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WILLAMETTE FAltMER: POJKTiLAiND, OREGON, SEPTEMBER 8, 1882.
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ipsueu every Week by the
WTtu.xnr.TTi; rtiiiu:u i-iiimhiiik: to
Y TKRJIrf OK SUHMJIIIlTIO.-e.
flnii .utr. H'emtAirv hnl.ll Iti itiliniu
Six iimiths, (rewt 120 Trilil), in entvan'C ..
Less ilian six month w til lie. per month . . . .
ADVl'I'SIMM? HATKS!
AteertUcmc nts will lo lnirUI, proeMlnetn
rwp -ct-itiie, at the rouow mir unit- 01 rates :
One ncli nf ip,ce tier month
Thr 11 Inches of srace per month
On half column per month
On 'Olumnper month
IQeainrvn eoiI'-i writ fri-o on Application
,riitlli-etfn Ollite, No. 5 Wiunln'ton Street
weir, rr-oni No. 5 nrifl W
SMgpsMauw '' --l'-laEr:rega3a,wsMT1',wt
n iti.i-iii'.it'.H .omii mi:iu;m'.
I 2.60
1.26
. .25
$ 2.M)
6.0)
16.00
JoOO
L'P
The following nre authorl? J to receipt for suhtcrlji
lion, to llils lup r -Veliiri wehavi.no reuits re
mittances JIl'hT lionmli 0 xpitiria pihl), to us Ijr
llcjil tcrul Ij-iti r, or Jlonij Orders, or lliprc".
Al.l. I'AI'KIIS 1HMOVIIM I.I) AT Till; KXI'iltA
HON IlK Till. TDli: I'AIK I Oli.
Amity II I, !?lmii-onl.ehinoii . . (I W Smith
Aurora dm Miller I ciWlli-.ll'.:.MeTlnilnon'ls
l!rown-.illo.. .. W II Kirk Looking Gl lis Jl Cochran
Ililttiivllle . loliullililii-llcr'l.lneoln I. Alirauit
Iliiltu (,'rctk . I: skervln MeMlinivillc .J lil'hllhp
Hrnoks . W II Ilarrl- 'I tny . 8 lioliuliis
Ucllcvno . .Ii II 1 1 it I
CruwforihvlMe Hcht (II i
Oott-vifir..! llhliorfriil.fi
(Jurvellli .. Slcjcr Herri
Ulivnni'i . . A Ittti
Demiseus. . V. I'orlwH1
Divton. .1. UlUlwnv I'llnt llnek
Unini . ..Hon .1 0 lr iln
Iiilbn.. . . J I) Smith
Diifur ' Kulnr .lr
Koli Tlioinn IVare-
ElkOvi All HllriM
Riufene lion .1 II Me-rtuiu-
Ellcil-uilra-.. Hon .M 1III
Feirrit drove. . .H lliuliei -t.iUon
Fox Vnllsy...A l Oinliicr HuMIinlty
tlo-ilicfl . ..1 lliniNlker Seiri. .
flutoii All lbmnoiil Muilil
GcrviU l Mitchell Tun-cnt
Dolili-iunio.il rSiUcirve;,,
IIierrWtMirir...llon II Smith
riilKov...l!hck. I'oirl A I'o
Irvln A 0 Jennlnrs
Irnluneriitimre.W I llolIn Veton
Jnckunvlllo.. Mix Mnllcr Wnltuhiir
Mt I'l. want I- HI hirer
lleri II II Ituthnlorcl
Mohawk ..I S Lliun-hlll
Monmouth.. V Wat.rhone
NoYiouhlll fiWSappinton
l-nwell Valley TKWilllinu
.t. contain
Pendleton Lot I.Ie-riuore
I'errjihle I W Jleflrcw
I lia-irillllll (r.MKrrjHikor
illei r-I'lc C I lihowlcs
Ito-chuni .8 K Itaiinontl
cwett Home 7. It Mo-.s
hih'in .H V ChurLli
Junction.
Jdlcriou..
.Y 11 llihcr Willi Willii
.J W lto'alul Kliu.
