f
4 '.
VOL. XIV.
orrcOHiltnc
A FKEE TALK ABOUT RAILROADS.
Bi'simit, llcnt'iti Co., Or., Toll. 15, 1882.
.litf r illntinttn 1'nriilir!
& An you invito comment on your rnilro.id
j"irticlo of hut wimk, nnil ns you nro nlways
IfoVery lc I itl about publishing lumiiiiiiiii-atioii
jfi.vii thu country, I thought I would nay a,
SJn regard to rnilro-iilit in general, lint
-.v Kill not expect much from ho far hack lu
jiiriil ilintrictas "Cow precinct."
Theoretically I run in favor of railroa'U,
practically I mil not; that it, if roads wcro
liiiilt anil operated as thoyshould bo, on sound
limine" principles, nml just enough of tlii'in
f.ir tti.t nofiW i.f t riiiitiiwirt-iitinii. I would ru
i gard thorn an a liK'Mini'i hut an wo find them
to-day, tlm country throughout (with n low
ram exception.), thry urn n ciiimm to tlm com
iminity. Thin in putting it strong, hut it in
none tlm li-mt true. For instnticu, for tint I'a
ciflc Coast, if we hail hut iimi granil double
track trans-continental railro.nl, wiOU'iupl"il,
nftcr tlm in.iiiiiiir 01 the English railway, or
that of tho Pennsylvania roul, it uoulil canily
do tho huniui-mi, with a fc funlnrit, for the
entire country. A for, Oii-gmi, a few bwal
Hum connecting with the ocean ami Columbia
river, cachownr-d anil operated independently,
or, better yet, hy tho government, ami a
k'uwU linn to connect with tho train-continental
would ho sullieieiit for tlm mods of our
State many mid many yiarn to conin These.
if built and m-iiingnd on iiouiiil limine pnn.
ciplcn, and controlled by Uw, ho an to brine,
but a fair leturn on tlm capital iuvmtl, all
would Hintf praium, and there would be no
war, or rumor of war, ngainsl railroad'.
t Hut, a a matter of fact, how do we find
fttoirr! In thn first place, there arc vastly too
many roaiN, and If nil of Mr. Villard's pro-
f jecU are completed, at well an tho other line
now building, Oregon will noon bo like a man
with a ten-aero farm buying a $1,000 .train
throahcr. In tho nee 1 place, they are built
on uimound principles, subsidized with hind
by tlm government, and the tock greatly in
flated or watered, and made to p.iy dividends
on capital it doeu't posucs. In thu third
place, tl.ey are controlled and operated in a
thicvUh and gambling manner. Kailioadn are
chiefly built for tho purpose of removing the
products of Jho country, and the farmer must
patronlo them indirectly, ut leant, whether
he would or not. And it is not right nor juit
in any hoiho of the wool for Block jobbers
And speculators to build roads indiscriini-
i'natcly through the country, whero they are
wanted mid nhcro they are not, operato tlicm
in an extravagant maiiiicr, and call on tl.e
farmer to foot thu bills, for foot them ho mint,
sooner or later.
When a boy I lived on tho baiikii of tho
Mississippi, fifty mile, fiom any railroad.
The farmers shipped their hoop-polos and
pumpkins, their wheat, corn, fruit, fat hog.
hand beef tocin vr llat-boat or .teambovt to
ffBt. Ljuis or Now Orleans, received fair prices
Ifor their prwlucU and were happy. Now
'fceru are three railroads in that country, ami
ot one steamboat whero theio were formerly
I
ten, freights and fans ro mucl liiglur,
inonov is scaicerand times harder than lor-
wcrly, and thecounty has n 8100,000 law suit
ou hand in regard to repudiating certain rail
road bonds which aro said to bo unlawful, and
which wcro voted to aid in tho construction of
the road. At tho clove of tho-war I removed
to Western Iowa and settled in Ida county,
100 miles from any railroad, but soon two
lines wore pushed across tho State, one going
80 miles south, and the other 40 miles north
of us, and wo wore left completely isolated.
