Willamette farmer., April 13, 1883, Image 1

VOL. XV.
orrconilcnc
more About the Tariff.
Butte Crkek, Or., April 2, 1883.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
In the Farmer of the 30th of March Mr.
Geo. H. Eilers publishes an answer to our
letter of March 16th. In his first letter he
was in favor of free trade, but he is now in
favor of tariff for revenue and incidental pro
tection. If he keeps changing his views he
will soon stand on the same platform that I
do. He says I jump too high when I say,
"we are not far from having such a tariff in
our present law." He leaves part out, I said,
"In some respects we have departed from that
standard; wherever it does we should amend
it, and by so doing we shall secure stability
and prosperity." The steel rails and sugar
Mr. E. refers to are instances where we have
departed from that standard, but Congress
has reduced it $11 per ton on steel rails, which
I think is enough, and it would have been
much better if it had not been reduced any on
wool. He claimed in his first letter that our
merchant marine was protected out of exist
ence. I did not have space in either of my
previous letters to answer that, but will now
give some of the reasons why it is on the de
cline. The following statistics from the
Treasury Department will thiow some light
on this subject :
Pet ct Per ct
No. American carri'd car r d
tsars tons InForeign Value of Export In Am by For
Trade. and Imports V e s - e i g n
sels. ves'els
180.... 762,838 f 231,227,485 I SJ.9 17.1
1645.... 904,410 231,501,170 81.7 IS. 3
1850.... 1,439,694 330,037.038 72.5 17.5
1855 2,348,353 5?U,025,3G0 75.0 14.4
I860.... 2,379 396 762,188,550 66.6 33.5
1885.... 1,518.350 604,411 96 87.7 02.3
1870.... 1448 846 991896,839 35.6 64.4
1S75.... 1,515,693 1,219,434,544 25.8 74.2
18S0.... 1,316,402 1,713,770,633 17.4 82.6
1831.... 1,297,035 1,675,024,318 16.0 84.0
1882.... 1,259.492 1,597.071,700 15.5 84.5
By reference to this table it will be seen
that our foreign carrying trade is in a deplor
able condition. The facts of these ssatistlcs
are these : In 1840, 82.9 per cent, of all the
exports and imports of the United States
were carried in American vessels, but in 1833
only 15.5 per cent, was thus carried. Here,
in 42 years, has been a decline of 67.4 per
cent, in foreign carrying trade of the United
States. We also find, looking at this period,
that the decline in the construction of vesse's
for employment in the foreign trade was as
rapid lie fore the war as during any other
feriod since in the history of this country. In
855 there were 507 vessels built in the
United States for the toreign carrying trade,
the highest point reached in our history. In
1856 the number declined to 463; in 1857 to
307; in 1858 to 103, and in 1859 to 107. I
allude to these facts in order to remove the
Impression which has obtained in many quar
ters that the decline of our foreign carrying
trade began with the taiiff It is not true
that there has been any decline in the foreign
comnicrci) of this country since the war. At
no period in the history ot this country has
our foreign commerce increased more rapidly
than since 1865. From 1850 to 1880 the popu
lation increased 115 per cent., while our
foreign commerce increased during the same
peri' d 400 per cent., showing that our ex
ports aud imports have increased over our
population nearly 300 per ent. During the
15 years from 1S46 to 1861 the foreign com
merce of this country increased $525,000,000;
but between 1865 aud 1880 this commerce in
creased $1,000,000. In 1855 the imports and
exports of the United States were $536,625,
366, of which about $405,000,000 were carried
in American vessels and only $131,000,000 in
foreign vessels. In 1880 the exports and im
ports of the United States were $1,613,770,
633, of which American vessels carried only
about $280,000,000. If American vessels had
carried the same proportion of the imports
and exports of the United States in 1880
which they did in 1855, there would have
been $1,200,000,000 for American tonnage,
bat instead of that our vessels actually carried
less than one-fourth of that. Looking more
closely at the figures, we find that neither the
so-called revenue tariff of 1846 nor the
modified revenue tariff of 1857, nor the pro
tective tariff of 1861 has exerted any influ
ence over the rise and fall of our own carry
ing trade. Under the tariff of 1842 our
carrying trade prospered; under the tariff of
1846 it prospered for nine years and then
steadily declined during the remaining six
years before the tariff of 1861 was enacted.
