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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (June 1, 1883)
frwtfm7mwB -. t. .. v -jy;'i-j t, 1 a WILLAMETTE FARMER: PORTLAND, OREGON. JUNE 1. 188S. I ' .. ftoA. PAKMBE BBmi THEORY. 'I tell ye, it'a nonsense," laid Farmer Bad, This farming by bookt and rules. And aendin' the boys to learn that atuff At the agricultural school. Rotation o' crops and analysis I Talk) that to a young baboon I But ye needn't be tellia' yer science to me For I believe in the moon. "If ye plant yer corn on the Roin' moon, And put up the line for cows, You'll find It will bear, and yer wheat will too, If it's decent land where't grown. But potatoes, now, are a different thing, They want to go down, that is plain; And don't you see you must plant for that When the moon is on the wane. "So in plantm', and hoein', and hayin' time It is well to have an eye On the hang of the moon ye know ye can tell A wet moon from a dry, And as to hayin', you wise ones now Are cntln' you're grass too soon; If you want it to spend, just wait till it's ripe, And now on the full of the moon. "And when all the harvest work is done, And the butcherin' times come ronnd, Though your hojs may ba looking the very best, And as fat as hogs are found, You will find your pork will shrivel and shrink When it cnmcs on the table at noon All fried to rags if it wasn't killed At the right time of the moon. "With the farmers' meetin's and Granges now Folks can tilk till all is blue; But don't you be swollerin'all ye hear, For there ain't niore'n half on't true, They are tryin' to make me change my plans, But I tell 'em I'm no such coon; I shall keep right on in the safe old way, And work my tarm by the moon." Judge Harrit. STOCK NOTES, The Country Gentleman, in response to a request from a correspondent for a cure for horses which have contracted the habit of pulling at the halter says : Take a sufficiently long pieco of half-inch rope. Put the center of it under the tail like a crupper, cross the rope on the back and tie tho two ends together in front of the breast snugly, so that there is no slack, otherwise it would drop down on tho tail. Put a good ordinary halter on, and run tho halter strap or rope through a ring in the manger or front of the stall and tie it fust in the rope on the front of the breast, then slap his faco and let him fly back. lie will not choke or need telling to ' stop pulling back. Let him wear it a j short time, and twice or thrice a day scare i him back as suddenly and forcibly as pos- sible. After one or two trials you will see tliathe cannot be induced to pull back. ( It is a great mistake, says an exchange, I to let horses out to pasture until after the spring work is done. One feed of grass will spoil a horse's appetite for hay, and he will be in poor condition for working, no I matter how highly fed with grain. Many good farmers keep their horses up during tho entire year. A healthy man works through tho summer with only an occa sional dav of recreation besides that of Sundays." Why should not a well-fed horse do the same? It distresses us to seo a horse or a mule in adray, wagon or carriage with his head reined up so that the bits have cut his mouth. It diminshes the horse's power to pull and gives him pain. A horse's head ought to be as free as his feet, except that the head must be used as tho guiding part. It would be just as sensible to tie and braco up his tail when ho is to bo backed as to fasten tho head when ho is going forward. A horse of any spirit always holds his head where it ought to be when he is in motion. Of all the breeds of white swino there are none that we esteem more highly than the Cheshire. They are undoubtedly descended mainly from the Yorkshire, and in all their points resemble tho very I best modern Berkshire very closely in ' oven- respect, except in color. They aro j pure white, with a skin that has a bcnuti , ful pinkish-tint, that gives them an ex ceedingly attractive nppear.mco when dressed. Thoy mature early, fatten read ily and grow to a good size, but, 'in com mon with all white swine, aro rather more subject to skin diseases than black ones. They are very hardy, however, and withstand great extremes of cold as well as any breed of which we have ac knowledge. Horses arc naturally scrupulously cleanly, and the nearer you keep them in such a