Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887, July 28, 1882, Image 4

Willamette farmer., July 28, 1882, Page 4, Image 4

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Newspaper Page TextWILLAMETTE FAKMER: PORTLAND, OREGON. JULY 28, 1882, BOK&'fJXtiSi iMffimffimm 'i iMtiea every Week by the willamette varmrkpcbushms co. terms of subsckiitichv. One jrew, (Portage paid) In drnce f 2.M Six months, (Pontage pud), In advance l. Lest thin ill montha will be, per month 26 ADVKIISIS1NO RATES : A Ivertlsements will he Inserted, providing tn are mu4iU at tin, fnllnuiln.. taMil ftf rafafl ! One Inch of epmce per month uj Thrie Inches of (pace per month po Ons-ball column per month 16 00 On column per month 30 00 t3.Sainple copies sent (reo on application, fubllcatlon Office: No. 6 Washington Street. Up tain, roomi No. 6 and M xrt.dtL NOTICE. We have agent In the field who are duly authorized aa follo: Mr. K M. Grarcs, who resides at hhcrl. dan, will canvass Yamhl I ami ao Joining counties In the Interest of the Kabukr. Ho Is duly authorized to receive and receipt for snhscriptions. Mr J. W. Ranire, of Chcency, W. T Is also our axent. Mr. Alfred Slocuni. at present In Umatilla county, Is also Jby authorized as our agent. I'Uinisiir.irn A?mo. mkmem". The follow Inifaro authorized to receipt for subscrip tions to this paper. rzrWhere we have no aircnts re mittances MUST ho made, (expenses paid), to us bj Rcgittcrcd Letter, or Money Orders, or Impress. ALL PAPERS DISCONTINUU) AT THE EXPIRA TION OK THE TIME PAID rOK. Amity .. .11 L Slmnionl Aurora Oeo Miller Lebanon . ...OW Smith Lew Isvllle. IICMcTlmmonds Looking Glass. .M Cochran Lincoln L Abrams McMlnnnllc.J Mcl'hilllps MrC'oy . ..8 Ilobblns Mt Pleasant V 8 Thayer Marl.. ..II II Rutherford llrownsville Wit Kirk lluttellle,.Johnlliteheller Butte Creek. .E Skcrvln Brooks . ,W II Harris Ilellcvuo Jell Davis Crawfordstlllo. Itr.Lt Mass OottatreOr .J 11 bhortridire (Joriallls .Meyer Harris nhnniiKiei. . . A Jctte Mohawk ..J 8 Churchill Monmouth W Waterhouse No Yamhill. OVtSapplwrton Powell Vallcy.T K Vt llllams Pilot Roek.. .F. Gilliam Pendleton.. It Livtrmore Damascus . . E fori:" Dayton.... E O lladawayf Drains .Hon J C Drain Dalits . ..J D Smith Dutur -A J Dufur, Jr Kola . ..Thoiuis I'earco Elkton . . .A 11 Ilalnes Euireno. Hon J II MtClunir Kllifbunr...lfoii M lllley forest Orovo, . H lliuhcs t'ox Valley .A 1) Gardner crmla e .J W Mctlrow 1'leaHnntHill OWIIandskcr lllversldo ....(.' PKnowlcs ItoschurK. .8 K llavmoncl Sweet Homo, ...7. II Moss Salem . . SW Church SUyton . .A I) Gardner Sublimity. Jno Downing Kcio . . ..J 8 Morris Ooshcn . ...J ilandnikcr Oaston .... A O llaymond Ocrvals .. .M Mitchell 8hlil W M Powers Tangent. ...John Lupcr OoMcndalo.il E Saylori Co.Turncr F S Mattcson llarrisburir...IIon II Hmltn Wilbur. ... Hon Tlios Smith Willamette F... M Wllklns llalsey. . Illack, Pearl A Co Irving . ,.A0 Jennings Independence. W L Hodgiu Jacksonville. ..Mai Mullcr Welle A A Williamson Weston I.SWood WalUburg WN Smith Junction WHIIabcr Jefferson ,,JW Roland Walla Walla. . J Jacobs Zona S 8 Glmble TO OUR ASSAILANTS As It. C. Goer lias taken tlio trouljlo to publish a letter whoso solo object is to in jure this paper with farmers generally, we take issue with him squarely. Ho says we ate opposed to the Oregon Pacific railroad. Ho therefore! is its defender. I Io defends men who said, two yoars ago, they had means to build this railroad, a.id to-day they have virtually stopped work on it. Thoy havo had all that time) to build a few miles of load and It is not built. A writer in tho Itemizer, a paper that has always favored tho enterprise, says thoy Tiavo only dono two miles of grad ing. It is matter of common nowspaper noto riety that work has stopped. Wo happen to know that financial circles Kast, and here, consider it a failure. Do our roaders wish to ho deceived, or seo anything wrong in our staling tho facta? Of courso not. H. C. (leer difends Col. Hogg's apparent swindle. If it is not a bh indie, lot them build tho road. Wo havo said many pleasant things about that scheme, hoping it might bo a means of favoiablo competition, making our pioducers moru independent of Portland, and o seeming for them tho best possiblo terms. Could wo havo dono hotter by this now enterprise? Wo havo wnited two )carn and now find tho scheme at a standstill. There is no road. Hogi( said ho Mould move crops this tall. It is not possible. Hogg i therefore in need of such defenders as H. C. Oecr, and is uelcmna to them. Tlio llentoti Lnuitr having published (leer's epistle, is at liberty to publish