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Notice to Subscribers.
OrHtr Of WIILAFTTK KAftMCB, I
I- cl ruiry 20, 18V) I
TO OCR KrADfRB .
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Jf It Is desirod by subscribers t secure all Isbiics they
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Another Important Hut AM. COMMUNICATIONS
AND LKTThKS SHOLM) UK AUIIKL&btll TO TIIK
Mlll.l.llll.lli: t--AltHI.lt,"
Drawer 13, Portland, Oregon
We CAM. attention to the fact that tho
Fakmkk is the true mUocatoof all farmers,
A void spoken m cur hchalf cannot be amis.
Try and get lie up a club. See our oficr on
the eighth page.
We are in lecciptut the Commercial llrrald
published by I). C. Ireland A. Co., of this
city. 1 lie typographical work is first clais,
and an far an that goes it cm nut be h ttered,
but lor heaven's bake, who mil start another
paper in I'urtland ? Oregon stems to hau an
overabundance of newspapers. If they wculd
adheie strictly to decent prices for advertise
ments and insist on cash in advanco for sub
scription, all would bo well.
S.tLK.M is greatly interested in tho project
or building at that place by the Scotch gen
tlemm who liavu taken hold so energetically
to assist tho furtunos of tho Capital city.
The building of a largo factory that will man
ufacture Ortgon wool and employ hand
enougu to support a huudreJ families, will be
a crowning mercy fur Salem and a resulting
benefit to the u holu country. We under
stand that the eunstiuetiuu of tho woolen fac
tory depends entirely on tho conclusion Mr.
Stewuit, who is interested in the Capital
Mills, may come to. M.. Stewart is an ex
perienced manufacturer of woolens. His ex
perience is relied on by tho reatot those inter
ested, and li ho is satisfied to build tho work
Will soon commence. Ho was to leave Scot
laud for Oregon on the first of April to come
here for the purpose of determining whether
or no the woolen factory shall Ihi undertaken.
8o the people of Salem will soon know the
(ate of their favorite project. They have sub
scribed liberally ($15,000) to tho enterprise,
M a bonus for itseonstruction, and it is to be
hoped that they will not lie disappointed.
"Death loves a shining mark," This week
we are called upon to aiinouine thu decease
of Mr. Charles Hodge, of thu firm of Hodge,
Davis A. Co., of this city, who died of pneu
monia. Mr. Hodiro was a good man in the
true acceptance of tho word. In all respects
he was cstimablu and added to the worth of
the world in which ho lived. The community
of which he was an active and efficient citi
zen, mourns his loss as it will grieve for very
few. He was exceptional and to bo envied as
the possessor of an even disposition and well
well balanced niimt, He was a worker in the
chuii.li, a worker in our public schools, a
leader in all progress, a representative ot tho
best business of 1'ortlaud, and socially hew-as
beloved by all who knew him. He could not
havo had an enemy aud counted many r.s his
friends. When such a man dies the world
seems, to his friends, to have sufleud irrepar
able hiss, to have shrunken in its sympathies,
and become unkind ill its fatalities. We knew
and appreciated Mr, Hodge many years, aud
while, wu mourn a friend who is no more,
what must bo the allhetion to thu homo he
loved aud to thu wife and daughter to whom
)ie was more than words can tell? (5od
comfort them I
WOOL AND THE TARIFF.
The n vision of the ttmll has made a reduc
tion in the duty uu wool, which may seem to
our wo 1 glowers a blow at their interests,
but a look ut thu existing fic'ts will show that
wool production in thin rigiou will not sutler.
If we. correctly understand the matter the
old tan II levied a duty of ten cents per pound
On imported wool aud an adilitioual ad va
lorem tiu ot ten per cent. The rev ued tarill
merely leaves the duty ten nuts a pound,
which is certainly all thu protection we need
forOrigou wool. Indeed, at thu present time
wcol It worth IS pence, or ,U) ceuta per i ouu 1
in Au.traliu, and the tame would only bring
55 or SO cents iu Oregon. Thu Knglisl.
market is to day so high that if there was no
July wools could uot bo imported. Oregon
wool can bu sent to Kuglaud now, and sol I
without loss. With teu cents ap uml duty
Impel tid wind would have to be of a er
uuuoua! price here Ik' I ore our wooleu null'
could atlord to import from Australia We
recollect that io years ago, when woed was
worth slaty cent a pound here, the Oit-g i
Citj nulla imported wool, or taught Austi.tl.
ln wend ut San Francisco, and handled it at
a profit. If a duty can only afUct our honit
wool gruvven when their wool is worth nvn
40 t-eut-i tluu we tired uot fear evil results
Todt). tafore mills here could import fr in
Au-tralli, wool would have to be about l."
cents a I ouud. The production of wool is
tlietefore, one of the safest ami m at profit
able f our domestic industries. In view o
this fact it ii well enough to look at the nut
t--r of wcol growing in Western Oregon.
