Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887, September 08, 1882, Image 4

Willamette farmer., September 08, 1882, Page 4, Image 4

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Newspaper Page TextTP5 wnxv$txhittitMamavLiMwM&i WILLAMETTE FAltMER: POJKTiLAiND, OREGON, SEPTEMBER 8, 1882. j"i i M ., i IM J t H3SI -tr ipsueu every Week by the WTtu.xnr.TTi; rtiiiu:u i-iiimhiiik: to Y TKRJIrf OK SUHMJIIIlTIO.-e. flnii .utr. H'emtAirv hnl.ll Iti itiliniu Six iimiths, (rewt 120 Trilil), in entvan'C .. Less ilian six month w til lie. per month . . . . ADVl'I'SIMM? HATKS! AteertUcmc nts will lo lnirUI, proeMlnetn rwp -ct-itiie, at the rouow mir unit- 01 rates : One ncli nf ip,ce tier month Thr 11 Inches of srace per month On half column per month On 'Olumnper month IQeainrvn eoiI'-i writ fri-o on Application ,riitlli-etfn Ollite, No. 5 Wiunln'ton Street weir, rr-oni No. 5 nrifl W SMgpsMauw '' --l'-laEr:rega3a,wsMT1',wt n iti.i-iii'.it'.H .omii mi:iu;m'. I 2.60 1.26 . .25 $ 2.M) 6.0) 16.00 JoOO L'P The following nre authorl? J to receipt for suhtcrlji lion, to llils lup r -Veliiri wehavi.no reuits re mittances JIl'hT lionmli 0 xpitiria pihl), to us Ijr llcjil tcrul Ij-iti r, or Jlonij Orders, or lliprc". Al.l. I'AI'KIIS 1HMOVIIM I.I) AT Till; KXI'iltA HON IlK Till. TDli: I'AIK I Oli. Amity II I, !?lmii-onl.ehinoii . . (I W Smith Aurora dm Miller I ciWlli-.ll'.:.MeTlnilnon'ls l!rown-.illo.. .. W II Kirk Looking Gl lis Jl Cochran Ililttiivllle . loliullililii-llcr'l.lneoln I. Alirauit Iliiltu (,'rctk . I: skervln MeMlinivillc .J lil'hllhp Hrnoks . W II Ilarrl- 'I tny . 8 lioliuliis Ucllcvno . .Ii II 1 1 it I CruwforihvlMe Hcht (II i Oott-vifir..! llhliorfriil.fi (Jurvellli .. Slcjcr Herri Ulivnni'i . . A Ittti Demiseus. . V. I'orlwH1 Divton. .1. UlUlwnv I'llnt llnek Unini . ..Hon .1 0 lr iln Iiilbn.. . . J I) Smith Diifur ' Kulnr .lr Koli Tlioinn IVare- ElkOvi All HllriM Riufene lion .1 II Me-rtuiu- Ellcil-uilra-.. Hon .M 1III Feirrit drove. . .H lliuliei -t.iUon Fox Vnllsy...A l Oinliicr HuMIinlty tlo-ilicfl . ..1 lliniNlker Seiri. . flutoii All lbmnoiil Muilil GcrviU l Mitchell Tun-cnt Dolili-iunio.il rSiUcirve;,, IIierrWtMirir...llon II Smith riilKov...l!hck. I'oirl A I'o Irvln A 0 Jennlnrs Irnluneriitimre.W I llolIn Veton Jnckunvlllo.. Mix Mnllcr Wnltuhiir Mt I'l. want I- HI hirer lleri II II Ituthnlorcl Mohawk ..I S Lliun-hlll Monmouth.. V Wat.rhone NoYiouhlll fiWSappinton l-nwell Valley TKWilllinu .t. contain Pendleton Lot I.Ie-riuore I'errjihle I W Jleflrcw I lia-irillllll (r.MKrrjHikor illei r-I'lc C I lihowlcs Ito-chuni .8 K Itaiinontl cwett Home 7. It Mo-.s hih'in .H V ChurLli Junction. Jdlcriou.. .Y 11 llihcr Willi Willii .J W lto'alul Kliu. A I' (l-mlntr Jno Dounlnc; J S Morrhi ,S SI l'owc rs .John l.upcr liirntr .. 1 h .Mattc-cm Mlhur Hon Tlicx Smith Ulllinictto I' Jl Wllklni Welles ...A AUlliini"on . S Wood W N Kml'h J.licohs h HUlmhlo WlTHis mi tlur i'cl; the- Stato Legislature will In- in pui-inn. It 11 itlwnys tlm caio tli.it uo limine us is tnuiHa"t(l until after the- cleclinn of U. S. S. imtor, and this year Hint Hill occur. It i a i-ry inipoitant duty, mid otilN for elcliln-rato action. Tliero aio capalilu uien to lo had, mill lionorablo and talented men to choose from. The choice- Hlioiild he made with lefereneo to the popular nee.il( and tfie popular Ht'iitiincnt, In tli'-nu ilnys of Civil Scivico Itefi'ini o may reasonalily demand tlio election of 11 mill who will nmist in hicur inc the) reform the people elf mand; certainly not a mm whoso iiiauaeinent of machine pnlttic-t puts reform lit ili-limcr, Aiiil ulinsn rnanipti'atmii of federal ollicoi is only cilcu lated to sticnthen hiuiHcIf in power. If theie is a mm whose pint political history N identi ficd with coiropt coiporate inlluences; who assisti-d lien ilnlhilay in his nitarioiis (In-ij-iHj who i' k nii'i'ens hy tiny method, mid or-ftinlrcM political campaigns to win, at all hnirils, then, for henveii's sito and the people's, let him alune. I.ct us have a man true to liiintclf and to his .State; who is not plotting towin, and has not H'uked everything on the venture. Wo want no political adven turers, hut we neel a nun vthoso public and private character Rives nssuraiico that the jji cat came of puhlio moials, as well as truo atatosmtnship, will not detnioiato in his kei pint;. The Seiiatnmhip should ho nvtateled hy the people' ropresut itives to t'io qreatest and ahlest man, not jjivrn to any meiu politician Tiir MASAdHH of the Mi chillies' Fair give color to the hi lief that 1'ortl.ind is jealous of the Stale Fair ly holding tin) Mechanics l-'nir tho sainu ni-ik that the State Fair is held, Theie are