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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 15, 1882)
rwBmm '-:' nim ' 'vvvvrrrv3 j- m m 4 tWTb Vj IMbJLJlJLr KIWMOT r- :jMiKir? s3H3S69ftyFn V.5s)" r &F?r' V W- issciea everj Week by the WIt.I.AmITF. I'ARMKK I'l IH.IHinM; I l. TKHMS OK MJltSCKU'TIlO. Ons year, (PosUire paid), Injedvancc I 2.M lix months, ircstajto paid), In adeancu . ..... 1.x Imm tlMnklxtiiontha lll be, per month ........ .26 AUVEKMSIMs HATES : AtvertisementHwlll ho Instrtul, providing tn sre n-ivw. Uhh , at the follow Inj UU ol rates : Jne. liicli ol -uteiH.r mulitli . 8 2 SO Jirne. Inches of spineiicr iiiuiilh "00 i hlf i-olurun lr month Jo 00 4n column per month .... .. . - " W w t-a Sample conks sent free on application. lairs, reonis o 6 and M futjllcauon limit. io " ,Mmjwi, ....v.... ,. l'l lillxlll.K'rt AMSOIHtfJlhNT Thefollolnirarn authorized to rctdpt for nbm.rlp unn to this paper, til Where, we hae no sirint rt antlaniis MlhT ho made, (ceiK"s paid), to at hy K?ltirtd I elttr, or Mnni) Orders, or Kvpriss. A 1.1. I'Al'hllS IllhCO.NTIr.UJ.il AT Tllh KXPIItA HON OK TIIK T1JIK l'AII Wli. Amltv It I, Shnn-on ailniioii ...II w binltli lajwisvllle llUMcTiinmoiids iOoklnirOlsjis. M Cochran Lincoln I. Abrauis litaittto JVV traiiim Aurora .. .lto Miller IlW.wnmlllc W It Kirk Butuvllle John Hate heller Huttc Cretk K Skervin Hmnka VV II HarrlvlviiUlnimllc J Mcl'hIlliM ULllevno JifTliavis OawfonlsWIlt Iloht Uluw ritouM(lr J II ShortriiUn jlefloj h iioiiuns lltl'lubuiit FSThajtr Marl. .11 II Itulhtrford Mohawk ..J B Churchill Moniiiotith ,W Wattrhouo No Vamhlll OH'Hipplnj,-ton lowell Villejr.TK Williams Cbrvallls Mtjer IlarrialHohawrk Uhalnpoit,' Ajciua unaaui H Forlosf fkivtnTi K C lladawavl Urins Hon .1 (,' Drain, Pilot llo. k .r. uiiiiani lnILm .J I Hmttll I'didlctori. lot I.lurmore Uufur A ' l'"'"ri Jr Ebla ThonuiH 1'iaru) Ktktnn A II Haines KlJine, Hon J II JleCluuu Kflcinhiirjr Hon II Why Kori-it (.roe S lliuliis Koa Valley A H Oarchiir (loshui J llandsiktr I'trryilale .J W tktirew i lloamnttUIIOWHandaikcr i Itlvbrsid.' C K Kuoitles : Itoaohun;. .S Iv llatmonil . Hwmt Home . ..Z 11 Mods l rialMil S W Churth btayt;n ..A 1) (iurdncr Sublimity Jno l)oiilnjr (Jwton A C luyinond flnn..! M Mitchell Scio ,j m orris ,W M 1'uMirs John l.upcr lion Thos Smith Vhold Qoldindile 1! I'hHlurAUoTEiiipiit llarr slmr Hon II wnmn Hlimir Ilalm-y lihck, I'wirl A (JoWilImetl .... niiKins Irvinir A u Jennings, nemj ,rtAMnn.iiiwi UWtiH.inIeiiie.VV I. Ilc-litln Wwton ..,liS"lrf JaikniHle.. Mix Mnller Waltalmor V .N 8ml h JUmtlon .W II Habtr Walla Walls,. ..J Jacobs JtlSmon J VV lloland Ztail S SHllnble Wk iiak nceitd the prixpectus of tho Yakima ShihiI, which will lm issued at Yak ima City, W. T. It will lie a 48 tolmnu iiuartn. It will appiar about the first of Jan uary, iks:t. Iluiil.NU the fall, knowing that many had not sold their grain, wu Imvo not insisted on the cafli in advance, but iiive concluded to wait foi thuiud of thu yoar, uid we now givo ntitite that on the liifct day of January, 188.1, if not foontr, .ill accounts not pic paid will be iliscoiitiutud. Wo shall adi.eru aftir this punctually to the plan nl i'hIi in dihai.ci-, HOPS 'lliori) is a strung apprettation just now of ttie iniportancii of hop growing as a branch of proiliu tion, and piobably a )reat many far mers will strain tlulr resources to plant hops in Impo to nap inn I'art of tin- golden show r, tli it is uxpictvd to aid the hop mau. It is well enough, under suoh circuuwtaiiocs, to te view thu past of hops and too what experitnte kaa taught. It Is s.nd that III cents per pound will ay a Imp (power fairly for Ins cost in grow ing them. 'I hat doi not suppose a pn f it, or a imlly living piolit, hut meioly mvis bini from bus. Wo doubt veiy uitioli if 13 cents pir pound is sufiiiuuut compensation, beciuso wu huo seen a great many, who bad hop vault, f ul in lnuiuesa wliua prices ati aged tint wtll. Wo have iriuunU aualust leu who iicmt will wy, linoaiian tin ir iuvt-t-nient m lios iiiiiied them. This ye.tr I'uy aJlup gioutis iMino out ahead, ami are aituil I7 nituuilittJ with uisli li.alaiiuim to their cud it mull as tbuy noir dreamt d of. I'hu puce kas bet'ii pheiiomi'iiil. A dollar oreonbilf atlolhr a pound is fur abuvu common epio tatinu l.'tst iiir tho price was good, mid Piiyullup giomis li.nl a bi'iietit. Most of them got (lilt of dubt for thu first time. 