VOL. XIV.
orrcouilcnc.
NOTS OH WASCO COUNTY..,
Editor Willamette Fanner :
The writer's business last autumn caused
bim to travel over portions of Wasco county
just as tlio harvest! were being gathered in,
and he pas ed the winter in Sou hern Waco
for tho purpose of observing the conditions
under which man, and the domestic animals
which minister to his wants, can live there.
Regarding the question of that county
proving so well adapted to grain pioduo'iou
(without artificial irritation) as to make grain
farm.ng a sufo and reliable pursuit as the
most imp rtant in reference to that countrv,
observation and enquiry wero directed chiefly
to that point, and this is written to give par
ties interested the remits.
I will begin by saying that I had no faith
in uplen 1 farming for grain; that four years
ago, who i comparatively little had been at
tempted in th.it direction, I made np my mind
that the greatest number of chances were
against success Mow, without full faith or
any degree of enthusiasm on the subject, I
am constrained to say that experience is giv
ing many reasons for the belief that grain
farming, or mixed farming, may be made suc
cessful in v.ry large extents of that country
which a few years ago was supp sed to be fit
for pasturage only. Yet, witli all that can be
reasoualjly hoped in the way of the capacity
f those lands to mature cr.ips by present
natural supplies of moisture or permanent
changes of climate towards a greater supply
(which many claim are taking place), ihere
will still bo very large portions of th it coun
try which, with the lit uost man can do, must
bo, can only be, used for pasturage.
The county of Wasco extends, by surveyor's
lines irom north to south, 13S miles, and from
east to wmt 81 miles. Tiie only line of rail
ro id within its limits at present is aloiu' its
northern border, and as the facilities for get
ting giaiu to market are next in importance
to the capacity of the soil to produce it, those
lauds within the reich of transportation fa il
ities should receive the first attention. Leav
ing Tiie DalKs ami pursuing the old road to
Wal n Walla, wo have on our right a hil y
country, wateied by Tnrce, Fio and Ei,jht
Mile cretks. It was amongst the-e hills that
uplaml farming for grain first commenced in
this county, and it has extei.ded s mhward
aloi g the foot hills ot the Cascades, keeping
near he edges of the pine bi It to tho northern
boundary of tho Warm Springs Reservation,
over 40 miles from The Dall.s. It is no
longer au txperiment here, csptchlly in the
vicinity of Dufur aud between that and Tygh
valley. Having been delayed several hours
at tno residence -t" Mr. Floyd, in the valley
of Five Mite, I asked Mrs." Floyd (whom I
fonnd to be an intelligent, observant lady) if
she hid such confidence in upland grain rais
ing as wuuld lead her to advise any iiear
frmud (a brother, f t instauc-) to make that
bis dependence for a living? She camlid y said
she had not; Bite thought last year an excep
tiona ly favorable one, and thought that there
would bo many failures from dry seasons. She
told niu her husband had found that the land
sheep had run on the most gave the best
crop-. 1 nis, i mime, is prucwuiy iiue as uiucn
to the ellect of the trampling vt th j tbeep.as
to tlii) enrichment of the laud by their ma
nure. There is not much laud near the river
suitable fur cultivation, the surface being too
broken and the soil (hich is alluvial loam
carried from the cannons in hich the streams
flow by the wind) is here too open aud coarse
to witlisaud the penetrating iufiuence of the
drying wihd aud sunshine. The soil improves
in that reaped as you recede from the river,
aud is almost iuvariably best where the eoun
try slopes towird the north or east. From
the vicinity of Dufur, fifteen miles to the
south, in traveling eastward, a greater propor
tion uf the land i of promising appearance.
After passing the Deschutes river, and
rising to the plains which divide it from the
John Day river, the toil is almost uniformly
geod. I was told by another intelligent
woman (Mrs. l'uce, who is ainungst the old
est lesideuts there) that f rty bushels per
aeie was claimed to hve been harvested iu
one cae last J lar in ber vicinity. She Uo
aid that the superiority of old sheep runs
was so mauifett that the old ih.-tp camps
"went like hoi cakes" as homesteads.