wi-elis month in the year, 0111 until.) thiiile, and thcro rhoulel lie no cause for ciiticimi, Tins city cannot allord In pi ii id any ohxtnclc in the uay of the State Agiictiltural Society. Inn the State Fair tiuio was iiuiinuueid it hImiuI I not have hceii interfered with by any nttuiction nrigii.ntin htro. The eountiy is ijrently interesti-d in the State Fair, atiiL.mui'h dcptiiibi on its success It is 11 ertinal tune with the society, and one ttood fair will plica it null on its feet. It is not to he supposed that tho country people will attend to i;iiatfaits to lie held near the sain 1 time, If our nailers attend either one, we hope it Mill he the State Fair, vthi'di pos sesses Altogether the gieatest interest mid im poit nice. The Mechanics' Fair is chiefly eon dilute l tn uritif) thepiidonf this city. The display is too much made up of the how vises of store! 011 First street, and too little of the until it pioduutiflii and mechanic it I ihor of tho country. There is a gl no of light, 11 hand of uiuslo and a ciovwl of pi ople, withopportutiity to ip nd a ileal of small oil luge. Wo consider the St ite Fair iniion to lm preferred, ln.'cane the einip grouti I ii extrusive, pisneuger rates are low; ymt will see uioio leal life, and 11 joy uioio the meeting of fiiends and .c qutiiitancoi than J oil pn.-siuly can hy coin Hi,' hum. So, if )ou iliO'pj lietiueu the two, lut it ho tho State Fair. Tho Mate .griculturi! Society hulls the v.il nahle piojeity near Si!. in for thu pisipln of Oregon, nud uorks lor the piihlie pimd, while the MeclmucV Fair A'sooi itUm owns the tiuildin it uses.aml enp ots to make goo I dividends from its receipts While not dis paraging the object of the Meohiutos' Fair, if properly currio 1 out, we vumi ler Its present uiaiugeiiunt puiuluish in spiiit and mllloli hi action. The fariueisi't Oncou are expected to uiine here 111 droves to help outerpimng pemiUtois In till idenily, Init uuleia wegret'.ly Diistiuderstaud tlnun they will prefer to earn dividends for tlieuiivlu-t hy liclpmtho State Agricultural Su.'ifty. Tint U'i'hmtltt Fttrmtr tliiius the pitrou age of the agrioiiltuiiil cl-ies of Urtgou Item ever, it h eviJ.nt'y 11 t iliscaiernl that the Snulheiii u.uiutic belong to the Ulute, 11s it very raiely has anything to wy nhout them. Like a i.r at iinnv living not tli of the CiUpooK, it imagine! tint th "gn-ai WillwiH-Mii" cms ituUa the v. hole of On gun, - Dfinoernlie Vmm 'J'Iioss v. ho nud the I'aumicu know tint it rvooguiiaw all other pails of On'gou ai.d alto Washingtuii Teiiitory, k untitlnl toooimidvr ttiou, h Hie liniu ago wo gain a tketcli of the Southern counties anil their prospects in view of the cxttnion ot the 0. ct C. H. It that was so acceptable that two of tho joumsls in Jackson county republished it. We assert, often, that tho Roguo Hiver Valley will ho tho most attractive part of Oregon when it possesses tranportation facilities, and we placfl itj altie for fruit gronjng above any other portion of tho l'acifio Northwest. W halo stated that among tho rough hills there a man could plant out a few acres of pcichcsand grapes nnd soon nuke morn profit than some who carry on large firms. Also, we have re peatedly said that I'ijjuo lliver Valley can raise everything the Willam'tte Val'ey can, and possesses the best cliinito on tho Coast. All this we have slid within a few months and have nil tho time watched carefully the col umns of the Democrat!? Tim's for articles de scriptive of that legion, so as to copy it for the weekly and for tho monthly tli it has tin thousand circulation at the Hast. We are 101111; to astonish our friends of the Tim't by asserting that in four months wo havo not found as much description of Jack son county, ami p-oof of its agricultural value as wo havo published in the Fakmek. If friend Nickell will tivo us a e-ood article tie sciiptivoof that region wo shall use it We are hoping and intending to make a journey to Southcrrn Oregon toon for tho express purpose of writing it up. Wo fttc glad to use descriptive articles and everything relating to agricultural prosperity and general progress and development wher ever wo find them head, should examine tho subject in all its bearings, with a view to recommending suit able legislation for protection of our orchard, and leport at an adjourned meeting to be held in two weeks. This committee consists of I'resi lent Henry Miller, and Messrs. J. II. L -Hubert aud Dunne. Tho importance of this subject is only light ly understood. The damage that the cadiin moth alone, can do in destruction of fruit in this Stite, at tho present time, is not easily calculated. The value of the apple