'I ho pruo had In en 1 cully good fur two yeais bo fore thit.eoniiueiieiiig, wo think, in IS7U, but kad not imithid them iiiui'h Wluui thtre, a low d)s since, wu heard that a number if ttieui eiis ago hid takeu adyautago of the bankiupt Isn to nn iro their accounts, liven Mr. Mirkri, thu greatest Imp urower 011 the toast, it was said, had to do this a few yeira siiito. So It sieius the hop trulo has its iois itudis. Anotliei tliniKi 1icim unlit be piop-r-ly 1 mid tn bo s.ilablo 111 oi.hiijry tiinm, and ovtiy growir must build 111 eiptuiaiwi dr) houte. Thoru who Ihltik u( lushing ill to grow ko s, Iccuiisti tin y buir a taliulout price this yeni, uiuct bi'iil 111 mind that it will tako two yeais to uiakii a 1 lop. No uinii kbiiuld l.0 lu growing bopt, nidi ss he has good staying ipialil We knew of nun who plow id Ui linn nop yards tu liud their niighbois well (ft the usinu siasou Mi StuMiiiuu, of Vikima, tells tit hop growers in K1ttil.1t, who pi wed upthiirhop mikm, iiu were disci 111 igid just at thu time the) uiiijlit not I he tiutli sei ins lo be Hi At hops are i'x peuie to grow, and to pioprily gttlmr and cure, Tho 111 in with stialgliteiiiid meius ami a giott hop ard oil his hands, 111 a li.nl tin. sun, is simply 1 lit ot luck. So it is uevensarv not to undertake! too muoh, and wheu )ou have a hop )id, kiep up good grit ami "stay with It. ' Wo nad lately -Imt caniiiit mioto accurate. h that liu bad aveiagal tu Iki worth (imt JO lenta pel lMHind for over Jl) yetrs. T hi probably no product of tho soil that is mine liable to tluttuatioti III psioe. It is way up ur way dow 11, lu oilier ixuiatiiM hops baght and mildew, and tl at 1U11MU scarcity and makes tho extra deuiaud, Ikiwi, tho nut jtar, tlmv will b exutMXasit itiii every- hi re, and 11 lies are uuwherr. fills country has the gie.it advantage isf proiltnliiij', the best ipta'.ity uf hops with the utmost c rtaiuty The world bhlitt luo nut nvacliAl hire It u iitltly true that so siiocih-J bt'ttir with them than they do auywlinre olae, so it It aafir l.fie than elsuwluiu lo grow them, We hate given hole all the facts, fiu. and ron., ctiutf tiling hop i,i)wiug,ao far as we tiu iltrsUnd it, tut the woudiTful suiveas if thoio who lue hop j aids in !8Hi couutiilul .tuces all the caution we cau khiii. I'll) allup lias struck a bouaitu, that would alfunl tome genuine humorist a chance to immortalize himself. Men who never had anything in shape of properly, more definite than a mort gage, now have ten to ixty thousind dollars to their credit, and really don't know hat ufc to make of their unexpected wealth. One old bachelor got married; a plain couple who hadn't any good clothes spent days of time selecting now gjhl watrhes. One honest nun who once took the bankrupt law has pa il all his o'd debt". BE CULTURE Vo hear, lately, unusual inquiry concernii g Ijccsj persons at the Kast ar9 wishing informa. tion as to how they thrive here, and as to whether they can make a businiss of raising bees hero with profit. Wo lately published the account of the Beekeepers' Astocintion Meeting, so our reideis have the latest infor mation from that source. We shall proceed to give a few words about beekeeping in genera' in this region, so far as we know of it. We remember well when bees were first in troduce!. It must have been twenty-five years ago that quite an excitement was cre ated by the bringing of bees to Oreg in. The difficulty of bringing thtm here around by the Isthmus and tho frtquent loss by that touto caused bets to bear a high pi ice, until propa gation here made them common. We never owned a hive but many of our frienda did, commencing when they commanded 125 a hive. It was several years before they reduced in value to $70, and sime then they have probably been as cheap hero as anywhere. Wo nevir heard that bees wire bard to keep, or that they ili?d olT badly. The fust heekiepcrs Biemed to do fairly when they took eufficuut tare, for while the "little busy bee" has an industrious way of taking caio of himself, he still needs some supervision from intelligent miuds to scenic his gemrul well being. They seldom made honey a plentiful product, though tho owners must have had it at home We have seen honey at farm houses frequent- ly. Of late years some people hire have taken osptoial interest in bees, and htvo imported Italian queens, with the same good results at tainid elsewhere. Our read(rs have seen con tributions Irom bee ixperts occasionally, in the Faumkk. I'lobably tho hist hive ever in vented was by Mr. Knsley.of Yamhill county, one of oursubsuibcrs. Whitliirheatnl othirs ever realized their expectations from making honey to nel', we cannot say. Probably 110 one ktops enough Men to create much of a busi nest, but