L-inprjua urectiers nave- wstu i..,,.s w ......
well up ill .Merino and their wool avenges
mora in price per pound than Willame'te
ool. Kast of the mcuntaui", too, where
their flocks are counted by thousand', they
breed w.th care and their wool improves
steadily m cjuality, whilo Willa-nette valley
fleeces grow as steadily coursir and poorer.
In this alley they keep sheep more as scavengers-
than aught else, and the mutton and
wool produced is to much gain, but there is
inducement for careful breeding here, farmers
should study to combine mutton and wool,
breed for sio ai well as flee'.e, and supply our
growingdemanl for good meats. This city
and all thu towns have to buy meat and will
give a good price for better quality of mutton.
The mnn who go s to work systematically and
practically to mike his sheep produce good
mutton and as good fleece s as can be com
bincd with superior meat, will fill a need that
exists now and will greatly increase. We
have asked our friends to work up this sub
ject in our columns, but hate not rretwith
rusponses to correspond with tho importance
of the subject. The n traduction of oliroph
shires is a good move in the right direction,
but there are other mutton breeds and desir
able crosses, The farmer with a small flock
can add considerably to their value by breed
ing in tho right direction to give weight and
valuo to tho increase, and if he will pursue
the proper courso can get price enough to
justify care and attention and good breeding
through the winter months. This matter of
making wool and mutton combine in our
Willamette flocks is of great importance to
all tho land owners of Western Oregon and
needs immediate attention.
THE FKUIT INTEREST.
Mr. John Muir, superintendent of tratlio of
the N. I. H. K. Co., when lately at the east,
as he informs us, bad a conversation with
Messrs. Drake Ilros. of St. Paul, a large com
mission house, Willi abundant means, who are
anxious to handle Oiegon fruit when the rail
road is running through. Mr. Muir says the
company intends to do all that is reasonable
to cuootirago fruit growing in this section,
aud he believes that the region the road will
traverse is certain to allbrd a good market for
all tho fruit we can supply. The Central
Pacific charges 800 a car load for transport
ing green fruit to Chicago; the N. P. K. II.
is figuring on $000 to St. Paul, which should
prove an equally good market, while the
country between us aud that point will also
consume largely. We shall corre-ipond with
Messrs. Drake Uros. to learn their views on
this impoitaut question, anil report the same
for the benefit of our readers. Tho Kakmi.ii
has continually held up the importance of
fruit growing, in fuvorablo localities, and we
are now more satisfied, than evei before, t.iat
our people have paid too little attention to
orcharning. Tho Northern Pacific proposes
to transport green fruits on passenger time,
which will be only five days to St. Paul and
less to intermediate points. This will etiaLle
our fruit growers to placo their products on
tho eastern market in good condition. Kvery
variety ot fruit can be transported on those
t.rnis, that can bear the charge of transporta
tion, We shall endeavor to ascertain what
fruits will bo iu beat demand and what prices
may bo counted on. That Northern Missis.
sippi valley region will be a reliable customer
because they tan grow very few fruits to ad
vantage, and, of course, will have to purch
ase from countries that can produce. Tiny
will not ouly consume our gicen fruits but
will afford tho most reliable market for our
dried fruits and canned products.
Last fall tho writer made a journey to Cal
ifornia to obsorvo their methods for growing,
drying aud canning fruits. It is almost in
credible but the fruit business of California
amounts to about ten millions of dollars a
year. That state grows semi-tropical fruits
iu its southern counties, bat cannot equal
our northern lauds iu producing fruits of ex
cellent quality natural to the temperate zone.