A I' (l-mlntr
Jno Dounlnc;
J S Morrhi
,S SI l'owc rs
.John l.upcr
liirntr .. 1 h .Mattc-cm
Mlhur Hon Tlicx Smith
Ulllinictto I' Jl Wllklni
Welles ...A AUlliini"on
. S Wood
W N Kml'h
J.licohs
h HUlmhlo
WlTHis mi tlur i'cl; the- Stato Legislature
will In- in pui-inn. It 11 itlwnys tlm caio tli.it
uo limine us is tnuiHa"t(l until after the-
cleclinn of U. S. S. imtor, and this year Hint
Hill occur. It i a i-ry inipoitant duty, mid
otilN for elcliln-rato action. Tliero aio capalilu
uien to lo had, mill lionorablo and talented
men to choose from. The choice- Hlioiild he
made with lefereneo to the popular nee.il( and
tfie popular Ht'iitiincnt, In tli'-nu ilnys of Civil
Scivico Itefi'ini o may reasonalily demand
tlio election of 11 mill who will nmist in hicur
inc the) reform the people elf mand; certainly
not a mm whoso iiiauaeinent of machine
pnlttic-t puts reform lit ili-limcr, Aiiil ulinsn
rnanipti'atmii of federal ollicoi is only cilcu
lated to sticnthen hiuiHcIf in power. If theie
is a mm whose pint political history N identi
ficd with coiropt coiporate inlluences; who
assisti-d lien ilnlhilay in his nitarioiis (In-ij-iHj
who i' k nii'i'ens hy tiny method, mid
or-ftinlrcM political campaigns to win, at all
hnirils, then, for henveii's sito and the
people's, let him alune. I.ct us have a man
true to liiintclf and to his .State; who is not
plotting towin, and has not H'uked everything
on the venture. Wo want no political adven
turers, hut we neel a nun vthoso public and
private character Rives nssuraiico that the
jji cat came of puhlio moials, as well as truo
atatosmtnship, will not detnioiato in his
kei pint;. The Seiiatnmhip should ho nvtateled
hy the people' ropresut itives to t'io qreatest
and ahlest man, not jjivrn to any meiu
politician
Tiir MASAdHH of the Mi chillies' Fair give
color to the hi lief that 1'ortl.ind is jealous of
the Stale Fair ly holding tin) Mechanics
l-'nir tho sainu ni-ik that the State Fair is
held, Theie are wi-elis month in the year,
0111 until.) thiiile, and thcro rhoulel lie no
cause for ciiticimi, Tins city cannot allord
In pi ii id any ohxtnclc in the uay of the State
Agiictiltural Society. Inn the State Fair
tiuio was iiuiinuueid it hImiuI I not have hceii
interfered with by any nttuiction nrigii.ntin
htro. The eountiy is ijrently interesti-d in the
State Fair, atiiL.mui'h dcptiiibi on its success
It is 11 ertinal tune with the society, and one
ttood fair will plica it null on its feet. It is
not to he supposed that tho country people
will attend to i;iiatfaits to lie held near the
sain 1 time, If our nailers attend either one,
we hope it Mill he the State Fair, vthi'di pos
sesses Altogether the gieatest interest mid im
poit nice. The Mechanics' Fair is chiefly eon
dilute l tn uritif) thepiidonf this city. The
display is too much made up of the how vises
of store! 011 First street, and too little of the
until it pioduutiflii and mechanic it I ihor of tho
country. There is a gl no of light, 11 hand of
uiuslo and a ciovwl of pi ople, withopportutiity
to ip nd a ileal of small oil luge. Wo consider
the St ite Fair iniion to lm preferred, ln.'cane
the einip grouti I ii extrusive, pisneuger rates
are low; ymt will see uioio leal life, and 11
joy uioio the meeting of fiiends and .c
qutiiitancoi than J oil pn.-siuly can hy coin
Hi,' hum. So, if )ou iliO'pj lietiueu the
two, lut it ho tho State Fair. Tho
Mate .griculturi! Society hulls the v.il
nahle piojeity near Si!. in for thu pisipln
of Oregon, nud uorks lor the piihlie pimd,
while the MeclmucV Fair A'sooi itUm owns
the tiuildin it uses.aml enp ots to make goo I
dividends from its receipts While not dis
paraging the object of the Meohiutos' Fair, if
properly currio 1 out, we vumi ler Its present
uiaiugeiiunt puiuluish in spiiit and mllloli
hi action. The fariueisi't Oncou are expected
to uiine here 111 droves to help outerpimng
pemiUtois In till idenily, Init uuleia wegret'.ly
Diistiuderstaud tlnun they will prefer to earn
dividends for tlieuiivlu-t hy liclpmtho State
Agricultural Su.'ifty.