At Eatou ', at the bead of Spanish Hollow,
three peach orchards on upland bear wed. 1
saw iu I hat vicinity very fair stands of sod
corn, aud was toln tomatoes, squashes aud
cucumbers did well. I saw specimens ot
Karly Koe potatoes at Or. Kolliu's p ace nine
icch.es iu length. Near Spauith Hollow, Mr.
Clark Dunlap cubed my attention to the re
sult uf au experiment be bad made to teat the
question of whether the alkali land, which is
common in damp depressions which form the
brad it watei courts here, would ild auy
valuable crop, lie had bp.ken up the much
trumped sod, threw ou a lot of mangold wurt
xel seed -nd hsnowed it in .a be would so
much i a a or wheat. Be bad a tine piomise
of a good crop, tut a party timing 1,500
ibi ep let tbtin net into the lot when lie lie. is
were up from four to six inches. T e result
w. jui enough ol the ni-Pgoiels were lett tJ
prove that f reat crops ol that valuable winter
teed fur ttock can be iaite.l. It kisiiii t me
thai with a good sure of ma gold wurtzels
and carefu'ly-put-up straw stacks the farmer
in that district could combine stock and grain
raiding in such a wayas would give dim Be ur
ity against occasional failures of grain crops.
Should further experience prove favora' le.
this district, extending, as it does, about fifty
miles sou h from the Columbia, and averaging
thirty miles wide, would furnish homesteads
for a gn at many families.
Crossing the John Day we find the Btalock
Company oper ting on the noi th end of the
plain lying between that river and Willow
.creek. Ii clud'ng the Rock creek cauntrv,
taking local reports, the yield of the Blalock
Conipmy lat year averaged from nine to 'e-i
bushels of wheat per an. The crop of Mr.
Weathetford, a little further from the liver,
was claimed to be twenty-two bushels per
acre. I think the land here does not average
as good as the plain between the.D schutcs
ami John Dav rivers. In both cases it im
proves ns vnu recede from the Columbia. So
do tbefnciliti s for si curing a supolv of water
for homes'ead uses and fuo. and buil ling mv
terial thiiiLS that ore indispensable. The
nearer vou approach the outlying bills of the
It ue Mountain rirge the mote surface springs
are fonnd. and the more los the texture of
the Boil beenmos th.) plants found growing
wiih the bunch crass are of greater variety
This satisfies me tint whenever the means of
sending grain to market shall bo cheapened
by tho construction of railroads into 1 1
through this country, grain raising will bo
joined to stuck raising, and witt add to its se
curity as a bmiucss. Taking a course west
ward a vain, from tho vicinity of Fossil t the
Deschutes, near the month of Antdope, yon
have hill country all th way. a country
which has no and is fitted to permanent'y
sustain a greater number f pormpnent homes
than that covered bv tho pi mi lauds we have
passed in review. The lands as yet occupied
are mainly the natrow, rihhon like canv n
bottoms ot the creeks which feed trom those
hills, b.it they, under good management, give
extraordin try results. 1 feel quite safe in
Baying that I never saw corn giowing anv
w here elso that would equal the yield per nee
of some observed in the cinyou of Rock
crctk, and will not hazard what charact r I
may have for vcraci'y by giving tho size of
specimen nions and potatoes rai-ed on these
lands Hut they are of such limited exlentus
compared with the surrounding coun'ry tint
8ucccs fill farnu g of the upland slopes of
h se hills would mo'e thin quadruple thrt
population of the country in a s''ort tune. A
g ntleman owning a horse r.ai ch in the Trout
creek canyon observed that he was 8itb.fi, ri
tho hills would yield grain well, but bnppd
his neigh' ora would not find it out. The soil
s cms to In of a stronger, more tenacious cha
racter, a greater variety of p ants like lupine,
wild rose, larkspurand sunflower arn found
mixed with a gicater variety of grasses, th.an
are found on the plains northward, and 1 feel
quite sure that while they will carry a greitcr
amount of stock permanently, they will be
found good for mixed husbandry, that is,
stock and grain raising combmtd. As we near
fie Deschutes ngiin, where it forms the I oun
dary of tho Warm Springs Reseivation, the
surface grows somewhat level, and more of
the laud is of the character I underttauil to he
described by the term scab lauds. Some of it
consists. of plains of consi lerable extent, but
almost invariably that which lies with an in
cline, towards the south or southwest is
blotched by these peculiar rings of rockv land
sunoundii g hillocks of cood soil. While I
have no doubt much of this land that has not
yet been tried will mature grain crops or yield
wheat, oats and barley hay, I do not think it
will furnish as mmy comfortable homes to a
giv n area as the more hilly c .untry eistwird;
both wat-rand timber "ill be harder to get;
the difficulty in regard to the latter wonld be
lessened if it were not for the fact that the
slopes nf the Cascades to the westward are
within the Indun Reservation.