generally f .r home supply of honey. Will not some friendly boekeeper give us tho fact as to tho profit thev make on their invett incut? We wish some friend would handle thu subject in detail, and give us all tho points in beekeeping from beginning to mil. We see many hives about farm houses, and hot keeping ought to be, by this time, a wtll established system. Ill California liee farming has a separate ex istence, and constitutes a great business of it self. It is reduced to a perfect system, and California honoy, in small frames, comes hero freely, and finds littlo competition fiom our own lit en. Now, as to the practibdity of nuk ing honey pay as a irop, wo cannot givo specific uifoi uiation. Home of our bickeeping friends will furnish tli.i', hut wo ran say, as wo lmu before mid, ears ago, that a na tural honey belt, where honey dtw is distilled freely, exists 111 the Willamitte Valley, oer the Mnlall 1, through by fester's, 111 Clack auias county, iixteinlng lo Oak (iiove, 111 Wasco county, tast of the Casuido range. In this range of country bees thrive wonderfully; wild honey is found 111 treis and in other un- uip ited plates. lu that part of Clackamas county, A. J Diifur, when hunting up th ngs to show at the 1'hil.ulelpliia Exposition 111 1870, gathered boughs uovored with crystals of hunuy dew, and carried them there. At one place he saw where lues had uiadu 80 pounds of delicious honey between tho rails of a fence. Them is a specially uood honey belt over at Washougal, W. T., near the mountains 011 the Columbia, close by Cape Horn. Again, oer at Alsea, and Ynqulua on the coast, wu know, honey is nude freely. The country all will ptodticti honey, no doubt, but these sections are famed for it. We 'can ctrtifythat wluiiweh.no eaton Oregon hone w e have found it cry delicious. We bad some in Jorlui Valley, l.inn county. once, when, on a cmipiiig oxpeilitiou, that was into, lilt Washiiugil luuey is far bitter lhaii average California made Oms is free from a wetdy ta-tu that alletts California honey often, and is gent rally as good as heart can wish. Wo reiall this much aliout Imuey, with the hope that some fiiend who takis 111 terikt in the matttr, and has experiunco bo sides, will give us fuller and more satisfactory information Wu know that ery little Ore gon honey is vt-r offered for sale in market able shape. THE YAKIMA COUNTRY Kast of thu Cascade Mountains, or ratlur, extending from their summit eastward to the Columbia iier, occupying the middle portion of Washington Teriitor),lita Yakima couuty, a region of great extent, ami that would at tract much more attention than it now note if brought near the world h) transportation facilities, South of it is Klickitat t-ouuty, and eut, is the grrat bend of the Columbia rittr. The eastern portioii'uf tlin couuty, 1) ing par allel with the Columbia for 100 milts, with average width of SO to 4.0 mile, la a dry re gion, without water courses, sloping towards the Columbia on'tho east, and thu Yakima ou the west. The Yakima riier&ud its numerous tributaries occupy the country west of this dry ridge, The Yakima heads tn the north, west, and its upper waters have uiauy charm ing alley a. The streams that come down from the Cascade Mountains and flow into the Yakima, also possess U-auitifut alleys, and constitute tho most available portion of tho country for farming purple. One of our Bub.'cribers, Mr. J. W. Stevenson, called ou us last week, and gave an iiitrrostiug tweouat of WILLAMETTE PAKMER: PORTLAND, OREGON, DECEMBER the whole region which we shall endeavor to work up for our readers. Mr Stevenson took his claim in the Cow iche Valley, l.'i miles northwest of Yakima City, in 1870. The Cowu he is a small stream that puts into the Yakima. All these streams have good bottoms, but these were ir.ostH taken up by Bit'b rs of the early day. There may still be home good land vacant (n the bottoms, but they really have littlo advantage over the uplinils that divide the streams Cottonwood is found along some of the streams, but tho region is clear of forests ui.t 1 ouget to tho mountains. All tho uplands bttweeu the strtams are well watered. 