Our region has advantages that cannot easily
be summed up or estimated, which need only
to be taken advantage of to grea ly enrich
those who improve them. Seven years ago
we commenced planting prunes, and last
yiai as we have befuie told had nearly
'JO0O pounds of excellent dried fimt olT a
single acre the second time tho trees ever
tare. The other iWy wo visited tho orchard
and found flOOO trees going out of bloom aud
mostly full of fruit germs, giving promise of
abundant yield thu present season. So far as
wo can leant the orchards of Westru Oiegon
are promising well and thoso w ho havo fruit
and take good care of it will reap very certain
rewards. The opening of the Northern Pa
cific road will create a demand for all our pro
ducts at a reasonable and perhaps a full price.
It is now (vast the seaaou for tree planting.
I he best season is the autumn. The best
1 cations wo know of are the lull regions of
this and other valleys orchards of apples
aud pears succeed better than atone fruits on
the prairies. Iu the interest of the farming
community we urge that tree planting and
ftuit growing should assume far greater ro
portioua than that intirest has at present.
While it is well enough to be ready to take
advantage of any market that may oiler for
green fruit, It is unsafe to raise fruit in Urge
quantity expecting to market It in the green
state. The fruit grower should he in.lep.-iul-eut
of (ircuiuttincts. As Mr. Jessup, of
California, wrote in a recent letter to the
KviiMUi, the green fruit market it uncertain
and Itthle to hw, while the ease with which
Iruit iuu bu dried, to that it will keep for
year, makes it possitue tor tne orenaretlst to
become a mtuulattuicr and place his product
i'i a condition to take aovautagn of the
world's demands at his leisure. Kxcelleuce
iu preparing fruit will insure a fair price aud
our experience l tbat ilrieil truit ot superior
qua! ty can U made by auy careful person
.sholias a good dner. The competition iu
iisuuf.i turv of fruit driers baa uvuri-el several
that do exc llcut weik and that are within
he means of II fruit raiser.
WILLAMETTE VAEMEE: PORTLAND, OREGON, APRIL
FUGET SOUND AND HER PROSPECTS
Only a few jears ago ihe Pacific North
west was comparatively unknown, Puct
Sound, in conjunction with his whole legion,
was sparsely settled. Todiymu:h ii,terest
is taken iu the Pacific Northwest; much val
uable information is being published; many
wilhnp hands arc exttnled ti grasp those of
the incoming immigrant The who'e country
is realizing a great era of pro-p rity and pro
gress everything commands a higher value.
All this change has been wrought by one cor
poration. While Oregon and the lllamette
Valley proper is receiving to much of this
world's goods, our neighboring State of
Washington is keeping pace with us. Her
towns are growing more populous; her sea
ports more and better known, and every pro
duet in greater demaud. The time will come
when thu fir clad hills will bo covered with
fields of growing cereals and dotted with
dwellings. It is a fact that underneath those
giant trees lu richer soil than Kisttrn Ore
gon or Eastern Washington can ,ioast of; soil
that extends deep into the eaith the alluvial
accumulations of ages, which at present bears
with tho utmost of cose its millions ot giant
trees. Surely it is j list as capable of produc
lug, just as easily, millions of bushe's of
gram, for it is highly susceptible of cultiva
tion, the only thing lacking is the enterpris
ing settler to clear it and rrake it change fiom
a howling wilderness to civiliz tion in its
fullest extent. Regarding the capabilities of
Puget Sound we can state as follows : During
the in nth of March, 1883, the commerce
showed thu following, as an index to its
growing commerce: Coal exports during
March aggregated at that port 15,30.. tons, all
for San Francisco except one cargo, which
went to Portland. Twelve ships took cargoes
of lumber to foreign ports, their destination
being, three for Honolulu, f cur for Valpaiaiso,
two for Iquiqui, and one each for Callao,
Sydney and Melborne, Their cargoes aggre
gate in value $118 7811, or equivalent to nealy
10,000,000 feet of rough lumber at current
rates. Beef I as taken another advance, and
now retails at '25 cents a pound. For the first
tune in our history, importations are made
from British Columbia. Lumber, commenc'ng
the tit at of April, will be advanced by mills
to local trade 50 cents per thousand, rates
ranging from SI 2.50 to $-0 per thousand feet,
according to quality. Great activity exists at
this pjiut in steamboat building. Three new
steamers have been completed here since tho
first of January, and six or now building. The
hop fields of Washington Territory coveied
about 1,000 acres of laud last year, and pro
duced 1,000,000 pounds of hops, which real
ized tho gtoweis $1,000,000. It is estimated
that bOO acres of new vines have been put in
this year, and that the whole yield will be
'J,400,000 pouudB in 18SI1. Growers expect to
get 50 cents pel pjuud tins coming year.