condition tho better they aro sure to thrive. Particularly so aro thoy so about their food when at liberty to select what they wish, yet it is too often he case that when they are fed in stables and elsewhere their troughs become sour and mouldy, or that their food is thrown to them in some filthy place that would be enough to destroy their appetito. Wny Heary Horses are Wanted. A earful look intolho way the shipping andtransferbusinessofthecountryisnow carried on, and a duo consderat.on of ho magnitude of this, shows to anyone that the nearer a shipper can get his truck, and the team that hauls this, to appnm; mateafreightcar.thenwrerthorequire. menta of the trade will bo met. Coal" ,...i !,: entirely so in the common iue. - - , . greater cities, mainly so-nphace, ol : size, and on many tarnw """" ' supplanted by coal. &$. tide requires wiw...- reaches ferred two or three times betore i the consumer, and he h afi ns0 numerous the loads, tho less th of transferring. Jl e wag es fa teamsters more so n " a ving higher than some '"" g'"" i u one in the number of men wggj source of Th Snot bo ad transfers. Two lig" -" . tTXiCi . yantageouslyuunoehea in a crowded city. u"f':g , carried i on are, as amie,n"" f afatiS A., M .1 W of horses can work to advantage to a heavy load. A light team of wheel-horses cannot do the backing often required, and in an emergency, growing out of soft go ing, worn out pavements, or an activity to ascend, four horses are not likely to work in such accord as to render the work rea sonably easy. A team required to move, without undue strain, tho very heavy loads to which thcv are often hitched. three or four tons, must have such weight of body that when they lean for ward upon the collar a truck load can be moved without too great an effort being required. Ex. Pure-Bred Stock. As a rule pure-bred stock is not the most profitable for farmers to keep. Many who have tried to breed a herd of pure blood animals have not succcdcd The best to begin with in great. The writer recently visited a herd of Jerseys, some of the cows in which had cost many hundreds of dollars. Tho product in flesh and milk from these cows is not so much over the grade cow as to warrant the prices paid. Tho management that such close bred stock requires is much greater than that of grade stock ; that is, crosses between the pure blood and tho native. Pure blood animals and herds, like the one abovo mentioned, are of value as breeding centers, from which the great mass of common stock can be built up. At a low estimate the value of the grade product can be raised $15 or $20 each, the first season. It may be that a fanner with an extensive herd of grades thus produced can afford to keep two or three pure bloods for further improvement of the herd, but in many cases it is better to replenish the pure blood from one of the centers of such stock. It is a national blessing that "fancy farmers," as they are sometimes called, are pleased to invest in pure bloods, for by this means they are kept up. It would be unfortunate if from any cause these herds should be broken up and scattered. It is through them that the whole live stock of the country is to bo improved by a gradual process of grading. In this important work the less fortune-favored stock raisers may find a prohtable held of labor. Exchange. Jersey Cows. Tho Jersey is a thoroughbred, and pos sesses as fully as any the thoroughbred's capacity to lespond to feed beyond the amount required for the daily repair of the wnsto of the body, and will mako this extra return as surely as the Shorthorns will make it in beef or tho Ayrshiro in milk. They being thoroughbred can be de pended upon to transmit in breeding, in most cases, tho good qualities of one parent, and vciy often tho best qualities of remote as well as immediate ancestors. The Jersey makes more butter in pro portion to her size and iced ; having a small body, she has jugt so much less to build up in youth and to support and re pair day by day. They come in at 20 to 22 months, thus making a saving over most other breeds of a year of food, hand ling and protection. As a rule they go dry a shorter period than any other breed, two months being over tho average period and many produce butter and calves without dying off. They will stand moic corn and other winter crain feeding without getting fat ; she will nut the oil