Bo we must look for the causes of the decline
of our foreign carrying trade, beyond the
tariff. Our exports and imports, which rep
resent commerce, have been rpread out in
every direction and yet our American carry
ing trade has been constantly declining, con
sequently it is not any decline ol commerce
which has caused the difficulty. Professor
Sumner, perhaps the ablest advocate of free
trade in the United States, thus brushes aside
tho the tariff arguments of freetraders. He
says : "No doubt these changes (from wood
to iron and sails to steam) have been the chief
cause of the decline of ship building in the
United States, and legislation has had only
incidental effects. It is a plain fact of history
that the decline in ship building began before
the war and the high tariff North American
Review No. 132." The decline of our foreign
carrying trade was due to two causes ; First,
the great change in our ocean transport ition
which was gradually being made from wooden
vessels to iron and from sails to steam and
the screw propeller, a change which gave
England, with ner cheap labor and her mines
of coal and iron near the seashore, a greater
advantage than we had when wood was the
only material i'f which vessels were built;
second, the adoption in 1854 of the policy of
removing easy burden from and giving every
possible advantage to her merchantmen,
coupled with liberal appropriations in the
form of postal pay, as wen as subsidies, to
secure the establishment of steamship lines to
all parts of the world, while at the same time
the American government neither lifted a
burden nor offered any encouragement to her
marine. England almost exempts from all
government and local taxation the capital in
vested in her steamship lines. An English
steamship costing $500,000 and making -i net
profit of 8 per cent, a year, or $40,000, would
pay an income tax of onlv about 2 per cent
on that profit, or $800. The same steamship
line if owned in the United States would pay
a tax of about 2 per cent, on the value of the
steamship, or $10,000. We are known abroad
by the flag that is seen in foreign harbors.
Our influence is felt abroad in proportion to
the extension of our merchant marine. Our
commerce is more or less dependent on it. as
well as our independence in peace and safety
in war. If we go on ten years more in the
way we have been going on for twenty-five
years past, the American merchant marine
and the' American flag will have faded from
the ocean. There are other reasons why our
merchant marine is on the decline, hut I have
not space here to enumerate them.
A. B. Marqcam.
About Bog Raising Essex and Other Hogs
Compared.
Whiteaker, April 6, 1883.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
Perhaps I owe it to my patrons who are
nearly all or quite all subscribers to your
widely" read piper, to reply to the strictures
of Mr. Cross, indeed to the popularity of the
Essex breed of hogs. Mr Cross quotes, or
rather we think misquotes, some, perhaps
prejudiced writer on Essex swine. To those
who are interested, I will say we refer you to
"Harris on the Pig," the most popular work
now in the United States on these matters, or
any other unprejudiced authority. In New
York and the Eastern States they have no
successful rival. Joseph Harris, now of the
Country Gentleman, years ago horticultural
editor of the Genesee Farmer, is perhaps the
largest breeder of fine hogs and other stock,
has for many years past bred the Essex ex
clusively, and good judges think he has made
more money than any other five breeders of
fine hogs in the United States, and these hogs
sell higher per pig or pair in the East than
any other hop (6ee Harris' circular for 1 882),
and in the great State of Illinois we have such
men (noted breiders) as W. J. Neely of
Ottawa, Taylor Bros, and many others; and
at the Illinois State Fair for 1882, tho Essex
hog took twelve first premiums; just the
same number of first premiums as the Berk
shire and one ahead of the Poland China; for
these facts I refer to the Stock Breeders' Ga
zelle of Chicago, in 1882, page 469; and further
some nine or ten years ago the Essex took
more first premiums at the great United
States Fair at St. Louis, Mo., than any other
breed, and they are fast taking the place of
the larger breeds at the West and are
destined to be as popular in the West as the
East; they are the comintr hog everywhere
that easy and early fattening and quiet dis
position are qualities desired (fatten your hogs
and chickens at the same. trough); and I will
here say the importations of these hogs by
Mr. Smith of Salem, Oregon, years ago (he
let thm run out), if Mr. Smith had kept
these bogs up by other importations he would
have made a small fortune, as it is more than
twenty five persons, I think Mr. Smith of the
number, have told me that they have found
after trying other breeds, they were the best
hogs they ever handled. Certain it is,
although that family were too near related
and not well haired, the reputation they made
has made hundreds of dollars for me, I
found this hog so popular already when I
commenced breeding that it is my only
apology for not advertising outside of my
county, and now I have 31 recorded orders
for pigs, more than half of them for pairs, and
am expecting an order from Uucle Tommy
Cross and I would gladly welcome one or two
more breeders of these hogs, the field is
ample, I hardly know which way to turn in
filling orders, but be patient, all (hall be
served in due time.