Hut every body prospered cattle hod almost
.41 unfunded range, corn was always fifty
f trflKs per bushel, and other products in pro-
I 'fortion. No farms wore mortnagod nor any
Lrfannors badly in debt. Hut many were not
tj4tlsllod, longed forn railroad, for direct com-
munication with tho world, you know. And
nd at Ust, somo live years ago, they got it,
It and got it bad. A railroad branch of the
great "Northwestern" was built tluough the
middlo of the county. Today nearly every
quarter section has a family upon itj stock
UA irtisiiig is almost out of tho question) corn,
kySiihe great staple, averages about L'O cunts pur
WjjTjPtuihel, whoat 50 cents, and othor products iu
yl proportion. According to the Auditor's stste-
I roent. which was lately puoiisuuu, .leaujr
three-fourths of tho farms wore undor mort
ge, many so hoavily onoumbored they cau
never be redeemed. A few years ago an antb
monopoly movement was gotten up, and un
der iU Ufluenop a law was enacted by tho
" State Legislature fixing a uniform freight and
pasiengcr tariff on all tno raiiroaus, wmcii
w1aUaU discriminating between points.
ThiUw waa both wise and just, and was a
Vi great benefit to produo.rs, and although it
lV ill til A A JLl mri D wyrr ? '"
' ' - - " "'
had thn eficct of lowering freights fully one
third, the railroad magnates mJimittcd t'i it
like littlo turn. Hut, lo I when tho LegiHla
turn convened, sumo four years after with
tho grand old Krptihhcan pirty iu tho major
ity, in the ratio of about Tuir to ono tho way
in which that law was repealed was a uiutiou
lo tinners. And from tint day to this no
memb r hai had the audacity to prnposn tho
ro enacting; of so ohnnxirnis a incuHitre for fear
of being designated "firangcr," with hrfy seed
nr other viln things in his hair. Ill tho moan
time, tho old discriuiiuatini; and unjust rates
am ru istah1ihcd, mid, lo all appearances,
will no remain. And thu Itcpuhlirtni banner
still waves. I'nilroa Im havo proved too ex
peinivo a luxury for Iowa farmers. Now,
look at California, thu whole Stain virtually
under the control of a single corporation, with
the power to discriminate between any points,
and ruin tlm piosprcts of any merchant, busi
ness tlrm. industrial enterpriso of anv kind,
or uven a whole town of community who daru
nay miirht ngainsl it. And under existing
eirrumstnneiH. it is as utterly impossible for
its agricultural community to help themselves
as for a rich man to pass through the eye of n
neodlo, or a camel to enter tho kint'dom of
heaven. Now. what is trim of California,
Iowa and Illinois, will, when Mr Villard's
plans am coii'timmateil, ! titiu of Orcg"ii, or
else facts aro not fact WVon our jirojpcti-d
roads aru all finished, tho prosperous days for
tlm Ore.'on farmer will bo gone, never tore,
turn. Tlm bargu lines on thu Mississippi (vou
see thev aro going back to first principles
there) willacausu tonnagn tn bo so low iu tint
direction, and tho multiplicity of r.niboads,
with tho enormous watered tock to pay div
idends upon, will cauu it to be so high here,
that the Oregon farmers will htand about tho
fame hIihw as a negro at an election (in a
Democratic precinct) a few yiars henco, un
less tho people arousu to their interest,
which thev will not do All tho roads and
telegraph lines ill tho land will bo subject to
tho control, ho far as freight is concerned, of
a single manngemrnt, who will fix rates as
absolutely ns the 1'opo dictates doctrines to
tlm latliolic Church. Anil lngrei ami an
Stnto legislature will old and abet them
Whtt .Stanford, Dillon and Huntington havo
done for California, flould, Vanderbilt. Vil
lard and others of like proM'iisities will do
for Oregon. Wcrrt railroad building stopped
and wo go back to first principles enough to
Improve our rivers and harWs and establish
a merchant marine, tho nation would 1m) much
better otr. Of course, there aro somo branches
of business that railroads will improve. Hut
I havii written of tho community in general.
In a short article it is impossible to give the
ml jeet the attention it should have, ho 1 havo
merely touched on a few points. Hoping you
may too fit to give it space iu your valuable
paper, I will suhscriha myself very respect
fully, J. II. Aumicii.
UK.MAKK.H.
Mr. Aldrich, iu his able communication,
gives tho experience of tho countries ho has
lived iu, ami concludes wo shall feel tho same
here. His views coincide with our editorial
in this bsuo asking, "Is Competition Tossi
blu !" Wo arc glad to havo so speedy an as
sent to our opinions on this htibject.