Tint U'i'hmtltt Fttrmtr tliiius the pitrou
age of the agrioiiltuiiil cl-ies of Urtgou
Item ever, it h eviJ.nt'y 11 t iliscaiernl
that the Snulheiii u.uiutic belong to the
Ulute, 11s it very raiely has anything to
wy nhout them. Like a i.r at iinnv living
not tli of the CiUpooK, it imagine! tint th
"gn-ai WillwiH-Mii" cms ituUa the v. hole of
On gun, - Dfinoernlie Vmm
'J'Iioss v. ho nud the I'aumicu know tint it
rvooguiiaw all other pails of On'gou ai.d alto
Washingtuii Teiiitory, k untitlnl toooimidvr
ttiou, h Hie liniu ago wo gain a tketcli of
the Southern counties anil their prospects in
view of the cxttnion ot the 0. ct C. H. It
that was so acceptable that two of tho joumsls
in Jackson county republished it. We assert,
often, that tho Roguo Hiver Valley will ho
tho most attractive part of Oregon when it
possesses tranportation facilities, and we
placfl itj altie for fruit gronjng above any
other portion of tho l'acifio Northwest. W
halo stated that among tho rough hills there a
man could plant out a few acres of pcichcsand
grapes nnd soon nuke morn profit than some
who carry on large firms. Also, we have re
peatedly said that I'ijjuo lliver Valley can
raise everything the Willam'tte Val'ey can,
and possesses the best cliinito on tho Coast.
All this we have slid within a few months and
have nil tho time watched carefully the col
umns of the Democrat!? Tim's for articles de
scriptive of that legion, so as to copy it for
the weekly and for tho monthly tli it has tin
thousand circulation at the Hast.
We are 101111; to astonish our friends of the
Tim't by asserting that in four months wo
havo not found as much description of Jack
son county, ami p-oof of its agricultural value
as wo havo published in the Fakmek. If
friend Nickell will tivo us a e-ood article tie
sciiptivoof that region wo shall use it We are
hoping and intending to make a journey to
Southcrrn Oregon toon for tho express purpose
of writing it up.
Wo fttc glad to use descriptive articles and
everything relating to agricultural prosperity
and general progress and development wher
ever wo find them
head, should examine tho subject in all its
bearings, with a view to recommending suit
able legislation for protection of our orchard,
and leport at an adjourned meeting to be held
in two weeks. This committee consists of
I'resi lent Henry Miller, and Messrs. J. II.
L -Hubert aud Dunne.
Tho importance of this subject is only light
ly understood. The damage that the cadiin
moth alone, can do in destruction of fruit in
this Stite, at tho present time, is not easily
calculated. The value of the apple and pear
crop is already great, though it is not careful
ly utilized. Many are now planting orchaids
with a view to Miipincnt of green frliit to tho
Kat, hy the Northern Pacific Railroad. The
value of fruits for drying and canning is also
very great, and what destroys the growing
fruit lessens the r. sources of the farming
class.
All fiuit growers who can do so nre in ited
to attend th next meeting of tho State Hor
ticultural Socity in the county courtroom, in
tho Court House, Portland, Satuiday, Sep
tember 10, 1SS '.
TAXATION AND INTEREST.
STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
A called meeting of this society was held at
the Court House, in this city, last Saturday,
to tako into consideration the importance of
preventing, if possible, the introduction and
spicad of noxious insects and orchard pests in
Oregon. We aie constantly leeeiviug from
California green fruit that is infested with the
cod liu moth, and other in-ccts injurious to
fruit; and, unfortunately, that State suffers
much from tho ravages of this and other or
chard peste. That we shall have tlie-n pests
among us, and have to fight agiinst them, is
beyond doubt. Unless wo cm prevent their
spread here wo shall sudor greit loss The
codlin moth lays its cigs on apples or prat",
and the worm that li itches in .1 tew days'
holes into the fruit, surrounds itself with a
black cyst or covering, and tho fruit is spoiled
The moth lays its eggs in California on the
bark. It is assert d that 111 the Ksstcrn States
it lays eggs in the earth. When the woim
hatches it hides under the bark, m- in rough
crevices of it, and when it becomes a moth it
flios over the tree, lajing cirgs 011 all the ap
ples or pears. That is one of the phages of in-
met pests that wo shall soon havo to en
counter. California has nl-o scale bugs, of dif
ferent torts, that do dannge, and in-ects that
injure other fruit than apples aud pears.
Ilo'ilizing tho groit nnnortnm-o of this matter,
tho prc'idont of the State Horticultural So
ciety, Mr. Henry Miller, la'ely call d fruit
men together. A few persons of tho many in.
terested respoinlcil to tho cal1, including
Messrs J. II. 1inihcrt, of Milwaukee; II. W.
Prcttyinan, of Kast Portland; Mr. Piere-y, of
Piercy's Island; K. Casey, of Polk county; Dr.
Watkins, S. A. Clarlto and Mr. Dunne, (of
Kelly, Dunne & Co ,) of Portlunl, and smo
others. Tho object of the meeting was an
nounced by Piesident Miller; nnd .Mr. Dutino,
wh is lately from California, and wcH posted
concerning tho fruit interests of that State,
oxphiuod tho habits ami depredations of the
codlin moth and tho moans taken there to de
stroy them.