and pear crop is already great, though it is not careful ly utilized. Many are now planting orchaids with a view to Miipincnt of green frliit to tho Kat, hy the Northern Pacific Railroad. The value of fruits for drying and canning is also very great, and what destroys the growing fruit lessens the r. sources of the farming class. All fiuit growers who can do so nre in ited to attend th next meeting of tho State Hor ticultural Socity in the county courtroom, in tho Court House, Portland, Satuiday, Sep tember 10, 1SS '. TAXATION AND INTEREST. STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. A called meeting of this society was held at the Court House, in this city, last Saturday, to tako into consideration the importance of preventing, if possible, the introduction and spicad of noxious insects and orchard pests in Oregon. We aie constantly leeeiviug from California green fruit that is infested with the cod liu moth, and other in-ccts injurious to fruit; and, unfortunately, that State suffers much from tho ravages of this and other or chard peste. That we shall have tlie-n pests among us, and have to fight agiinst them, is beyond doubt. Unless wo cm prevent their spread here wo shall sudor greit loss The codlin moth lays its cigs on apples or prat", and the worm that li itches in .1 tew days' holes into the fruit, surrounds itself with a black cyst or covering, and tho fruit is spoiled The moth lays its eggs in California on the bark. It is assert d that 111 the Ksstcrn States it lays eggs in the earth. When the woim hatches it hides under the bark, m- in rough crevices of it, and when it becomes a moth it flios over the tree, lajing cirgs 011 all the ap ples or pears. That is one of the phages of in- met pests that wo shall soon havo to en counter. California has nl-o scale bugs, of dif ferent torts, that do dannge, and in-ects that injure other fruit than apples aud pears. Ilo'ilizing tho groit nnnortnm-o of this matter, tho prc'idont of the State Horticultural So ciety, Mr. Henry Miller, la'ely call d fruit men together. A few persons of tho many in. terested respoinlcil to tho cal1, including Messrs J. II. 1inihcrt, of Milwaukee; II. W. Prcttyinan, of Kast Portland; Mr. Piere-y, of Piercy's Island; K. Casey, of Polk county; Dr. Watkins, S. A. Clarlto and Mr. Dunne, (of Kelly, Dunne & Co ,) of Portlunl, and smo others. Tho object of the meeting was an nounced by Piesident Miller; nnd .Mr. Dutino, wh is lately from California, and wcH posted concerning tho fruit interests of that State, oxphiuod tho habits ami depredations of the codlin moth and tho moans taken there to de stroy them. It is euatoiinr) to wrap tho trees with brown paper bandages, after scraping tho lurk smooth and burning nit thu scrapings. Tho worms climb the body of tho tree and liaibor in the layers of piper, and overy day or so the biudagcs nre tnken otr and burned, and the insects collected there destroyed. This pro cess, carefully repeated, succieds in keeping the codlin moth under. Siuiil ir methods nre pursued to prevent tho incro 190 ol other in sects dangerous to fruit ititeiests, Tho fruit interests of that State aie so extrusive, and inciease so greatly that it is nhs dtitcly neeos siry to protect them by legislation. A law exists ami is enforced there, ns Mr, Dunne ex-plaim-d, providing for a fruit insp-ctor in overy county with district suboidinates. Thee watch all orchards, anil where 0110 is found infested thu owner is ordered to clean it by improved methods,. If ho neglects his duty the i'l!lcis hive thu woik done, and its e pi mo is 11 charge against the property. In this iinnner thorough work is done.wheie the law is enforced, and the fruitgrower has some assurance of success, which he would not have, if the Uw did not ccnup 1 all orchardists to do thorough work. As it is, we see continual lefcieueos in tho firming juiriuls of that Stite to tho damage done by insects. It eciua tint the practice hu pic vailed of ro turning flint boo. to tho grower, which i in jmious, because tho codhu in th is thus sent all over the State. It is cl limed that tho re turning of fruit boxers is the worst cause of the spirit! of the moths, Mi Dunne claimed to have invented a mix ture, n wauli or aite, to use in washing trees after they luve bren craped, which proviuts moth coiu'caled in the bark from coming out at nil. This, he bays, is a gieat assistance m keeping them down. He kindly agreed to procure for lliu tun of the Society inch facta, concerning insects in California, aud tin law u( tint Statu ami its practical workuu, us would be ol use in haudliug the subject Mr. J. II. l-smbert and lie had found two peviiiH-iia of the oodliu moth latelj in his own oiclianl at Milwaukee, that a p-m.m well in foriiied pronounced the veritable iimct, Mr. Dunne explained that a Sacramento gentle nun sent a carload of clioiox fruit to Chicago, without kuow ledge that there were any in imU in it, aril 011 nirival it was tluouv creel to bo two-thirds spoiled. Several other gentlemen t.