Mr. Cioss h-ts, ss the readers of the Farmer
and Statesman remember, provoked this dis
cussion by referring to me and my stock in
both the papers referred to and has mentioned
my veracity living in a glass house. This is
the last thing I would have expected of Cross,
and here siy that the Essex nog ii the most
popular hog among my neighbors and I keep
a male hog of this breed for the nearly exclu
sive use of my neighbors and he is not equal
to the demand, and I here refer to my neigh
bors as to my word whether it is good or not,
with some satisfaction, also to any business
man of Salem (save one), and to the older
wholesale business bouses of Portland entire,
as with some of them I have had business re
lations for 25 years, as I have done business
for 30 years on my word alone and my simple
order is grod in San Francisco, Boston or
New York and perhaps I coula buy a little
pork in Chicago on the sure basis.
One word in regard to the Berkshire, I
think Mr, Cross has been very unfortunate in
selecting from the Berkshire family to get
such coarse specimens of the breed. An old
Englishman last fair after looking at Mr.
Crew.' Oak Grove boar, said to me, is it pos
sible Mr. Cross supposes that hog ever came
from England, for said he, that bog has the
PORTLAND, OREGON,
coarsest head and luir I ever saw on a Berk
shire hog; and whf n at the big sale of Ladd
Reed's two years ago, I asked ono of the n en
in charge of the st'-ck whore their Berkuhircs
wero (I think, am almost sure it was Mr.
Lindsev himself), siid Mr. Red got a boar
from Mr. Cross and he ruined the whole lot
and there was nothing fit to offer for sale. In
reference to that butcher viit to buy my
hogs, I had jut commenced to feed my hogs
for market and there were all kinds of grades
in the lot. about one-third each of Poland
China, Berkshire, with one or two dips of
Essex only and all ages, from small pigs up
among the bot 45 head of spring pigs, and of
these eleven weighed over 200 pounds net.
A characteristic! of this hog is to weigh at
least one-fourth more than they are guessed
at, nnd while that butcher paid he bought a
good lot of hogs from Cross; if he had
weighed him a little closer perhapt he would
have told him there was no money for Cros
in his management of hogs in general. Get a
Eair of Essex. Uncle Tommy and raise your
ogs and chickens at the same trough and be
happv, and at our next State Fair if you find
the Essex th popular hog don't do as you
did at the lart fair, get excited and run up
and down the hog pens trying to draw atten
tion from the popular Essex to your coarse
haired Berkshire pigs, for it was a sorry spec
tacle of an old man in his dotage trying to in
jure a popular and the coming hog of Oregon
by disparaging remarks about the owner and
the breed of hogs themselves. In my next or
as soon as I get their permission, I will givii
two of Mr. Cross' neighbors and one of his
former employes' opinion of Mr. Crops' man
agement of hogs in general and his breed in
particular, but will drug no man's name into
this discussion without his consent. Mr.
Joseph Harris says the Essex is noted first,
for easy fattening; second, for early maturity;
tnird, prolificness (my first purchase had nine
pigs the first litter; have another one that
raised uineat two litter in succession); fourth,
quiet disposition; fifth, best hog to cross the
coarse breeds with, aud I add for the best hog
to chew unground wheat or other small grain,
as they chew the grain finer and masticate it
better; the best hog to run in an orchard, I
never knew one to bark or injure a tree in
any way. G. W. Ho.nt.
The Merinos are the Beat.
Saiem, April 10, 1883.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
The writer has been engaged in the hand
ling of Oregon wool for many years, and as
wool growing is one of the great industries of
our State, and our business has so changed
that we are not now, nor do we expect to be
in the wool business apain, therefore disinter
ested in any particular breed of sheep, but
still have a common interest of the Oregon
sheep raiser, and having been, as well as some
of our neighbors, victimized by unscrupulous
persons wishing to sell the coming sheep,
would say to our old friends, make haste
slowly to buy those "Downs," even though
the "Down" have a prefix of Oxfordshire,
Shropshire and all the "shires" and "Downs,"
and just say let these coming sheep come, and
stick to your little "Merinos that shear eight
and ten pound, and are ge'ting away with
those "shires" and "Downs" that are coming.
