L'-t'
- igr v v lsW - Hj KJa sijS't
VOL. XIV.
fyvrnfyamltntt.
Protection and Free Traae.
4j iiuttk ureek, Uregon, Jan. 29, 1883.
editor Willamette Farmer.
In your last issue, I noticed a communica
tion irom a larmer in regard to free trade. I
cannot agree with the writer. lie says: "Pro
tection has already well nigh ruined this na
tion. . .
Where is our navy? We almost shiver at the
thought, for fear some of us might accidently
run against a Spaniard, or an Italian, or even
a Chilian. A few modern men of war could
take this whole coast with snnrplv tl, n.. f
la man."
iS Now, Mr. Editor, if this nation is well nigh
rumeci, j. cannot see it. Wo are the most
powerful and free nation on the globe, and are
respected by all the nations of the world. It
is true we have a small navy, but we do not
require a large one. Our government is pre
pared to equip a large navy on short notice.
jand just let Chili, or even Great Britain, try
to tane tnis coast, iour correspondent would
find that he was very much mistaken about
them taking this coast without the loss of a
man. How was it in 1812? How was it in
the rebellion? Our navy was not any larger at
we commencement ot the rebellion than it is
now,and yet they did not destroy the govern
Jment. He further says: "But Congress had
father give money to bounty jumpers, and in-
livest in improving irog ponds and sloughs,
retc." Congress has never given money to im-
IJirove frog ponds and sloughs, but has given
Utnoney to improve our riv?rs and bars, which
Rro a great benefit to the farmers throughout
1ui oure, uut vuur correspondent mean tn
y that the appropriations made by CoDgress
i improve the bars at Yanuina t tv, mn.
if the Columbia river, and at the Cascades, do
m ueneni ine farmers: J. think he does anI
o will have a great deal of trouble i ttuffina
xca stun down the throats of the farmers oi
lis State. Listen to him again ! He v .
ut, is it imp ssiblefor our otatesmon tr, i
om history? Compare England of to-day
ith England under protection, and th
merence, eic. wny aoes he take the hi-
ry of hngland? I refer nim to the hiitorv nf
mr own country. What has free trade done
ir usi f resident Huchanan gave us his opin
n in a message to Congress in Decemlwtr.
857. Ho says : "The earth has viel Inl k
tuits abundantly, and has bountifully re
rarded the toil of the husbandman: nnr .t
Maples have commanded high prices, and up
ill a brief period our manufacturing, mineral
uu umjuuiuu operations nave largely par
fcken of the general prosperity. We have
fcossessed all the elements of material wealth
Vi rich abundance, and vet nnf.uin.i-, ,,,.
HI these advantages, our country, in its mon-
ary laiereBis, is ac me present moment in a
lepiorame conaition. in the midst of unsur
passed plenty in all tho products, and in all
he elements of national wealth, we find our
kanufactun s suspended, our public woiks re
Med. our private enterprises nf rliirrnf
fends abandoned, and thousands of useful la-
prers tnrownout ot employment and reduced
I want. The revenue of the government,
hich is chiefly derived from duties on im-
rts irom abroad, has been greatly reduced,
me uio apprupriuiiuus maue ay uongress, at
i iiui session, iur me current necal year, are
iry largo in amount." Not even rnvnnno
hs produced from the so-called revenun turiff
Ben less industry and thrift. It was a time
profound peace at the close of that period
1860. Expenditures of the oovemmpnt
re ugnt; no war deDt: no pensions tn nw
fed yet the government had to borrow money
12 per cent, to meet current expenses.
