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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 13, 1882)
VOL. XIV. THE MECHANIC? FAIR AT PORPLAND. This fair has been held for two weeks, and has attracted many visitors. While the exhibit is not as full as it could be made, of the products uf this region, and of the progress of onr home nmnulacture, it still contains many in teres tirg objects, and the display is creditable and honorable to the city and State in many respect. The premises occupied consist of a whole block, on which is a main stiucture 100x200 feet, with galleries all around, and exhibition room fur art and fancy work in the front of the upper part. Besides tl is mam pavilion, there is an annex on the noi th, 50x200 feet, where machinery of all kinds is on exhibit, and on the south an annex 60200 teet, where a beautiful flower garden, grotto and fountain attract all lovers 6f Nature. On the west end is a room, where a horticultural and agricul tural exhibit is made, that i by all odds the greatest attraction of the Fair. To commence on the north, we find there a powerful tteam engine at work, driving a great deal of machinery; agricultural imple ments, harvesters and thrtshim machines are busy, or at least are in motion. Various me chanical appliances are found there that must be of great interest to those who appreciate the wide range of modern invention. But our province is to record the tacts relating to Oregon's progre-s, in manufactures, as well as production from the soil, so we will pass by the great mass of exhibitors, w hose display is arranged with much taste and artistic etfect in many instances; the music of the military band from Vancouvor headquarters; the elec tric Hunt, before which the city gas oppose its ineffectual glimmer, and notice in prefer ence the material things produced or man ufactured at home. One display that is noteworthy is of ele gantly finished Morocco leather, handsomely displayed, that comes from the Morocco wotks of Davis & Smith, of this city, whose tannery is at Fulton, Oregon. Molson's rope and twine making machine is gain on exhibit. This business has been made a success in this city, and is an enter prise that must grow in importance. The rope made is of excellent quality. The Oswego Iron Woi ks have a display of their pic iron, which is of superior quality, eqnal to best Norn ay iron. Thisiioniseo tough that years ago the Central Pacific Rail road ordered a certain proportion of Oiegon iron to be used in their car wheels. We have crreat iron works and machine ehops here iu Portland, and as the country grows, these works increase in impoitance and create a de mand for Oregon iron. It is interesting to see there, also, a display of Oregon made Btovts, for iu this line cf iron working our .home foundries excel and have all they can do. Stove works have been in successful operation in several Oregon towns, as well as in Port land. Our iron mines, being close to Port land, must lead to yety extensive iron work ing in the near future. The Oregon Brass Works, of tins city, have some nice work on display, that shows pro gnus in that branch of manufacturing. Some years ago this concern made a small begin ning, but have grown into a good and increas ing business. Whilo most of our agricultural machinery comes from Eastern factories, we see at State and county fairs, as well as at this Mechanics' Fair, good implemeata made in Oregon work shops. At this Fair we see specimens of gang and oidinary plows of Oregon make, that will undoubtedly outlast and outwork the ordina ry importations. Our potteries are yearly grow ingjn import ante. Chimneys and flues made in Portland, and ordinary pottery-ware from Buena Vista add to the exhibit of practical things. Waiting's lithographic stones and press at tract a fair share of attention, and oupht to prove a good advertising card for that enter pnsiag gentleman. There was slso a regular printing press, operated by steam power, turning off the Rural Spirit for the public. Oregon salmon is represented by a pyramid, not quite so large as Bunker Hill Monument, snade of canned fish. When wa reniemoer that the product of that tingle branch of our fisheries is worth millions of dollars annually, it is evident that it ought to have honorable plaos on such an occasion. Two rival fruit operators are in successful operation, turning off excellent fruit. Tbis is a department of industry and pi eduction that is of importance to Oregon, because a great portion of our country potaessts good toil and climate for production of ordinary fruits of the temperate zone iu excellence and profu sion. HuW to prepare them for the world's use, and for the needs of ouimtrce, is a ques tion of first importance. Both thus driers turn otf excellent fruit, but