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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 22, 1882)
VOL. XIV. -e vrrtfyvmUntq. HOP ORCWINO. Ilnterestlng Articles on thlB Subject by two of Out Leading Growers. (Con lnued ) fi Bueka Vista. Or., Dec. 16, 1882. Editor Willamette Farmer r Since writing my last article, on the above subject, Mr. Gear, of Butteville, has tik'ii some exceptions to the instructions as given by me in my last article. And while I lo not w sh to discuss the subject with Mr. A'Gear (for they are minor differences), but ..would say the tules, as laid down, are the "fiules that the fcatm era of the States of New sYork aud California are gc verned by as w ell ;as the growers of our own State and Wah- Sington Territory, with pet haps a very few texceptions. By persons wishing to experi finent, I will say again, if you vary from th i giule of two poles to the hill, use three instead of one. One of my neighbors has for two years used three poles to the hill, the result i jof which is three thousand pounds per acre, 1 (Another friend used four poles on a yard only (j jtwo years old, and redized 3,500 pounds per If acre. One pole per hill is sufficient on a ..yearling yard, or on a hop yaid on poor land, 3jbut would not do at all ou our rich bottom .loam; but, to the subject. Hops are picked 4 the 1st of Septembtr, Cut your vines at least one foot above the surface of the ground to prevent bleeding) ; pull up the poles of a t,tmlt lay them across jour rib pole, letting 7,fiiein haug down over the box ; set tho box between four rows, with two rows on each Jlide; that is, eat h box takes four rows of (lops. Gather free of leaves and stems ; tint Ms, large stems Hae at leist two pickers for each till of your box. Tho common way 'of constructing a hop box is for each bo to have four tills in it, each till three feet long, twentj-four in dipth, eighteen in width, """made out of light, seasoned lumber.. Wool I Jsjaacks make very good hop sacks. Ono sack 1 -Will hold two boxes, or tills. Each till will 'ipesontain tight bushels. Avoid bruising the ops by stepping or sitting upon th'c sacks jjwnh hops in them. Do not let the hops re- fain in tho tacks over night, as they will ;at and turn dark after they are dried. Hop house -There are different plans, but u think agrod one is as follows: Twenty s&feet wide, forty feet long, twelve .feet to Reaves ; cut off twenty feet for kiln, arranged ,3B follows: An old boiler running through $Jtfxe kiln makes the best heater you can get ; "but a large sheet sron stove, say four or five Jeet 1 ng, wilh pipe circling around the room -jWiU answer the purpose; but should be ar . Tanged sn as not to smoke. Have . the dry Jflocor ten feet from the ground, and made of ffjnch tquare slats one inch apart, with house Jlining stretched tightly over the slats. Have jroour kiln tight. Spread your bops evenly liver your dry floor from eight to twelve in I Jneptk, according to the capacity for getting tap heat. Thee heat up your house to 160 degrees, your thermometer ranging on the ' wall inside the kiln. Try to keep the heat from 160 to 180 degree?. When your hops we about half dried, thoroughly stir them, tcr which leave them even upon the floor. jjhey should dry in six hours, but will, in ome cases, take longer. When all the stems become brittle and perfectly dry, your hopj jwe ready to take off into your hop bin, which is over your baling room, and ad join ting your kiln, with a door four feet square if from jour dry floor to hop bin. The baling jfoom need not be more than six aud a half Steet high, so as to give you more room in roar kiln, and also make it easier to remove jour hops from a dry floor than though it waa r-n a level with your dry floor. Be sure to ("have your bop well cured, or else they will mould, and thus ruin the sale of them. The r above capacity will be sufficient for a yard of eight acr s of good hop., and you can vary your hops according to the amount you have to dry. The Harrisburg press is the best frees I know of, and makes a bale four feet long, eighteen inches wide and twenty-four -Jlswhes thick, that will weigh 200 pounds )"" !, complete, win cost JOU, and is jjbjilt here in Butna VisU. Two men can ntbtle from ten to twelve bales per day, with. Jeajt hard labor. The press is very durable i id ey operated. For a yard of eight acres , ytw will require about 24 good pickers ; In- dkns are preferable, and the more squaws 1 mi fewer bucks tie better, as the men are f generally a nuisance. We have tried China aten, but with us tbey have been a failure. $The common price paid for picking is 37 J ents per b:x, and a box will contain enough ecu hop to make ten pounds of dry hops. se checks something Ike this, "Good to r fcr 37J cents," with your name pant opon them. They will only cost you nt f 1 SO for 600. They