Contrast with this exhibit the condition of
i country in issu, after twenty years of
h tariff. Not only have our nennln rm.
yment under the present tai iff, and at
fetter wages than those of foreign conntr esj
fet the purchasing power is ever in r;f
Kile our workingmen live better and spend
.t wi o uciurc. xney are also savl g
(re if their wager. It is i aid. hv oanA ,
rity, that seven eighths of the 1rvuit (..
wings banks are earnings of laboring men
ler to the Banter's Magazine, vol. 29, page
, when I state that in the year I860 the
KJsits in Jsew York savings banks were
U 78, 1 1 0, or say 815 per capita. Inl870,
ler ten years of protection, deposit we
4,360,217. In 18S0, after twenty years of
tejtion, they were 8353.629.657. or about
per capita. The deposits of the savings
fks, per head of the population in New
Ik, 1874, was $617; in Massachusetts 8129;
Connecticut 8134; in Rhode Island 203
Austria the amount per head is only S3 20;
ranee ?.1,Jand in England 89.20. These
bpean figures offer a suggestive' commetary
he statements of those whopret-nd that
isober, industrious mechanic in this cmm.
in no better circumstances and can save
pore ot his wages than in the old world.
A, U. Marquam.
PORTLAND, OREGON, FRlU&Y. FF.BR.TTARV
ife
9, 1883.
the editors who dreg their nets over the uni
verse to catch items of obscene and murderous
news furnished by the baser sort among a
population of fifty mibns of people, to be
served up in every household to the nerver.
sion oi the minds and hearts of the young and
rising generation, often directing their minds
into unwholesome channels. Nothing short
oi innnity can tell what effects have followed
such recitals as were afforded by the Seckles
trial, the Beecher case and the Guiteau mur
der, all of which were watched for eagerly in
the daily press, and had its effect on public
morals. If the nation nnillrl h nani-a,.,...,! 1
do you think the canvas u-nnlrl otanrl lnf,....
such books as "Buffalo Bi'l" nnr! ..nt, . ,.
nal as the Police Gazette, compared with the
riT1 1 , ! Shri't and a Jur"al like Harper's
netklyl Backed by such opinions as that of
Bishop Morris you need not fear the result.
He have pretty much every advantage and
disadvat tage here that you have over the
hills to the far West, only King Lear has
hung up his hat and will stay with us in the
viemity oi zero, or, at times, seveial degrees
below. Many tons of ice are being cut to In-
shipped South. We have winter in frozen
earni st.
Agricultural pipers here are saying that
sced) corn is damaged by freezing, so 1 st
year scorn has quite a boom. Wheat locks
sickly, having besen hoisted by freezing.
Mnch of it was drilled in af er corn, withou .
replowing. and not put in verv decn.
Since the election Ohio seems to be upside
down. The winter has been evenly cold.
The weather Bureau predicted a fierce bliz
zard for Saturdav. Jannnrv tho "loo mJ Sun
day the 22d, with its center at Columbus, but
the worst we realized wis a cold wave that
put the mercury three degrees below zero.
rope says :
whst came easy and natural; gave him free
dom for play and amusement with others of
his age, while older ones were confined at
their lessons. He manifested a desire to lear.i
to read as that seemed to him the stepping
stonsto uulock the mysteries of books and pa
pers, and he accepted cheerfully the little
tasks given him by the teacher.
When we went to the farm, there was m
school. A year or two later a district was
formed and a school house built We were, at
the extreme end of the district, two miles
from the school house, with a low bottom
and creek to cross at th nnf.ot
The routo was mostly through the
tmber, a plain wagon road, very little trav
eled, and no children on the route to accom
pany him. The distanco was too far to send
him alone on font and it was not practicable
fn
NO. 52
"Heaven from all creatures hide the book of
late."
It is well that the weather and life's ending
are matters of conjecture. I believe the
Weather Bureau does more harm than good.
Its false prognostications worry some foolish
people, and they lose time over them.
I nad with pleasure in the Farmer of rap
idly growi ig towns in Oregon and Washing
ton. We have a grand country, und it spreads
so wide that noiti If ili.i Alaska lot the sun"
rays when Maine catches them strain, and wo
are not long without sunlight on our conti-ueai-
John- Waters.
Education of Boys and Girls.