'Ihtse beui.li lands are becoming well appreciated as the tountry grows older. They are often covend with a big growth of sage, and where ever lug sage is found it indicates de p, rich boiI. Where water can he got on this sage land it produces well. At an early day hop yards were planted on this land, sud with ir rication proved to be very productive. That region is lielieved by hop growers there to ex. eel every other in growing hops, and this big sage land is equal to the bett. The early growirs became discouraged at the lo v piiie of hops, and plowed up their plantations- much to their after regret. Mr. Stevenson thinks one-fourth of all tl e upland, west of the Yakima, is the best of farming land. The other three-fourths is rocky to some extent, but excellent for graz ing. That section, as we said a long time ago, ofiers good inducements for farming and stock growing combined. It is capable of sustaining a heavy population, and will be all taken up as soon as it is furnished with transportation. Early settlers thought the sage upland worth less, but hive found out their mistake. Mr. Stevenson says he saw onion', four inches 111 diameter, that were grown on such soil the past seaEon. It is found to produce well all sorts of cereals and vegetables. l'cople have been coming in, and settling rapidly during tho past season. Mr. S has an orchard tu this sage land that bore well this season. His first orchard was planted on bottom laud, and was killed by a severe winter. He removod it to high land, and his trees do splendidly and bear well. He sajs fruit Beems to havo got acclimated, and docs well where it did not t n years ago. Men, lit the foot of the Cascade Mountains, on tho headwaters of the Attau uin, have good orchards. One man had SOU busluls of apples this year, and sold some o' tin in as high as 5 cents per pound. Wherevci orchards have been planted on good land, in Yakima county, and propeily tended, they seem to havo done well, a very important fact for stttltr. The Yakiirn Indians havo a reservation, that takes up the largest body of good land in the county. This is always tho case, because the tribes were treated with before the vab e of the country was appreciated, and thev wercgiventhobest. The troubltis, there isf ur tmiis as much good land, in evtry instance, a- they need. Such is tho case in Yakima, as the Indians caunot use over one-fourth of the laud they possess. This reservation covers a large scope of v uluablo country. Mr. Steventon thinks millers can find pood locations for both flouring and lumber nulls 111 Yakima county, and it looks as if such o por tunitits should be improved. There ai e sev eral schemes now contemplated for bailing water onto dry lands in Yikimi county. They do well, of course, with irriKi tion; but the same uplands lited only to 1 e thoioughly subdued, and sown to v.l eit inily in tho fall to turn oil good ciops of grain. If well plowed and tilbd, the tamo land grows good gardens and ort bards. We have lately tried to show, in the KahhsH, what Mr. Stevtnson sajs is true, that proper cultivatirn and seeding in the fall, with hardy wluat, will iusuie good yield in all the Upper Coun try. The settlers of Yakima seem remote from outside market, but they enjoy compensations and have a home market to some extent, l'lacer mines are worked on the Swaak, and there is a good paying quartz 1111110 ou the IV shastin. The precious metals exist generally in thoso mountairs.audiiitline mines may furnish, a good nnrUet for farm products. There have been hundreds of men engigcd for the North im l'acilic H. R. Co., gittmg out logs and tits on the headwaters of the 1 lUima, and they also have to be fed. We shall not attempt to enumerate m de tail tho vallo)s of this county, but to g ve, from a praotical and reliable source, s me genervl ulci of tho country ami its indutc mints. The cistern edge of Yakima county, at wo have said, from the junction of the Yakima river with the Columbia northwester ly, between thecti nveis for one hundred miles, has some springs but no streams, 1 his is sat;e brush and bunch grass hills, much of it capable of being farmed and made value. No doubt, water cau le procured almost any where. It is used for pasturage, and to the Northward is a great sheep range. Mr. Klm, who has a sheep range, raises grain success fully. Two years ago this winter, when stock died 111 such numbers along the Columbia river; to the South, his sheep wintend, with out being fed, aud almost w ithout loss. In coarse of time, we may expect to see Yakima county command prune importance. M:V EVERY WEEK. Oregon Kidney Tea. From the multitude of certificates received from well known citizens who have been ben efitted by the use of this remedy, the pmprie. tors, Mesra. Hodge, Davis & Co., havo con tracted to liublisti two new ones each wtvk for the ear ending April 1, 181, that all mir reader may sees the crvat UeneUt it has con ferred ou the aulictcu. CouiiLMiu.k., W. T., March 31, 18S0. 