Wo know littld of Mr. Villard's methods,
and whatever they may lie, all tho people caro
for is to havo necessary transportation at
reasonable rates. Tho 0. 11. & N. Co. is
planning and building a perfect system, and
look to tho rapid development of thu country
to support it. This community has the benefit
of such construction, and has tho jowcr to
control tho franchises it bos granted, so we
don't see what difference it makes who builds
our roads, nor any reason to condemn them iu
advance. If wo haven't confidence in our
selves, wo ought not to havo any roads.
What tho above says about California is all
true, but even there tho ptoplo havo revised
their State Constitution, and assumed arbi
trary control of all railroads by a commission
of their own election. A commission elected
by tho popular vote coutiols those roads to
day. Toe reason wo so earnestly favor tho
opening of tho Columbia river is because we
soa the necessity of cheap. water transpor
tation, Mr. Aldrich writes well and with forco.and
if all thu farmers of Oregon had his clear
head, tlieru would bu little chance- for any
railroad monopoly to oppress the people.
QOOD WOBDB IN QOOD BEABOW.
We get many encouraging and kindly let
ters fiom peoplo who appreciate the effort we
make to furnish tho farmers of the Pacitlo
Northwest with a useful journal, and to lin.
efit thorn to tho extent of our ability, but it is
seldom that any ono fathoms our views and
motives so fully, and accords us tho measure
of praise we try hard to d.servo so pleasantly
and earnestly, as does the writer of the fob
lowing letter, who is known and respected
far and noar. While wo aro anxious to have
friends, it is more than ordinarily satisfactory
to count among our friends such Christian
voterani as Kldor Sweeney. If we deserve tho
good opinion of such men, wo can go ou work
ing with more hopn and oonfidenco,
Walla' Walla, Feb. 17, 1882,
Editor Willamette Farmer I
I am exceedingly well pleased with the
Fakhkk. I never for a moment fear its being
road by fatniliu. It is the clear unmistakable
PORTLAND, OREGON,
advocate of what is right and proper, and al
ways iu very chaste and well selected Ian
guigo. The sons and daughters of farmers,
who patronizo tho Pakmkr, will grow no in
telligent men and women. Your "Corner"
for tho children is admirable. If parcntu only
knew what a factor thcro is in the real, pract
cal education of their children, tho Faiimkh
would have the widest circulation of any pa
per on Ibis coivt. The children who attend
school six months in tho year, and who read
tho Fakmkii all the year, will grow up with.
much better practical education, and will
havo a far letter general intelligence than
they would gain by lcing in school all the
time without tho paper. Your views of mo
nopolies aro certainly correct equal and sim
ple justice to all men. Mr. Villard ha done
much for this upper couutry in the way of de
creasing freight. Kvery reduction in freight
is adding to the prico of wheat at home.
When tho railroad shall have been finished to
Portland, I have no doubt tho freight will he
again reduced. Mr. 1-Mitor, wo would like
your views on tho TarifTquestion for the in
struction of your readers. You are not anked
to show us your political views of tho subject.
Our political policy is : tho hrt mm for office
whether Hepuhlican or Democrat. Hut tho
Tariff question is not clear to somo of us. It
seems to mo that it was right in tho days of
our Republic to protect our home industries,
until wo could get a good start and bo able to
live, but the continuance of mi sh protective
tariff for a great length of time results in a
great monopoly. It also teems to inc that a
tariff ut all is necessarily clasi legislation
licnefits a few works against tho many. Hut
give us Wif, not politics. Once nsore. Look
over your old filu of papers, and republish
many good things, for you have manynew
readers now,' and tho old ones have forgotten.
Succcis to the Faumkk. Trulv. Ac.,
A. W. SWKE.NKr.
Letter from Tangent.
Tanhknt, Linn Co., Or., Feb. U, 1SS2.
Kditor Willamette Fanner :
I will send you a few items from this place,
which you may uso as you sco fit. Tho
weather for tho past week Iias been quite
stormy, with rain, w ind and miow, so there
is no farm work goiug on. There has been a
good deal of sickness in the neighborhood this
Fall ami Winter, typhoid fever principally.
Thcro was ono death, a son of Mr. K. L.