In
Letter from Ohio.
ir Willamitte Farmer :
iin thankful that by good newspapers we
e acquainted with each other and that
fejuiug enable i remote sections to commune
her with a facility that would astonish
Portland, Oregon, Feb. 3, 1883.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
We are created social beings. Children
want companionship with other children; they
crave it, they seek it as naturally as a duck
takes to the water, and in cases where there is
only one child in a family, extra pains should
be taken to supply this want; allow them to
have pets of puppies, kittens, lambs, calves or
kids, birds or fowls; there is no family so poor,
but it can gratify this want in some respects,
and it aflords much amusement and gratifica
tion to the child and relieves in some measure
the cares of the mother. When we moved to
the mouth of the river our boy was a year old,
our house was isolated, and he did not often
see a child. There were no roads, and the only
means ot travel was by boats. So he was in a
boat almost daily; he had dogs, cats, k'ds and
Iambs for pets and toys without stmt. At an
early age he showed a fondness for picture8
and stories. When he was about three years
of age the publication of St Nicholas was
commenced; we subscribed for it for him, and
have continued it to the present time without
missing a number. For several years his
mot'iei read it to him, and he was so much in
terested in the stories that he insisted on
hearing them repeated many times. The
summer before he was five years old, a school
was started in the neighborhood about half a
mile from our house. After it had been in
progress awhile, he began to talk about it to
his mother; it was on his mind daily; he
wanted to go to school with the other child
ren. His mother tried to dissuade hiui, telling
him that she would not spare him. The sub
ject was on his mind and increased daily, till
he actually set the time when he should com
mence going to sch'Kil. He hunted up an old
school book of his sister, found a dinner buck
et to carry his lunch, and showed such ear
neatness in the preparation that it was evident
he intended to set cut for school at the ap
pointed time, His mother apprised me of his
plans, said she was convinced he was really in
earnest about going to school, and asked what
should be done shout it. I replied, tne path
is plain; there is no danger of bis getting lest
and there are no vicious animals about; humor
him, let him go; he will soon get tired of it,
and will be satisfied. So, on the appointed
day, he set out with the book and dinrer
bucket in hand and a note to the tea.-ber. He
had before this showed a desire to learn to
read, so he could read the stories in his papers
thu Nursery and St. Nicholas, and hid
learned t -t alphabet. He returned st niuht
happy, delighted; he bad had a "spIeLdid
time; hid lots of fun; he was going every day."
icle
the enntl rtnnln winlivwl In tl... ,... f I i-i l. i:j . .. . ..
- n r--r ...iH..u.;ll,,mu o DB UIU, w me cioie oi the sesiion,
' . k py with h's school experience. Then wu
onjratulate you on yoar advance mor-. no effort mle ts rm.h h;. ,.. i ,l,..i.. It. :.i. i..- ...u i..i. ......
rin .!. tux i . .1 ' "(- imwiii nun wmi um oj ruiiory, travels,
in daring to break ground ng) t before went; I forbade an inch mu-st, let Liu t U , etc. He t .1. tbt "I .ViriWu, )WA s Cor, .
r him to swim the creek daily with his nonv,
He could be safely trusted to cross the creek
in his boat, also ta siddle and ride his horse.
ho wo fitted up a stable on the opposite side
and furnished it with feed; also had a shed
built at the school house for tho pony. Thus
equipped he attended regularly and made fair
progress until mid winter, when an accident
brought it to a termination. One day, on his
re'urn, in parsing through a little hollow tr
depression in the road, ho was suddenly
thrown from his horse aad bruised a little
though not seriously hurt. He came on home
afoot, crossed the stream an arriv d safely;
could give no account of his horse, had not
seen him, did not know what had become of
liim IYTUah L. l.tl . 1. 1 ,
....... m ucu no ieib wie scnooi nouse a wo
man of the neighborhood left at the same
time, traveling in the opposite direction. The
accident occurred nearly a mile and a half
from the school house. Before the woman
had gone half a mile, here came the pony, on
the keen run, dripping with sweat and foam,
the saddle turned under his belly and one
stirrup torn off. It appars that at the time
of the accident, he wheeled and took the back
track, and had ttaveled about seven times tho
distance that the woman had walked. Some
nrnml nlintin.H ..!..... A.. 1 1 . ...
nUvu wi.vi'Gto viusu tu mo roau turned mm
out of his course and ran him into some tree
tops and caught him. Finding tho horse in
such conditK n, of course, a'armed tho neigh
oorhood. Friends returned with the ponv,
expecting to find the mangled remains of the
boy by the wayside. On enquiry we found
that he left tho school home on the run, and
that that was his usual style of going. On
account of his age and having to go alone, I
thought best to terminate his attendance.