the Burns drier, otherwise know n s the Acme, receives a il- verrredal for supe.i..r method of utilizit-gand controlling heat. The Golden Qate drier has a gnod method, and the fiuit made looks and tats well. By either of these methods any fanner who has au orchard can have his green fiuit trans'ormed into the best quality of dried fruit, by a short and economical proas. Another man has oh exhibit a Lmtroth be hive, and tak-s orders for supplying these of the public Wi o wish to bedme bec-heimr. Bee8 and honey do w ell iu all this teni'Oiy We have not'o d that much of the honey brought to Portland has better flavor and more value than the best quality brought hither from California. Men well versed in bee husbandry can find a Urge profit by mak ing a careful venture here. Since last year enterprisii'g men have got control of the Wilhoit Mineral Springs, in Clackamas coun'y, and are turuing its medi cinal properties into money A great demand is growing up lire and elsewheie for thit water, which is bottled and sold at paying rates Its actual value fur medicinal usea is the assurance that it will iucreaseiu popular ity. A fine display of i his mineral water is made at tho Mcchani s' Fair. Pyramids of Oregon flour frm thr e of the best mills in the State look Very substantial in the Pavillion. One mill uses tl e gradual reduction process, ar.d cla nis superior excel lence. It is un loubtedly a better process than any other, and turns olf fljur thit gives uni veisal satisfactii n. At the present time the local demand for that Hour is increasing. Oue of the new things is a brush factory, and it was evident that it is a hon e manufac ture because the proprietor was to be seen putting things together and making brushes. Cigars are mado in Portland; there are sev eral shops whcie tho manufacture goes on. One of these establishments is represented at the fair. There is oil cloth clothing made iu Oregon for a wonder. A display of oak-tanned leather from Har ris & Clark-, of Eugene City, i evidence that ;.o hides ought to be shipped to California, It is gcod to see this business reWvine, becanso California tanntr and leathei dealers have for tome yeaiB succeeded in mum polizing the leather trade. Leaving the general ihow btlow and the fancy and art work above, witt. the single ex ception that the furniture duplay is ci edita ble, for tho reason that really nice furniture, is manufactured by factories in or near tbis city, we will pass to the floral display and garden. in the south annex. This portion of the prom ises is laid off in flower beds and walks, with occasional seat', and the rustic crntto and waterfall at one end add to its attractions. In the southwest corner is a large rem de voted to products of agriculture and horticul ture. There are piles of rich cheeses, from dailies oer on Sandy, east of Portland, and on White river, over on the Washing ton Bide of the Columbia. Dairying is be coming an important industry, and the growth of cities must foster it. Around the walls, and in stands prepared for the purpose, are sheaves of grain and grasses that speak for our farming regions. Of course the tasteful method of arrangement sets these off to advantage, but nature made her gifts to man bud, bloom and ripen in beauty, and then heads of cere'ls, trans planted from waving fields of golden luxuri ance, retain the golden plumage of harvest and the fruits of the summer yield. Here is t u true wealth of Oregon, gathered iron far and near to represent to the world what we can produce. It is true that nut many lands eqnal our cereal production. Wherever these exhibits are made and such a one was made at the Philadelphia Centennial they attract the attention of all who are familiar with the world's harvest fields, and excite admiration. Here are samples of scores of varieties of wheat, many kinds of oats, some of rye, and others of barley. While Oregou does not as sume tJ be a corn country, yet here are to be seen tall stalks of maize, with golden ears full ripe. The different graasei, native and cultivated, are clustered hero. The ttut terabit is very beautiful, and tuiafying to the eye. Along the walls are broad shelves that are loaded with luscious fruits. Orchards and vineyards have paid their magnificent tribute to the producing qualities of our soil. The displays of Setb Lue'ling, of Milwaukie, and J. H. Lambert, also of Milwaukie, were lim ply as fine as we could desire. Plates of ap ples, that might have grown in the garden of tba gods, pears that bluih for their very size, peatbes that belie the suggestion that we cannot grow tho.e lotcious fruits; plural that are somewhat out of date, but show what they have been in their pritre; prunes that rival their ancetors of the Orieut; chestnuts and w'InaU; small fruits canted; fruits