But, says a friend at our elbow. "What about
mutton !" Well, we venture to say that the
average Oregonian can't tell whether a well
cooked mutton chop is from a black-legged
"Down." "shire" or a Merino. Now, don't
think that we are a breeder of Merinos blow
ing our own horn, for we are not in the sheep
lm-incss, nor have we any sheep for sale, but
wnuld like to say to brother sheep men who
are thinking of improving their flocks by pur
chasing the "coming sheep," don't, but stick
to your Merinos, and let your ambitious
neighbor buy the "coming sheep" and then
compare notes with him after you have sold
your wool. Salem,
QUESTIONS ASKED AND ANSWERED.
To Preserve Fence Posts.
A correspondent askB how to make fence
posts last.
Replv. Take fir or cedar posts and coat
them with a mixture of the following : Take
boiled linseed oil and stir in pulverized coal
to the consistency of paint. This is probably
the best way to preserve fence costs. But
another good way, and one commonly prac
ticed is to cbir the end to be placed in the
ground.
WMhouxal Orange.
Washocoai., IV. T., March 31, 1883.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
Deputy A. F. Miller, assisted by past Mas
ter of State Grange, A R. Shipley, organized
a subordinate grange at Washougal, Clarke
county, W, T., with twenty-two charter
membrs, named Washougal Grange. The
officers elected are : F, C Yeomana, Master;
Frank Marble, O.; D. L Ruas-11, L.; J, W,
Sampson, Steward; N. F. Garlinghouse, A.
S.; K W. Turk, C; C. J. Moore, Secretary;
J. E C. Durgan, T.; W A. Woodruir. G. K.;
Mis E Russel, Ores; Mi, K A. Marble,
Pomona; Mrs. A. E. Sampson, Flora; Mrs.
F. L. Durgin, L. A. 8.
Washougal farmers Mill realize singular
benefits from this grange if they carry out the
true principles of the Order and succeed in
sustaining the interest.
'.'In chocsing allies, look to their power as
welt as their will to aid you. In choosing a
rsmedy for bowel, liver and kidney disease',
try Kidney. Wort, and you will never regret
it. If you are subject to ague you must be
sure to keep your liver, bowels and kidneys
in good tree condition. When so you will be
safe from all attacks.
FRIDAY, APRIL
Spangle (W. T.) and Vlclnliy.
From Cheney Sentinel.
To the citizen who has spent a few hours
of travel over the scab and timber .land
lying between the railroad and Spangle,
the rolling prairie which greets the eyo pre
sents a change of view pleasing and cheerful.
Why nature distributed a strip of gravelly,
scabby, mar.-hy, wholly dissgreeable land be
tween the two rich sweeps of productive soil
which extend to the east and west for miles,
is something inexplicable. But such is the
case. For ten miles to the east of Cheney
this scab extends, and then commences the
rich prairie, on the verge of which the town
of Spangle is situated. We say "prairie" be
cause everybody else does. To a Nebraska or
Illinois or Kansas man our prairie would seem
mouLtaini us; while to tho New Knglandcr
the stretch of high buttes, rolling divides, lit
tle canyons which twist aud turn, mightseem
tolerably level. In Nebraska it is possible to
plow 20,000 acres without breaking a furrow;
here it would be hard indued. But our farm
era have land in plenty to plow, and level
plains enough for all practical purposes, and a
soil which cannot be excelled. This prairie
region is pretty much all alike as to its pro
ductive powers, and the main features of dif
ference are its levelness or its roughness, its
nearness to market, to timber and mail facili
ties. The Spangle region is peculiarly fnorcd
in several of these respects. A prettier bit of
rolling plain never laid out of doors, and this
fact brought settlers to it at the beginning of
the settlement of Spokane county. No pre
cinct in the county shows such an extent of
improvement as Spangle. One sees a collec
tion of comfortable houses, well cultivated
fields, miles and miles of fence, all pointing
to an industry and determination of purpose
very creditable to the populace. A ride
thro'igh Spangle gives one t clear idea of
what all this country is destined to become.
On sees thrifty orchards out there, well kept
door jards where the good wife is growing
shrubs and vines, and about the buildings
there is an air of solidity as compared to nur
newer settlements. In speaking of Spangle
wo mean a circuit of perhaps seven miles
around the town, though trade comes to the
stores from much further away.
the early settlement.
In this region the first settler was one Dr.