Ihe lumbering industry promises to grow
rapidly, and is centering around Seattle.
Four years ago there was only one saw null
in the city and oue other on the bay opposite
the city. Now there are six within the limits
and three more building, with two on the
other side of the bay. In the county there
are sixteen saw mills, including those build
ing, the aggregate cutting capacity of w hich
is 20,000 feet a day. Within twenty miles
of Settle, and including the sixteen in the
county above referred to, are saw mills of on
million feet a day capacity. At no other
point west of the Kooky Mountains is there
each extensive and such a growing lumber
interest as here
MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES NEEDED
WAITINO OPPORTUNITIES.
At this time, w hen so much attention is
paid to our region, and so much capital and
enterprise are enlisting in the development of
the Pacific Northwest, It seems tho proper
thiug to call the attention of Eastern manu
facturers aud capitalists to some openings that
can be, and should be. tilled. Manufacturing
interests are developing in all diiections.
Our mines of iron are commencing to be
worked on a large Bcale, and the pig iron
made within eight.nules of Portland is of the
best quality. Uur lumbtring interests have
long constituted an important industry, and
have made the shores aud waters of Puget
B.OUI1U, tne vo.umu , .,..,..- v.v,
. 1 .,l-.-. hrtrtts. lins-liAi a aluiA iSK I
1. ..1 .L. na.onl... (....A. or.Mi.in .,! Prtio I
Kays, anil otner utruu uu.uuio, auc iui
working mills and rich m thriving towns.
That industry has heretofore been limited to
the needs of Pacific countries, but the time
has come w hen cargoes aro shipped to the
other side of the world, a demand that
must rapidly increase, as all old countries, in
cluding our own Atlantic States, realize the
faLt that their foiests are growing leas, and
the price of lumber advancing. The world
will have to draw heavily henceforth on our
Pacific for its timber, and wo may expect an
advauce in its value as a consequence.
Various projects fer the manufacture of
agricultural machinery in Oregon have Wen
started, at different times, bi.t have failed of
auccisuful working, for various reasons we
need not name, chief of which was the new
ness of our region, and the difficulty existing
to properly orgauize great industrial enter
prise'. But the time has fully come wheu
this lecion can couduct such manufactures to
a succt taful issue. We have here the wood
and tho iron of beat matviial for such uses.
It is actually a question if wc ship timber
Hist, to come hack in manufactuied shape, or
build roach nciy aud wagons here and save
ftei.httge both wa. The material for work
la htie, aud the queatuu of labor supply
conns next. Iu this leaped our couutry las
met w ilh great changes. Among the thous
ands aud tein of thousands who are arriving
are a full proportion ol skilled mechanics,
and the completion of the Northern route
will brim; hither, in grrat numbers, such
latarers as soon as they can be utilized. The
whole of Western Oregou abounds iu water
powers that aie uufaihug iu supply aud un-
IiiiiiUhI in force. No prtion of Amine has
liefer facilities of this kind, and aa jet they
are not held at exhcibiUut prices. Thee, un.
try would citcrly welcome a ulasist nil nn I
enterprises.
There is a mot invi-ine liel 1 for both capi
tal and labcr, and one that will scon ba np
predated ami occupied. The early projector
did net possess the financial strength neces
sary, for it is useless to attempt such woik
without it can be carried on 111 such a nunnei
as great establishments work at the Kat. ll
would seem only natural tint great Kisteri
factories should enter this field, with a view
to utilizing th-iron and wood of the North
Pacific fcr the supply of all our coast with
their agricultural machinery. Iraneporta'iou,
from some favorable point in UVsteru Ore
gon to all parts of the Pacific Northwest anil
of California, as well as of the other Pacific
w heat-grow ing countries, can be had in a short
time, so that we can manufacture hcie and
compete with Eastern works. Labor ou(.ht
to Le at laics paid tlvowheie, b- cause the cost
of lit nig need net be as much here as in tl e
Mi Bsippi valley.