It is euatoiinr) to wrap tho trees with
brown paper bandages, after scraping tho lurk
smooth and burning nit thu scrapings. Tho
worms climb the body of tho tree and liaibor
in the layers of piper, and overy day or so the
biudagcs nre tnken otr and burned, and the
insects collected there destroyed. This pro
cess, carefully repeated, succieds in keeping
the codlin moth under. Siuiil ir methods nre
pursued to prevent tho incro 190 ol other in
sects dangerous to fruit ititeiests, Tho fruit
interests of that State aie so extrusive, and
inciease so greatly that it is nhs dtitcly neeos
siry to protect them by legislation. A law
exists ami is enforced there, ns Mr, Dunne ex-plaim-d,
providing for a fruit insp-ctor in
overy county with district suboidinates.
Thee watch all orchards, anil where 0110 is
found infested thu owner is ordered to clean it
by improved methods,. If ho neglects his duty
the i'l!lcis hive thu woik done, and its e
pi mo is 11 charge against the property. In
this iinnner thorough work is done.wheie the
law is enforced, and the fruitgrower has some
assurance of success, which he would not have,
if the Uw did not ccnup 1 all orchardists to do
thorough work. As it is, we see continual
lefcieueos in tho firming juiriuls of that
Stite to tho damage done by insects. It
eciua tint the practice hu pic vailed of ro
turning flint boo. to tho grower, which i in
jmious, because tho codhu in th is thus sent
all over the State. It is cl limed that tho re
turning of fruit boxers is the worst cause of the
spirit! of the moths,
Mi Dunne claimed to have invented a mix
ture, n wauli or aite, to use in washing trees
after they luve bren craped, which proviuts
moth coiu'caled in the bark from coming out
at nil. This, he bays, is a gieat assistance m
keeping them down. He kindly agreed to
procure for lliu tun of the Society inch facta,
concerning insects in California, aud tin law
u( tint Statu ami its practical workuu, us
would be ol use in haudliug the subject
Mr. J. II. l-smbert and lie had found two
peviiiH-iia of the oodliu moth latelj in his own
oiclianl at Milwaukee, that a p-m.m well in
foriiied pronounced the veritable iimct, Mr.
Dunne explained that a Sacramento gentle
nun sent a carload of clioiox fruit to Chicago,
without kuow ledge that there were any in
imU in it, aril 011 nirival it was tluouv creel to
bo two-thirds spoiled.
Several other gentlemen t.-ok paitinthe
disunion, ami many interesting and laluable
facts umii tlicited. It was reeoh ed that a
committee of three, with tho chaiiman at it
O00D TARMINO PAY3.
This is an old text of ours and we exp- ct to
make nso of it frequently in the future. God
farming means putting in wheat 111 season, 1 11
well summer-fallowed land. The present sea
fon wo have had severe drouth and exp cted
very poor crops all through the Pacific N. rth
west, but have realiz"d the best returns from
winter wheat in many pirtsof the Willamette
Valley, over known. All wheat tho was wo 1
put in on summer fallow, has made a go el
yield, through all tectior.s of Oregon and
Washington, both Kast and West of the Cas
cades. Tho j iehl everywhere exceeds expec
tation. A mouth since it was not deemed
possible that wo should have good crops, but
tlm outcome is more than satisfactory in many
counties, and fairly so in nnny ptrts of this
veil ley.
On well made summer-fallow wo also noti-e
tint the ground was this ttaou cleir of wild
oats nnd weods, and wheat is remarkably
plumb and well ripened. It is gratifying to
nbseri 0 th it some Oregon farmers are up to
the re-ijuircincn s of the times anej doing thor
ough work Tho better farming they do the
better leturns they will receive. Wo have
lately been reviewing the ejuestion of pasture
glasses, aud we believe il to be thoroughly
capable of pioof that pastures can bo easily
made. Waste lands, thit now produce noth
ing w-oi th naming, can be made to yield hand-
Homo profit. If unproved pastures are stocked
with sheep, cattln or hore, and handle el ju.
diciously, it will positively double tho annual
profit and tho prospi ttivo weilth of our farm
crs. For doubling the profit doubles the
wealth by doubling the capacity to purchase
and impiove.
Wo look forwanl to see this valley elenely
populated, thoroughly farmed, and made a
very ganlen of exuberant production. Laud
will become so valuable hero tint poor farmers
cann it aflbrd to pay mtere t and taxes on it
The change, that is taking placj is gradtul but
certain. Any 0110 who travels on tho valley
railroads and compares the passenger traffic of
to-day with that of past years, and oven with
n year ago, can prceivo a wonderful increase.
Moro pisscuger coaches are necessary, and
moio peoplo travel. A very considerable por
tion of tho immigration that coni'S to Port
land works its way into the Willamette Val
ley, lands are being subdivided, farms aro de
creasing in sizo and being better worked.