are very conven TT 4 ient and avoid mistakes ; and at the end of the week you can settle up with your pickers iu a very few momeiit, by giving them their pay and taking the checks. A hop yard, if properly attended to, will last forever, as we have accounts of hop yards that have borne continually for sixty years. And if in grub bing or plowing vou should so injuie your crown lull as to cause it to die, you should replant ; but of all plant), hops are the hard est to exterminate. Grubbing should be done in the fall of the year, after frost has killed the stems, say the latter part of November or the 1st of December. Use a deer tongue hoe blade, about ten inches long by three wide ; dig around the hill ten inches deep, cutting off the runners from thecrnwn head (the lim ners have eyes) carefully. Avoid cutting ground roots which have no eyes. Use a sharp knife to cut off the run r era from the crown head. I have gwen the above instructions by re quest of persons all the way from Da ton, W. T., to Roteburg, in Southern Oregon, and whilo there may be improvements on some ideas I have give yon, you will find the rules laid down as safe to go by, and while the ar ticle written will be of little benefit and in terest to the man thoroughly acquainted with the business, yet there are hundreds awaiting information on the above subject. R. F. Wells. Bijttev illk, Or., Dec. 14, '882. Editor Willamette Fatmer : The hop fever continues unabated. I un derstand that 30C.00O sets are being imported fiom the Sound, and 60,000 fiom the Waldo Hills, besides what sets can be bought in this neighborhood, which I estimate to bo about 300,000. Imported and homo grown, total-, about 060,000, or equal to 3G0 acres ; and I heard a person Bay to-day that he wanted to start a hop yard, but could not get sets. In estimating the acres, I calculate hills seven feet apart, and two sets to the hill. If they were sure to live, ono set w ould be equally as good lis two. Some put short poles to the lulls the first year. I think that if the Bets can be planted by the middle of March, it w ill pay to do so, if a price above 20 cents can be got for the hops. Below that I don't think it would pay, as they need shorter poles than they will the second jear. I have heard some advocate the regular length of poles the first year, and cutting off the end of the vine when up about eight feet. It look well, but it don't pan out, with me. I have never teen a yard in this valley that would yield the first year to compare with what I have heard from Puget Sound, and even an old yard here this j ear the yield was disap pointing, while all the reports from the Sound show that they had a better yield than here, which leads me to think that they can beat us raising hops, and while thtrt the hop raisers co-operate, htre, it is, " Every man for him self," etc. I don't think that poles should be more than nine feet long the first year and set about 14 inches deep. The pole need not be very large. In speaking of "first crop," as I did in mv last, I mean the second year's growth, as it is so seldom that I have seen them poled the first year. A correspondent wishes to know if in "planting 1.1 acres it would not bs a good idea to have an early and late kind, so as to extend the picking season." It would, if an earlier kind could be got. I know of no early kind on this coast that is worth cultivating. They are grown in New York to advantage. The picking sea son can be prolonged by planting on high aud low ground. About all the hops around here are of the English Cluster variety. Them are a very few of what we cali the " Wells " hops here. Not knowing any other name, they were named after Win. Wells, as they came from his yard. Mr. Wells has good lucceas with them, but they are not liked so well here, principally because they do not cluster so much and have rougher vines, mak ing them harder to pick. I will five a rough plan for a cheap dry house in my next. Joel P. Geek. Letter from Bishop Morrta.! Editor Willamette Farmer : May I trespass upon your space long enough to express my gratification at the an nouncement that you propose to do away with the publication of the current news in the columns of the Farmer. My judgment may differ from that of other's of your read ers, but I think your proposition a wise one, and if yon abide by it, you will add greatly to the real value of your paper. You will in this way gain space for many articles of posi tive instruction and benefit to your readers they would otherwise never see. Very much of the matter which is called " news," and which crowds the columns of the papers of the day, is not only trivial and worthless, but positively harmful, especially to the young, whose taste and moral Chirac- PORTLAND, OREGON, ters are yet unformed. I am amazed at tho conception the ordinary news gatherer seems tj have