1 have ahtl the diabeta for thirty )earv. Have had many h) siciaus preset ibe for me, but tailed to get relit f. I Intel the Outdo s KlliskY Tka, and the first dose gave ine re lief, lam uow almost well, aid woull rec oinuiend it to any one suffering (rum this disease. Moses I'ikh; nklBuv Mm, "Wells' llrallh Keiiewti reterrt healln aiul vlker, cures i)sla, liupolxice, eiual !biltty II, COAL MINES IM THE SOUND KE0I0N. From Alaska to Southern Oregon there seems to be one vast cosl field along the coast and r.n the islands opposite to it. We have read for many years of coal mines en Vancouver's Island, from whence shipmints arc still con stantly made. Utllwgham Uay was for many years the seme of mining operations, and the coil deposits were found immediately on the bay, so as to be shipped direct from tho mine. Hut that coal proved of inferior quality, aud when better coal came in competition wilh it. it was abandoned. The mites at Ccos 15ay at one tune ai traded c'ose attention, and were extensively ofcrated, but that coal was lather inferior; tho miners are turning off less than herttoiore, three mines being still kept in operation. The study of the coal deposits must be very attractive to a perse n versed 111 mining lore. The most plausible theory is, that at a pi riod before man wan ou the earth there was a woi derful growth of vegetable substancts, such as tree ferns and tropical plants tfrat at tiined gigantic proportions in a steaming at mosphere. The earth was cooling down to its present condition, and was preparing great s ton a of mineral wealth for man to use when he should appear. These forests were each year supplanted by newer growth, and the filler and substance thns accumulated through ages was afterwards submerged and covered deep with sands swept into the sea by the eros.on goiong on all over the land. Imagine that we had millions of years when forests were growing to form coal beds and were then submerged to be overlaid with strata of sand. Upheavals and depressions were con stant in the long ages when the tarth's crust was scarcely cod, and was certainly thin. Those deep vegetable or woody beds were subjecd to immense pressure and became carbonized deposits There are sections in the United States where you can bore down a thouBind feet and continually pass through beds of coal. We recall this much familiar philosophy to give the reader a chance to study the processes of nature. The mountains were made by upheavals from the bed of the sea. If $he world were level, it would all be under water hundreds ot feet. Internal forces and pressure of water acting from within and without have caused he earth's crust to upheave, and wo now find the coal beds that have been for ages undir the sea forming part of thi foothills and mountains. So the coal deposits we refer to i iccupjine the shoro lino of Alaska, Wash ington and Oregon were no doubt croited. The mine at Newcastle has one vein ten feet thick of solid, sliiniug coal that is jit bhek and fairly glitters. This was left by the upheaval at a pitch of 33 (legless, and is descended by an incline. They go down a ways and then woik in at the side ami break down all the coal above. A good workman must easily mine five tons a day of this coal. It is sent up the incline to the bunkers, which are immense stiong buildings for holding coal. The car is dumped at the top of this, and as the coal slides down an incline it is screened into three sizs. Coal bunkers are so made that coal once tluown in them is taken care of by the law of gravitation. The building is built on tho side of the mountain, and has tho slope of the mountain. Coil is put in at the top, ami cars aro loaded as they pass below. The coal at Newcastle is lignite, which is a more recent formation than tho b st bitumin ous and anthracite coals. Lignite is not so valuable as these because it has more ashes. The ISewcastlo mine, however, is very lair coal, and is a remarka ble vein. That is a v.onderful region, w lure ooal veiiiB crop out for forty miles as you go towards tho mountains. It commences with lignito at Hcnion, and goes on improving as von o East Thirty miles above you have good liitun inous veins, and forty miles finds excellent anthracite coal veiu, as good as the world knows. When vou remember that these coal beds are extensive, as we have shown, you can see that these miucs will constitute a means of enormous w eal'.h for all time to come, which is made more important by the fait that no other region west of the Rocky Mountains possesses auy such natural resources The mine at Carbonado, 35 