Anolhtr ilupoitaiit featuie of ourpiosent
aud futuie is the fact that we ate on the eve
of vast pioductiou. In the past the tiaile in
agricultural macliinciy mid fanning imple
11 ents lias been immense, but it will vastly
increase fiom year to year, as our mteriot
w heat fields arc settled and cultivated ai d
swell our product to tens of millions of bush
els of grain. Having traveled over the In'aud
Kmpirc of this Northwest and discovered that
its lesourccs and capacity for production can
not be told, because they assume constantly
largtr proportions as they aro better under
stood, wc realize that the demand fcr such
manufactuies must greatly increase each year,
aiitt will fully justify investment on a grand
scale, and abundantly reward the cntcrpnst
that shall take hold with financial strength
and true business enterprise and energy to
occupy the now almost vacant field.
The interview we publish this week, where
a representative of the Oreyoman saw Col. T.
Kgerton Hogg, of the Oregon Pacific, in San
Francisco, aud received more profanity than
reply to rcasoneble questions, corresponds
with our views of that gentleman. We were
lately assured that by April 1st, thousands of
workmen were to commence rushing work on
the Yaquma road. We did not believe it
then and must say now that Col. Hogg and
his consorts have made promi-es enough and
would do better tj pospoue further buiicome
until there is some pertormance of past prom
ises. It takes millions of money to build
railroads and capital does not invest without
there is some reasonable outlet. Unfortu
nately, Yaquina Bay cannot bo made a har
bor to accommodate large vessels without
years of time and expenditure of large sums
by government. The failure of the liver and
harbor bill is a seri.us iujury to Oregon com
merce and severe on Yuquiua Bay, that can
not need a railroad until it can be made
a harbor. This proposition is very plain and
so simple in its truth that every reader should
see that it is correct. The time may, and we
hope will coaie, when Yaquina Bay will re
lieve the commerce cf Oiegon and benefit the
farmers of the Willamette, but that time is
too remote, from present indications, for any
one to bare many ftopes upon it.
Wild oats are proving an unusual crop
this season, and many resowu fields have
come up full of these pests. They can be cut
for hay .f the fields will not pay to thresh,
and yet people do not like to lose the chince
of a good wheat crop. The theory that some
advance is, that the loosening of tho soil by
frost has stimulated the growth of the wild
oats and caused them to come up w hen other
wise they would not have sprouted. How to
get rid of wild oats is a question that has
never been answered. They once ret posses
sion and then occupy in defiance of all efforts
to the contrary. People who do not have
them should use every effort to keep clear of
them. The subject is very important to
farmers cast of the Cascades where these field
pests have not yet got possession, They
should sow clean seed and never let a w ild
oat appear.
Oregon Saddles Abroad
Last week we were iu Mr. J. B. Cougle's
wholesale harness si op and noticing a parcel
mnrlipil for San Rranefsen whinl. nmi&l
...
be a (adale made tQ or(,er . thls weH k
establishment. The reputation of Oregon
work is good and our readers will probably be
surprised when we state that alongside the
saddle marked for Sau Fraucisce was also one
for Moutana, while near by was a set of har
ness tor Spokane Falls. Mr Congle informed
us that he had within the past year shipped
40 sets of harness to Salt LakeCity. The sup
erio workmanship together with a lesser price
is how Connie comes to send his wares
through San Francisco to a foreign market.
A K1CII HIM: IUsCOIEKED.
A Connor creek correspondent w rites the
Mountain Stitttnal aa follows; A splendid dis
covery was made a few days since in the Con
ner creek quartz u.iue, ever since the advent
of Mr. Fraule as superintendent of that prop
erty It has been his opinion that another val
uable ledge independent of one they were
wo king exitted in tie ground, and upon
whatever theory that opinion was based its
correctness is proven, in driving a cross cut
at the five huudred dot level an entirely dif
ferent eiu was struck, tunning parellel with
the old ledge, and about thirty feet higher up
the lull, the new ein where cut is fully elev eu
feet wide aud shows the richest rock: I have
ever seen. Some of it s so tl ickly impreg
nated wuli the precious metal that when tro
ken with s hammer the pieces are held to
gether by strings of gold. It it impossible to
even estimate the value of the discovery, and
in vuwiug It oue is reminded of thcts fabu
lous tale, iu Arahian nights, and can aim at
imagine Mr. Faull must be potesed of Alia
dm a lau p, that it is a Kmid thiug for the
district w ho can doubt, surely some enter
prism- lud v ulualt can nw be found to res
pe-ct the adioiniuc .round
Tor Coughs) and Throat Disorders
ue Uhows IthOM-illAL Thociio. ' Have
TZiJ' 1"'
which I begau by thinking weil oi."-Htr.
llrniy II tin littehtr. bold
I'nce 25 cent'
only iu boxes
0, 13.