into her bag rather than into the carcass. This is a point of great importance in these modern days of all the year round butter making. Tho Jersey has shown herself as well fitted to thrive in all climates and upon all kinds of food as any breed and some she surpasses. Three-miarters of thu highest priced butter used in New York and New Eng land to-day is made fiom Jersey cows ; it blinds from 40 to SOccnts per pound, and tho demand is greater than the supply. Ex. Boot Crops. There are two things cultivators of roots fchould remember ono is the extent to which this crop will bear manuring, and thu other, that tho ground is never ploughed deep enough. In regard to ma nuring I have a suggestion to make, which is that after tho root field has re ceived what is called a good application of well-rooted barnyard manure, then go to work and double the application, and if vou err at all it will bo on tho right side, in regard to ploughing our root fields wo plough for com, potatoes and other crops, four, five or six inches deep, as tho case maybe, but for carrots an mangolds, this is a most decided drawback. Land that is designed for carrots and mangolds should bo thoroughly sub-oiled; it will nav well in tho greater perfection and size of the roots produced. How many farmers there aro who grow, perhaps, five hundred bushels per acre of mangolds, when twelve or fifteen hundred should be considered a fair crop! In order to , pro duco the larger yield, wo inut attend to these preliminaries of manuring and sub soiling. Correspondence Country Gentle man. How to Keep Onions. Many complain that onions do not keep. The trouble is in keeping them . warm. The onion is a bulb a plant at rest and least warmth starts it into Sty. It is much better that onions should remain iruzuii uuu-k'! ,,,.,' pre i led they can thaw gradually, than to bTput into a cellar or other warm place . " .u.:- ,.oniiv rowers will bo arouVed. If put in largo heaps onions wSbosuro to spoil; but if rcad in thin Uvewand covJred with hay or straw, so hat if frozen tho thawing will gradual ey will keep well through the winter. It is the custom with onion growers to get their crop to market as soon as possi ble. If they were to provide proper stor age they would realize much more from them when sent to market late in the season. 9ASJ ijottltrg FMduut for Em not Fat. Tho feeding of whole corn and nothing else through the winter makes weak fowls in the spring. Fowls will not lay so well when thus fed. Corn makes too much fat, and after a certain amount has been mado disease, is probable. This condition comes on when tho hens should bo pre pared for laying the spring eggs. As the warm season approaches the torpid state produced by tho cold weather begins to wear off, and the birds begin to look about them with more activity. If the fowls have been kept high on whole corn, the fact will now appear. Excess of fat pro duces excess of heat, and the unnatural heat weakens the internal organs to so great an extent that they aro unable to perform their required offices. From this cause oftentimes fowls are found dead on the nest or beneath the roost. The fowls may have appeared all right the day before, for only a close ob server would discover anything amiss. The laying organs have been weakened, and in many instances destroyed by the heat and fat", being crowded and cramped by it. Frequently the eggs escape into the body, and are not laid in tho nest. This docs not cause death so suddenly as the other phase where the eggs remain in the oviduct. . In this case the fowl is ac tive, goes on and off the nest with the usual cherry cackle, but leaves no egg. The hen appears hearty and well, but may be found dead twenty-four hours later, to all appearances a sound, fat fowl. The fowl was too fat, that is tho difficulty. This latter case is more frequently met with in pullets when first coming into laying. When the weather is warm, and the fowls arc running at large, the trouble may bo removed by a reduction or change of food. During tho cold months their food should bo varied, and egg-production stimulated and kept up as mush as possi ble. It is the business of a hen after full grown to produce eggs, and she will do it when running abroad in mild weather. For this reason poultry keepers should givo in winter both animal and vegetable food, allowing only a 6cant ration of corn