miles east of Tacoma; is ow ned by the Central Pacific rail- roid. Tins mining district has bituminous toal of good quality, and lies 111 a deep can) on along carbon rivtr, a pouring torrent fnsh fiom the snows and glaciers of Mount Rinier, or as wo prefer to call it, Tacoma. The word means "The Mountain." It is fit ting to give it the name it always bore among the Indians. Carbon Canyon is a deep gorge, into which we were let by 'steam power opeiating a railway up and down a steep in cline. Loaded cars are hauled up this incline in forty seconds. The steep grade is about 900 feet long, and wears a fearful look at first plance, but the visit to the depths below fully paid for the trouble and for all the long jour ney to reach there. The gorge is so deep that the walls are very abrupt. Sometimes they are clad with brush and great firs and cedars, but often they are bvre rocks that overhang us. One) place is suitably named Inspiration I'oint. If any person can look on it and not catch inspiration he must he base brrn and sordid souled. The whole can) on is abso lutely wonderful, and so possessed of Nature's seen ts that cuo feels oppressed with the thought that we penetrate here father into tho unknowable than was iutended for us. The Mining Compauy have about two thousand acres, including a mile or more of Carbon river depths. As we'prvceed we find a narrow tramw ay extending before us, Xow it crosses an abrupt twnd of the river by a rustic-looking bridge; now it entirs a tunnel to prospect a coal vein; tl en it follows the creek aw a) s to en as and rrcrtvts, entering tunnels frequently, bending ss the river winds aud inakiue a smooth wa for our footsteps that would not otherwise be very easy to travel. The eye 11 never out of sight of plain evideuces cf coal New veins are crurping out a5t 1882. continually; sometimes they are too small to work to advantage; si metimes they may be of inferior quality, but there are many of good quality and good size. To vaiy the monotony of cral, and continu ally coal, at one time a beautiful brawling stream leaps over the upper wall and comes leaping and pouting down, now making a clean bound over a rocky point, now twisting iu and out among the tangled growth', until it reaches the river 400 feet below. At Inspiration Point we found whole chap ters of geology and of natural science written on a cliff thbt looked as though it might have been freshly chiseled down for hundreds of feet. Tho locality shows exactly how tho up heaval occurred. The strata appear like a material rainbow painted on the face of tho cliff, not with fjrrgeous colors, but with veins of coal. Our guide the ton of N. I'. Willis, the author and poet was a gentleman of rare attainments in the study of mines, and made our visit instructive as well as a pleasure. Coal veins were to be seen on this naked wall. doin( their full share to vary the display. Ele en distinct coal strata unite to make the graod atch alluded to. Many of them are small, but eleven coal veins in one group, as there are, constitute a magnificent display. We have attempted to convey some part of the impression the coal regions of Puget Sound made upon us when we saw them. The extent of coal is only dimly understood at yet. Coal and iron abound in that vicinity. They constitute two of the most euduiiiig certain sources of wealth known to tat ions England has become enormously rich by me ins of coal and iron deposits no greater than exist on the Sound. Coal and iron give her the sup'emacy she enjoys among na'ions. They will do as much for Oregon and Wash ington in the course of time. MORE GOOD COUNTRY. We published last week the letter of a haul working German, who is a blacksmith 111 the railroad shops at Amsworth, who also took up land near the Columbia, a few miles above there, and had succeeded in making a farm and growing good crops. It has been supposed that all this southwestern portion of Whitman county was comparatively worth less, but we learn that in the vicinity of th's German's place there is a strip of couutry along the Columbia river that is rich soil and well worth cultivating. A similnr strip, liar uow east and west, but long noitk and south, lies parallel with the railroad, between it and the river. There is also a long Btrip of good country lying along tho north bmk of Snake river a few miles above Ainswoith. Also, the northern portion of Walla Walla county, be tween Snake river and the Touchet, remains unoccupied and is being rapid!;, settled up. Plus is generally high hills where water is not so readily oltainable