this ns our reply, Xone of tltt thouanndt of our retulei hart eter com plttiitcd liemune ir An toll them the truth. Then wo am criminal in another respect. Wo publish a monthly, compiled from tlio Faumku, fo. immigration purposes, as many wish to scud reliable, news of this region to friends East. We now havo a great many subscribers to this new venture, and wo aro accused of selling soma to tho "llureati of Im migration," Of courso this Ilurtuu of m mi gration must bo disreputable, or olso where is eur crime? Will our assailants explain? No doubt they would not soil proper iuformation at any price) to ain.li people, but, for nil that, wo want to know why not I It is presumable also, ft om what those kind friends say of it, that this monthly of ours is a miserable, pusillanimous, truckling, dishonest, disreputable- and revolutionary publication, intended to undermine the good reputation and pros penty of Oregon. As all our contemporaries havo had it sent to them, thote who con demn it can say why, Those who read tlio Faumkk and find it a good and consistent friend and zealous advo oate, will treat all this bosh that jealous peo ple publish at our expense, at its just value. If th a paper is a "recognized organ of monop oly," as the lleutoii Leader has it, and lUlph Oeer intimates, then monopoly is hard up for ream. Isn't It, 0, Oeer a monopoly organ it hen ho stands out in defence of a company that promises its b indholders to tarn twenty per cent, dividends on their watered stock? On slow, gentlemen, if you think tliero is no hereafter. 'Ihe r'.Miluu has already outliwd host of su indies and slander. The mau who resigned (lie secretary ship of Hen Holla day's road, and fought him to tho bitter end, is not afiaid of It 0. Oeer or Col, Hogg. i' w i j Tin: Orrioniiiii claims to havo caused the Mthoritics hem to destroy "Camda "thistles lu tho Court House yard, and the Dalles Time cousi ler that there is dtugor that "Canada" thistles will overwhelm Wasco ounty, but wo beg to differ with these gen Henieu, Year after year this sort of talk is keard iu Oregon, whereas there is not a Ctimnfei thistlo here, or at least has not been kithertei. Tho Canada thistle Is a terror to tlio agricultural world because it has running coo and can hardly be extirpated, but the ommou " bull thistle" that te rrlnVa the un aojiliistioatml, has no such terrors. Its nature m irieuuiyi swea vrm auuivuHies eat it, anil It docs very little harm, (ranger among us. Moreover, it is no THE STATE FAIR. We are now two months off from the State Fair, and as the Society has again concluded to hold it in the fall, we hope our farmers will improve the harvest season to lay by specimens of grain, grasses, vegetables, fruit anJ all such products and articles as shall best represent the agriculture of our State. This occasion should have especial interest for all good citizens, and especially all good farmers. The products of our State can al ways be depended on to make a grand ex hibit, and it will bo owing to the indifference and negligence of the producers themselves if the products shall not equal the capacity of our State to produce. Also in the line of stock, of all kinds, we havo good stock in the country, sufficient in quantity, and quality, as well, to bo well worth exhibiting. This should be an ccca sion when owners of cattle, horses, sheep and swine will vie in honorable rivalry. There is especial interest taken in such a display, and we hope to see the reputation of the State fully sustained. The one department of our fairs that we attach less consideration than any other will bo the racing. Fine horses are well worth seeing and their speed is naturally for men a sourco of delight, but we decidedly object to enco uraging the vices that attend horso races and see tho farmer's annual festival degenerate with a gambling scheme and find all the at tendant vices clustering in its shelter. The present year ths Society "hangs" no purses, but tho racing programme is taken in hand by a syndicate of horsemen, who carry it on with their own resources. We hope that hereafter the same policy will be pursued and that pool selling will not bo allowed on the grounds. Motives of expediency should not count against morality. The morals of tho young should not bo contaminated by evil associations on an occasion that is claim ed as tho farmers own. Tho farmers of Ore gon aro not represented by pool selling, gambling devices, whisky drinking and de bauchery, and their Stato Fair should not witness any such proceedings. We wish to all that is possiblo for tho genuine success of the coming