-ok paitinthe disunion, ami many interesting and laluable facts umii tlicited. It was reeoh ed that a committee of three, with tho chaiiman at it O00D TARMINO PAY3. This is an old text of ours and we exp- ct to make nso of it frequently in the future. God farming means putting in wheat 111 season, 1 11 well summer-fallowed land. The present sea fon wo have had severe drouth and exp cted very poor crops all through the Pacific N. rth west, but have realiz"d the best returns from winter wheat in many pirtsof the Willamette Valley, over known. All wheat tho was wo 1 put in on summer fallow, has made a go el yield, through all tectior.s of Oregon and Washington, both Kast and West of the Cas cades. Tho j iehl everywhere exceeds expec tation. A mouth since it was not deemed possible that wo should have good crops, but tlm outcome is more than satisfactory in many counties, and fairly so in nnny ptrts of this veil ley. On well made summer-fallow wo also noti-e tint the ground was this ttaou cleir of wild oats nnd weods, and wheat is remarkably plumb and well ripened. It is gratifying to nbseri 0 th it some Oregon farmers are up to the re-ijuircincn s of the times anej doing thor ough work Tho better farming they do the better leturns they will receive. Wo have lately been reviewing the ejuestion of pasture glasses, aud we believe il to be thoroughly capable of pioof that pastures can bo easily made. Waste lands, thit now produce noth ing w-oi th naming, can be made to yield hand- Homo profit. If unproved pastures are stocked with sheep, cattln or hore, and handle el ju. diciously, it will positively double tho annual profit and tho prospi ttivo weilth of our farm crs. For doubling the profit doubles the wealth by doubling the capacity to purchase and impiove. Wo look forwanl to see this valley elenely populated, thoroughly farmed, and made a very ganlen of exuberant production. Laud will become so valuable hero tint poor farmers cann it aflbrd to pay mtere t and taxes on it The change, that is taking placj is gradtul but certain. Any 0110 who travels on tho valley railroads and compares the passenger traffic of to-day with that of past years, and oven with n year ago, can prceivo a wonderful increase. Moro pisscuger coaches are necessary, and moio peoplo travel. A very considerable por tion of tho immigration that coni'S to Port land works its way into the Willamette Val ley, lands are being subdivided, farms aro de creasing in sizo and being better worked. Ther-i never has been a year known in th 1 his tory of tl is while Columbian region, w hero g iod farming would not havo insurcel good crops. Drop cultivation and thorough pul verizing of tho soil is ncedeil to enable the air to penetrate and carry moisture with it. Now tint our farmers are becoming moio adept in their trade and learning that thor ough work can make up for tho' wear of the soil, they aro sure to succeed. We feel more than ever encouraged to keep this text promi nent: "that g'Otl farming pay's." When the whedu farming community can bo made to un derstand tho valuo of gras9, their prosperity will bo assurad. The fact that tne ealo of grass sceel is nnnuilly increasing shows tint many are determined to ha e goo 1 pastures. Mixed fae-uiing must be made n success in some degree. With th present price of meats of all kinds every farmer can inako beef, mutton and pork, and so vary his methods. There is overy inducement for good farmers to writo up their views atid methods, and wo hoiie that many will do so now that harvest is over. Progress of the Northern Pacific. Anticipitiug tho cold weather which comos early in tho mountain country through which the Northern Pacitio passes on its journey Kast, the company is pushing work with the iit-no-t repidiiy. For ten linlej west of Missoula City the grade is entirely complettil, .iinl a del.iv H now occasioned by the liouhle with the Flathead Indians, who eleel ire tint unless a stipulaecd sum is paid the work cm not go 00. The matter now is pending before the S. creUry ot the Interior. Forty-five miles of the road Itins through this reserva tion (1 rading is going oil AO miles west of the reservation. Track-laying is within eighty miles of the west line of the iv&eivt tion. There is a lsrue force at work between the tunnels and the Little ltlackfoot, and it is thoti.