as nearer tho moun tains. The value of the soil seems bevond question, and the fact that fully one-half the arable land in Walla Walla county remains vacant is finally attracting tho attention it deserves. There is also a great portion of the Palouse country vacant, which has been neglected because of its distance from timber. Much of the iuterisr and southern portion of the Palouse, solid agricultural land, without any superior, thus waits location by thoso de siring government land, and thero is a great area of lailroid land still unsold. Now that a railroad is being built through this region to pass from Bluff Wtlls to Mo cow and Far iniujjton, it should bo considered as available as any poitiou nf the Upper Country. That does not by any means comprise all the good land vacant, but all lies coutiguous to Snake river. In this list we can also include the Assotin country beyond Lewiston. HARNEY VALLEY AND MALHEUR. Wo met the other day an old Oregoriau who had been East of the Mountains recruit ing his health in the Malheur country. Har- nty valley he describes as a beautiful region, w Inch is now a famous pasture ground, and will, in due time, become peopled and pro duce the staples of agriculture. It is common to 1 ear people speak of Middle and Eastern Oregon as a stock range, without other possi bilities. Now it Ivas no other 1 ppjrtumty but to raise stock to be driven off to other coun tries, but 111 tlvc not distant future, as soon as pur railroad builders tan get time to attend to its wants and study its possibilities, railroads will make their way east and wst, from Snake river to tho Willamette Volley, ani w ill redeem from its savagery an immense re- giou of which wekaow comparatively nothini;. One half of the area of Oregou lies in Baker, Grant aul tho portion of Wasco couuty paral lel to them and even with their uoith line. Tins part of our State is exactly the area of New York. It remains almost entirely be yond reach nf progress, for it has uo railr. ad and no navigable river. It contains the greater. part of the Blue Mountains, and is composed, to the south, of a lake regiou, with wide spread plains. These plains are not without habitable and arable spots, and there is every reason to expect that this Immense territoiy will develop greatly as soon as it his oppor tuuity. The ooastruction of the Baker City branch by the O. R. & N. 0. aud of the Short Line road, will be its first Introduction to a progressive era. That its mountain glades, uplands, and so-called "deserts" will eventually realize a destiny befitting our State we fully believe. OeaUussatlsB Oared. An old physician, retired from practice, hiring had placed in his I audi by an East In dia missionary the formula of a staple vegeta ble rcanedy for the speedy and permanent curs (or Consumption, Bronchitis, Catarrh, Asthma and all Throat and Look affections, also positive and radical cure for Nervous Delillty and all Nervous Complaints, after havint; tested its wonderful curative powers in thousands of cases, has felt it his duty to make It known to his suffering fclfowa. AotoaWby this motive and a desire to relieve MtaTet-lng. I will aead free of charge to all who desire it, tbl recipe, in Oermaa, French or lmr ' Block, N. V. S mo. TBACEOLOOY. The above word, I suppose, is not in th dictionary. but as it has been used by as cor rect and elegant a writer as Bayar 1 Taylor, 1 hope I may be c llo wed to use it here. I should call it the study of tracks. Every animal walking on soft or dusty soil ti ake" a track pecaliar to its diss, whereby much can be learned of its character. If you will examine some dusty road n soon as it is light in the morning, you will be surprised nt the number and variety of tracks made during tte night, especially in newly settled localities There it lies beforeyou like a printed page, with the signature of every nocturnal creaturo which has crossed it. Even the snake leaves its straight or crooked trail straight and small if deecending, and broad and crooktd if as cending in its course. Perhaps a deer has parsed along, priming its name deep in th soil with its sheep-pointed toes; or a dog, with every toe embedded. plainlv ; or a coop, with its narrow heel and spreading toes, mak. ing a fan-shaped track. The coon likes to eourse along small ereeks, where you will often see his tracks in th? mud, and although his legs are Bhort and his fur long, he never gets a speck of mud on his coat. If he could teach some of us pior lupaJs the art of getting around as cleanly over black mud it would be a trick worth