fair on a proper basis, but we aro led to those remarks from reading what lollows, taken from the Hills boro Tndepemlent, which shows what a larce the pretended Washington fair was. For heaven's sako, let us have no more such. To keep up tho Fair let the honest farmers, who Iovo morality, contribute freely to make a good exhibit, and lot them also give it a sup port, by their great attendance, that shall make the State Fair independent of questions of expediency, that so often prevail, for fear of bankruptcy. The Independent says : "But the more moral class of our pooplo havo still stronger objections to the manage ment of tho Society. Tho Society have a published standing rulo that no liquor shall he sold on their grounds, yet thoy licensed a saloon on tho fair grounds. The moral class object to the Belling of pools, to tho "wheels of fortune," to tho swindling games of all kinds, and all modes of gambling. They ob ject to the lo'Y shows and dons of vice, and to drunkenness and profanity on tho grounds. Wo believo it to bo a fact that theso fairs do moro to corrupt tho morals of our youth than all tho churches, societies and schools do to improvo them. Now if the Society want a horse fair, they havo a right to havo it, but they must not ex pect tho farmers to come forward and pay tho horse men's expenses ami get nono of tho benefits. They aro tired of a sham agricul tural fair. A good many farmers were attracted to tho fair this joar by tlio falso statement that tliero was going to bo a Fourth of July cele bration and uitli tho expectation that there would bo an exhibition of stock and farm products generally. Theso won't hi to at that kind of bait another year. CORN OROWINO. It is matter of common repute that this is not a corn country, and neither is it a corn country to compare with Iowa, Illinois or Missouri, where corn grows like a young for est in hight, and yields CO to 100 bushels to the acie. Hut, for all that, corn can bo suc cessfully grown almost anywhere in the Col umbia region, and, by caro, can be made to yield IS to 30 bushels to the acie, acconljug to quality of soil and locality. When entering Walla Walla from the West lately, on tho railroad, wo noticed an extcnsivo corn field owned by Dr. Illalock, that seemed to hao boon well caroel for and stood three feet high, that, too, in an uuusually dry season. Wo saw other fields of corn near Walla Walla that had made gooel growth. This proves that porn can be grown Kast of the Mountains. It is possible to make a com crop auswor all the purpose of a summer-fallow, so tho question is ! Whether tho crop will pay the difference between the cost of summer-fallowing every other ) oar for whoat and the extra expense of cultivating and harvesting. While it has always been conceded that coin can bo grown successfully, and to somo extent profitably, in the cistern counties of Oregon and Washington, it has not been con sidered possible to grow it iu Western Ore gou, oxcept in the counties ad j icon t to Cali fornia. Hut, for all that, wp havo known of farmers who raised corn, instead of making a summer-fallow! also of those who grow corn aa fodder, and thrifty corn can be seen in gar dens all through this valley. In a recent vis it to Salem we noticed very thrifty corn in gardens there, and It is well known that mar ket gardens, near this city, produce very fiuo corn tor city customers to eat off the cob. A smaller variety la grown here than corn inouly at the Kast, where the Mississippi Val ley offers such advantages. The climate here cool nights all the summer prevents corn from being a very profitable crop, but a ) ears paas and varieties suited to the country are introduced, the growth of corn becomes more and mora an assured fact, and thjse who wish . . . . i .. , f to come need not stay away, because they tear T they cannot grow corn enough tor home use. For a market crop they will prefer wheat every time. They can raise cornstalks for early fodder, and can fatten their hogs on corn if they choose to do so, and if they locate in Jackson county they can grow corn to their heart's satisfaction. BUREAU OF OTMIQRTIOlf. Within a few months private enterprise has established what publio enterprise has failed to support, and we now have, in connection with the Lind Office of the 0. & 0. and N. P. R. K. Cos., in this city, a well organized bureau that takes pains to answer every in quiry concerning this North Pacific country, and supplies needed information to all who land on theso shores. This was a duty that most naturally belonged to the State, and re peated efforts have been