Perry, who located a ranch in 1870. Ho was
followed by William Keats, who located the
land npnn which Spangle is now situated. In
1872 William Spangle bought out Keats, who
left the country. With William Spangle
came Henry Spangle, D. Hoke and William
Tiffin, who located farms now owned by
them, and in a high state of cultivation. Sev
eral others located there that spring, but of
them all tho ones named above are now resid
ing there. C. S. Irby and F. Doahiell came
in the fall of 1872. In 1870 L. Stetler opened
a ranch five miles north of Spangle, and in
the same year Andy Paterson located about
half way from Spangle to Rock creek, though
neither were exactly in the spanglo region.
In 1872-3 Montague & Winters had a small
store at a point known as Pine Grove, three
mills noth of the present location of Spangle.
This store was not so much for the accommo
dation of settlers as to trade with travelers
over the Mullen road. This trail was north
ern Montana and Idaho's outlet to civilization
then, and pack trains wero almost a daily
occurrence. There was a post-office at Pine
Grove, but in 1875 it was removed to Span
gle, Montague & Winters broke up their
business that year and went to the gold
fields of Montana. Montague was killed in
the Bannock war, and Winters is now a resi
dent of Missoula. County Commissioner
Jennings was up in the Pen d'Oreille country
away back in 1860, and from then on until
1874, when he located in Spangle. He tells
some interesting anecdotes of the early days.
The country developed slowly until there ap
peared to be a prospect for a railroad, and the
greater number of settlers dates from 1878.
'Che early settlers had but little encourage
ment for extensive farming. The nearest null
was Walla Walla, and there was absolub ly
no market for the products of the soil. Walla
Walla was the trading point from which
everything came and went, and that was 150
miles distant. However, farming was carried
on from the first, and these men can give in
valuable testimony as to the productiveness
of the soil. From 1873 to 1883 there was not
even a partial failure of crops. The lowest
yield in ten years was that of last season.
Throughout the H angle region wheat has
averaged from thirty to forty bushels per
acre, and other crops in proportion. It is the
testimony of these men that productiveness
of the soil is increasing with cultivation.
There are many farrmra going into the growth
of wheat in an extensive way about Spangle,
snd the present year will yield to her the
palm as the largest grain growing precinct in
the county. We saw many largo fields ready
for the seed during a n cent visit, and there
is no gainsaying the enterprise of thesH people.
Their settlement shows a progress only to be
accounted for upon the hypothesis of energy.
They are showing the country what and how
much of every viriety of product can be taken
from the wealth of Hie soil. We raw
(INK WIIKATKIH.il OK 960 Af'IIIU.
It is owned by the Suksdof Brothtrs.of whom
F, W, Suksdorf is now on the ground as su
perintendeLt, These men have also 320 acres
near Alpha ready for seed, and with the new
breaking now under way they will harvest
(.early 1,500 acres of grain the present yeir.
fcuch farms and farmers will make our coun
try famous Delegates Brents owes a fire
j farm in this precinct, and will hwe 320 acres
13, 1883.
in grain the present year. In the scope of
country described nearly all tho government
land has beeu taken, and the best of the rail
road land sold. However, some of the farms
re jet to be had, and the immigrant who de
sires an improved place can nlways find some
one ready to sell out at reasonable figures.
Fencing and building timber is convenient to
sll at reasonable figures. C. N. and E. II
HinchclilT have Blarted a saw mill three miles
northeast of Spangle, and are turning out
good lumber at $12 a thousand.
THE TOWN OK KPANOLK.
In 1878 William Spangle laid out the town
of Spangle on his farm and opened a store.
The town has slowly crept up, as the country
settled, into a thriving little burg. It is
prettily situated on a gentle decline about
three miles beyond the timber line, and is
easily accessible to the farms which surround
it on every side. It is supplied with mail by
a tri-wcokly stage from Cheney, a distance
ttated all tho way from ten to fourteen miles.
William Spangle is postmaster, and also con
ducts a business. The town is connected by
a government telegraph line with Spokane
Falls and Dayton, and has a resident opera
tor, G. S. Warren. Over one hundred fami
lies get mail sr.d do business in the town.
There is a very comfortable school house,
which is used also as a church. The district
has an enrollment of 101 scholars, and the
school had an attendance of 63 during the
term just closed. C. Gibson is teacher.
There are services once a month by Method
ists, Baptists and Christian denominations.
Cascade Locks.