of PORTLAND, OREGON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1882. various kinds dried, and indicating what this country cm do when it really commences to prodm o. Some persons, it seems, can raise grapes in Oregon, for the room was literally festomed with ripe ami heavy bunches of nuny vane ties. Ihe pilm in this respect is due to Mr. A. R. Shi ley, of Oswego, who exhibits forty varioties of grapes, all well grown and fully ripe. This is the tint st display of grape s we ever remember of having seen in Oregon, and we feel proud of fr end Shipley's success as a grape growe'. The display of vegetables is good, but not largo. It is tully up to the exhibit of fruits as far as it goes. Sime ciy fine oioi s came from tho Sp kan country. Dried fruits are exhibited by Mrs. Guiding, Walling & Sons, and J. B. Knapp & Ci. The display of cereals in sheaf, and also in glass was furnished from the collection made by the Bureau of Immigration, which is doing all that it cm to make the products of Oregon known, and render them available, Oregon wool is repi esented by fleeces and samples from the flocks of Robert Imbrie, Esq., of Uil'sboro, ai.d Mr. D. M. Guthrie, of Dallas, both of them enterprising and ex perienced wool growcis, who havo bred well into Merino sheep. We have simply reviewed tho Me -han'os' Fair from a home standpoint, without pre tending to describe the great pivilioii; the glitter of electr c light and the swell of music, or even the thousand things not of Oiegou make or growth that help out the d'splay. In the fruit, dairy and cereal department we noticed a churn that dt serves more than a possingnotica the Sprague patent churn tho right for Oregon ownid by D. Kridnr. Dur ing the first week of the fair Mr. Krider tested its merits by churning, on two differ ent evenings, under the aupirintei-dence of Mr. J. B. Knapp, a practical dairyman. The first evening he churned a gallon ol very thick sweet cream in ten minutes, which Mr. Knspp washed freo of buttermilk in the cuutu, nuking otui three pounds of very nice b i tr without any working. Mr. Knapp said the cieam was too co'd nnd stiff, and that if it hud been propciiy tempered the same re sult Mould have been reached iu three or four mihutci. The next evening he churned threo gallons of sweet milk obtained at the Railroad Milk Depot, which Mr Knapp tempered bt foro it uat brought to the Pavilion, and on this instance ho ui,.uU butter in seventeen minuter. Ceiuiulv with such results there is no ixeu.e fur poor butter. What a saving of labor to the farmer's wife I Instead of set ting the milk for two dajs, skimming and washing paus, keeping the cream two days longer to act un.ulute a claiming until it be comes old and rancid, actually spoiled before it is churned. Pure, sweet milk can lie chumed, and the whole operation gone through and butter put away in half an hour's time. Mr. Knip4i says he has tested tbis churn in his own dairy, and also seveial other dairymen have tested it, and he vouches for its merits in very strong terms. Every farmer should have one. Cranbery Culture. Mr. Burr, who has an advertisement in this issue, sends us a lot of cranberry vines with the berries upon them. Iu a letter to us he states that he will have ten barrels of berries from a space a hundred foet square. He says : I send you a sample of my craubi rnes on tho vines. If you will put the m in a shallow box filled with sandy soil and placed where tin y w ill get plenty of rain on them, they will grow finely. Water Ihem in drywtathcr; put the soil into the box, then put the vines on top of tl.e soil. After putting the tinea in the box, cover them with sandy soil and pour water on them until the sand work down amongst the roots, leaving the berries ex posed. Pick off the berries w hen yon think proper; let them stand out all winter; they will stand cold weather as well ai fruit trees. Fill the box to within two or three inches of the top with soil, then lay the the vines on, cover them w ith soil, pour on water, and the soil will work down amongst them. Must not use clav soil. Any kind cf swurnn lsnd will do for them where there is i u clay; beaver dsm land is the best. The water can be kept on the plants until the middle of May. Plant in rows two feet apart one way and six inches the other, atd they will cover the ground in three years. Plant any lime from now until the first of June. When any druggist or dealer tries to sell jou, or tells you tbst some other remedy is as good or better, when you ask for Ammen's Syrup, look him in the face, and you will see that Uod has stamped upon his countenance in uninitUkeaLle characters the word cupid ity, and by investigation you will find be is recommending some decoction of his own that a U him only a few cents to prepare, or some