Turning now southward again with the
Deschutes on our right, and the lulls in which
beads the Ate'one. I rout and Willow creek, on
our left we cross the narrow valleys of these
streams aud the uidaud plains lying between
hem. Fr m Trout creek to McKay creek
there is a fine extent of con parative y level
coun'ry, on which water (or domestic use a d
stock purposes is the great n ed to induce its
settlement. I see no way ol bringing these lands
into the fonudati n of homesteads for families
but for the government of tho United States
either to bore artesian wells at its own cost or
give a sufficiency of land to the head of a
family to justify settlers for the cost of secur
ing a permanent water supply, by that or
other means. I am satisfied that one quarter
section is not sufli ient inducement for that
purpose, and that consequently, unlets somn
modification can be made in tho present
homestead and pre-emption laws, very much
of thee dry, interior lands will remain the
common rang for w ild cows and scarcely less
wild cowboys. From the nor b edge of tho
Willow creek bisiu south to I'rineville the
country on our right is a dry plain cut up by
the can) on, in which flow the Crooked
river, D schutes. Squaw c.eek and Matolios,
to join tach other. The sod is of a coarse,
open, sandy chatacter, the debris of soft, con
glomerate rock, to my eve very unpromising
for agricultural purposes witt.out an abundant
supply of water for irr gation. Yet re,ident
best acquainted 'th it claim that it will yield
grain crop-. I visited a field of Mrs. Beamen'a
(north of and adj ining I'rin-ville), where, on
rulliug bench laud, a moderate crop of wheat
was harvittel last year, and I was informed
melons, squashes and tomatoes matured on
the lame laud without irrigation When I
visited there in Decernl er last some plowing
had been done for this se isou's crop. I do not
think it av entire I more than fire inches deep.
and must think thatafuirow of twice that
depth would be a double security for a belter
yield.
Tho valley Itnds along the margins of the
Ochocn and Crooked liters have It en uted for
grain rawing. They are subject t fro. Is, even
in summer' which s meii'iics seriously injures
wheat for bread making, and there is n .t yet
enough of it raised to prevent Wall Walla
PORTLAND, OREGON, FRIDAY, JULY 1$ 1882.
bacon and Dalles flour brine sold in I'rine
ville. It is a postural country, ami the few
people there find themselves sufficiently occu
pied in loo'-iiiiir after the horses, cat I) and
sheep which feet on tho natural grasses. A
ratltoad lieing laid through would effect some
change by inducing more a' tent ion to agricul
ture, but I do not tl'i.-k (except as accessory
t stock raiding) agriculture will ever amount
to mnt h in this district. East of I'riiicille
the country is occupied partially for stock
raising now. Southward, within tho, limit of
Wasco county, there are lVw settl-rs.' It is a
distiiRO of about fifty miles, and embraces
the upper third of the Deschutes valley, and
on ace uut of the scarcity of w ater is called
"tho Desert." On this account the summer's
growth is in the main untouched bv stoek,
this fresh range every fall inducing both do
mes io a-iim il and gnmn in large quantities
to s-ck winter feed and shelter the e. It wilt
not be made uso nf as foundations for perma
m nt homes of white men until the land laws
are so modified as to enable, men to acquire
legally a greater quantity than I GO actcs in a
bodv.
On the west edge of this so-cal'ed desert is,
in my judgment, a more inviting country.