His mother was indignsnt, thought he had
abused his pony, and said he must return to
school. So after resting several days he started
again, and on his first return he met with the
Dime accident at the same place; the pony,
however, came on home alone, and in this in
s'ance he knew what had become of the piny,
The horso is perfectly gentle, and not at all
scarey, and the most probable solution of his
conduct was, that in tho first instance he saw
and was frightened at a wild animal. About
that time a cougar was prowling about the
neighborhood and had been seen by several
persons. Although his opportunities for attend
ing a regular school have been limited, he has
received instruction at home from his mother.
in time and amount sufficient to compensate
for his irregularity. In the fall before he was
t;n years of age he entered the public school
or t lis city and attended one year. Here he
acquired a little experience not taught in tie
school-room. City boys must show their
superiority over the new arrivals from the
country. College boys must give fresh arri-
vals a certiin introduction. If the greeny
stands it pretty well and accepts it as fun, he
is scon hail fellow with them and ready to
assist at the initiation of tho next mw comer.
So our biy had to have his turn, and one day
as he was set upon and crowded beyond what
he thought fair in such cases, he showed a
spirit of resentment which the boys, of course,
considered needed a little discipline, which
they then proceeded to administer, when
to their great surprise four or fivn
of them lay sprawling in the dirt quicker than
I can write it. Boys are usually discreet
when there is danger, and in this case they
thought a little distance was safer than close
contact. As the itreet had just been Mc
Adamized they found abundant material and
conin enced throwing stones. Here a greater
surprise awaited them, for they found the
country boy a match for a dazen of them; he
could throw further, straighter and hit harder.
When they where at a safe distance, he was
entirely beyond the reach of their projectiles.
Boys recognize superiority as readily as older
ersona; a truce followed, and be was toun a
favorite among his schoolmates, and alto with
hit teachers. He likes school and takes to it
kindly, but likes his pets, the animals on the
farm, his horse, dog and gun better. We
pint nand The Little Granger, reads them,
and is interested in all as much as older
iwtn'o in !...:- . !l If
rr v tu lucir uvuriie periodicals. He is
beginning to take an interest in the Farmer,
Ilural Spirit and Rural New Yorker, and
looks with as rSioh interest tor the arrival of
the mails as the older members ol the family.
Education does ,not consist merely of a cer
tain number of'days' and months' tuition in
tide college walls. Remoteness from the con
ventional school-house, we consider, a poor
excuse for neglect in matters of mental and
moral culture. The lack of such advantages
must be supplied by the parents. The minds
o' our young folks might be compared to a
plowed field ready to receive the seed. If we
do not sow the grain weeds will spring up and
occupy the soil. Our boys are being educated
whether wo will or no; there is no standing
sun, no middle ground. Shall we sow the
seed and occupy tho soil, or gfve it up to
weeds or bnari? Thus far our boy loves the
farm, its free life and invigorating air, better
than tho city. It gives us no anxiety whether
he shall follow farm life in the future. If he
does wo shall bo content. Should he choose
some other vocation the experience of farm
life, the self reliance, good health, physical
development and muscular fiber will bo good
capital to assure success in any other vocation
ho iray cho se.
Whilo pleading for the boys I should not
forget the girls. Their training and culture is
quite as important as that of the boys. What
are you doing with your girls ? What are vou
doing for your girls ? Children and youth of
both sexes are naturally seeking information.
It is a necessity of their naturo next to that
of food and clothing. In what way can wa
supply it so easily and so cheaply as with
good books and papers? "But," said a father
to me the other day, ," my. boys won't read,
they don t care for books and papers. " Then
the fault is yours; you didn't commence
rightly, nor commence early enough. The
weeds and briars havo commenced to grow.