of the nature of his office, and tho msntal calibre and taste of his readers. He seems to tliiuk that his gre.it work is to make up a daily record of the crimes, tragedies and horrors of every sort, for the daily delectation of his readers. Tne excuse is that thi-t is what tho readers want, and this they must have. Aside from the want of princple in such a defense, 1 maintain that it is not true, and that vast numbers of the most intelligent readers are annoved and disgusted with these daily details of crime and its consequences that fill our best journals. And all ibis is done, be it lemcmbcrcd, to the exclusion of other most intere-ting and valiiinle i formv tion. I had occasion recently to examine the weekly issue of one of our leading Portland papers. It contained more than one hundred separate and distinct articles relating to mur dtrs, suicides, criminal arrests and tiials, fatal accidents, and other trigediea and horror'. Tliise items, mostly telegraphic, and in small minion type, measured in length over eight feet. And this is the tort of pabulum that if terved out fifty-two tunes in tho jcar, as netcs, by our best pipers Why is it that this icture of crime, with all its details and giossuess, must daily Iw spread out beforo the whole world, and brough, home to our sons and daugiters, whoso characters and habits of thought are largely formed by what they read? Aside from what is p sitively coarse and vulgar in this rews of the day, much of it is so trivial and senseless that one is amazid that rcspectablo journals arc willing to lumber their columns with it, to the exclu sion of sensible and edifying matter. Let me illustrate what id a common characteristic of our telegraphic news. On the 11th of No veniber, tho Rev. Dr. Twing, the sicretary and general agent of the Domestic Missionary Committee of tho Episcopal church, died in the city of New York. This mm had inti mate relations with filty bishops, and over three thousand e'ergv men and their cotigru tons in the United States. His name was a household woid with members of this com munion in every State and Territory in ur couutry. He was so well known and highly esteemed in the city of Niw Yoik, ihatthe. day before his death seventy-five elergjmeu, of different di nominations, called a' his door to ii quire what hope there was of his life. His funeral services in Now York were at tended by two hundred clergymen snd two thousand people, and when his remains wire being borne to their last rest, in Lansinhurg eiery church bell in the town, including that of the Roman Citholic's, rung a solemn peal of respect and revprence for his memory. Not one word of this is worthy of telegraphic no tier, .nit the next day and the day alter wu have our full quantum of "turf news,-' mur ders, suicides, rapes and other startling and sensational information. Again, on the 20t'.i of November, occurred auother notable death in another department of life's work, that of Prof, Henry Draper, one of the most dis tinguished scientific men of the world. Dr. Draper's achievements, won from ttie ioiigiess 01 the United States its hrst recognition of a scientific discoverer, in the form of a gold m dal in his honor, bearing the inscription, "He adds luster to ancestral glory." His early death, at the ago of forty-five, has earned sorrow into the cir e'es of science all over the w. rid. But of all this the telegraph was ignorant and dumb. To make amends, however, it did the next day after the death of this illustrious man, give the fifty millions of people in the United States the follow ing important piece of infor mation : Gilbert Partbrick, better known as Gilpat rick, the oldest living jockey in America, wht ho rode Lexington. Lecomnte and mmv nther fam'us racers in this country, and Prior ess, Starke, Umpire and ethers in England, lor len jiroecu, is dying ot pneumonia, at 433 Second avenue, New York 1 Aud to-day I observe in the Ornmn'uin n article of nearly two columns, giving with much detail and painstaking the history and achievements of this great man, " the oldest innzav in A motni ' These are but aamples ef the character of our telegraphic news, which any day's reports will furnish. It is not to bo wondered at thn that a distinguished citizen said in a puuuc assembly in Hew York, sometime since, that the telegraphic reports of the daily journals were a disgrace to our civiliza tion. Remember what we have suffered through this agency by the wretched Guiteau, the Scovillts, Jameaes, Tanners, etc. For nearly a whole twelvemoi.th the doings and drivelings of this miserable asaaaain and his kindred were daily spread by the telegraph through the whole length and breadth of the land. Well hate vou done. then. Mr. Pjlitnr in your determination to give the readers of your paper something el.e than this for their instruction and entertainment. The