Fiom the junction of tho M.i oli.is wi'h the
Deschutes (which is tho southern boundary of
the Warm Springs Reservation) sou hward to
i he county hue tho distance is some seventy
five miles. Taking the east edge of the pino
umber as a Hue, an I assuming that settle
ments might be formed for live mites into the
desert from this line, and ten miles into tim
ber, would tive us room for a great many
homes. I have, been several times iu the
vicinity of the point at which the W. V. & C.
M (Lebanon) and McKin-io F..rk roads from
tho Willamette Valley ciosscs this stretcb of
country. It is ono of the inostTleUghtfnl ro
gious during the summer sea on th it I ever
saw. There is a bountiful supply of the puro-t
and coolest of water, either in the shap i of
hiii.iII Ktrcams ilouiug ildwu from the moun
tains or using in immense crystil spri gs.
'Inking the district lying north of Black
Butte and ton li of the Matolias, my esumato
is that there is ampl room for three hundred
families to settle in the combined business of
dtirv iug and stock raising conducted on about
this p'an : Thoialves kept in pasture tlm first
year, star cd when young eitbe- with half of
the milk fiom cows, or o rly taught to drink
the skimmed milk, carried through tho fir.t
winter with green-iutnutricious hay, mangold
wurtzel, turnips or rutabagas, any or nil of
which can be riisjd, Fencing, building ma
terid and fuel is abundant The feeding
seison, winch I think will nveiago four
mouths of tho year at least, will be compen
sated for iu largt part bv the abundant blip
ply of water and wood, mid tho certainty
with which winter feed ran be r.ti ed The
c.mle after the first ytar, can be mails to get
mot of their winter subsistence on tho desert
just outside the p lie belt, but reared in tho
way indieattd, will know wb ro li mo is when
hard weather sets in, and will never get wild
if the owner does Ins duty by them. The
grasses in this rei -n keep grccu all the sum
mer, and thn timber so brraks the snow full
thit there is mudi grass that cin be not even
when the snow is a foot deep in the ( pen
rnuntry. Stock wintered v.ry well last win
ter iu the Malolias valley, which is about ten
miles inside the pine belt. The total snow
fall last winter hero was thirtj. two inches,
fourteen inches being the deepest it lay atone
time four miles north of Black Butte. But
for the misplacement of a record kept here by
Miss Bettte Bamford, I should have been
able, I think, to show that the uniformity of
the winter climate hero will commend it as a
p'aceof residence for consumptive invalids. I
cannot think there is within the bounds of
Orejon a better locality for this purpose dur
ing the summer sea on.
This region is not likely to be limited to
cattle raising and dairying as resources. Uveii
now some of the few setthrs make shingles
lor silo in i'rineville, and thould any railioad
ever cross the Cascades lumbeiing for rupply
of the immense tieelers region eastward would
become at once an important resource.
l should expect that tms stretch ot country
n long between the Cascade range and the
Deschutes river, south from the Indian Re
servation, will he more liable to late and early
frosts than that from tho north line of the
Reservation nonb to the Columbia; yet, ex
perieuce fcn far indicates that vegetables, like
potatoes, escape frost better inside than just
outside of the pine belt, and the upland, which
will give a crop of any kind without irriga
tion, is safer in that respect than low spots
giving out springs or containing wet land.
To summarise my views of tho resources nf
Wasco county and tho safest method of de
velopment, I would say for grain farming
that the northern and eastern tides of the
county offer the most trounds of success,
but that even in the most favored of theso
localities the raising of stock of tome kind
ought to lie combim d with farming. In torn
cases the ttock interest may be secondary,
but in most cases the stock interest ought to
be the first or baling interest, and in ceutral,
southern and western Wasco improvements
in agri.-ulture will surely take place as the
surest means of adding to the profit aud per
manency of ttock raising.