Ther-i never has been a year known in th 1 his
tory of tl is while Columbian region, w hero
g iod farming would not havo insurcel good
crops. Drop cultivation and thorough pul
verizing of tho soil is ncedeil to enable the
air to penetrate and carry moisture with it.
Now tint our farmers are becoming moio
adept in their trade and learning that thor
ough work can make up for tho' wear of the
soil, they aro sure to succeed. We feel more
than ever encouraged to keep this text promi
nent: "that g'Otl farming pay's." When the
whedu farming community can bo made to un
derstand tho valuo of gras9, their prosperity
will bo assurad. The fact that tne ealo of
grass sceel is nnnuilly increasing shows tint
many are determined to ha e goo 1 pastures.
Mixed fae-uiing must be made n success in
some degree. With th present price of
meats of all kinds every farmer can inako beef,
mutton and pork, and so vary his methods.
There is overy inducement for good farmers to
writo up their views atid methods, and wo
hoiie that many will do so now that harvest
is over.
Progress of the Northern Pacific.
Anticipitiug tho cold weather which comos
early in tho mountain country through which
the Northern Pacitio passes on its journey
Kast, the company is pushing work with the
iit-no-t repidiiy. For ten linlej west of
Missoula City the grade is entirely complettil,
.iinl a del.iv H now occasioned by the liouhle
with the Flathead Indians, who eleel ire tint
unless a stipulaecd sum is paid the work cm
not go 00. The matter now is pending before
the S. creUry ot the Interior. Forty-five
miles of the road Itins through this reserva
tion (1 rading is going oil AO miles west of the
reservation. Track-laying is within eighty
miles of the west line of the iv&eivt
tion. There is a lsrue force at work between
the tunnels and the Little ltlackfoot, and it is
thoti.-h tint by the first of December tbe
grading w ill lie entirely done between Miillan,
tunnel and the end of t e track iwing Kist.
It is confidently stated that by the 10th of
December the locomotive wilt bo 111 MiouIa
Citv, and that by the first of next Msic'i it
will be all rail to Walla Walla and Mrlbn
tunnel, l'arly in the epiing we lull bo in
n-al oonncvtiou with Helena and tho Katt by
tho Utah Northern, ll'iini H'eifei AiIommci-i,
Democratic Timet 1 Fat hogs are worth
nine eouu a ouud at the some of the railroad
extension. Chickens are selling for $t! to $7
a dozen; iggsat M) cents a dozen; butter at
00 rents a pound j potatoes at four ctnts a
pound; and everything else in like pn por
tion. Quite a number from this and Jon-phine
cotuitiia are engaged in funiUhli g tho various
camps with pnnluw, though a few leave corn
tlicts wttu omeof them and are lu-t so liable
to lose money as others, l.'v erj body it n Iliug
at leinuuerativu prices, so far.
With the meeting of another bi-enniallegis-lature
wo are brought to face important ques
tions of State policy. How to raise the State
rcvenuo equslly and fairly is a very important
question. Two years ago we Bhowed that
much of the banking or loanable capital of the
State goes untaxed. The banks and loan as
sociations 01 Portland evade taxation 011 seven
eighths of their money at interest. Tho farm
er is taxed on his lands and personal estate,
hut tho banker sets the assessor at defiance.
Last ear a leading banker of this State re
fu-cil to swear to his returns, and assured the
assessor that Itii word was go el. The assessor
was manly enough to assert his right, but the
mitterwas decideil by a bo trd consisting of
the County Judge, Clerk and A'sesoi. Tho
two first cringed to the capitalist. It is no
ticeable that while the As-cssorof that county
is promoted by tho people to tho office of
Sherifi, tho Clerk and Judge wero both
passed over by tho nominating convention.
It is a satisfaction to rccognuo that the peo
ple can thus assert theni'clvos.
We showed, twi years ago, that ten mil
lions of capital in Porthnd ovaries taxat on
The law koos unfulfilled. The law of Wash
ington Territory innke-s.the mortgage pay the
tax when the mortgagor offiets his indebted
ness. The Oregon law is deficient. This is tho
way it works: Tho owner of the mortgaged
land sweirs off his indebtedness; the murtjaco
ilue in Portland is taxed there, if anywhere,
and more frequently is not taxed at all. The
lender here cva.les the law on the pret-ne
tint tho mortgage Ins been transferred to
some other party; tho original holder says lie
cinnot tell who is the present owner, so the
tax is not colleetcel.
The past year tho authorities of one county
enforced collection of tho tax from tho land,
when tho owner of the mortgage could not be
found, and tho courts upheld that way of
doing. Probably other counties mny do tho
samo hereafter, but when they do not a cer
tain amount of real estate goes untaxed, and
the rest of the property in the county is over
taxed to make it tip.