editor of the Ortgonian, with much good reasoning, objects to the proposition to use the daily newspapers for reading exercises in the public schools. He refers to the light and ephem eral character of much ol the contents of theae papers, and claims that our children are far Utter off without this than with it. Every thoughtful person must surely agree with him, and be thankful for his influence in FRIDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1882. behalf of good tasto and wholesome culture. The course ou propose is a movement in the same diiectmn, and I trust will meet with the aprroval of the most of your readers. B VVistar Morris. Agriculture. Mo.nmoutii, Or., Dec. 6, 18S2. Editor Willvinette Fanner: Agriculture is " the science of cultivating fio soil." From tho days cf Cain until the present time, mankind has followed this pur suit. Tlis ancient Egyptian were occu ie 1 m i inly m "the cultivation of the soil," and from that timo until this, it has ever engaged the larger put of the civilized world. It may be cillcl the crittrion of civilization. The Chinese havo giv.n their attention mtinly to the tilling of the soil, and it is as tonishing hov great a population that country h s sustained dining the lonj period of its ex istence. Their fourth emperor is said to have invented the plow, and each emperor was required "to guide a plow around a field in the ceremonies of his coronation." At the present time agriculture isredticid to a science, aud is taught as such. In densely populited countries it is necessary to study tho science, aud acton scientific prin ciples, in order to sustain the population. But, on this wrsteni coast, not much atten tion is paid to the science. The tanner hast tily plows his groun I and sciatches iu his grain, and from ten to twenty bushels per acre is the result. But when the population be ome8 much thicker, it will bo necessary to give moro attention to "tho science of culti vation." P. Kw.lv, Concerning Orchard Pests. LaCestfr, W. T., Dec. 6, 1SS2. Editor Willamette Farmer: I read, with cons derablo interest, all jou or your correspondents have to Bay about or chards and orcharding. I am raising a small orchard ; therefore, am glad to learn that which will enablo ino to niako it a snecers. I have had some ixperience in rai-ing fruit, in a small way, in the East; but tin ro wo had so many enemies to contend with that I found it very discouraging business. On coming here tivo years ago, I was much gratifiid to find this section comparatively free from or ihardpeBts. I then asked myself the ques tion whether they would' not all, in time' c aiio to stay with u. Si co, I have found all the pests hero that troub'ed mo there, except two ; and I havo found two serious ones hero that I did not find there. It is true tiiat some of these pests aro not doing serious hann yet, but they are undoubtedly litre to sfay, unless they can bo conquered by united effort and stringent laws. In your last ycu ask us to "see if the codlin moth is with y u." I, for one, answer yis, I have seen its work occasionally for the last two or three years. M. Buchanan. Survivors or Immigration of '43. Editor Willamette Farmer : And now I will correct a statement you made in the Fakuer with regard to the im migration of '42. You said there were but four living. Besides the four you mentioned, there are six this tide of the mountains, and there aro nine in the valley, betides Mr. Shaddon's family. I see many a mistake in the papers with regard to things that hap pened in the early days. From the pen of J. H. Brown, there has been many a mistake, aud others. I should not have written this if I had not been writing to you on business. Yours truly, James Force. Making; Hhort Work or II In the siege of Troy, Apollo encouraged the Trojans to be valiant against the Greeks, by raving: "The mighty Achilles does not fight to-day." It wouM seem as if Death had been bidding disease to make its greatest inroads upon men, by saymg: "Hunt's Remedy is out of the market." But the Trojans found to their cost, that the mighty Achilles came to the field, slew their greatest champions, and made short work of the battle. And Hunt's Remedy, as an Achilles against 1 ver and kidney diseases, has taken the field, and is making short work of all such ailments. Hundreds ot testimonia's from all quarters are coming in at to the might of this champion medicine. Not surer was the sword of Achilles than this powerful, et peaceful, remedy in battle form, as it wages war against dropsy, urinary and kidney complaints, and over comes. It is wish to call in its aid. "Do youT " Do I what 1" "Do you take it?" "Take what? Y.s! What is it 1" " Why, tske the Willamette Farmer." tr Diamond Uvea are so perfect and so heautilul tint it is a pleasure to use them. Equally good for dark or light colors. 