I heard a great aeal last fall and winter of
a p-irmanent change having taken place in tho
climate of Eastern Oregon, moie favorable
to the production of cereal crops. 1 confess
to lieinv! a doubter of such being the cite to
suc'i an extent at to be counted on. I can
believe that some cnanire bat taken place. By
reason of extended cultivation iu tin Wil
lamette Valley from year to year more hay
aud grain are cut in Weatern Oregen, yiviug
out in the curing procesi an additional amount
ol moisture, which, rising to the bight of the
Cascade .Mountaii t, carried over tlm bv the
snuthwett wind, may be precipitated ou East
em Oregon in the shape of raiu. But tl is of
lest depends upo.i the couroeot the wind, and
a southwest wind blowing over Western
Oregon is n t anions the certainties. True,'
extended cut nation of grain and bay in the
Upper C lumtia Valley might contiibnte ac
cording to th'S theory by down stream wind,
but thcro are no cooling mountain tops to aid
the condensing process. Timber planting,.
which isviuillieil e-u lliuueiicu ciiiuitc-, line iivv
ye t been done E ist of the Cascades to have
any efle :t; I therefore sec no reason to justify
a belief iu a permanent change in the climate
there, and Iwlievo much of the success which
has been obtained in farming these uplands
.w it always at ninable by the same measure
of plucky experiment wlu.li brought that suc
cess. I say this not because I believe man'n
will can chango climate, but ur boasted
knowledge amounts to little if it will not aid
us receiving products from lands that unaided
na'ure has k-pt clothed witbuu ritious grasses
lor untold generations. Anil on this subject
nf glasses. Which X deem of as much import
ance to Wasco couuty s that of raising grain
without in igition. There is a present need
of experiment to find what will supply die
place of or improve t'ion the bunch-grass
whi.li is disappcaiing fiom overstocking
Some of tho means placed nt the disposal of
the Department of Agriculture ought to be
put io 'ise in solving the Question id what are
the b-Et grasses or substitutes fur grasses lor
cultivation iu Wasco couutvr J. junto.
Crops In Marian County.
Tniistn, Oregon, Juno 2", 1882.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
I went to tho French 1'iairie, near Wood
burn, on the 21th ins'., and looked at the
crops while there. Winter wheat aud oatB
look reasonably well, and will produce a fair
crop rain or no rain. Euly spring wheat
and oats will suficr, and tho yield be abudged
soma if we get no more raiu; but late sown
grain will be nearly, it not quite, a failure.
Should we, of the Willamette Valley, lnvo
short crops and loiv pricc-R this season, it will
be a blessing iu disguiso notwithstanding,
lion ever, much pcop c liny giuinblc nt it; for
wheat raising as a specialty is past the days
of profit, and "mixed farming," which means
more glass, fruit, butter, eggs, meat, wo 1,
etc, is coming. No people mn more tcna
ciou ly in grooves than tho average Orugoniau,
especially the farmir, and nothing short of a
prospect of starvation or shuck of an caith
quake can get him out of it. Tho sorrel and
wild oats have been, and are now, a great
help, but we need something iu addition;
something that will wako the farmer up to
Bee the very poor returns, which he receives
for the amount of capital invested and hboi
performed in bis wheat-raising operations.
When the timo comes that a tanner cm man-
ago t cko out a living on less than 200 acres
of land, this valhy will be more j rospernns,
I visited also th.. camp meeting of the Spir
itualists on the 2."th, and found tin m siiimlv
ensconced in a pleasant giovo one-half a mile
east ot Woodliuru. ino attendauco wi.s not
large, ami sneakers wcio ecaice, but those
present appeared to be having a pleasant time
as this suit of religionists do not object to
having what fun can be reasonably hail in this
world before taking their chances on the next
Mrs. Duniwav was nresent. anil her addresa
pleasantly delivered, and to the point, wue the
leature ot the occasion, u. w. i-awson and
J. II. Cooley also orated, an 1 Beveral lesser
stars "let their light shine." Whatever be
said of this peculiar sect, they are a pbasant
ly social people to go among; they appear to
ue nuuest in meir pceuuur views aim ei.c-
rines; court investigation; are tolerant of op
position; aud not at all "hi.ie-bouud." And
whether it not their peculiar teachings and
manipulations shall result in any new views of
the future state, or any new laws governing
matter, or properties thereof shall be dis
covered; one result appears assured, aud that
i-f they aro setting, not only communities but
States and nations, to thinking an investi
gating, and thus far, mankind are being bene
fited. If their t cones are true tbfy'have al
ready gone lorth to the world, and no power
can stop the m. If tb-y are false, the cloeo
scrutiny which the Sp ritualists themselves
invite will eventually piove their downfall.