made to secure State aid for such a work, but our solons have always been in that respect "penny wise and pound foolish, " and have refused todo anything to make Oregon known to the outside world. With well organized effort this whole country could have been settled and developed in much m-cater decree than we now see it, but tho work has at last been well commenced, under control of Mr. Paul Schulze, Commis sioner of Immigration, and no pains are spared to havo the whole region well prospected and thoroughly and reliably written up for the benefit of all intending immigrants. In the exhibition hall at the r:oms of the bureau can be seen a magnificent collection of grasses, cereals and products, including sam ples of Oregon wools, as well as specimens of woods and minerals. The new comer who sees theso luxuriant sheeves, and the plethoric grains displayed in glass, cannot doubt the richness and fertility of tho region that pro duces them. Wn question if any comer from tho East, of all tho thousands who visit this exhibit, ever havo seen products of the soil to equal this collection. In other words, we greatly doubt if any country East ot the Rocky Mountains can produce such grain. It is well enough for all who come here to kngw that such a bureau is established and ready to give information to all who desire it. Mr. Schulzo takes a great deal of intemt in this department of his duties, and is anxious to make it serve to the fullest degree tho best interests of those who come here to cast their lot among us. CHERRY TREE SLUGS. The cherry trees in East Portland and vicinity seem to havo been badlyinfeatedwith worm, and tho frnit this year has not como to maturity on them. Is there any remedy for getting rid of these pests, or of avoiding their visits? We are told that trees will some times have slugs on them a year or so, and then entirely disappear. An orchard on tho lino of the railroad near Milwoukie presents a bad appearance from tho ravages of this worm. Will some oi our reiaers wno nave had experience or knowledge of this infliction please give the Farmer the benefit of sugges tions as to remedies. Cherries seem to do extremely well about this part of the country, growing larger and firmer than any we ever saw in tho Eastern States, and it would be a pity to lose this fiuc fruit if there is any rem edy or precaution to bo used that would keep rid of theso worms. In the East it is a con tinued fight with insects and worms to be able to get any fruit or berries. Even pota toes aro hard to raise, and they are considered a table luxury, so scarce and high is this vege table. It is a query iu our mind if it is not tho killing off of the wild birds that has alio .veil such a propagation of insects. There is no doubt but that tho birds aro tho farm ers' and fruit growers' best friends. When the boys see a woodpe -ker hammering away on an applo or cherry tree, he hurries away diroctly, with a boys mstinct 0f destrttctiveness, and gets a gun to kill the bird who is only at work getting the grub or bcotle out from tho bark of the tree that is at tho head of all the mischief in spoiling the fruit. Hoys, don t slioot the birds. Catching Salmon on the Columbia. Tho Ooldcndale Gazette tells how they catch salmon at tho Tumwater Falls, about fifteen miles above Dalles City, on the Upper Columbia, as follows: Last Thursday morn ing J, C. Jameson, W. S. Lefever, R. It. Churchill. W. M. Churchill, Hilhe Helm, J. P. Ooddanl, J. J. Dtngmon and son, Wm , Joe and Philip Miller, Fred Cliatfield and Mr. Walkmgton went to the Tumwater falls opposite Celilo to catch salmon. They camped on the ground and started home at noon of the next day having no less than 12 large sired barrels full of salmon, to say nothing of tho wagon load they gave to the Indians, who were already there in large numbers and more coining. The fish w ere caught with a dip net and averaged 18 inches in length. Thk Rentou Leader complains because we said last March that the building of the Ya quina road will add to transportation facili ties; and iu a late discription ot this valley we say it is all within 150 miles of ocean tou nage and perfectly supplied with transporta tion facilities. Does the editor deny leav ing oil" any quibble about the word "perfect ly'' that Reuton county has excellent trans portation facilities? Has it not the Willam ette river and the O. A C. railroad, and does not the uarrow gauge come to its uorthern bonier? Is not Rentou county well supplied in that respect? If we have to measure all our words, for all time, to suit the jealous in stincta of every