10 ct , Should you be a sufferer from dvinenaia. indigestion, malaria, or weakness, you can be cured by Browns iron Bitters. Do your neighbors read the Fahmek? Try it. I J not get them to subscribe. RAILROADS AND THE PEOPLE. The Railroad Commissioner, in his annual report, mentions the necessity for some super vision and control of railroads to protect the people. Tho fiures given of the Southern l'a-e-ific road, w hich is a little over 700 miles long, are that the bonds and stock of this corpora tion amount to over $63,000,000, almost $100,000 a mile. By what systom the en'er prising figurcrs roach this result is not shown. The sum total stares the world in the face, tlit, t the pretended cost of the work is four times wlmt the actual cost may have been. It ie porsible that they may have built the road out of their own vast resources, gained by swindling the government and imposing on tho people, receiving those bonds for fully double iu amount tho actual cost, and iVniog themselves stock in the same proportion. The financial world will not inquire too closely into their methods so long as it knows that interest will be paid, and so, iu time, the bonds will begin to circulate It is satiBfn" tion enough for Stanford &. Co. to draw inter est regularly on twice the cost of the roads; they can afford to build tho road anil hold tho bonds in their own safes and vaults for as loiix time as may be nccessaty, No se isiblo and honest man can doubt that the Central Pacific management is plundering the hard-woikiug people in an infamous man ner. 1 ho Southern Pacific is their own, while the Central is bonded for all it is worth. They can afford to run that as long an the govern ment cannot collect interest of them. What ever happens to them thoy always will bo fabulously rich by rubbing the. people that give tin in wealth. As tho Railroad Commis Bicuer sajB- The problem is intricate, but some control over railroads should bu estab bulled. The roadts should bo well paid and no more. Populai ignoianco might impose on tho loads as badly as soino of tho roads iiu poso on the people. Wiiat is needed is a jtmt and wisu tribunal, competent and ablo, and firm enough to do the tight thing between the publio and the great corporations. No fail-minded man can fear the actim of a just tribunal of tho kind. Tho public do not wish to destioy or even oppress the cor porations. Tne men whodisregard tho rights of capital will us soon disregaid tho rights of labor, if they have opportunity. It is uo fair or honest, or even txcuiablc, liownvcr, that men like the Central Pacific ownors, who have been ten tunes enriched by publio liberality, should use the wealth so acquired to become despots. Their only aim is to rule for their own ends; to tax production all it can pay, and barely live. The answer to tyrnnnny of this degree will come some time or other in such a storm as swept the Bourbons of) the throne of France nd the Stuarts off the throne of England. Our country cannot support such outrageous imposition. It must cease, aud as no human mind can be trusted without control to exer cise the despotic powers same corporations possess, the national government must pro vide reasonable control to protoct tho rights of all classes; but especitlly to see that the rights of the people aie maintained aud public prosperity is encouraged. The Central and U. P, roads discriminate against the local traffic of the interior in an arbitrary manner. They charge as much to Ogden as to Han Fraucificn, about a thousand miles beyond, and twice as much to Winne niucca as to San Francisco. There may be an excuse for some discrimination, but not for such wholesale imposition. The government should protect the people from the tyranny of the corporation it so greatly favored. Bills are now before Congress looking to government control, in somo degree, of rail roads. If some reasonable plan can be adopted to secure fair treatment of the people by the roads; to prevent great corporations from waging U8elens wars with each other, as well as to prevent combinations that will en able them to rob the public, it will be for the general good as well for the good of the cor porations ss for the safety of the public the serve. MUTTON SHEEP. It will be in order for ton.e practical men whoundertUnd the ins and outs of sheep rail ing, to write us communications showing fully the relative profit in growing sheep for wool and mutton. Take, for instance, the different breds of aherp that we have in this country, and examine their productive capac ity in all mpect and draw conclusions. Thert is the hardiness of the different breeds to be considered, and a cnh value put on that feature, for sheep hntbandry must Lo carritd oi entirely with a view to its money return. Some breeds incrtfaie more prolifically than others, aud some lambs when born tsko can of themselves