Several things arj certainly fur and should
be enforced by law. For one thing, all prop
erty should pvyatax in tho coun'y whre
located. Vor another thcro should bo no
double taxation. Again, s mie method should
bo adopted to secure equal taxation and per
mit no evasion; mortgages should bo tsxed
when tho property is exempted on that no
count, and the land owner jiavs a remedy hy
deducting taxes paid from interest duo.
Tho amount of el"bt sworn off is about eight
millions morn than the property returns un
eler the head of "money, note) and accounts."
Here is n stupendous frauel on the State, and
tho Stato in its individual capacity ought to
pres-erve itself from this great I03S. How can
it be done?
Hum in selfishness is greediest when it can
evade taxation. Many a man who is consid
ered honest in business is dishonest when it
comes to paying taxes, The tendency is vici
ous to the extreme. Tho money lender says
to the borrower: I shall havo to pay
two to three, per cent, taxes on this loan,
so I must have at least ten por ;cnt.
He gets a high rate of interest on that
pretense, then evides the law and makes his
2 per cent, clear. It is clear, transparent
friend. Tho law, ns it stands, is ineffectual,
because it is not enfored. Assessors and
othor county officers worship tho golden calf
and let the man of millions go untaxed, while
they take tho farmer for all he has got.
It will always be inffeoinal to try to make
money pay taxes. Tho creditor will declare
his loans uncollectible; he will cover them up,
hide them some way, anel manage to keep
from piyint taxes by "hook or by crook."
It his been became we havo recognized tho
impossibility of making money, loans and
debts pay taxes, that wo have presented tho
other view of the easo, and suggested the pro
priety of repealing the law nllowiug indebted
ness to be offset against assessment of prop
erty for taxation.
Let us suppose that property of all kinds is
assessed where it is found, for its full value,
and that no offset for debt is allowed. One
result will be tint every district, municipality
and county will have full revenue from the
property in its limits. Another effect will be
that as property cmnot bo tixed twice, mort
gage s w ill not be taxed. The land will pay
tho whole tax.
Tho borrower says this is unfair, but
foreign cipitalists will soon appreciate tho
fact that nnrtgiges go untaxed 111 Oregon,
aud interest will ho reduced to at least 8 per
cent. It is now, on an average, 7 per cent, in
California w here they have no usury law on
real estate lonns- row, ininil, capital here,
that has evaded taxation by disreputable
methods does not ask for this law, nor does it
want it to piss It sees tint the passage of
an Act that would result in leaving mortgiges
untaxed will induce mony to come here from
abroad, that will bo glad to get 8 per cent,
for loans. Tho result will bo lower interest,
and that very speedily, even if no change is
made in the interest law, because it will bring
hither money from abroad aud create compe
tition in money lending.
The city of Portland put out a six per cent,
loan that was taken at a trifle above par by
the baukeri and some privato persons, be
cause) tliero was no taxation on the bonds.
The reasonable infrience is that judicious leg
islation will make it an advantage to losn
money on mortgage, and before long interest
w ill be seven per rent., as it already is in Call
fornia. If we follow- the example of that State
in abolnhing exemption of indebteddess, we
uny xpect to realm the samo result here.
We elo not cv en argue in favor of this ineas
ure of relief. We have no preference, except
to place property en a coiunou level, to assist
the State to collect its revenue, aud prevent
the demoralisation, fraud and corruption
caused by attempts of mouey lenders to evade
taxation.
We quote the finaucul condition of Califor
nia as proof, because that State has no usury
law. Money there is worth all it can bring.
Banks take what they can get, and money
lenders hare no restraint. Loans ere made all
the way from fivo to ton pr cent., and real
estate mortgages often draw less than seven
per cent, interest. Seven per cent, is a fair
average for large loans on good real estate.
The 8 cine result may be expected here as soon
as wo remove the cxemption-for-debt clause
from the law.
Yakama City.
A correspondent, describing the county
seat of one of tho largctt and best settled
counties o the Territory, saya :
Yakima. City is a small town of about 600
inhabitants, situated at the junction of the
Attinum and Yakima rivers. It is the county
seat of Yakima county, and, by its geographi
cal position, lit is destined some day to bo a
THE STATE FAIR.
There ii a general feeling in the popular
mind that the State Fair, which is to be held
from the 18th to the 23J of September, wil
prove a great success. Several years have
elapsed sinco the State Fair was held in the
fall. Many who wero accustomed to its re
lief from the labors of harvest are anxious to
see it recur at the old perio 1. Harvest is welll
over, and ns a usual tiling the farmers of this
valley have reason to feel satisfied with the
lesult. They can get all their matters in
shape so as to be able to attend the Fair, and
that they will do in mass there is every rea
son to believe. That they will take moro than
ordinary pains to exhibit something worthy
of their own efforts and of the country they
represent wo sincerely hope Tho exhibit of
grains should be equal to any ever made in the
world's history. Fruits and vegetables will
bi in their prime by that date. Dairy pro
ducts and articles manufactured from farm
products can be added to make tho display
provo a complete exhibit of the agriculture of
the Columbian region.