-h tint by the first of December tbe grading w ill lie entirely done between Miillan, tunnel and the end of t e track iwing Kist. It is confidently stated that by the 10th of December the locomotive wilt bo 111 MiouIa Citv, and that by the first of next Msic'i it will be all rail to Walla Walla and Mrlbn tunnel, l'arly in the epiing we lull bo in n-al oonncvtiou with Helena and tho Katt by tho Utah Northern, ll'iini H'eifei AiIommci-i, Democratic Timet 1 Fat hogs are worth nine eouu a ouud at the some of the railroad extension. Chickens are selling for $t! to $7 a dozen; iggsat M) cents a dozen; butter at 00 rents a pound j potatoes at four ctnts a pound; and everything else in like pn por tion. Quite a number from this and Jon-phine cotuitiia are engaged in funiUhli g tho various camps with pnnluw, though a few leave corn tlicts wttu omeof them and are lu-t so liable to lose money as others, l.'v erj body it n Iliug at leinuuerativu prices, so far. With the meeting of another bi-enniallegis-lature wo are brought to face important ques tions of State policy. How to raise the State rcvenuo equslly and fairly is a very important question. Two years ago we Bhowed that much of the banking or loanable capital of the State goes untaxed. The banks and loan as sociations 01 Portland evade taxation 011 seven eighths of their money at interest. Tho farm er is taxed on his lands and personal estate, hut tho banker sets the assessor at defiance. Last ear a leading banker of this State re fu-cil to swear to his returns, and assured the assessor that Itii word was go el. The assessor was manly enough to assert his right, but the mitterwas decideil by a bo trd consisting of the County Judge, Clerk and A'sesoi. Tho two first cringed to the capitalist. It is no ticeable that while the As-cssorof that county is promoted by tho people to tho office of Sherifi, tho Clerk and Judge wero both passed over by tho nominating convention. It is a satisfaction to rccognuo that the peo ple can thus assert theni'clvos. We showed, twi years ago, that ten mil lions of capital in Porthnd ovaries taxat on The law koos unfulfilled. The law of Wash ington Territory innke-s.the mortgage pay the tax when the mortgagor offiets his indebted ness. The Oregon law is deficient. This is tho way it works: Tho owner of the mortgaged land sweirs off his indebtedness; the murtjaco ilue in Portland is taxed there, if anywhere, and more frequently is not taxed at all. The lender here cva.les the law on the pret-ne tint tho mortgage Ins been transferred to some other party; tho original holder says lie cinnot tell who is the present owner, so the tax is not colleetcel. The past year tho authorities of one county enforced collection of tho tax from tho land, when tho owner of the mortgage could not be found, and tho courts upheld that way of doing. Probably other counties mny do tho samo hereafter, but when they do not a cer tain amount of real estate goes untaxed, and the rest of the property in the county is over taxed to make it tip. Several things arj certainly fur and should be enforced by law. For one thing, all prop erty should pvyatax in tho coun'y whre located. Vor another thcro should bo no double taxation. Again, s mie method should bo adopted to secure equal taxation and per mit no evasion; mortgages should bo tsxed when tho property is exempted on that no count, and the land owner jiavs a remedy hy deducting taxes paid from interest duo. Tho amount of el"bt sworn off is about eight millions morn than the property returns un eler the head of "money, note) and accounts." Here is n stupendous frauel on the State, and tho Stato in its individual capacity ought to pres-erve itself from this great I03S. How can it be done? Hum in selfishness is greediest when it can evade taxation. Many a man who is consid ered honest in business is dishonest when it comes to paying taxes, The tendency is vici ous to the extreme. Tho money lender says to the borrower: I shall havo to pay two to three, per cent, taxes on this loan, so I must have at least ten por ;cnt. He gets a high rate of interest on that pretense, then evides the law and makes his 2 per cent, clear. It is clear, transparent friend. Tho law, ns it stands, is ineffectual, because it is not enfored. Assessors and othor county officers worship tho golden calf and let the man of millions go untaxed, while they take tho farmer for all he has got. It will always be inffeoinal to try to make money pay taxes. Tho creditor will declare his loans uncollectible; he will cover them up, hide them some way, anel manage to keep from piyint taxes by "hook or by crook." It his been became we havo recognized tho impossibility of making money, loans and debts pay taxes, that wo have presented tho other view of the easo, and suggested the pro priety of repealing the law nllowiug indebted ness to be offset against assessment of prop erty for taxation. Let us suppose that property of all kinds is assessed where it is found, for its full value, and that no offset for debt is allowed. One result will be tint every district, municipality and county will have full revenue from the property in its limits. Another effect will be that as property cmnot bo tixed twice, mort gage s w ill not be taxed. The land will pay tho whole tax. Tho borrower says this is unfair, but foreign cipitalists will soon appreciate tho fact that nnrtgiges go untaxed 111 Oregon, aud interest will ho reduced to at least 8 per cent. It is now, on an average, 7 per cent, in California w here they have no usury law on real estate lonns- row, ininil, capital here, that has evaded taxation by disreputable methods does not ask for this law, nor does it want it to piss It sees tint the passage of an Act that would result in leaving mortgiges untaxed will induce mony to come here from abroad, that will bo glad to get 8 per cent, for loans. Tho result will bo lower interest, and that very speedily, even if no change is made in the interest law, because it will bring hither money from abroad aud create compe tition in money lending. The city of Portland put out a six per cent, loan that was taken at a trifle above par by the baukeri and some privato persons, be cause) tliero was no taxation on the bonds. The reasonable infrience is that judicious leg islation will make it an advantage to losn money on mortgage, and before long interest w ill be seven per rent., as it already is in Call fornia. If we follow- the example of that State in abolnhing exemption of indebteddess, we uny xpect to realm the samo result here. We elo not cv en argue in favor of this ineas ure of relief. We have no preference, except to place property en a coiunou level, to assist the State to collect its revenue, aud prevent the demoralisation, fraud and corruption caused by attempts of mouey lenders to evade taxation. We quote the finaucul condition of Califor nia as proof, because that State has no usury law. Money there is worth all it can bring. Banks take what they can get, and money lenders hare no restraint. Loans ere made all the way from fivo to ton pr cent., and real estate mortgages often draw less than seven per cent, interest. Seven per cent, is a fair average for large loans on good real estate. The 8 cine result may be expected here as soon as wo remove the cxemption-for-debt clause from the law. Yakama City. A correspondent, describing the county seat of one of tho largctt and best settled counties o the Territory, saya : Yakima. City is a small town of about 600 inhabitants, situated at the junction of the Attinum and Yakima rivers. It is the county seat of Yakima county, and, by its geographi cal position, lit is destined some day to bo a THE STATE FAIR. There ii a general feeling in the popular mind that the State Fair, which is to be held from the 18th to the 23J of September, wil prove a great success. Several years have elapsed sinco the State Fair was held in the fall. Many who wero accustomed to its re lief from the labors of harvest are anxious to see it recur at the old perio 1. Harvest is welll over, and ns a usual tiling the farmers of this valley have reason to feel satisfied with the lesult. They can get all their matters in shape so as to be able to attend the Fair, and that they will do in mass there is every rea son to believe. That they will take moro than ordinary pains to exhibit something worthy of their own efforts and of the country they represent wo sincerely hope Tho exhibit of grains should be equal to any ever made in the world's history. Fruits and vegetables will bi in their prime by that date. Dairy pro ducts and articles manufactured from farm products can be added to make tho display provo a complete exhibit of the agriculture of the Columbian region. The stock int-rests can be made very inter esting if the stock men of the State can boiu duced to bring out their good animals. Our Stato has within its holders a great deal of stock that is well worth exhibiting. Herds of cattle and flocks of sheep are to bo found here that would he a credit to any State or people. Let us have all the domestic animals, including swine and poultry, in full force, and of nil classes. Stock add a great deal, in fact make such an accession as this either success ful ir tho contrary. When