Jmtorul Correal ouilm e
IDAHO AND NORTHWESTERN
MONTANA
NORTHERN
At tiu 1 mint, Maich 30, 1SS3
The Spokai 1 plain, thirty miles 111 length,
laying from lime to fight mi'cs wide, is
p,rtl in Washington mil partly in Id din.
It is a bed of hue feraiel with alluvial mixed
wit 1 it, and is said to bring good crops where
it can leiitigiled The vieinitvof Sp ikan.
is ail gravelly, but is becoming valuable be
cause of the success tint attends cultivation
wherever atteml ted. Katlnlruni is a point
near Lake Caiir d'Alene, situated 011 the
ncithof this plain, and the poi tion of it ad
joining the town and Ijinn east of it has more
allmnl, i-1 etti r soil, and olleis good induce
incuts for settlement. S nth of here, all the
w . to the gi ige where Snake nicr emerges
fiomtrc Blue .Mountains, some distance south
of Ltwiston, for a hundred miles or more, the
choicest lands of the Noithv est aie found 111
Idaho in the narrow strip east of the Wash
mgtoii and Idaho line and west of the Ca-ur
d'Alene Mountains, rauj.iug'10111 ten to thirty
miles in width, on the head waters of the Pa
louse and other sti earns, some running north
into ihe Spokane, and some south into the
Charwatei. Noithein Idaho tapers to a point
almost, and possesses only this narrow but
veiy feitile stnp and its pioportion of the
Cciur d'Alene Mountains. Leaving Kath
drum the railioad turns moie northward, fol
lowing up a pass or valley a few miles wide,
until it leaches the tipperindof Pen d'Oieille
Lake, an arm of which it crosses, follows
dow n its eastern shore to Clai ke's fork of the
Columbia, and then takes eastward, into
Montana, following that stream. The country
above Rathdiuin is sometimes open, but gen
erally covered with forests. There is a saw
mill along the load, now and then, but the
11 uantity of Lood timber is disappointing. It
is true the mountains are foiest coveied, but
the proportion of land actually covered with
good timber is small. We saw nofaimsall
along this route for over a bundled miles,
and no evidence of settlement eceptthat
biw mills aie at woik oecasiunal'y, whero the
timber is of good gVowth. It is doubtless
t ue that the best locations will be settled on
befoie long. Tlieie are many spots where the
soil is fair looking, and alciig the river the
elevation is not so gieat as in many of the
most favored portions of the Palouse country
Pen d'Oreille Lake is only 2,2o0 feet above
the sea level, and consideiable hind around it
should produce well if cleared and cultivated,
It is a good grascouutiy wherever the native
grass can grow, an 1 those w ho know the re
girn all around tell of rich valleys alon the
Kootenai and other tributaiies of the Colum
bia. Stock roam these valleys and winter
well. In its present new condition the coun
ty is not understood or appreciated, but 111
time some of it will be utilised for civilized
purposes. It is not easy to discover much
value to the land grant, from an agricultural
standpoint, anywhere in Idaho or Moutana
until you reach the neighborhood of Missoula.
For neaily 200 miles the read goes through a
region whose possibilities it will assist to de
velopment, but from which it caunot expect
many benefits soon, if ever. It will give value
to all territory of the United States north to
to the B itish line, and give the valleys we
have alluded to every pi ssible opportunity
for improvement. It imy be that mineral re
sources will be found that are not now under
stood Noithern Montana has deposits of
precious metaU, and these may prove of im
portance when the railroad makes their devel
opment possible.