locality, we shall be in poor business. Both Lydia K Pinkham' Vegetable Com pound ami Wood Purifier are prepared at 233 and 233 Western Avenue, Lynn, Mass. Price of either, $1. Six bottle for 3. Sent by mail iu the form of pills, or of lozenge, on receipt of price, 1 per box for either, Mrs. Piukham freely answers all letters of inquiry. Enclose 3 cent stamp. Send for pamphlet. Mention this paper, "mali atau." CUars out rata, mlc, roach, flisa. aais, Ud bura, uaa. chlpmuais, (ophtn. i&c Drowlsu. I OUR FRUITS AMD THEIR FUTURE MARKET. A great portion of Oregon, Washington and Northern Idaho is well adapted to fruit grow ing. In Western Oregon and Washington we grow the finest of apples, pears, quinces, plums, prunes, cherries and all the small fruits; also, some favored localities succeed with peaches, apricots and grapes, more es pecially the country nearest to the California line, in Western Oregon. Iu every part of the Pacific Northwest small fruits flourish abundantly, so that every garden can have currants, gooseberries, strawberriei, rasp berries and blackberries with only ordinary cultivation. West of' the Cascades everywhere, and in favored parts of the country east of them, applet attain great excellence, and pears reach perfection, if they do anywhere on earth. Orcliards around Walla Walla produ'e peaches abundantly about two years out of three, and other fruits thrive well. All along the narrow valley of the Columbia, as for up as Lewiston, and no doubt beyond there, the sandy bottoms, when cleared of sage biush, and especially when they can be irrigated, produce well of all fruits, including peache', apricots and nectarines, and even California raisin grapes Buccecd there. The blufls ad joining are 2,000 to 3,000 feet high, and have a very different climate from the canyons formed by the streams. Of course, every farmer sees the need of planting an orchard, though, strange to say, many of them neglect that duty. But gener ally tho family planting a home loses little time in getting a little fruit to growing. It requires considerable faith and some enter prise, to say nothing of mon-y, to get a man to set out a large orchard with a view to mak ing fruit growing a permanent business; but even though tho one who ma7 do so must wait four to six years for returns, and be at constant expense to cultivate and tend his growing trees before they can bring him any return, yet there is great inducement for the man who can do so to commence fruit cul ture on an extensive scale. So far there is no such organized sjstem of fruit growing in Oregon as we read of in California, where re markable profits are made from every kind of fruit. There, they have immense canneries, that put up millions of dollars in value of canned product, and their fruit goei all over the world. In a brief iew of this subject, such as we design, we can only touch on leading points in a general manner. It would reqnire much time and space to review all sections of our country, and designate the capacities of each for fruit production, and to show alo how various fruits succeed in different localities. It is enough to simply show that we have an extensive region that is remarkably adapted to fruit growing, and can raise nearly all the fruits common to the temperate zone, not only in profusion, but with extraordinary ex cellence. It only remains to show that we have a market, at good figures, for all the fruits we can produce. So far as tresh fruits are concerned, we have a growing market at home that will continue to improve for many years to come, because the population ot this region, which is now only about 320,000, will in a few years increase to 1,000,000, and the fruit grower of to-day will have a great demand from this home market. In additien to this certain home demand, we shall always be called on to can and dry fruits to send abroad, and here we have a very great field for labor and enter prise. We have cur special fruits wherein we excel. While our apples aro excellent, our pears are superior to those of most countries, and as there are no insects totroublethrm and no pear blight known here, the fact that pears yield unfailingly and are of very superior quality, makes pear culture here most desir able. Cherries are peculiarly excellent in this val ley and in all Western Oregon, and are far superior in quality to those of Californial Three cherry trees in a neighbor's yard, here in Portland, about twenty years old, of the Royal Ann variety, are of great size, this year have wagon loads on them, and each year bear luxuriantly. It is safe to say that no where in