patent remedy upon which he makes a Urge profit. Ask for Ammen's Cough Syrup. Take no other. Buy a. 15 cent or 60 cent bot tle. Test it jourself. It stands upon its merit". orrcjJonilcuq. (ED1TOKIAL CORRESPONDENCE. ASTORIA, THE LOVER COLOMBIA. AND THE WEST COAST. Two yoais ago we wrote up the Coast re gion and L wer Columbia at some length, but two years, in a changing and growing region like ours, works nut problems of fate. Wu cau safely again review Astoria and the coun try tributary thereto, with confidence that it will develop interest. Last Sunday the steamer Columbia headed for the ocean, but near approach showed that breakers were foaming on the bar, so the good ship put about for Aftoria, an! while she wait' d for Monday morning's tide, we found some friends who gave facta relating to the region we have alluded to that aio worthy of being worked up in detail. Astoria itself has improved very remark ably. The place has a summir population of 7,000 inhabitants, 2,000 of whom were there for the fishei ies and canneries, but its reliable population is about 5,000, which makes it the second town iu the State. During the year past the inciease of houses in the town has been fifty per cent, on the former number, and the population has increased thirty pt r C nt. It is noticeaHo that tho now building show more taste and are more costly than the generality of those built previously; the busi ness streets are becoming solidly built up wMi structures of a better and more durable character. Some of these are costly buildings that will have pcrnnucnt value. The growth of the town is not equal to its needs because lumber cannot bo had, though the three mills in the p'ace turn off 70,000 feet of lumber per da', and those of Knapp ton, acrors the river, turn out as much more, There is a great demand for lumber, so great that some buildings contracted for cannot be put up this year, and many are delayed for the same reason. A contract by the city for a $15,000 ichool house has to be deferred until 18S5 on this accouni. This reminds me that Astoria has good schools, a number of neat church edifices, and ou sightly locations, over looking town, river and harbor, there are many beautiful residences growii g up. The business part is over the water, and ia rapidly becoming solid with buildings. Tho years has more than doubled the town. There are moie wharves and warehouses, and far more canneries than then. It is evident tnat the salmon tradj will center here, and will add to Astoria's importance. Its chief sources of profit lie in lumber and salmon; it also has work for many longshoremen and stove dores, and is the natural resort- of sea faring men. There is no comparison to be mado between Astoria and other Or. gon town', as It differs materially from all others, and always will. FivB new canneries will be put up this fall, to begin work next season. Five new onus were put up last year. Canneries from above gradually remove here. There were 10 can neries at work here in 1882, and there will be 21 iu 1883. Having icen it stated that the salmon fisheries are giving out, and that the catch of '82 falls shoit one hundred thousand casts that of '81, we expressed surprise to I)r, A. C. Kinney, our informant on these mat- ttri, that so many new corcernB should be venturing to try the canning of fish. I)r, Kinney is well informed concerning tliekc matters, and astonished us by asserting that there is scarcely any diminution iu the fish iupi'ly. Thero weie put up in 1881 about 540,000 rases of canned salmon iu the Coluui liia river. That was a large increase ou former year". Lie reprrt is-cnrreut that there is a great falling otf. Dr. Kinney has quietly in formed himaelf of tho facts, and says the catch will i ot fall short more than 10,000 cases, or lacks only two per cent, of equaling the catch and pauLing business of 1881. Not withstanding the heavy drain ou the fish sup ply, the salmon hold out as well as ever. The greater number of fishermen inako it less profitable to each one; they earn less money than ttbey did when the pi ice was only 25 cents esch; i ow it is 75 cents a fish. Here is a fact of no small importance stated in a nut shell. So long as salmon abound and the world's demand increases, canneries will in crease and multiply. In company with Dr, Kinney, we climbed a hill that overlooks a wide vi.w of river, bay and bar, with the growing city and its ship ping in the foreground, and took in it a glance the prosperity of Astoria and the possibilities of its future. Towards the ocean, and across Young's Bay, is Clatsop and its plains, a sandy region, with light alluvial intermixed, whoe dairies produce butter and cheese, aud good pastures turn off 1st stock. Towards the southwest, flowing into Young's Uiy, are half a dozen streams