onco a day. Other grains may bo fed more freely, and with good results. Cor respondence Country Gentleman. Egg Eating Hens. As hens are sometimes subject to this vice they aro not always at fault. As we before attempted to explain that many breeders were responsible for "feather pulling " among their fowls, so can we say the same for tho eating of eggs by hens. As the hen is forced to provide the mate rial for forming the egg, nature prompts her to select that which most closely ap proximates to thoso substances from which the egg is derived, and as her appetite is tho prompter in the matter, she makes no distinction of her own free will, harm lessly, so far as she is concerned, doing that which we do not wish, eating eggs. But hens only learn to cat eggs, and when the breeder throws rcfuso egg shells in the yard, or allows the contents of broken ecus to remain where they can be de voured, an acquired habit will be tho re sult. This is not all. If tho food is not of a variable character containing all tho necessary constituent, elements that enter into composition of an egg, shell also, tno breeder must expect the hen to resort to anv device within her power to comply with tho law of supply and demand. But few cases aio known of hens breaking the eggs to cat them until tho ait is taught thorn in some wav. and thev are not am bitious of knowledge in that direction when they are fully supplied with all they need. Don't Put All Your Eggs In One Basket. There is an old saying and it is true. It is bad policy for a farmer to cultivate only one crop. If that fails ho has lost his year's work ; but if ho cultivates sev eral crops, somo of them aro always sure to succeed, and somo will command a re munerative price. A farmer about to com mence, looks over tho field, and finding that butter always commands a good prico, buys a few cows, and then to pro vent tho Mops from tho dairy being wasted, ho buys some hogs. Poultry pays, and 100 hens and cocks aro bought. When ho buvs his horses ho sees that it is better (instead of geldings that aro deteriorat ing as they grow older,) to invest in fine largo marcs that will each produco him a foal worth, say as a yearling, if 100 every year, in addition to doing tho work of tho farm. If tho mares are largo they will easily do this. There is always a demand for largo horses and mules for draft pur jioscs, and they sell readily. Every far mer should try to make everything pay a profit ; " overy edge cut." Toe Duck". Tho duck is peculiarly tho poor man's bird, its hardness renders it so entirely in dependent of that caro whinh fowls per petually require; and, indeed all those classes of persons in humblo life who have sloppy offal of somo sort left from their meals, and who do not keep a pig to consume it, ducks are tho best save-1 waste for them. Even the rcfuso of pota-4 toes, or any other vegetable, will, with a little bran meal, satisfy a duck, which it thankfully accepts and with a degree of good nature which it is pleasant to con template, swallows whatever is presented to it and very rarely occasions trouble. Though fowls must bo provided with a roof and decent habitations and supplied with corn which is costly, the cottage gar den waste, and tho snails and slugs which are generated there, with the kitchen scraps and offal, furnish the harder ducks with tho means of subsistence. And at iJsLa'tiiLk - jJ -viiAi night they rcquiro'rio better lodging than a nook in an open shed. If a habitation be expressly made for them it need not necessarily bo made moro man a lew ieci in height nor of better materials than wattles and clav mortar a door being use less, unless to secure them from thieves. Doyle s Domestic Poultry. The Game as a Farm FowL A correspondent in a cotemporary says : Since tho introduction of Asiatics and other fancy breeds of recent years, games have leen somewhat overlooked. Far mers have been swept away by tho gen eral current and fell in with big fowls and all sorts of new tangled ideas. No doubt much good has been none in thus chang ing off for finer and better stock, but I in variably find that men who have changed from games to tho large and awkward Asiatics, or even Plymouth Rocks, go back to their first love. They find that tho grand, graceful and majestic games are the true farmer's fowl. Fearless and de fiant, they arc the fowl to romp over the farm to