About one hundred miles from Sand Point
(on Lake Pen d'Oreille), after following
Clarke's fork thiough all its windings for that
distance (it must be recollected that Pen
d'Oreille Lake itself is ouly the widened
channel of the Clarke's foi k), we came to a
beautiful mountain valley, or rather a moun
tain ampitheater six miles wide, of rich allu
vial, surrounded by bold eminences, called
Horse Plains. The name is prosaic, but the
spit is very beautiful, and its soil wonderfully
fertile. A gentleman connected with the sur
vey s of the Northern Pacific, who had the
facts iu his pocket book, told me that
Horse Plains has an elevation of only
2.4S9 feet above the sea level, which
gives it a warmer climate than most
of the Palouse and Spokane country has, Its
sheltered position is also in its favor. About
a dozen settlers are located on these beautiful
plains. They irrigate the land, except close
to the ri er, and produce enormous crops. I
took breakfast in a rather primitive way in a
shanty made of rough boards and canvass,
and kept by Neptune Lynch, the oldest set
tler on the plains, who came and located there
in 1864 Mr. Lynch has had nineteen years
experience and is satisfied with his lot. He
to k pains to inform me of his methods and
his results. Last year he raised 2,300 sacks
of potatoes and sold them at 2Jc to 5c ter
pmiid. He also grw cabbages, ruta-begas
and turneps, selling at a good price. He
gre-vcorn, 40 bushels to the acre; wheat,
SO bushels ; all sorts of vegetables thrive
amazingly, includme tomatoes and water
melons. It was surprising, but true, that
here in Montana, hundreds of miles beyond
Spokane Falls, we found a mouutain valley
that produces many vegetables that cannot be
as readily grow n in the Palouse country south
of there. Mr. Lynch told with pride about
his orchard and Line apples and pears, plums
and cherries.
Some little distance beyond Horse Plains is
Paradise, a smaller alley of similar character.
It is sixty miles from Paradise to Missoula
and the road is now finished to the Missoula
river. At to how people succeed who locate
so far from cuiliration, you can jude by the
success Mr. Lynch has realized, The coming
of the railroad brought him a market for all
he could grow. He appreciated the oppor
tunity and evidently prepired for it. As to
how - he ma aged to exist before the railroad
- P Vcar, .So he had
8jme m,aa &t n""'"J "J bought sixty
head ot cow i w ith it, that have since increesed
to hundreds and h:ve made him and his three
sons rich. He siys t'ltir cittle lange forovtr
a Inn ttreil nines, cnituy 111 tuo valley of tb.
Littl- Flathead river. Ho says thne u -j, j
cellent ran,e in many directions, and ia , j
tho time ho Ins been tluio snow onlyfen'
over two inches in depth at two different
times. His loists do uotexcecil 20to30hnJ '
Ollt Ol ouu or ooj ia any w luier. eg
Tow aids Missoula, and beyond it, ind trib. ll
lltary to It, mere is consiuerauie goon countrj
lyin3' in the form of narrow valleys that st(
already considerably settled. Beyond are th(
Kocky mountains. At Horsn Phins we hj
passed out of the heavy forest region and finj
mountains and hills more or less covered with
hunch L'ras.
About Pen d'Oriello and in Clark's Fork I
Were are many une puiuis 01 scenery that
will attract tourists and interest all who pjjj,
You are all the while surrounded bysnoir
capped ranges, except in the summer season
ami at all times theso mountain vistas, chang!
ing and varying with every turn, bring the
mind into sublime contemplation of nature
and devout communion with the Great Archi
teot of the Universe. S. A, C.
Dyspepsia, the bugbear of epicureans, will W
b3 relieved by Brown s Iron Bittir". Wk
Several luudrod men aro engaged in ihi '
nni..friiMtnn .f thn rnllrn-iH nnmntn, t, .
watron r ad between Gravo and Cow creplti ll
w liie.li w ill bo completed before long. This iV
road will enable them to get iu their supplies t
ut all turns, and work to mueh better ad
vantage. T. K. Habersham, cneineer in charge at
olf creek, wants a nuinbir of two anil four,
horse teams to work on tho grade there. The
former will be paid S4 70 per day, and the
latter $7, teamsters furnishing their uvea
feed, or the company will furnish it at ccst
price.
The force at work on the exteusion will
soon be operating between the big tunnels,
Owing to the great expense of transporting
supplies over the mountains, it is not likely
that any grading will be done on this side of
the Grave creek tunnel until it is completed,
Three carloads of Chinese laborers passed
thiough Chico recently en route to the
terminus of the California and Oregon Rail
road, whero they will begin work on the ex
tension. Their immediate attention will be
occupied in buildine wagon-roads, so that
supplies can be hauled to the men at work on
t is railroad
Oregon Knilwny unci Naviga
tion Company.