The Times Mountaineer has been to visit
the work being done by government at the
Cascades of the Columbia for the construction
locks and ship canal around the rapids there,
and gives tho following statement of the con
dition of the works and the enjoyment to be
had in that vicinity :
Tho platform is closo to tho government
works, and we had no sooner touched the
ground than we wended our way to the locks
and canal. We saw a great many men at
work, and derricks hoisting and placing in
position heavy rocks. In tho evening we
made a pleasant call on Capt. Price, whom
we found gentlemmlvand courteous and wil
ling to give any information desired. In the
morning he took us all over tho works and
explained everything in detail. There were
225 men at work, under supervision of fore
men, but wo will speak more in detail after a
report has been rendered to tho Boa,d of
Trade. Capt. Price appeared to be thoroughly
interested in tho enterprise, and would like to
see any of our citizens, to whom he would
tako gnat pleasure in explaining everything
connected with the works.
Perhaps Cascade Locks wilt never be a
place of much commercial importance, but in
summer it will always constitute one of the
most pleasant'resorts. Good fishing 'can be
had a few miles distant, and tho water and
healthful location make it a very desirablo
place. The view is magnificent from any
part of tho town. The river sweeps onward
lu its course, and around it are the pine-clad
summits of the Cascades. Away in the dis
tance can be discerned a few peaks with ever
lasting coverings of snow, which furnish a
cooling breeze for the nights of summer.
Alfalfa In Douglas County.
Concerning tho growing of grasses in our
State and the importance of them, when the
future meat supply is considered, cannot be
over-estimated. We have published much on
this subject, and shall continue to do so until
we see the object at which wo aim accom
plished, Tho Roseburg I'laintlraler of late
date says .
Hon. Thomas Smith, one of Douglas
county's sturdy farmers, called on us last
Saturday, and brought with him two alfalfa
roots, which were a little over seven feet in
length, Mr. Smith sys that alfalfa, though
little cultivated in Douglas county, is the
most profitable of any of tho grasses now
used for hay, and the theory that its roots
cannot be killed out when desired is errone
ous, as he has cultivated it for years, and
then pb.wed the soil and sown gram on the
same with a better result than other meadows
seeded with grain. From an alfalfa meadow
two good crops of hay can be harvested every
season and thereafter afford good pastureage
for sheep during the fall.
Immigration to the Northwest.
San Francisco, April 9. The Immigration
boom to the Northwest is at its bight.
Despite the liberal offers made by land agents
here, bat few immigrants arriving by way of
the Central and Southern Pacific railroad are
intending to settle permanently in this State
It is a noticeable fact that over tlirve-fouttlis
of tht.ni shortly after their arrival here find
their way to Oregon ami Washington Tern
tory. As a rule, they come provided with
through tickets, anil the favorite way of ob
taining liiforuatioti about the country is to
semi an advance agent, whose duty it is to
report upon the general features of the coun
try and its adsptibility to their purposes.
Under the management of II, Widdick, of
Colorado, a company of 250 immigrants, all
practical German farmers, who organized and
left Denver fourteen days ago, en route to
Washington Territory. Thov leavo to-morrow
morning on the Sound steamer and pro
pose to settle in Snohomish, rear the river of
that name, where also they propone to otali
lish the nuc eus of a thrill ig town. Bime
Ctnadiaus leave by tho same steamer for
Yale, under cnntrct with the Canadian Pa
cific. In tddition to the al ove, a large num
ber of immigrants will start for Seattle and
Eastern Oregon during the latter portion of
next veek.
NO. 9.
THE DETAINED IMMIORANTS.
Mr. Vlllard Orders that a Special Steamif
Carry them to the Northwest.
San Francisco, April 10. Investigation
into the complaints of immigrants who reach
this city, on their way to Oregon anoVWash'
ington Territory, who experience consider'
able delay in obtaining passage to the scene!
of future settlement, has been commenced by
Henry V.llard, with a prospeot of being
speedily abated. Since his arrival here muoh
of his time has been devoted to the ameliora
tion of ther condition while waiting passage)
for the Northwest generally, and to a personal
inspection of the various lines of travel under
his control. Complaints were recently made
that immigrants coming from the section of
country traversed by tho Union Pacifio rail
road were subjected to considerable annoy
ance, because of the confusion and inconveni
ence resulting from the purchase ot through
tickets. So great bas been the rash for ae
enmmodations on outgoing steamers that It
was found impossible to satisfy the demand)
and in consequence those who wero not fortu
nate enough co make close connections were
obliged to wait for tho next sttamer at ex
penses which they were not prepared to meet.