find their own feed, and as a table fowl no breed on earth can equal them, and are excellent layers of fine eggs, being very little behind non-sitters in a year. And if we take into consideration cost, certainly the game is most profitable. They are easily reared and are very small eaters, and if you want something good in the way of a fowl, you know you have it if you keep games. Bez or Eggs. Every spring there is moro or less in quiry for tho best way of determining tho so't of eggs, as pullets arc much more de sirable and profitable than cockerels. Up to dato there has been no way of deter mining this matter, any more certainly, than stock breeders can regulate the sex of their horses and cattle. When this can bo done, to a positive certainty, there will lie less chance and more positive Know ledge on this point at least. Our method has been to select those eggs of a uni form size, regular shape and strong shells and then take our chances on the result. It may be taken as an evident fact that the largest percentage of early birds are cockerels, and that from a mature cock and hens or pullets the most of the prog eny will be females while a cockerel (an immature bird) mated with hens and cockerels will usually bring most of tho progeny males. Circumstances may in fluence and control this greatly, how ever. Farm and Garden. Young chicks just from tho shell aro far too tender to digest corn meal, which is a strong food at tho best, and "require something that is milder and still nourish ing. Somo of tho very best breeders use dry wheat bread-crusts, or stalo bread ; this is broken up fine, scalded, and then fresh milk poured over it. In this way it is fed at intervals, and the young chicks thrive splendidly on it. It may cost a triflo more, and it may tako a little more time to, prepare it than it does to mix up somo cold water with a little corn meal, but then you stand a far better chance of raising a large percentage of your young birds. Thoso who have' not tried this method of feeding, should do so, and thoy will be surprised to find how well the chicks take to it. From several of our exchanges wo learn that grouse and other game birds are now more plentiful than thev have been for years. If tho law is observed there will bo some splendid hunting this fall. All that the farmer's sons have to do is to get their fathers permission to stick up no tices warning hunters not to trespass on their land. Tho law is for the lcnefit of all and not solely for the members of tho Poitland Hod and Gun Club or young stois from the towns and cities. Enter prise. "lliichup.ilb l" Qu.ck, complete cure, all annovin; Kidney, Bladder .nu Urinary msoaaes. . PriuirisM. S250 WILL BUY TJio Boat Pony SAW MILL Yet Offered for the Money. 03-fiend for Circular. UICHH0ND MACHINE WORKS. kiciisiod, ;m; Vans' White Metallio Ear Marking Label, aUmped to order with name, or came sod address and num bers. It is reliable, 'heap and convenient. Bells at tlgbt and gives piifect satisfaction. Illustrated l'rlecLUt and samples free. Agents wsn"-l. C. II. DANA, West Lebanon, If. O. USE ROSE PILLS BITG-IITBS! EELIABLB, DURABLE A ECONOMICAL sW Will furnish a rioraa Power with on, third lew fuel aod water than any otutr EnxitM built, not Stud Willi an automatic cut-off. H. P. G11EGOMY Ac CO., Atrontw, Ho. 6 Xorth Croat St., Portland, Or. PUT THIS OUT A4lurUm, vlih TtH e.u, md trsu'11 tHsri iLsi4SMrlOsr,llMi UutwrtiUttwWU Amtw. Xm kWCm. M. TsH ' nwk 'KiA. j-, it&fjti' , a - ,,j. &m nil A. ROBERTS, ....SUCCESSOR TO.... FISHEL & ROBERTS. Cor. tint and'Alder 8U, Portland, On. THE LEADING Clothier, Merchant Tailor, And Hatter. OF OREGON, (Juitnmtf-eH to sell the very best CLOTHING tor le .Honey than any other house in the state. Juneltf 'HE GREAT CURE roil RHEUMATISM lU it is for alt tb painful dlmm of th KIDNIYS.LIVIR AND BOWELS. It filtmnirn Ui sratam at tL mariA Milan that oum th dreadAil tUftrin which cmr u Tioums or ahnmtlm an TaliM. THOUSAMDI OH niftsTB of tho wont form of thi terrible cIIimm nT Dean quiokiy nueved, and in abort Urn PERFIOTLY OURID. miCI. 1. UqilDOE DRY, SOLO BY DECCGtSTS. .it- vrj can m wnt oy mail. W2ELLS. BICHAXLDSOir Ss Co.. BurUncton Vt Know That Brown's Iron Bitters will cure the worst case of dyspepsia. Will insurea hearty appetite and increased digestion. Cures general debility, and gives a new lease of life. Dispels nervous depression and low spirits. Restores an exhausted nurs ing mother to full strength and gives abundant sus tenance for her child- Strengthens the muscles and nerves.enriches the blood. Overcomes weakness, wake fulness, and lack of energy Keeps off all chills, fevers, and other malarial poison. Will infuse with new life the weakest invalid. 