OCEAN DIVISION.
Between San Francisco and Portland,
Ltavhut San Francisco at 10 a. si.
btate ot
California.
T Qnceo
I of the Pacific
Oregon.
I
Apr
April
Hay
0 April
2 ll April
.. .J April
0
April
April
April.
Maj
May .
3 April.
. 1!
51
..
.
..JO
IS
30
..12
21
Apru.
Miy ..
Mav..
May ..
.May
11 VIS
May l,May.
Lcav e Portland at 12 00 o'clock, Vlclnlxfit.
April. . 2Aprll 11 April Is Ap il 9
April .. lliApril. ... Si A nl 20Apiil 17
April.... SI, May.. f.Inj... . 2 April ... 29
May MMa ., . 17 May UMiy 11
Ma). . 21) Ma) 20 Way.. ,2b May ... 23
Through Tickets sold to all colnts In the United
States, Canada and Europe.
Right resen cd to change steamers or saitinr ctae 9
Fare Cabir,S20 fte-rnBe, 810. Children, 12 years,
full fare; from 12 to 6, half fare; nnder 6, free.
Each full ticket Is allowed 150 pounds baggage free;
half tickets in like ptoponion. All over wetirtit, 2 cents
per pound extra No treasure received as baggage.
No liabilit) assumed for los of baggage ov er $100
RAILROAD DIVISIONS.
On and al'cr March IS, 1883
LEAVE: Portland at 7:20 A. M.; Alblna at 8 00 A. H.
AUItlVE: at AlblnatllOP.M.; Porthnd at7.0OP.M.
MIDDLE COLUMBIA, WILLAMETTE A.1D
YAMHILL Kit KB. UlllslU.V,
Leave Portland I 1
tor Mon. Tues.Wod.ThnrFrl. Sat.
Dalles and Upper ""
Columbia..... 7 AM 7 AM 7 All 7 AM 7 A M 7 A M
Astoria and Low
er Columbia. . . 6AM 6 AM 1 ' si 6 All 6 A M 6 A H
Dayton 7 All 7 AM 7AM
Victoria, BC... 6AM jAM 6AM
Corvallis and in
termedlate pt- A AM SAM
A. L. MAXWELL,
Ticket agent O. R. & N. Co.
JOHN MUIR,
Superintendent ot Traffic.
C. H. PRKSCOTT,
atanactrl
Commission Merchants.
The follow Inir la II Hat at III, rjimmllllll
Mereliautsorthlsl'lly, whirls we publish for
he bem III srour readers. They re perfffl
ly tellable, uml any business entrusted to
inelr rare will receive prompt attention!
GEOROE HERREN.
J. J. IIASSELL.
HERREN & HASSELL,
(SUCCESSORS TOV
HERREN RROS. and IIERRfc!, A FARRAB.
GENERAL
Commission Merchants,
AND DEALERS IN
GRAIN, WOOL, and FLOCR BAGS. Fierce
and Sen Ins; Twines, correspondence and
Consignments solicited. Liberal cosh advances mads
on consignments. 1 O. Box No. 863,
S. E. Corner North Front and B. Streets,
marltf PORTLAND, OREGON,
J. C. TODD. J. F.DIVEN.
TODD & BIVEN,
No. 10 North Front Mreet, Fortlaad.
Wholesale Grocers,
Commission Merchants,
And Dealers In
FRUITS, Wool, Oralu, and all kinds ol Produce.
Agents lor habob Whiskey. Dry Monoool. Cham-
pagne an
in Klsens Mneyard, Fresno, Cal. lder
SIBSON, CHURCH & CO.,
Shipping and Commission
MERCHANTS,
Northeast Corner of Ash and Froat Streets,
PORTLAND, . . . OREGON.
atul-tf
GEO. COHN & BRO. I
GENERAL 1
Commission Merchants. '
WHOLESALE DEALEI1 IS-
Flour, Feed, Proviioiis, and
Staple Groceries.
CONSIGNMENTS SOLICITED. PRODUCERS WILL
farther their interests by corresponding Ith us.
Utters of Inquiry promptly ansnered.
TA TIFll'Rll im'lVPI-C l a r.C AS ...nnn.mn
JmA1 ?JLGUA,Jf. W00D- TLOUK. HOI'S,
"" ---e, --e aprltt
HO Front airrel.bet. Morrison and YambilL
i;5