The stock int-rests can be made very inter
esting if the stock men of the State can boiu
duced to bring out their good animals. Our
Stato has within its holders a great deal of
stock that is well worth exhibiting. Herds
of cattle and flocks of sheep are to bo found
here that would he a credit to any State or
people. Let us have all the domestic animals,
including swine and poultry, in full force, and
of nil classes. Stock add a great deal, in fact
make such an accession as this either success
ful ir tho contrary. When we have so many
breeds of good cattlo to exhibit it will be a
shame if they are not at the Stato Fair.
Hut we, as a people, are especially proud of
our horses, for we can exhibit, from the breed,
ing farms of Oregon hoi semen, excellent stock
ranging in size from the Shetland pony to
Clydesdales or Perohroons. The well-bred
trotter one! tho thorough-bred racer como it.
between We havo them all. No eloubt the
display of horses will be as gocd as ever was
mado in our State. The races, or speed trials,
will be as enticing as ever, and pethaps more
so, but this year they will bo managed by a
committee of well-known horsemen, and the
Society will not be mixed up with the race
track in any manner an arrangement that
will give satisfaction to a great many of its
friends.
Take tho products of the State, as they will
be represented, with the live-stock interests,
and the miscellaneous and mechanical display
that is certain to bo made, and the Stato Fair
of 18S2 will surely prove a great attraction.
ith an attendance of twenty thonssnd per
sons, which it ought also to have, it must
prove tho most successful of all Oregon State
Fairs.
Pre-emption.
Another question troubles a correspondent,
says the Walla Walla Statetwan, regarding
the right of a person to make a second pre
emption filiug upon tho same tract. In this
Secretary Kirkwood has given this answer :
"We do not undorstsnd this section (2,261)
as prohibiting the tiling of a second declara
tory statem nt for the same and when, by
reason or defects, or any other reason, the
tiist declaratory state nent has become un
availing, and thi-re has intervened no right
of any third party. Tho second section con
tains two prohibitions The first is that 'no
person shall be entitled to more than one
pre-emption right of virtue of the provisions
ot Sec. 2,250.' It is contended on behalf of
tho respondent that by this is meant that
where a person has onoe tiled a declaratory
statement for one tract of laud, ho shall
never afterwards file another statement for
the same or any other tract. If this bj the
meaning of tho first prohibition contained In
the section, it was plain there was no occa
sio.i for the second found in it; for the first,
under thia construction would effectually
accomplish the um end. But Congress
could not have meant this when it said
that 'No person shall ba entitled t J more than
one pre-emption right, by virtue of the pro
visions of section 2,259;' for in the same sec
tion it proceeded to niiko provision for such
a case in the words : Nor where a party has
filed his declaration of intention to claim the
beuetit of such provisions for one tract ot
laud, shall he ble at any future time a
ee -nil declaration for any tract.'
"In our opinion the meaning of the section
is very plain. By its first clause, Congreis
intended to declare, aud did in effect de
clare, thit 110 p:rscin shall be entitled to
enter with the register, and thus acquire
from tho government, under the pre-emp
tion laws, raorj than one tract of land. Thu
is w iat wo understand is meant by the declar
ation that no person shall bo entitled to more
than one pre-omptiou riht by virtue of the
provisions of section 2,259."
town of considerable importance. Beinusii.
j uated at tho pap of a high range of moun
tains, all travel from the outside world must
bo through its streets. Unlike most other
towns of tho Inland Empire, it did not spring
up like a mushrcom, but its grow th has been
steady, substantial nud permanent, being the
natural sequence of rich agricultural sur
roundings. It is tho distributing point of sup
plier! for Attinum, Moxsee, Natche-s, Wenass
Cowccheo, Selah and Mmcoe valleys, tmbrao
tig tin area of about 1,7C0 iqunrc miles, about
ono-tourth of which is settled; and in addi
tion to theso is tho Lower Yakima valley,
commencing four miles below the city nnd ex
tending down tho Ynkima river about fifty
miles, and varying in breadth from three to
twenty miles, containing, perhaps, about the
same amount of good fanning lands as all the
other valleys combined. This section of coun
try is but sparsely settled, but within a few
years these lands will bo under cultivation.
A daily stage line runs between here and The
Dalles, a distance of 100 miles The business
houses contist of four general merchandise
and two grocery stores, thrte saloons, four
livery stables, ono grist mill, one planing
mill, two hotels, one furniture store, two
printing offices, two blacksmith shops, one
Wiegonshop, two millinery stores; but there is
not a shoemaker within a huudred miles of
this place. We havo fine school houses which
cost $3,000, and the Christian denomination
have a very hand&orre church completely and
neatly furnished. Our now Court House will
be an ornament to the town, and in all Yak
ima City is perhaps the most prosperous
town of its size in Washington Territory.