knowing. But tho track of on animal when at rest or moving slowly, looks much smaller ani quite different from when they are going at full speed, with toes spread and extended, and if of the felino genus claws unsheathed. A man's hand or foot undergoes some such change in passing from rest into action. Every animal is compelled lo labor and encounter danger, even more than man. Lil'o with them is a strusgU in which the strong and cunning prey upon the weak and harmless; and as there is no moral law with them to counteract the law of aelfishne's, they thus fulfil their destiny. Puoxv G. The Northern Pacific Exhibition Car. The Northern Pacific Railroad has fitted up a car with the agricultural products of the country in Dakota, Montana, etc, on its line, and forwarded it East to the various county fairs in Illinoss, Indiana and Ohio. It is sixty feet long, and of tho same width and height as other cars on its line. The door at one end is surmounted by a buffalo head. The heads of the family of antelopes that a tracted so muck attention at the fair in Minneapolis also have a place near the bulfab. The roof and sides aro covered with miuiiture shocks of grain. Ranged on shelves along the sides of the car are vegetables of every variety, and of quality and size unsurpassable. A pyramid Bhapesl stand is filled with glass bottles containing grains of every kind. Oats, wheat, buckwheat and other grains in the straw, grasses and corn are shown in great variety. There are OCX) to 700 sampl's, all told. The specimens of wool number 70, and ofgrag-es there are about 00. Beets measuring two feet in length and weighing twenty pounds each, cucumbers and squashes of largo size claim attention. Ores, petrified woods, bnck, lime and every conceivable product that it was practicable to exhibit are to be seen. There are a number of beautiful photographs ef eceuery in Montana and Dakota to be. seen. This novel exhibition will bring practically to the attention of thou sands the possibilities of agriculturaltuccess iu tho vast territory it illustrates. It is living fact, better than a thousand pamphlet de scriptions. Ex. The cat which endures a dog, or a male of any species but its own, exercises more for bearance than the ordinary Christian would find possible. Lddi.soto.v, Mich., Feb. 2, 18S0 I have sold Hop Bitters for four years and there is no medicine that surpasses them for billious attacks, Sidney complaints and many diseases incident to this malallal climate. H. T. Alixandeb. Some Fine Jerseys. There arrived on Tuesday's steamer a herd of nine Jerseys, incljding heifers and bulls. They were imported by Mr. D. H. Looney, a well-to-do farmer near Jefferson, He spent nearly two months in California, during which time he visited all the leading and ex tensive growers of that State. He found that the Jersey stock was of an enhanced price, and it was with dirfioulty that be was able to procure those he did get. He intends breed ing quite extensively, aud intends to keep nothing but the best. It will pay anyone te visit his herd. Wants to Open Up a Coal.Mlne. Mr. John Howell, of Briir Bluff, Henry county, Illinois, writes us and asks where is there a place vv here he can open a coal mine. Will some of our readers iuform I im t Attention is called to Halstead's incubator, which is advertised in this isue .of the Farmer, See advertisement elsewhere. Every lady shou'd send 85 cents to Straw bridge & Clothier, Philadelphia, and receive their 'aAion Quarterly for 6 mo. 1,000 illus trations and 4 pages new music each issue. 2-decl5 We were favored dating the week with a call from C. S, Jaoluou, of Pendleton, editor of the ml Ortgemati, The only scientino lioa Mediclue that does not produce headache, ike., bat gives to the system all the benefits of iron without its bad effects, is Brown's Iron Bitters. How do you like our paper in the new form ? We are overly pleased, and only hope we can keep it up. We mast depend upon a good patronage to enable us to continue it so. A medicine of real merit, prescribed by many leading physicians, and universally recommended by those who have used it, as a true tonic is, Brown's Iron Bitters. Baekmstalsw" Qu-ek, oomsUsts cure, all aanojtoa; aUdasf, BkaUtr ui UrusablsssMS. IL Drmonsts. Coffee-grounds making a highly successful filling for a pin cushion. They most be dried perfectly before using. Put th)m in a ban and hang behind the kitchen store till you have enough that are dry to nil the cushion. They do not gather tnoistare, and oonsequeit ly do net rust the needle. & WIBIIsMBlllMlWSissjnSMWWjsy