In such cases I would recommend the course
my father took with me when I was eight or
nine years old. lie hired me, for a stipulated
sum in money, to read the family paper every
week, every page, advertisements and all, for
one entire year, and after that the history of
the United Mates. This awakened an inter,
est in books and papers that never le't me.
But wasn't it a bitter pill the first few months
to wade through the four pages of that paper
and in reading the advertisements. It did
seem to me that tho family of "Co." was a
very largo one, and that nearly every man in
business in that town whero the ninsr
printed had gone to the "Co." family for a
partner. Children and youth need comnan.
ionship; tho sexes should mingle and be al
lowed to have little parties, visits and reuni
ons, under the watchful eye of parents and
friends. In what way can families co.operato
so easily in city and country as to allow such
reunions of the young folks from house to
house, the parents of the entertainers taking
charge of such gatherings, directing them in
amusing and iustzuctive channels. Make the
home circle attractive with books, papers and
music, aud the young people will cluster there
instead of prowling the streets, seeking
amusement in doubtful places.
J. B. K.VAr
the Cold Spring country in Umatilla county,
is also interesting, but while in reach of facili
ties for transportation via the railroad, I have
an impression that it is too far north, that the
winters would be longer and more severe than
in Wasco. On what terms are school lauds
About Labor Protection of Labor CobtIs
L'wr- 0 , ?
Portlanii, Or., Jan. 30, i88J,
Editor Willamette Farmeri ' J-'""
Bret Harte says ; v ,j-V '
"I 'lo v it is not decent for on svientitio rm
To sav anotUtp la n. -..lu.i.'-ii iiJT
from the railroad company, and at what price ?
N ould it be asking too much to ask you to
send me a partial list of their lands in Marion
county ? Would Merino sheep do well ra the
foothill region in that county ? The land in
Marion, I suppose, will hsvo to be cleared
mostly? Euclosed find stamps, l'lcase send
me a late copy of the Farmer, and as much
information as possible.
Very respectfully, Franklin Sweet.
Keply to Questions.
Clarks, Mekrick Co., Neb., Jan. 22d.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
I have been reading up an old copy of the
Farmer, a year or two old, and am quite in
terested in Oregon and Washington Territory,
as therein depicted. As there may be con
siderable of a change within a couple of vtars.
relatively, or even in one year, I write for re-
neweu iniormation on the various points of
interest to an intending emigrant. From
reading the farmer, I infer that East of the
Cascades is the most natural home of the
sheep and from some articles in the paper I
have received the impression that the native
pastures will not sustain as roauy animals
(sheep for instance) as our natural pastures
here in the Great I'latte valley in Nebraska.
Here, It is estimated that an average of three
acres will suktain a grown cow or steer during
uie pas'ure season and that what will feed a
cow will keep eight or nine head ol aheep.
Now if I leave this State It will be because I
can find a new location w here winters are
very short and where I can engage in farming
aud sheep and wool growing in a small way.
l should like to own about a section of land
or there abouts, where I could keep twelve or
niteen hundred head of sheep and raise some
grain, fruit, eto , in addition f the prirc'pal
limine-a of wool and sheep growing. I have
read with much iUereat Vr. Vanderpool's
!tt:eriuthe Farmer and think I could suit
myself in Wasco county were it not for the
fact that thtre is no means of trauaportstion
or p-oduce, Mr. Ir!:i r's Utter in regard to
Mr. Sweet has been reading the double
edition of tho Farmer that reviewed the
whole Pacific Northwest and alluded to all
interests and occupations and was published
just two years ago. It is true that many
changes have taken place since then. The
Cold Spring country has boon all ett'led and
is now tolerably well farmed. Ho is mis
taken in supposing that it is too far north.
We will try to answer his inquiries in full, so
far as possible, for the benefit of all who are
interested in the mattors in olved therein.
It is possible that the natural pastures of
Nebraska will sustain more stock in the graz
in season, but probably the grazing season is
much shorter there than hero. We cannot
say now much land it takes to carry stock,
because grass differs in different localities.
Here, Btock men drivo their sheep to the
mountains tho first of June and keep them
there until the winter is at hand in tho fall.