Credit is due also to that public-spirited
gentleman, Hon. 8. C. Cooley, for the nice
grove be hat fi ted up, and which, when the
tre.s and vines which are planted have more
growth, will be a very plea ant place, ind ed.
B. O. IlfcMUN.
Letter from Moscow.
Moscuw, W. T., June 20, 1882.
Editor Willamette Farmer;
The arrival of the Fauhkh hat reminded
me of a certain promise, which I proceed to
redeem. We are pleased to note the fact that
our valley present a more pleasant and pros
perous appearance now than it did when you
visited us thir spring, The crops are looking
flue and healthy, notwithstanding we have
hail a considerable amouut of dry weather.
It is thought toe straw will be shorter than
usual, bat no fears are entertained iu regard
to the yettd of grain.
Emigration it pouring in upon us at an un
usual rate. The countries known at the 1'ot
latch and Bear Creek are settling up rapidly
with on industrious class of farmers. Break
ing, fenciug and b lildiug are visible on all
ide; in f.ct, the entire community between
the Spokan and Snake rivers are putting forth
every effort toperminently improve their land
and business.
The company of turveyora who left Twin
Wells on the N. 1', It R. some time since
for the purpose of surveying a railroad from
that point to this place, arrived here lstt Sat
urday. They pronounco the road a very prac
ticable one. It is undent .od that they will re
turn to the vicinity of Colfax, W. T., and en
deavor to procuro a practical grade into that
promising littlo city.
There have been a large quantity of horses
cattle and lions purchased aud driven out of
this country this season, which bat had a ten
tency to make the prices of young stock firm
and a little advanced.
1 he saw mills iu this secti n of country are
running on full timo, and, in fact, crowding
their saws, jet, wo understiiid, they are una
ble to get any lumber ahead of their.ordcrs.
A general changing of niil carriers and
stage line owners throughout the l'alouse
country will take place n July 1st next; also,
several changes in mail routes will occur
through the countiy Wo ate pleased
t noto the establishment of tho fol
lowing i ntoi prises in our town si.iro your
visit : First we would call tho Moscow JiVr
ror, a paper devoted to the interests of Mos
cow and l'aradise valley in general. Next
etoulel come tho Bulking House of Mcssts
Baker & Clark, of Walla Wulla. Next como
the general merchandise house of Messrs
Deriiham & KauHmaun, of S.in Fiancisco;
and la-tly tho completion of Pries & Co.'b
brewe y. All of tho above appear to be well
p'cased with their location are) business prOB
pects. The sporting.men of this place have just
completed a circle race tiack, one mile in cir
cuinicrence, ami saiel to bo tho best track iu
this country. It is located about thrco eiuar
ters of a mile cast uf the ci y.
Aichbisbop Seaghers, of your city, arrived
here last .Saturday, and hold services on Sun
day. Ho delivered n lecture on Sunday even
ing to a largo audience. Tho lecture was
highly appreciated.
The Methodist Episcopal Societies of Mos
cow, Pullman and Colfax have mil cd iu hold
ing a camp noe'ing iu tho vicinity of Kumi
nckan Butte, n distance of about tiftceu miles
fiom this place. I ho inciting oimmeiiceil
last Friday, aud will continue till July :!d.
Yours respectfully, Oaiidkn.
' Letter lrom Polk County.
CnowLEV, Or.. July 4, 1882.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
We see in our Oregon papers various
opinions on tho crop prospects in Western
Oregon, but all of them wu have Bean miss the
mark very much, at least for Polk county,
You may, Mr. Editor, rely on the following
facts, at least in regard to this county : All
grain soweil mi suiniiK r fallow Inst fall never
looked better at this time than this yoir, but
it is feared by many that it may not fill well.
