaWaWaWIWaWaWaWr
.9.':f.ffKft?nB35jinti-iHt2tou-rMIBfr
iz&rw&bri&jfe&sy
Weighs much less than any other Pulverizing Harrow; Sells at
about one-third less, and withal, does the best work
of Any.
ti. im,E k.K.t .hiu ... mm tfcnntifh nvirtlr! teita In mil sections of the country, ind has it
taint d a wide snr.ad DGtralarltv. it has been rroren to be adapted to a great variety ol soils, and U the but
implement of iu class ) et prodnccd. S"Wlll ext-rmlnate Wild Oats better than any other Implement made.
Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Priee-uat.
J. I.
CASE THRESHING MACHINE COMPANYS ENGINES,
THRESHERS, HEADERS AND SAW MILLS.
Studebaker Farm and Spring Wagons, Buggies & Carriages.
AND AtSO THE
J. I. Case Plow Company's Sulky and Walking Plows, Cultiva
tors ana narrows.
HOOsIEK SKEBEK8, DKIUS AND SULKY HAY RAKE.
208 to 214 Front St., foot of Salmon, Portland, Oregon.
Gen'l Agents Oregon. Washington k Northern Idaho.
Oregon Railway and Naviga
tion Company.
OCEAN DIVISION.
Between San Francises) and Portland.
Leaving Ban Franelico at 10 a. V.
Columbia.
Apr 8
April 31
Hay 3
Hay 15
Hay 27
State of
California.
April
April 18
April 0
May ia
Hay 24
Oregon.
I Uneen
of the
Pacific
April S April 12
April IS April 24
April t;Uay 8
Hay 8Mav 18
Hay 11 Hay SO
Leave Portland at 18 00 o'c ock, Midnight.
April 2
April It
April 86
uay a
U.y 20
April.
April.
May.
Uaj .
nay .
....11
....231
.... 6
....17
A
Arril.,
Hay..
Hay..
May...
11.
API
April
April
M,y-
uay ,
Through Ticket told to all point In the United
Staten, Canada and Europe.
RAILROAD DIVISIONS.
On and i ter Harcn 18, IMS
LEAVE: Portland at 7:20 A. M.; Alblna at 800 A. II.
ARRIVE: at AlblnaS 40P.M.; Portland at 7.00P. M.
Portland and Astoria, Fast Time.
STB. WIDE WEST,
T EAVES PORTLAND AT B A. H., RETURNING
8 i iu...irfAii.iii p M . Hmllv. Hunt Wednea
day'.. Portland Pauenger can go on board after
8J0P.M.
MIDDLE COLUMBIA, WILLAMETTE AMD
YAMH1IX KIVEK DIVISION.
Im. Pnrtl&nil I I I I
for IMon. Tuee. Wed.Thnr
Dalle and Upper
uoiumDia-....
AatoriaandLow
er Columbia...
Dayton
Victoria, B.C....
Cornllii and In.
termedlate pt
7 AM
SAM
7 AH
SAM
SAM
irri.1
Sat.
7 AM .7 AM
8 AM
SAM
n'M
7 AM
7 AM
a AM
8AM
JAM
7AM
SAM
7AM
8AM
7 AM
8AM
s'a'm
EUROPEAN STEAMSHIP TICKETS.
Conference Rates.
Ticket aold to and from all rurt of Europe : to and
from all point of Oreron. Waehinirton. Idaho and
Montana at ti really deduced and LowealPoc
little Kate orer the following line :
North German Lloyd Steamship Co.,
Hamburg American Packet Co..
White Star Line Steamship Co.,
Red Star Line Steamship Co.,
American Line Steamship Co.
Apply personally or by letter to
OldendorfT, Harrey As Leahy. Agents
No. 10 Washington street,
(National Bank Bulldlnc),
O. Box (8 Portland, Oregon
TEN OREGON PAPERS
Descriptive of Oregon scenery.
Oregon Towns. Oregon Farms,
Oregon Homes and ot
Oregon Methods of
Making a
Living.
A conelaeaad trallifai view of the aBalr
ef every 4ay lire and the chance for bnalnn
In thl far away Weatern state, aaeolored by
the Influence of railway land eontpaale er
real eatate ipeenlator.
Bonad In pamphlet form of 188 donble
panes. Illnitrated with 138 Boely exeealed
crayon, picture..
Price f 1 per copy. Mailed post-paid to any
country on receipt of price.
Address t
D. H. STEARNS, Portland, Or.
CH A8. H. DODD & CO.
SUOOIMOM TO HAWUV, dodo CO.,
Front, First and Vine Sta., PORTLAND, OREGON,
IMPORTERS OF
"HEL&SJD-WJSlSJEL, -QR02ST AJfcTT) Bl'HHI i.
!Ss
AND
ami-- -
FARM MACHINERY. jfe
wo are sole A fern lor tne iouowini ijcioDrMcu implement
A4 VbI 0W
BUCKEYE ON THE ROAD. BUCKEYE RXA7XB.