the world can this delicious fruit be found in greater excellence. We are planting out cherry orchards with expectation of ship ping the fruit either to Chicago or San Fran cisco, or where railroads shall make it possi ble, that is to say, if tho home demand does not require them, and in any case they can bo canned or dried and made to pay well. Plums and prunes grow here without draw back, on suitable ground, and are a bountiful crop, and as for quality they cannot be ex celled in the world. No curcu'io, the insect that destroys the plum crop at the East, is known on this coast. The fruit attains its greatest excellence in Oregon, and simply yields enormously. We have plum trees four years old that must have two bushels on the present year, Tho plum is so desirable as a dried or canned fruit, and is grown with so much difficulty in other countries, that there is every inducement to set out large plum and prune orchards and make their growth a specialty. This is what we have been doing for the past seven years, and now that we have a tolerably large orchard in bearing, we see no reason to change our opinion that it will prove very profitable. Our own experiment relates to plums snd prunes (which are the same fruit of different varieties), cherries and pears. Bartlett pears are good as gold, and they bear here surpris ingly. Cherries are also a sure crop on good ground and well located. We have not so much experience aa some others with fruit, but believe that Oregon can compare with California in making fruits profitable, and it is certain that fruit that succeed here are superior in flavor to the same varietiea in Cal ifornia. Last year what fruit we dried by careful evaporation of the juice sold so well a to average fi 25 per bushel for the green fruit, leas expense of drying and packing. which is not over one-fourth. When one can grow two hundred bushels to the acre, it is no bad thing to have such fruit. So far there are no serious hindrances to frnit culture in Oregon. Insect pests (except the apple louse) have not found their way here. Very fW disadvantages exist, and there are many advantages. Besides the home demand, which we have shown must greatly incsease, we have the world for a market, and the superior excellence of our fruits for a recommendation. Besides all this we shall soon within a few months have railroad connection with all the world, and can ship choice fruits in all directions. When their own fruits are gone, Californians will be glad to have ours. When we have a dull market for fresh fruits they may be canned or dried. With all our advantages to assist, we shall certainly win reputation for fruits that will create a world's demand. Another fact of importance is this : rscent improvements in methods of fruit drying havo accomplished all that is possible in that direc tion. The most recent and the best, that seems to accomplish sll that can be desired, and all that is possible, is the Acme drier, that is within the teach of every man that has an orchard, as it can bo made of all sizes and capacities. With such improvements in fruit drying the business can be made profitable. Last year, in our own family, much fruit was canned for home use, but we prefer to use the fruit dried by the evaporating process, as actually richer taste and flavor and more ap petizing. Fruit drying has now become an art within reach oi all, and fruit culture will be one of the important industries connected with our agriculture. FORESTS AND PLAINS. We receive hundreds of inquiries, from parties in the older States, concerning this country. It is amusing, sometimes, to re ceive a letter, containing a three-cent stamp, perhaps, and sometimes as much as twenty five cents, asking all the questions that can be condensed on four pages of foolscap. We answer by sending back judications of the Farmer that are intended to convey general information, for we, of course, cannot spare from a busy life the time to personally an swer such inquiries. A recent questioner wants to know whether a man can locate land, anywhere he pleases, where he can find timber and water always convenient, and he applies that question so particularly, as w ell as so generally, that we feel inclined to answer it by describing the country we live in by sections, and so explain to the general reader the characteristics of each particular division. The coast region, and including the imme diate valley of the Columbia and all of Wash ington Territory west of the Cascade moun tains, is generally heavily timbered; the low lands covered with vine maple, alder, balm and willow, and