This state of affairs was established to the
satisfaction of tho president of tho Northern
Pacifio this afternoon by a visit to the Broad
way etret t wharf, shortly prior to the sailing
of the steamer George V, Elder for Wash
ington Territory and British Columbia. The
wharf was literally crowded with passengers,
a great number of whom were unable to se
cure tickets for that steamer. It is impossl
ble to torm any approximate idea of the num
her in the steerage, though no doubt she car
ried the full number allowed by law. The
immigrants consisted mainly of farmers and
their families, over 100 children being in
eluded. So great was the rush that the im
migrants appeared to be somewhat confused,
and when the steamer had cleared, the atten
tion of Captain Good all was directed to an old
fellow who was frantically shaking his hat
from a port holo and crying out to some one
on tho wharf to come aboard. A woman,
leading four little ones, shot to the front of
tho wharf and by her cries suocotded in hav
ing the steamor put back to the wharf, after
which the gang plank was again lowered and
the woman anil childrt n taken in charge by
the excited immigrant. As soon as Mr. Vil
lard w as satisfied of tho nature and extent of
tho complaints, he gave orders that the first
steamer in from the north should be imme
diately fitted for the return trip, and accord
ingly the steamer Mississippi has been de
tailed to sail next Friday for tho purpose of
enabling immigrants for tho Northwest to
sail w itliout tho delay occasioned by waiting
for the departure of the next regular Sound
steamer.
Hotel runners have commenced war against
tho steamship lines running to Oregon and
Washington Territory, in consequence of an
i rdcr recently promulgated which preventta
them from boarding the vessels on their
arrival or departure. Tho oompanies recently
bicaino satisfied that there was much cause of
complaint, on tho part of immigrants, of the
dishonest treatmet t they experienced at the
hands of tho runners of hotels patronised by
them, the invariable ctiatom of the latter be
ing to solicit patronage on a pioiuise to land
the immigrants and their baggage, iroo of
charge, at tho wharf, and after having in
duced i hem to stop at their houses, taking oc
casion to chargo for the passage to aud fro 31
the hotel on the day of their departure, In
order to revenge themselves upon the steam
ship .companies for interfering with the
"royal preserves," the runners refuse to do
liver the trunks inside the gates of the
wharves, compelling immigrants to hire ex
pressmen in order to convey tin i r traps to tho
steamship landings. The companies will re
taliate by notifying immigrants not to give
checks for baggage to hotel runners, but to
deal with tho established transfer uoinpanies.
San Fhancihco, April 11. A largo force of
men was put at work immediately on the
arrival of the collier Mississippi, in order to
discharge the vessel and get her in readiness
to sail on Friday for Seattle with 300 immi
grants who were unable to obtain passage by
the regular steamer, the George W, Rider.
Despite th reinforcement, it has been found
impossible to get the vorsel in readiness on
such short notloe, and her sailing has been
postponed till Saturday morning. It is
rumoured in shipping circles that increased
regular steamor service to tho Sound will
snortly Im made. Merohants are disposed to
regard the report as authentic, in consequence
of the large freight traffic, which has been
steadily increasing for the past few mouths.
WEATHER REPORT FOR IDAHO.
Statement showing the maximum, mint
mum and mean temperature and the precipi
tation in Inches and hundreths, at Lowiston,
Idaho, for each month of the year 1382, as
compiled from the records on filo at the offico
of the chief Signal oliiccr, U, S. Army, at
Washington, D 0.
TKMrrKAUKK.
MOtTII.
MIS. m. j HA1
Jsnusry ... MO 10 3 31.9
Hebnury MO 2.5 s:is
lUrch . 7 6 25 0 it H
April 70 I S2.H H I)
II. y 87 U 39 0 54.0
June " 5 -.11.3 U9.4
July .. 104 8 44.0 71 i)
August 100. (I 45 0 74 4
Hei.tHjWr. .. U1.6 30 0 U.I I
(ktob-r M 0 .13 O 14 3
Novem Wr . . H 6 ID 0 37 J
Dunnlwr 63 7 0 i 37 0
rnscir-
ITiTIOI
iW
O 71
0 i7
0 SO
n HI
n :w
o u
o.mi
0 iij
t 8.1
1 S7
4 U
Nervousness, peevishness, and fretting, so
often connected with overworked females'
lives is rapidly relieved by Brown's, Iron
Hitters.