Here, too, there is iiMially a great deal out
range where grass grows but whero farming
cannot be carried on. Stock men do not pre.
tend to own the pastures they use East ot the
Cascades, save in some instances, as tlio
Uufurs of Wasco county. It has always been
possible to find wild laud whero stock ran
run at large. Half, or more, of Oregon is in
mat condition now. Tho samo is true of
Washington Territory.
It will bo easily possiblo for Mr. Sw:st to
locato whero he can combine farming and
wool growing in a moderate way. That is ono
of tho things we continually urgo and tiy to
prove practicable Wo sec no reason why ho
cannot carry out his idea in almost any por
tion of the eastern country.
Sjhool lands are not yet in tho market in
tho Territories, and will not bo until tlioy bo
come States. In Oregon school lauds are an.
praised, they being 82 an acre. They are
usually sold at that price, though often worth
much more. The State has other lands donated
from government, and maintains a land de
I artment. The terms are: ono-third cash mid
two nurds on time at 8 per cent, interest. As
tho Staet bans the money, it is willing to let
me deterred payments lie aud collect the in
tercst. As to railroad lands in Marion county, tho
company has some not veiy distant, but it
would bo rough land. The foothills and tim
bcred portions of country not taken at an
early day are railroad land, aud are sold at
various prices according to grade. Actual
settlers are taking up all good railroad tract..
It is not possible, to send auy list of such
lands.
Great changes have taken place since Feb
ruary, 1681. That year we went to Walla
Walla, making the journey by boat. 05 miles
from Portland to Lower Cascades, by rail six
miles to Upper Cascsdes, by boat 40 milis on
the middle rhcr to Dalles Citv. wUr. w.
took railroad agaiii around the Di.ll,.. t n,
Columbia 10 miles to Celilo, where another
steamer received us and carried us on die Up
per Columbia 130 miles to Wallula, where u
narrow g.uge railroad SO miles long completed
the journey to Walla Walla, almost 300 mibs
by rail and river, using three railroads and
three steamboats, and occupying two days'
time. All tliat has been changed, The Ore-
gon Kailway and Navigation Cgnpany have
their railroad finished, and you take the train
here at 1 o'clock, evining, to find jourself
rc-aiiy ior urjakfast at Walla Walla. The
Northern Pacific, also, that had made little
headway at that time, has now some 350 miles
of c mpletnl road that reaches from Wallula
to the center of Montana. Other railroad
work has been done, and the country is begin-
ning to resp:nd by actual progress to these
enterprises.
As to chsnees to locate lands, you could lo-c.t-j
the entire domain of New York in the
vacant lauds of Eastern Washington, and
cover Pennsylvania with the vacant lands of
Kutern Oregon. We have yet vscant lands
tha some time will make homes for millions
of pe 'pie.
in your State sold, and at whst price, now ? To sav another lain. ..tiZZTvii its?!
T .! n. ' . " T.. .imi.wiiikiii
auMiis oiaie scnooi land is sold either for I was "about to" remark" D,.w L-.
cash or on tea years time, the purchaser pay. pondent, who hails from alCeb'unty,' and
mg one-tenth at the time of purchase and comes to the front wi tli an argnment 1st Jvor
"-a f"jicmw auuuBity. wmi in teres i on vi rrce iraatB i tnut hit i hM.Tu..... klj
deferred payment. How near to the railroad if not trictly sotentiao, at least pbtoetied of
UJ, uuu , in oianon county gooo. degree of -common sens. , But really.
Mr. Editor, his communication lu last wook'
Farmer reads to me like ihe dlsjblnied ktter.
ancesof some old Bip Vn,W.nk)e phiioeo.
pher, who has been asleep somewhere oitld
tho woods while the nation progressed for
twenty jears, and has practically accented
the principle of protection as the true one.
My aim, however, it not to ontnr mt . ,i-
troveray on that subiect. but r.thm-1, .b.
exception to the editorial note in the sanie
.ru ;,u me suDioct or convict labor. Tho
question is fairly before the publio to-day.