When wo Bay "all grain," wo, however, only
mean win at as winter oats, though sowed in
tho fall, will not m .ko over two-thirds of a
chip, btiug mostly short and spindling,
Spring wheat is mostly a failure, and looks
worse nt this timo than wo navit over Known
it iu Oregon. Hay is going to be exceedingly
settee, aid tbeiu is already a great local
neiuiry fur the ssme. There is one great
messing connected Willi crops tins year, ami
that is, the grain is not smo'heredby wild
(utx, but that also accounts for the scarcity of
hay. Late sown grain, whether wheat or oats,
will not amount to anything unless sowed on
rich, damp or seepy land, for the usual June
rains liava failed us this year, and it it too
late now to bo of much benefit to crops.
Yours respectfully, (Ikohiik 11. Ell.Kiia.
Weather Beport for June, 1883.
During June, 1882, there were 4 days
during which ram fell, and 0 01 inches of
water; 17 clear daya and 0 cloudy dayt, other
than tboso on which rain fell.
The mean temperature for the month was
Gl.fi'3 deg.
Highest daily mean temperature for the
mouth, 78 deg. on the 2d.
Lowest daily mean temperature, CO deg. ou
the 10th.
Mean temperature for the mouth at 2
o'clock y, M., 73.47 deg.
Highest temperature for the month, 03 deg.
at 2 P. M. on tho 2el and 3d.
Lowest temperature, SI deg. at 0 f. JJ. on
the 20th.
Thunder occurred on the fitli and 6th,
The prevailing winds for the month were
from the north during 22 dayt, south S
days, southwest 3 dayt.
During .tune, 1881, there were 11 dayt
during which rain fell, and 1,75 inches of
water; 8 clear days and 1 1 cloudy days.
Mean temperature for the mouth, 68.40 deg.
Highest daily mean temperature for the
anonto, 00 deg. ou the 2d,
Lowest dauv mean temperature for the
mouth, 52 deg. on the 4 th.
y, I'KiHCI!,
Eola, July I, 1882.
81c Semper TyranaU.
"Thus always to tyrants," says Virginia
upon tier coat of arms, aud with thit mono is
a vigorous form with bis foot upon a prostrate
usurper. Fitting device ami motto for Hunt's
Remedy, '1 hut does it tread down usurp ng
diseases, and thus docs it ipeak to silinenti
that bafllu the skill of the medic. 1 profession.
1 here are no diseases to bold, yet so insidious
ml lUiueroiis, and at the timo time pcisis.
tent and multiform iu manifestations, tie
diseases of tht kidneys anil liver. And yet
here the domain of Hunt's Remedy, Too ex.
perieuce of thousands proves that It does oil
that is claimed fur it, etlects cores of cans
that have been bupu its, and turns despair
into joy Yes, it se-u its foot upon tluiyrai.t,
kidoev disease, and cries out to the world,
"Sic semper tyranuia."
NO. 33.
North American Review.
Jn the Xorlh American litckie for July, the
leading aiti t'.e is n profound and sympathetic
study of "Eineison as a Poet," by K Iwin P.
Whipple. The author has scarcely a word to
say about forms and modos of i xprcssion, and
cheerfully concede that Emerson had com
mand eiu'y of two or three me ties; but be
brings all the resources nf his extraordinary
critical acumen to prove that as a seer, as one
who has intuition of the deeper truths of na
ture and tho moral universe, in short, as a
poet in the highest sense of the word, Enter-
on must take rank with the greatest g. niuscs
of all time In "Hvdiatilio l'lu.suru in Wall
Street, a writer who withholds his name but
who manifestly is no novice, exposes many of
the tricks and devices by mtietis of which
fictitious values arc created, ami the unwary
lured daily to ruin. Desire Clisiuay contri
butes tho eleventh article in the series on
"Tho Ruins of Centnl America," and records
tho ciouniu i triumph ot hi; exploring ex p. dl
tion, namely, the discoveiy of u great ruined
city in the hither o unexpluiod country of the
Lacandoncs, (iuateniali. There me two pa-pi-rs
on the civil service question: One, "Ibe
ihings h ch Remain, by (Jail Hamilton,
who leborsto relieve the civil service from tho
aspersions cast upon ir on account ot Guitcuu's
crime; tho other, "Tho 11 .sine as of Ollicc
Seeking," by Richard Grant White, who
forcibly portiays the moral ills that come
from tho perennial struggle for plnoe. Finally,
Francis Mai ion Crawford, sou f the eminent
American sculptor, writes of "FuUu Taste in
Art," and indicates certain directions in which
art cmtuio might be developed under the
conditions of lito existing in tho United
States. The lliview is for sab- by booksellers
and newspapers generally.