we have so many breeds of good cattlo to exhibit it will be a shame if they are not at the Stato Fair. Hut we, as a people, are especially proud of our horses, for we can exhibit, from the breed, ing farms of Oregon hoi semen, excellent stock ranging in size from the Shetland pony to Clydesdales or Perohroons. The well-bred trotter one! tho thorough-bred racer como it. between We havo them all. No eloubt the display of horses will be as gocd as ever was mado in our State. The races, or speed trials, will be as enticing as ever, and pethaps more so, but this year they will bo managed by a committee of well-known horsemen, and the Society will not be mixed up with the race track in any manner an arrangement that will give satisfaction to a great many of its friends. Take tho products of the State, as they will be represented, with the live-stock interests, and the miscellaneous and mechanical display that is certain to bo made, and the Stato Fair of 18S2 will surely prove a great attraction. ith an attendance of twenty thonssnd per sons, which it ought also to have, it must prove tho most successful of all Oregon State Fairs. Pre-emption. Another question troubles a correspondent, says the Walla Walla Statetwan, regarding the right of a person to make a second pre emption filiug upon tho same tract. In this Secretary Kirkwood has given this answer : "We do not undorstsnd this section (2,261) as prohibiting the tiling of a second declara tory statem nt for the same and when, by reason or defects, or any other reason, the tiist declaratory state nent has become un availing, and thi-re has intervened no right of any third party. Tho second section con tains two prohibitions The first is that 'no person shall be entitled to more than one pre-emption right of virtue of the provisions ot Sec. 2,250.' It is contended on behalf of tho respondent that by this is meant that where a person has onoe tiled a declaratory statement for one tract of laud, ho shall never afterwards file another statement for the same or any other tract. If this bj the meaning of tho first prohibition contained In the section, it was plain there was no occa sio.i for the second found in it; for the first, under thia construction would effectually accomplish the um end. But Congress could not have meant this when it said that 'No person shall ba entitled t J more than one pre-emption right, by virtue of the pro visions of section 2,259;' for in the same sec tion it proceeded to niiko provision for such a case in the words : Nor where a party has filed his declaration of intention to claim the beuetit of such provisions for one tract ot laud, shall he ble at any future time a ee -nil declaration for any tract.' "In our opinion the meaning of the section is very plain. By its first clause, Congreis intended to declare, aud did in effect de clare, thit 110 p:rscin shall be entitled to enter with the register, and thus acquire from tho government, under the pre-emp tion laws, raorj than one tract of land. Thu is w iat wo understand is meant by the declar ation that no person shall bo entitled to more than one pre-omptiou riht by virtue of the provisions of section 2,259." town of considerable importance. Beinusii. j uated at tho pap of a high range of moun tains, all travel from the outside world must bo through its streets. Unlike most other towns of tho Inland Empire, it did not spring up like a mushrcom, but its grow th has been steady, substantial nud permanent, being the natural sequence of rich agricultural sur roundings. It is tho distributing point of sup plier! for Attinum, Moxsee, Natche-s, Wenass Cowccheo, Selah and Mmcoe valleys, tmbrao tig tin area of about 1,7C0 iqunrc miles, about ono-tourth of which is settled; and in addi tion to theso is tho Lower Yakima valley, commencing four miles below the city nnd ex tending down tho Ynkima river about fifty miles, and varying in breadth from three to twenty miles, containing, perhaps, about the same amount of good fanning lands as all the other valleys combined. This section of coun try is but sparsely settled, but within a few years these lands will bo under cultivation. A daily stage line runs between here and The Dalles, a distance of 100 miles The business houses contist of four general merchandise and two grocery stores, thrte saloons, four livery stables, ono grist mill, one planing mill, two hotels, one furniture store, two printing offices, two blacksmith shops, one Wiegonshop, two millinery stores; but there is not a shoemaker within a huudred miles of this place. We havo fine school houses which cost $3,000, and the Christian denomination have a very hand&orre