that have tide lands for G or 8 milts up, cr rich vino maple bottom', with benches of timber land back from the bottoms. This network of sluggish streams forms a splendid country for settlement, and the best locations are already taken. Several such streams head near Saddle Mountain, a notable feature on the landscape, and south ol it the North Nehalem river runs twards Tillamook to join the main Nehalem. Ou thn Nehalem and its tributaries are rich bottoms and bench lands yet unoccupied, capable of making homes for a thousand families. Its natural outlet is towards Astoria, but this re gion is too remote from transportation to be available. Still further south ia lillamonk Bay, that already furnishes cousidcrabln trade to Astoria. All this region his agricultural possibilities, that will iu time be realized to Astoria's advantage. The Nehalem country, within 20 miles of Astoria, has coal deposits that aro certain as to quantity, and has for ests of spruce, fir and hemlock, with occasion al bodies of good cedar, that o m be utilized whenever railroad is constructed, from Forest Grove, as is talked of. Tnis timber tlutt is not surpassed in quality is boyond calculation as to quantity. On the Oiegon side, above Astoria and not far oil', other streams come in from the South, that offer similar advantages. The north side of the Columbia has a number of streams that are navigable for scows 8 or 10 miles up. Some of these valleys already have 100 fam ilies settled, and bench lands yet unclaimed. Dr. Kinney enumerated Gray's river, Deep river, the Skamakwa, tho Chinook, and still another near thu lower cape. The land of all theso valleys is exceedingly fertile, but is more or less obstructed with forest growth. The vicinity to the groat river and the ocean must make all well worth clearing at no dis tant day. On 'the north coast Shoal water Bay and Gray's Harbor, with their numerous tri butaries, have tide-land bottoms that are only sparsely settled; they possess valuable forests and havo immense coal deposits. Though slow to develop and expensive to reclaim, this country along tho Columbia, and extend -ingfrom Tillamook Bay to the straits of Fuca, a distance of over 200 miles, ia naturally tri butary to Astoria, and possesses resources of greater intrinsic value than most minds can appreciate. When time shall accomplish even a beginning of their future, they will make Astoria great. Shoalwater Bay wai onco famous for Kb oyster beds, and men grew rich, shipping the little and delicate bivalves, native to its wa ters, to San Franciico. The oyster trade is agaiti reviving, and, in the future, must bo a source of great profit to those who conduct oyster plantiug properly. The streams that enter the ocean and bays have thtir own fish supply, and canneries will be planted on all of them. Salmon (inherits and deep-sea fisheries invito skilled men from "down East" to come here, and occupy a field that is equal in value and extent to the fisheries of the North At lantic. This region we describe as being tributary to Astoria has especial value for growth of hay, oats and vegetables, and many kinds of fruits. Dairying and stock raising will be the natural occupation of many. The fogs and damps of ocean will ward off severe winters and keep pastures green in summer. The destruction and working up of our forists goes on at a rate that is appalling. Few Port landers know that the supply of logs for their local saw mills comes iu great part from tim ber lauds beyond Astoria. Hafts are actually towed from Young's Bay to Wcidler's mill. The demand for lumber is constantly increas ing, and forest fires destroy millions in value yearly. The time is not distant when ships will load with lumber ou this north cot,snd discharge their cargoes at Atlantic or Euro pean porti. At the present time little is known of the coal deposits along the coast, but enough is uiidtrsto-id of the general prevalence of coal in all the region we have described to justify the assurance that it exists in unlimited sup ply, Thero is iron oro on the Columbia and the Sound, limestone also, and in this combi nation of undeveloped n sources we see the elements that have combined to make nations great, and to build up the wealth of I'ennsy. vauia. BOAKD OP TBADE OF POKTLAND OJUOONI Portland, Oregon, Oct. 2, 1882. Dish sir: The Board of Trails has had prepared a "Bill for an Act to regulate sal mon fisheries on the waters of tho Columbia nver and i's tributaries," in connection with which we beg leave to refer you to the follow lug extract Irorn the annual address of the Prtsidcnt of the Board, "In view of the alarming decrease of the run of salmon iu the Columbia river, I deem it of imperative neccuity that immediate ao tion should be taken, either by the general government or .the