These machines are too welt known to need comment Thousand of tannen herehaTf
them, and all ipeak or them with praise. They are ia eTery way tne m ptu uun ox
Machine. We are also Sole Agents of the
--- MaSSftSlBKULuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuur9
3KEBKKHBm-tlmJaWWMUmT - S -raBmoaatabssnw
TWINE
.v . -- . r -. --. ; . rr-.- r -i.- - .i .t- : . : :.-. i.
I tne Appieoy mine Binder, ana comoine aii war, is excellent ana wi
rol
Solo Aunt (or tne
etc a auare ot the pubfle patron. It hu bee
any Improvements hare been added for IK,
Binding Harruttr in ttovortd. WoaroalM!
BELF-BIN D
It I a combination ot the B
tnat ia exeeiiftnt ana
It has been thoroughly JM
ana a vow one
bIiI
3WT t.8H
Ml
THE BUCKEYE
The Buckeye Binder made It lint appearance In 181.
!iurester ana me Appieoy j
ninny Binders that seek a alia
i.irvest fields, and many
luostlon the bett Self-Hi
CANTON PITT THRESHErl, ON1TOH UNIIMsT FARM MaUNB,
Haines' Genuine Headers, Schuttler Farm Wagon, John Dstra Molina Hi.
tvr Snnl for Special Circular and Price JAtU
Sole Agents for HAISH BARBED WIRE Best in wi
rW fm MjiJLM sB M b1 r JUBf. '
C.II.DODD & CO., Front, First A Ylne 8ts Portland, Oregon.
Established In 1857.
G. Shindler & Co.,
FURNITURE & CARPET DEALERS.
166 AND 168 FIRST, AND 167 AND 169 FRONT STREETS. : PORTLAND, OREGON.
Are thoroughly prepared to furnish throughout at short nolle. -
HOTELS, BOARDING HOUSESJPRIVATE RESIDENCES
AND STEAMBOATS.
A. L. MAXWELL,
Ticket agent O. B. ft N. Co.
JOHNMUIR, J , ,
Snp.rint.nd.ntof(Tr5ffle.EEaoOTT
Ifanawl
REMOVAL.
THE OREGON SEED DEPOT
We hare found found It necessary to secure larger
quarters to accommodate our continually
INCREASING BUSINESS.
So we have leased one of those fine new stores', on
Beuind street, corner ot Solmon, where we will he
pleased to meet all of our old and new customers.
Mew Seed now arriving. Send lor Cato
logae jastoat. Bent FBEK on Application.
jaol8mS MILLER BR08.
mEgs
5 Washington Street, Portland.
Doe all kind of Printing at reasonable rate.
HORSE BILLS!
mn
A SPECIALTY AT
IS SEASON OF THE TEAR.
Address:
GEO. H. HIMES,
IHE PRINTER PORTLAND, OR
Omarlrn
Oao. P. Lurr. I A. J. Toon.
NotaryPobllc
J aim C. XoGuw
Notary Public
thma nd all Throat an.! Lung affection,
nTMMtireand radical euro for Nerirooi
rilhuitrt all Nervoo. CompUinU, after
w.;n TtertediUwoiirlerfnl enratir powecs
toSsMSallas. haa Ml I bu duty to
make U Sown tT hi .offering felf-rwa.
TnatedbVtbia totie and a desire to roller.
A irnY I "u ssnrl freeof charga to all who
deeS'thU rrfin Germ.TFr.peb or
iffiu -itb fall dVUtion. for tr.r-nfand
3 Sent br mail by addreeewg with
Fosrer'a Block,
Lent, McGrew Young.
REAL ESTATE AGENTS.
Corbett's Fire Proof Livery
Hack & Feed Stable.
Corner 2d and Taylor Streets, Portland, Oregon.
It, B. MAGOOK, Prop.
mELEPHONE NO. .. -Hacks
I Nus. 11, J2, 23, 24, 26, 20, 17.
Orders for Hacks and Bagg'ffe wagons
.promptly attended to day or night.
0TaPMwBBsWawBrSE3BsWaWry
apwajafATafATSI
....AT SUCH....
LOW PRICES
A wen nerer before ord.
BttaaJonsJfMdMTroanJItVDjmrdj
rarlorjjjjjyjjajjftjlowyjid
THE HOUSEHOLD TREASURE.
ipreelati
F.bStt
suut tee It to be appreelated. Call for It.
i
OEO. A. MOORE, President.
J. N. PATTON, Secretary.
J. B. CONGLE,
110 Front Street, East Side, Portland, Oregon.
Again In Business.
MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF
Saddles,
Harness,
Bridles,
i Whips,
Saddlery
Hardware,
Etc., Etc.
I Promptly
Repairing
Neatly auid
Attended to
RAILROAD LANDS.
Liberal Terms,
Low Prices,
Long Time,
Low Interest.