Walla Walla Union.
Weather Report for August, 1882.
During August, 1882, there were 2
days
during which rain fell, and an aggregate of
0.03 inches of water; 28 clear days and 3
cloudy days.
Tho mean temperature for the month was
63.21 deg.
Highest daily mean temperatnre for the
month, 71 deg. on the 30th.
Lowest daily mean temperature, 53 deg. on
tho 25th.
Mean temperature for the month at 2
o'clock P. M., 75.32 deg.
Highest temperature for the month, 94 deg.
at 2 r. M. on the 30th.
Lowest temperature, 51 deg. at 9 e. H. on
the 7th.
The prevailing winds for the month were
from the north diiring 29 days, southwest 2
days.
During August, 1881, there were 3 days,
and 1.37 inches of water; 17 clear days and
11 cloudy days.
Mean temperature for the month, 61.28 deg.
Highest daily mean temperature for tli
aionth, 70 deg. on the 19th.
Lowest daily mi an temperature for the
month, 57 deg. on the 27th.
P, Parce
Eola, September 1, 1882.
Baker County Jitvcille : We have before us
a work-entitled "Mineral Resources West of
the Rocky Mountains," published in 1873, by
Raymond. On page 213 the author gives an
occount of several parallel veins of coal which
had been discovered by E. W. Reynolds, in
French Oulch, in Auburn district. The fol
lowing is an analysis of some of tho coal,
taken from near tho surface, by Dr. T. M,
Brown, a dentist, ot Philadelphia :
Moisture 14,68
Carbon 62,72
Hydrogen 4,30
"ygen 14,42
suipnur
Ash.
2,08
3,80
FOR TBE STATE FAIR.
Wc learn that W C. Myer, importer and
breeder of Percheron horses, Shetland ponies,
and Jersey cattle, will be at the coming State
Fair and has some promising colts sired by
Arabian Boy, dams full blood Percheron
stallions. Also half and full blood Shetland
colts for sale. Parties in want of the above
stock can see Mr. M. and learn particular.
ReedriUe Stock for tale.
By reference to our columns elsewhere it
will be teen that there will be a public sale
of blooded rotting hones at the Reedville
stock farm. Regarding the head of this hand
of horses we need ouly cite the name of
Hambletonian Melubrino who is the sire of
much of the fast stock of this State. The
reputation he hat made in the stml is enough
to cause an active demand for his get. The
lat sale by thit firm was cue in which great
birgains were had.
100,00
Mr. Raymond adds : "I presume from
analyses that the coal will prove valuable for
steam generation and domestic uses."
Quick Wobk. Robert O'Reily.who snatch
ed a watch from a man on Yamhill street one
day last week, was brought Into court yester
day morning and pleaded guilty to a charge
of nighway robbery, and was sentenced to
fiur years in the penitentiary. When asked
if he was ever in prison before, O'Reily said
yes, during the war, but be concealed the fact
that he had not beon out of the Salem peni
tentiary more than two months when he com
mitted the last offense. He has a'eo served a
term at San Queutin.
Bbokek. Tho U. S. court of San Francisco
decided in the case of the Chinese crew of tbe
American ship City of Sidney, of the Pacific
Msil Steamship Co., that they had the right
to land after the 4th of August, the time tbe
Chinese restriction bill went into effect. That
being in the employ of the ship before the law
was passed, it elocs not affect them, though
they had gone out of the jurisdiction of the
United States in the meantime. The U. S.
district attorney of California is of the opinion
that this decision will open the door for an
evasion of tho restriction law.
Painful Operation For some months
past Mr, Thomas Perry, of St. Helen's, has
been suffering with an internal tumor in the
side, and finally decided to have it removed.
1 he operation was successfully performed on
Tuesday, tbe 29th ult., by physicians of thit
city and a tumor weighing 15 pounds re
mov ed. Mr. Perry, although 63 j ears of age,
stood tho painful operation with remit kable
fortitude without the aid of anesthetics, and
is now doing as well as could be expected. He
is at tretent at St Vincent's hospital.
RoBBERr. While John Cornell, a workman
employed on the farm of Judge Waldo, about
ten miles from Saleri, wai at work in the
field, a Chiuaman who is employed as cook,
went throu?h tbe house and founl $53 in tbe
bedroom of Cornell, which he took, and left
for parts uuknown. On coming homo to din
ner Cornell found that be was robbed, when
he came to this city aid notified tbe officer.
It it thought" that the Chinaman went to
Portland.
I
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