S'ate i 1 Oregon, looking to NO. 35. the rrtificial piopagation of this valuable food fish. The salmon in the river were notice ably less in number thisyier than last, and whilst" the example of the Sacramento river shows that artificial propagation may be con fidently relied ou to keep up and even increase the supply, it ft'so shows t!n.t it takes some yeais for the young fih to attain maturity and enablo us to reap the benefits of artificial propagation. During lastwiut r tho Oregon and Washington Fish 1'rnpaga'iiij Company tendered thtir hstchery on thu Clackamas river to the United States, provided the gov ernment would carry it on. Their own funds were exhausted, hence the ' ff r. If tho gov ernment w ould not tlo the ork, I believe the Legislature of thu State should take it up. The importance of the salmon industry to the Staio ot Oregon mny be seen from the follow ing figures: The catch f 1881 amounted te 550,000 cases, worth in first hands, $2,750,000. There is invented in canneries und their appli ances upon the Columbia, JJ 000,000 in cap ital. The fishing season lattn four months, during which there aro employed about 7,500 unn, whoso w.igca for the Htason aggregate $1,330,003. Tho general government rccoivtB iu duties ou tin plate, load, etc , used in packing thu fish, aboil J 10,000 an nually. "The importance of preserving such an in dustry is paramount, and 1 earnestly hope th.it our public men may appreciate the grav ity of the situation, and makt proper provis ion for the protection and propagation of the salmon. A well-drawn and pmctioal law to prevent tho iiidU.'rimiiiate daughter of salmon by fish wheels nnd other murderous device:-, is urgently needed. The length of tho fishing season should also be regulated by law, the times of the year when fi'hing W prohibited, and the duration of the weekly close times, should be so clearly and unequivocally ex pressed as to afford no room for misunder standing, and render the lab r ot tho State's Attorney iu securing the conviction of viola tors of the law less millions than at present. Tho Legislature of Washington Territory should also pass laws exactly to miliar to those of Oregon, thus preventing the law breakers of one community seeking sifcty by Uipht into the jurisdiction of another " Tho bill which we now piescrt, nnd for which we ask yiur good nlliccs, has been framed by aible counsel, idler consultation with some of tho priucir.nl salmon packers up .ii the river. Its first section provide, that it shall be unlaw ful to fish below or westward of a line drawn from tho flagstaff at Fort Stevens to the top of Scarborough hill. This section is of the greatest importance, aud is inserted for tho protection of the ship-el. iinncl across the Columbia bar. The sand of which the Colum bia bar is compoeed is exuedinjly light, and the dragging of nets across its surface has so filled up tho channel that there is now less draft of water therein than at any time for the past ninety yearn. Upon enquiry of the United States Engi neer, Capt. Chas. F. Powtll, inthaigoof the improvement of tho Columbia river, he in formed us that fishing on the liar below Sand lalantl was fiist practiced extensively In 1870. Its effect at once became appinut In 1 87 tlu depth of water iu tl.e prjucipal channel was 23 feet; iu 1880 it hud iltcrtoscd to 21 feet; in 1881 to 20 feet, and nt present it is only 10 feet. Dunng thu scaou of 1832 there weio fiom 500 to 700 1-oa.s iiahing upon tho bar, and fears are entertained that the charuel nny b entirely closed if a stop is not put to this practice, Tho Unitul Stttea C.ovni.mcnt has ap pointed a Board of Kugineert which has lately examined the Columbia bar, with a view to its permanent improvement; lot it is useless to expect the government to expend large sums in providing a good and mllicicnt chan nel, unless we, on our part, p&es proper laws for its protection, and thus snow n apprecia tion of the benefit bestow til. The other sections of the bill are dear, practical and concise, and will commend themsslvea to all w ho desire the good of the State and the protection of this great indui try. Iu lonclution, we ir.ru .'y Mid most re spectfully ask your aid in stiunng the passage of the bill, which we deem of the greatest im portance to the welfare of the State. Yours, very siucerely, F, K. Aknolu, Don (t i ii Maclkat, Secretary, President. If you are a woman and want both health and beauty, remember that all superficial efforts to increase your inocal charms are vain. Freshness and Wutv accompany health and to secure this Mis. Ljdia K. Piukhain's remedies for all femalu wtakoeta offer the surest means of renovation. The higheat ii telliueuce loses its lustre when It irVAst find eiprersion through a Lilicr.ii complexicr, (lojd fur either sex.