37 Walker St., Baltimore, Dec 1W1. For ia yean I have been a great auffercr from Blood Dlieaae, Dya. pepsla.andComtlpatlon.and became so debilitated that I could not retain anything on my itomach, in Tact, life hadT almost become a burden. Finally, when hope had almost left me, my husband seeing Brown's Irom Bitters advertised In th Japer, Induced me to give It a trial, am now taklnz the third bottle and have not felt so well In six years as I do at the present time. Mrs. u F. GmrriK. Brown's Iron Bitters will have a better tonic effect upon any one who needs "bracing up," than any medicine made. ESTaTSHEDS'l845 mermrYEAsroR baking pom 0MNVNTEIXTS PURITY AN D STRENGTH ALWAYS MAINTAINS THE MOST ECONOMICAL BREAD PREPARATION MADE. CIDER qpipR uaiuiiuvunuTtitwYmlL. MHHHBfl sssss jj&jV ..-. 4 lit'.. i rjwHOtji. !J&Pk-S Children CRY FOR Pitcher's Castoiia Mothers like, and PhyatolsuM reooxonand it. IT IS NOT NARCOTIC. CENTAUR IilNIMENTS , tLc World's great Palu-Relievtay remedies. They heal, soothe ail' I cure Bums, Wounds.'Weak Back nnd Rheumatism upon Mh nnd Sprains, GaUU, antfl Iawta licss upon Beasts. Cheap, ginti.') and reliable. SPURTS Of diagastlBC MtVsMSY SanflUs, . Crackling Pains la that Head, Fetid Breath, Deafness, any GatarcsLalGomplalnt,oanseS terminated tr "Wei Se Mejrosr's Catarrh Core, a Constitutional Am' tidote by Absorption. The most Za portantJiuoTerTalaoeVaooimatssf DB. JATNE'S AGUE MIXTUBft ACERTMHAHDEITECTDALREMM rat Fever and ' Ague, IntermltUiM and Remittent Fevers, Jte, This olasi of diseases to oommon in all psttf of the World, and especially prevalent in St. larlous districts and vlolnage of water-oourtss", an almost Invariably aocompanled by mort tt lets derangement of the liver, and frequently bj a defcotlve action of tho digestive orgsl. The mere breaking of the Chill is but a Htf towards completing a radical ours; ths rariolf organs of the body, especially the stomach ajet liver, must be brought to a healthy and Tigs' ons eondition before a permanent cure cal fc established, and this fact has been speollls' kept in view by Dr. Jayne In bis treatment tt these eomplaintt. The use of Jayne's AglM Mixture, In conjuncUon with Jayne's Sanatlts fPllls, as prescribed In the Directions whUfc aseompany each bottle, will not only BREAK UP THE CHILLS, but restore the system, more particularly tw liver and stomach, to a sound eondiUon, anl M prevent a relapse of Fever and Ague by Uf eughly ERADICATING THE DISEASE, and the beat evidence of this Is the InvarlaWs sucoeta which has always followed the admin istration of these remedies, at attested by Jks certificates published annually In Dr. JayBrl Almanao, and the wide-spread popularity of tl Ague Mixture in those districts of the Uslitel States, where the diseases, for which It If adapted, most prevail. Cur nulo l.y lloigo, liavis & Co., Agents. PORTLAND BUSINESS COLLEGE (Old "NATIONAL," Established ISM.) 2) Front li'n' Washington and Aldw FOKTXAND OKEUT. A. P. AIMf8TRONO Prlndyal J A.WESCO, Penman and Bacretary A 'i Institution deslmcd for the practical business education of both sexes. Almltted on any week day of the year. No Tad tlou at any tune, an1 ne elimination on entering-. itrbolarsiilp, far Fall Kaalaess Coarse, H PEN WORK Ol all kinds esecated to order at reasonaMa rata Satisfaction guaranteed. Tin. i;irr Journal, containing Inform tin courw uf study, when to enter, time required, cost of board, etc., and cuts o ornamental penaaaa hip, from the pen of Prof, Wmcu, sent frw. Aobssss: A. r. AKNHTRiiKG, Lock Box 101, Portland, Oregon ROSES SPLENDID POT PLANTtt, oeolally pre pared for Immediate Bloom. Del vc red saf els b mull laatpa'iLataU I t u. 0 11 ku- did tariaMlea, your ohol e.alllaUkd.fortii 18 for S2I 19 for 131 2Qfo.t4i SSforCSl 75 for lOlfOOforCIS. WE CIVK pHirdtcm Present of choice audvalunbloROeCL woo wiUt every order, Our NEW CUIDE, "; TrvilUt m lit iiMt. 70 tp. tliyunlli tli$ roc' ft .H. THE DINOEK C0NAR3 CO. Bass drawers, West 0ve. Caeatar Ce., i a. Midm&L ajvii! II f3 ri fa .'! t ti: IT 5' V