Is the contract system of convict labor as now
existing a benefit to tho comm n wealth ror
not? It seems to mo that it is a mistake for
the r armer to try to dodge the question.
I ermit mo briefly to state why I think it is a
mistake to evade it. Fir.t tho Northwest re.
quires immigration in order to the develop
meiit of the country. Seoond the farmora of
;L . I. lwe" "''l'lT! 'or tlioir best interest,
that the consumer bo brought as near to the
producer as possible. In other words, that
tho citus becomo more populous in order to
create a home demand for farm produce.
Now, Mr. Editor, here are two propo-itions
and with thorn I will conclude, trusting you
will accept these few r,.nrbD .. ,.:.. ?.. n
candori """ '" "
Imposition 1. Conviot laborers aro not
consumers ' in tho samo sense or to the same
degree as freemen. Whcrevor one is em
ployed to substitute a free toiler thero is a
manifest loss directly or indirectly, or both,
to the fanner. '
Proposition 2. Tho employment of convict
labor to subatitute freo skilled labor in the
atato 1 nson at S dem, does tend strongly and
lursistoiitly to keep emigration out of the
cities aud indirectly out of the State. The
tendency n not in the direct ratio of man to
man, but Iiko a leaver works tho publio mind
throughout the 1, iigth and breadth of the laud
(for it is noised abroad and that right quickly).
It kept mo out of this Statu for a year or two
ind is ko. ping others out to my own personal
knowledge to-day. O. A. S,
Rhl-I.v.
We havo very positive views on tho use of
convict Uboi and havo no hesitation to ex
proH them
Representing tho farmers of Oregon, we
wish to keep down taxation. Tho State
Prison has been a great expenso, but promises
soon to h self-supporting. If by tho cou
tract systom tho labor of convicts can bo
made to help pay their expenses, it should be
so used,
Convicts aro often outcasts, with no trade.
To leave them iu prison idle would bo wrong,
because idleness begets crimo. To employ
thorn in some useful labor is a luorov to them
as wi II as a saving to taxpayers. It is poasl-
iilo that habits of industry may improve a
conviut, whereas habits of idlfness never can
leform him. If thev can learn eom. w.u ir.
earn a living they may go to work and Lo
good citizens when released again. From
both the moral and economical points of viow
it is advisable to give, the convict employ,
nieut iu prison and the small proportion con
vict labor will bear to the working world at
largo forbids that tho employment of such
labor shall be productive of evil. If it is, tho
resulting good will far more than offsJt all
the bad results.
California Fruit Orowers.
The second annual meeting of tho State
Emit Grower's Convention of California, was
helil at San Jose in November last, and was
fully reported in the Pacific Ilural f,es.
The attendance included many progressive
fruit growirs; their discussion lasted several
days and wastully published in the Pacific
Ilural Press. Wo have carefully taken out
am Mod awuy this nport, as it has come in
that piper, bectuso it covered much latuable
information, but this week we receive from
both the publishers ami our fr.,,,l W II
Jetaup, cf Havwird. a ruiiiuhk-t enniimn.r
the oiitire report, an I shall pnzu the samo as
valuable information in connection with our
own int re.t in fruit growing, canning and
ilryiu:; fruits, pack ng and transporting green
irons oi au kiiiiis, mo value ol illllereut fiuits
for the various u u. ol commerce, Insect pests,
and in fact ever matter connected with fruit
growing, and ought tn bo in the hands of
many Or. gon fruit grow i r .. Send 'J5 ecu s to
Ouwey & Co., Sin Francisco, and you will
receive a copy by mall aud will thank us lor
the information.
We think it uunece.siry to go to a doctor
sud nay him to prescribe for a common ,: ,i
At the tame tune it is of the utmost import
ance to pay atteu ion to it aud gel
evil coiurquencM nuy follow. We use Am
ijiort
I o
men a Cough Syrup. It has usver failed yet
W no i iiii ia iianueii ior it, ami we t ke
pleasure in rtcnminending it to our readers.
If you have not trud this medicine, im tr, ,,,,
druggist and ik to see u large Little and read
he lilel.