OREGON AND CALIFORNIA RAILROAD COMPART
OFFER THEIR LANDS FOR BALE UPON THE
following liberal terms: One-tenth of the price
In cash; Interest on the balance at the rata of seren per
cent one year after sale, and each following year one
tenth ol the principal and Interest on th balance at the
rate of seren per cent per annum. Both principal and
Interest payable In U. 8. Currenqr
A discount ol ten per cent will be allowed for cash.
Mttert should be addressed to
PAUL BC1IULZE. Lard Agent,
O 0 R R, Portland, Orcgjn.
Pacific Mutual Life k Co'y
OF CALIFORNIA.
A NcKINNIE Manager for Northwest Department.
OFFICE WITH PORTLAKD SAVINGS BANK.
Incorporated Under the Laws of California, and Is to-day tke
Strongest Life Insurance Co. In Amer ca.
TEFFERENCE) TO MEN IN PORTLAND WHO HA YE 118,880 NSURANCE EACH IN THIS
Company 1
M. 8. DURRELL,
JKKO,
. . BmAwnnifui, f I, A VTABTrRUlV
. "'"KSJKIVJKSSt.. -."'. ".rrn-"' n Vmnri
u: "'"""'"? """. STRrriun - nL nim i -Ktvnknn
OADOLPH. P. U WILLIS, ANDREW ROUERTg
J. K. OlLt, J.D. MsKiNNON, JOS DORKIIARDr,
F. ZANOVICH, M. ZANOVICH. ap20m8
CIIAB. RODOE, T. A. DATIB,
ESTABLISHED E 1881
OEO W. SNELL, F, K. ARNOLD.
No. 10 Stark Street, Portland, Oregon.
document neatly and
r alley Farm Specialty. DEEDS, MORT
' r.res, ana out! legal o
earefuuy drawn.
tsrsenel n tn the Aseney for year ram.
weennScUlt. aprrltt
Simpson ft KillingBworth
REAL ESTATE
GENERAL BROKERS,
(So. It, Daton Block, op stairs.)
rrent Strew. rrtlan4. srres
Omca HooFre , a. a. toSJOr.n.
SMmm
MAPS!
MAPS!!
If APS OE OREGON & WASH
INGTON TERRITORY.
HEREAFTER WE WILL BE ABLE TO SUPPLY
copies of map of Oregon and WaaKlngton a.
ring rata. These maps are put op In conn nlcnt
f rm to eary In the pocket. Enclosed la a Uff beard
on er. They can be obtained at th following prices:
Mapo'wrrecaa...... (
Haaar Wablactn.
reenan4 WMklasten Coasblned. I.8S
JSTBnnlt by PcsUl Order or Registered Letter
Postage (lamp will not be taken.
Address:
VfUXABIKTTErAsUfBB rtft,w..
Drawer U. portktad, Oregon
Mrunpm,' Ortrm eUma
I ffi$$&$&
HODGE, DAVIS & CO.,
92 and 94 Front Street, (cor. Stark) Portland, Oregon.
Offer to the Drag and General Merchandise Trade a Complete Asaortment of
Drags, Patent Medicines, Fine Chemicals, Glassware
Shop Furniture, and Druggists Sundries.
ALSO WINDOW OLABS OF ALL SIZES AND QUALITY
w m-a-wwrt
Of all th. leading brand, ia kg and tins.
COLORS IN CANS AND DRY.
Putty, Lampblack, Bed Lead, Glue, and Varniilm
laeludlng the Sncst brand lot Ooaen painter nas.
Paint, Whitewash and Varnish Brushes, Linseod Oil, in Barrel
and cases, Turpentine, Coal Oil, Castor Oil, Lard Oil, Neats
Foot Oii Fish Oil, Alcohol, in Barrels and Casses.
Blue Vitriol. Sulphur, Castile Soap, Concentrated Lye, Potash.
Bitters, all kinds. Quicksilver, Strychnine, and Tar, in
Pints, Quarts, and Half Gallon, Five Gallon, Etc.
Wet ttrsi AsrsmU for Orsrom Mat Wttsfiimsrtoa TsaTrrUry r
THE BEST MIXED FAlirr DT DIE.
MIlliHckrodt'H Carbolic Sheep Dip,. Wakelee's Sheep Rath aai
Squirrel Peisen, ana Ayersaa vr. jayae-s rrvpno
tary Me4Sciea.
Wa bny our good from firrt hand, thn enabling u to coropeU with any market an tk8
Coat a oompariaon of omr nrieea will profa,
sam rAcuc.-ua sTBErr. wnr rmmtu-u cnmxm nrnmn.
swewa these enlUe aitiwn, wM ,
wteTsaraaAnwtMsTs&sUeafeiasaFlBPaa,
jisM
il
''I
ft
- 41
M
'!
M
it'l
idktu.jtr' . t" .vte. :.
ii
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jfea-tet.
Mi .w
.'ir wV r Ik
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jfl-j' "a"-3