the upland with spruce, pine, fir, cedar, etc. There are occasional openings, some prairies, and considerable mountain region in tho country thus de scribed, but it lies so near market and is such rich soil that it must be valuable in time and become very productive. There are very rich tide lands along tho bays and rivers of the coast and Puget Sound, and bottoms along the Columbia and its affluents aro famous for producing hay and vegetables. Tho future includes in its certainties that this region shall become valuable for its tim ber and then shall be utilized for production of all sorts of crops, and especially for fruits. Along the coast there are usually forests of fir and spruce with some open land, and this region must in time be famous for dairying, because of the favorable climate. The sea mists keep it moist and green all summer, when the interior ranges are dry, and the ocean currents temper the winters so that no severe frosts ever occur there, which make it possible to raise cattle to advantage and make butter all seasons, We know that Tillamook butter finds a market at Portland, and that the rivers and bays, as well as other coast districts of Washington Territory, produce excellent supplies for tho Sound country to consume. Of late tho coast region is brought into competition with other districts by means of small steamers, that do a coasting trade, a commerce that will increase with time, as the coast region becomes more productive. The western valleys of Oregon form au ex. ception, only in part, to the fact that the ojuntry west of the Cascades is usually a timbered region. The Willamette has prob ably two and a half millions of acres of open country, hills and prairies without any tim ber; and these are interspersed with belts and reaches of forest, so that that there is every where abundant supply of timber within easy rea;h; outside, in the foothills and moun tains, there is immensity of such forest as fancy can hardly picture. So the Willamette valley possess abundance of open land, and is as well wooded and watered aa can be de sired. The man with means can come here and buy improved farms, or he can purchase railroad land or locate a homestead in the foothills that possess excellent soil and have the best possible o Innate, and are yet vacant, because they have to be cleared of forests or undergrowth. There is generally such land to be secured on the benches and in the nar row mountain valleys that surround the Wil lamette valley, but actual settlers are con- stantly taking up such locations. Umpqua and Rogue River valleys, to the south, have some open land and considerable timbered country, and offer many advantage that we describe elsewhere. While the western region all has it exten sive forests, its abundant supply of streams and springs, and a humid climate, that cli mate and these characteristics are restrained by the wall of mountain. Yon aaoen 1 the Columbia, and in a few hour journey reach a region, far more extensive, that consists of generally open country, treele and with only occasional streams and springs, covered with luxuriant grass and capable of producing moat wonderful crop of grain, fruit and vegetable. While the new begirner, west of the Cas cade, i clearing off land to make a farm, the sett er on the open land to the eastward is plowing h'a land snd raising hi crop. When it is up and growing he makes a ditch fence and stretches a few strands of barbed wire. Re dig for water, generally successful, when he has no spring or branch, and hi stock crop the rich herbage off the plains or hills. Most people think that these compensations of soil and climate are sufficient inducement to pre fer the open country east of the wooded region west. The mountains that traverse the interior abound in timber and lumber, and fencing can be had since transportation has become easy at a price that is well af forded when other great advantages are con sidered. The man who locates in the edge of the mountains, in a high, cold and windy lo cality, to be convenient to wood and water, often finds himself worse off, eventually, than the man who locates where the land is better quality, who prefers to haul his timber and lumber from far, and dig for water. It is impossible to give all details concern ing this ountry in a brief sketch. Tho new comer has an immense country to choose from and many varieties of loca ion, climate, soil and products to corsider. Every section has its compensations; all possess excellence that commend them to different classes of per sons. It is often true that the immediate vicinity of timber