church completely and neatly furnished. Our now Court House will be an ornament to the town, and in all Yak ima City is perhaps the most prosperous town of its size in Washington Territory. Walla Walla Union. Weather Report for August, 1882. During August, 1882, there were 2 days during which rain fell, and an aggregate of 0.03 inches of water; 28 clear days and 3 cloudy days. Tho mean temperature for the month was 63.21 deg. Highest daily mean temperatnre for the month, 71 deg. on the 30th. Lowest daily mean temperature, 53 deg. on tho 25th. Mean temperature for the month at 2 o'clock P. M., 75.32 deg. Highest temperature for the month, 94 deg. at 2 r. M. on the 30th. Lowest temperature, 51 deg. at 9 e. H. on the 7th. The prevailing winds for the month were from the north diiring 29 days, southwest 2 days. During August, 1881, there were 3 days, and 1.37 inches of water; 17 clear days and 11 cloudy days. Mean temperature for the month, 61.28 deg. Highest daily mean temperature for tli aionth, 70 deg. on the 19th. Lowest daily mi an temperature for the month, 57 deg. on the 27th. P, Parce Eola, September 1, 1882. Baker County Jitvcille : We have before us a work-entitled "Mineral Resources West of the Rocky Mountains," published in 1873, by Raymond. On page 213 the author gives an occount of several parallel veins of coal which had been discovered by E. W. Reynolds, in French Oulch, in Auburn district. The fol lowing is an analysis of some of tho coal, taken from near tho surface, by Dr. T. M, Brown, a dentist, ot Philadelphia : Moisture 14,68 Carbon 62,72 Hydrogen 4,30 "ygen 14,42 suipnur Ash. 2,08 3,80 FOR TBE STATE FAIR. Wc learn that W C. Myer, importer and breeder of Percheron horses, Shetland ponies, and Jersey cattle, will be at the coming State Fair and has some promising colts sired by Arabian Boy, dams full blood Percheron stallions. Also half and full blood Shetland colts for sale. Parties in want of the above stock can see Mr. M. and learn particular. ReedriUe Stock for tale. By reference to our columns elsewhere it will be teen that there will be a public sale of blooded rotting hones at the Reedville stock farm. Regarding the head of this hand of horses we need ouly cite the name of Hambletonian Melubrino who is the sire of much of the fast stock of this State. The reputation he hat made in the stml is enough to cause an active demand for his get. The lat sale by thit firm was cue in which great birgains were had. 100,00 Mr. Raymond adds : "I presume from analyses that the coal will prove valuable for steam generation and domestic uses." Quick Wobk. Robert O'Reily.who snatch ed a watch from a man on Yamhill street one day last week, was brought Into court yester day morning and pleaded guilty to a charge of nighway robbery, and was sentenced to fiur years in the penitentiary. When asked if he was ever in prison before, O'Reily said yes, during the war, but be concealed the fact that he had not beon out of the Salem peni tentiary more than two months when he com mitted the last offense. He has a'eo served a term at San Queutin. Bbokek. Tho U. S. court of San Francisco decided in the case of the Chinese crew of tbe American ship City of Sidney, of the Pacific Msil Steamship Co., that they had the right to land after the 4th of August, the time tbe Chinese restriction bill went into effect. That being in the employ of the ship before the law was passed, it elocs not affect them, though they had gone out of the jurisdiction of the United States in the meantime. The U. S. district attorney of California is of the opinion that this decision will open the door for an evasion of tho restriction law. Painful Operation For some months past Mr, Thomas Perry, of St. Helen's, has been suffering with an internal tumor in the side, and finally decided to have it removed. 1 he operation was successfully performed on Tuesday, tbe 29th ult., by physicians of thit city and a tumor weighing 15 pounds re mov ed. Mr. Perry, although 63 j ears of age, stood tho painful operation with remit kable fortitude without the aid of anesthetics, and is now doing as well as could be expected. He is at tretent at St Vincent's hospital. RoBBERr. While John Cornell, a workman employed on the farm of Judge Waldo, about ten miles from Saleri, wai at work in the field, a Chiuaman who is employed as cook, went throu?h tbe house and founl $53 in tbe bedroom of Cornell, which he took, and left for parts uuknown. On coming homo to din ner Cornell found that be was robbed, when he came to this city aid notified tbe officer. It it thought" that the Chinaman went to Portland. I J t. --w 1 SJI. -, fcftt . , - . jtn.