Migrating CaliforaianB.
There is a largo immigiation this season
.fro n California of peop'u who t iko their teams
and wagons and load in their I ousehold pen
ates and then itart off north iu search ot
homes and homestead laud. They drive
through Lako county, anil tho nowspspers
there declare) they cannot let well enough
alone, but aro bound to go further and stand
a chanco tn fare woiso. Then they traverso
Wasco county w itli its ton millions of acres,
and this is what the I'rineville oVruvr lias to
say:
The spirit of emigration seeing to hav.
tiken possess! it of the Cilifmi ians caily in
tho s ason. Tho movement in u good one if
nut too much indulged. But while emigrants,
as a rule, desire to teach u more favorable lo
cality, thcro aro ton many w ho aro not will
ing to stop until their tit- uns n o entirely ex
hausted, ve hen tli-y aro coiupel'cd to do bo.
Tho destination of nculy all who liavo passed
this p'acu is Eastern Washington When one
has oucu permitted this migratory impulsn to
move bun, it seems that an irre'sistiblu rest
lessness takes possession and controls bis fu
ture movements. He is never willing to let
well eunuidi alone, but is foiovcr searching
for something butter. It would bo a matter
of valuable information to those who annually
vibrato between California and Washington
Territory if thuy only knew that they past
by, without notice, tho very country thoy are
adapted to sutt'o and help to build up. A
country that needs their labort, and one that
will give ample return for cveiy day'a work
that is given to it. This country is Kistem
Oregon, from tho north line to tho south. Id
this part of tho State can be found lands that
are adapted to any kind of fanning, eythcr
agricultural or live stock. Thousands of
farms suitable fur either of these pursuits are
to-day awaiting the hands of energetic labor
to convert them into beautiful and pleasant
homes, True, these lauds cr fast being;
taken, but there is always room Tor more, and
the fact rcimiiis, in the settlement of this
countiy, tho sunn as in others, that thoso who
come last get as good placet, if not better,
than those who were the first to oliooas, A
cordial invitation if extended to those who
heretofore have been on oitremes svielteriuii
in the beat of Central and Southern California
ami congealing iu tho extrcr.tc cold weather
of Washington Territory in the winter to
try the medium, and settle in Eastern Oregon,
and theio is every assurance fiat there will
never be any cause foi regretting it.
TllKbad clfectof mercury will teelTeetually
eradicated from the systvin, by using several
bottles of Plunder's! Oregon Blond Purifier,
already a staple urticle.
Ooldcuelale Uauttr t Iteoeiit'r thcto were
stunting on Main street seven Kittitas teams,
all leadeel with wool and bidos, eu ruute to
market. The w ool aggregated 13,000 pouuilt.
Sheep did well luet winter. The per ceutage
of lambs it unusually large thit springi the
tleecrs are extra heavy ami e I Hotter quality
than usual Wool is now worth from 20 to
25 cents per pound, aud if all years could be
like the past It won! 1 certainly pay to raiitf
sheep.
HrniilNd'n Rmsia Salvo meets with won
derful success iu all cases tf Hl.lu disease.
Try it.
(Joldindslu Ouutle i William Ciymcr, near
Is-haiiuoii. lis two full bloodeel Juisey towr,
ahull ami two calves, and others aru gradu
ally going into superior gratis of stock.
xltluny Men.
"Welti Htfilth McneMer" natures health and vl. or.
cures 1) M eli, ImeiUccs, tissual DmU.Ii, (I,
.. - MSU .