sooner. Koine breeds w ill live I where other. w,ll starve, and some produce good wool under circuin.tances that others NO. 45 will not. The easo wit'i which sheep ran b kept in good order is an uupo taut fact ir in the general account. The next consideration thould bo tho value of respective fleeces It is possible that somo sheep, bred highly to Merino, should average ten pounds 1 1 the floei'c.nnd tho wool, average to be worth twenty cents, whilo other bands may rnnge iu weight fiom five to seven pounds to the fleece, aud their wool bring twenty-rive to thirty cents per pound. That will involve the respective vnlius of conrso wools, medium and combing wool", and nally covers a very important blanch of sheep husbandry. This ort of knowledge will qualify a man to grow wool moro umletw Htandingly. Then we must consider tho value of meat in different binds, and thii is an impoitvit question, Merino sheep lungo from 60 to CO pounds net and go more to wool. This mutton is not so good meat as others, and thu difler ence iu weight of meat and wool together ninkc up the valno of the sheep. Mutton hci p range in weight from fiO to 100 ounds, mid when mutton is worth five cents per pound, the difference of 2f to 40 pounds amounts to no small item. What, then, are tho mutton sheep f In tmgen wo have flocks more or less pure of CoIbwoMb, Leii esters, Oxfordehiret, Shropshirca and Southdowus, and what will cover the rango of this discus sion will be to tiko the Merino, as commonly bred with us, show how it should and can be bred to advantngo and then show how each of those other breeds, known an mutton bio ds, or long-wool sheep, compare with the fairly bred Merino. This will be ,i good text foi all tho enter prising sheep men to treat npon, anil whon well iliscustcd it will jield to tho roideis ol tho Farm I u a very unpoitant fund of infnr nation We doul t if m tho whole range of faun topics there can be found any subject of greater Importance for the gei oral farmer to understand than tho above. WINTER WHEATS. It is well demonstrated that iu the climate of Western Oregm, and nlso in tho Wolla Walla country, the white- wheats known abroad s peculiar to Oregon, thrivo and yield large icturns. It is no' ytt decide), that wc are awaioof that mall the von n try East of the Casealc-s generally, our wlnti wheats answer tho best purp tse, and aro tho safest to insure good returnf. It is truo that tho northbrw portion of Washington hon a moro severe win tcr climate than thti vicinity of Walla Walla, That isg'vm as the reason why wheat that is sowed in the fall sometime freezes out. We lately roviewcd this subject and suggested that winter wheat from th Upper Missis sippi States should lxi tried hero. We do not know whether any one has tried those Minnrsott wheats, and we again submit the matter for consideration, with a request that any reader who has tried other wheats, or knows of those who have tried them, will inform us of the remit in such case. To do so will be of internst to Ml farmers. An Knikualaatlr I.txloriemeni GriRHAM, N. II., July 14, 187ft GrAT Whoever yon arc, 1 don't know, but I thank the Lord and feel grateful to you to know that in this wmld of adulterated medicines, there is one compound tha proves and does all it advertises to do, and mori.. Four years ago I had a slight shock of palny, which unnerved mo to inch an extent that the least c itemtnt would make mu shake like the aqne. Lat May 1 was induced to try II p Bitters. luted ono bottle, but nid not see any change; another did so change my nerves that they are nnwss steady as they ever were. It used to takr both hands' to write, but now my right hand writes this Now. if vou continue to nvuiufiuitiirii as imiwl and hnnett an article m vou do, you will ac cumulate, an honest fortune, and confer the greatest blessing on yonr fo'low-men that was ever conferred on mankind. Tim Buik'h. Wc call attention to th exprt asions of the lit. Rev. B. Wistar Morrw, ff the Epicopal Churthjthic city, regarding our change ol pro gramme. Surely, when such men wish us good luck and prosperty from an unbiased standpoint, it is aa littkt as thorn most ciTcetud and iiitertited could do to see ns prosper and lend a helpitg baud, iiuvv can yru help! Well, this wa) Writo your experience and send them to us; we will gladly pu'Iuh all such uperh nets and tly will in turn draw out cthcri of a differing rniri.1 Thus will an interest be awaken&l 'I hen ee if your ueighlur nadi or takt the Vixhik. If not, get him to supscribe. "Both these oints are essential to our prosperity and vrillbe a bene fit to all ."Men condemn in tfrs whvt tlmy practice tnernselves " Tho.a who iini.tin the use of Kidney-Woit ntver conduuii il ""'l'V trs. but comm ', 'j'Vetulung but commend it to all atovtul eorrtipstoii and alt UU of kidneys, liver ' Umchv n fpr.nt dl!ji.l..b....l f 61