is a matter of secondary importance, because it can be readily and cheaply brought from the mountains when railroads are finish ed, as they soon will be. Another fact as to timber is wiith notice. Government has provided that in treeless regions the settler, over 21 years old, can take 100 acres as a timber culture claim, on any government sec tion, and earn it by growing ten acres of tim ber thereon, which timber will be worth all its cost to the owner and leave him ISO acres additional farming land. Another fact: All through this dry and treeless interior, trees only n :ed to be well planted and tended to mako a splendid growth; the farmers' home can soon be sur rounded by shade and ornamental trees and his orchard con blossom and bear fruit. AU the reserved forces of nature wait to carry out his plans and respond to his labors and his hopes. BUREAU OF IMMIOKATION. Thoso who may come to Oregon should know that there is a Bureau of Immigration, established at Portland, whose duty it is to furnish information to all new-comers, and as sist them in locating to good advantage in any part of the Columbia region. This bureau is provided with the latest information concern ing all the available lands in Oregon, Wash ington and Northern Idaho, and is prepared to furnish such information to all who apply. It is therefore in the interest of all who come to settle in this wide region, drained by the Columbia and its tributaries; to call at the Bureau of Immigration, which is located in the building occupied by th railroad offices, on the ground floor, on Front street Among the attractions presented to the new-comer is a collection of cereals and grasses, gathered from all parts of Washington and Oregon. Also: specimens of wools, of woods, and minerals. The intention is to furnish th intending settler with such information as shall assist him in locating to best advantage, Mr. P. Schillze, Commissioner of Immigra tion, is assisted by competent subordinates, who spare no pains to furnish the most relia ble information to those who are interested. All persons, in search of information con cerning Oregon, Washington and Northern Idaho, the region commonly known a the Pa cific Northwest, will receive the fullest and most recent publications relative to the same, on application to A. L. Stokes, 52 Clarke St., Chicago; or, to Bureau of Immigration, Port land, Oregon. The North Ceast. The Astorian has the following sketch of the coast region north of the Columbia river and the country found on the Chehalis river: The Chehalis river ha been navigated by steamer (the Chehalis) for a distance ot one hundred miles or more. The tide flow up the river for a distance of fifteen or twenty miles, which, of course, renders navigation good for that distance. It is leu than two miles from Chehalis station of the N. P. R R. line from Tacoma to Kalama, to the Che halis river at a point navigable for light draft steamers, dunnjr six or eight month of the year. The outlet of this river is Gray' Harbor, which indent the coast some twenty miles north of Shoalwater Bay. From the ex treme headwaters of this stream to where it reaches the ocean at the entrance to Gray' Harbor is not less, following the river, than one hundred and fifty miles through a valley of good agriculture and grazing lands. On the lower river are several trading places. Elma is quite a village, containing two stores, a poatoffice, blacksmith shop, school house, church, etc., etc. Montesano, the county seat, is located on the river about twelve miles above the mouth, and is. geographical ly, the largest town in proportion to the num ber of inhabitant on the Pacific coast the county offices being a mile apart Hone for Montana, On Thursday a band of 345 hone were fer ried acroa the Clearwater. They are from Idaho county, and are en route for the market in Montana. They are the band of Messrs. Crook, Pearson and Morris. Ja. L. Crook. Wm. Pearson, Robert Nngent and one or two other will proceed with the baud to Missou la, a part of the men will return, and the oth ers will remain till the hone are sold. L. P. Brown and other will sand another band about the 1st or 10th of July. The latter will proceed via the Lo Lo trail, and will be in charge of M. H. Rice; and still another band will be driven via the Payette Lakes, and thence to the railroad. Idaho county is tend ing off many hone and cattle thi season, tho proceed of which should greatly relieve th stringency in the money market of that conn ty. TttUr. aMtlaaur "Wells' Health Keoner rsatora health and rtor, curaDrsfMTJaia.ImpoUacaWxmlDaUttt?'. tt.