Hryan, ou Monday, the Cth instant. Peoplo
are generally pretty well at present. Tho
officers of Tangent Orango were installed on
Saturday, January 28, by Worthy State
Deputy It. K. Irvine, John Luper, Master,
and J. II. Scott, Secretary The Grauge met
iu open session. The hall was well filled, thcro
being many visiting members from neighbor
ing Granges, and many who wore not mem
berg. Installation ceremonies being over, all
repaired to tho lower hall, where thcro were
two long tables filled with good things for tho
huugry, which every body seemed to partake
of with much satisfaction. Dinner over, the
Grange was called to order, and tho pro
gramme of the evening announced by the
Master, Mr. Super, the Declaration of Pur
poses of Patrons of Husbandry was read by
Mrs Scott, of Samtridge Grango, after which
the Worthy State Deputy addressed the
Grango for nearly an hour, after which several
speeches wcro mude by visiting members of
tho Order. Tangent Grange is in a properous
condition.
Professor Kmcry preached to a large con
gregation at this place last Sunday, many be
ing present who seldom attend church, ex
pecting to see a young couple married after
service was over, but went away sadly diap
pointed. Hut in the evening the Professor
and a few of tho friends of the youug bride
groom wore iuvited to the residence ot Rev.
T. A. Moses, and thore and then were united
in the holy bonds of wedlock Mr. William
Jenks and Miss Susan Moses; and may they
havo a long and happy union of prosperity.
This ceremony being over, all partook of a
splendid repast, and so endod the enjoyment
of the day. John Dim-ek.
Obituary.
Kuoknk City, Feb. 15, 1882.
Ulysses Grant Potter was born -in Lane
county, Oregon, November 27, 1867. and died
February 10, 1882. He waa dedicated to God
by pious parents in his infancy, and grew up
an obedient and dutiful son. Ho waa a great
lover of Suuday school, and always had a
strong desire for meutal and religious culture,
and at the time of his death had been work
iug hard on his father's farm preparatory to
commencing a course of study at Eugene
City. His death resulted from a fall caused
by tho lines breaking while engaged in plow
ing, letting him fall backward on his head,
I. D. Dbivkb.
Hanish humors and reiuviorato the stom
ach, liver and bowels with King of the Blood
see advertisement.
' T
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1882.
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1 Oregon, ao liertDV ctriny mmi me lore-
BEAU eoing- Is correctly compiled from tho
I rivnnli An A! III U1V DfllOA. Ill Wlt-
nrsa vt hereof, I have hereunto set rur hsntl and afflxeJ
thodreat Seal of the But of Oregon.
llono it the Capital at Salem this the 10th day of
lobruary, A. I. 1SW2. R. P. EAKHART,
Secretary of Stat. ,
Married.
At the residence of the bride's parents, near
Farmingtou, W. T., February 7, 1882, by Rev.
J. S. Rhoads, J. T. Arrasmith and Miss Adelia
Finch, all of Whitman county, W. T.
At the residence of Mr. Albert Baker, near
Irving, February 14th, by A. C. Jennings, J,
l' Mr. Joseph Baker and Miss Rebecca A.
Walters, all of Lane county, Oregou.
A cormupondknt writing from Colfax, W,
T., February 13th, says
The weather haa been quite cold and disa
greeable for more than a month, the snow
averaging six or eight inches in depth, being
in deep drifts in many places, inconveniencing
travel very muck.
III fll-s f ? ? ?4f a3 ? s rss
pttSJJ'gls.?85-SSfis8Sit.Sa5i.Sii2 12
-'Vi-J-V-' jr flOIV fl'jsltft'-'
HA
ORCHARDS.
NUMBER IV.
Having shown at some length, though in a
cursory way, what locations are desirable,
what varieties of fruit thrive with us, and how
trees are to be planted out and cultivated, we
wind np the subject for the present by show
ing the usos for fruit and the prospect for
profit in growing and curing it.
Of course, there will always be a limited,
home market; limited to some extent, as is
our home market for wheat and wool, bnt far
exceeded by our capacity to produce. With
the world for onr customer, we mut study
what the world wants and wilt pay for.
The home market and California demand
for late keeping fruit will reqnire a great
quantity of very choice varieties of every kind
of fruit, snd'our cities and towns will alwavs
import early fruits from the South. Besides
this market from what we may oil home
countries, there will nlso be a demand for
shipment Kast. The mining districts of Mon
tana nnd Idaho will become productive when
railroad construction makes it easier to work
them. These mine will probably astonish
tho world, and should call for a larce working
population in th near future. Such a com
munity always offers a food market for choice
fruit. Wo lately copied from a Montana
journal that treated of this very subject.
That paper asured our people that they
would need immense quantities of our fruits
and vegetables. We can count on a reliable
demand from that direction for all time.
Eastern cities will require more fruit than
we can supply, unless we begin to make or
charding a scientific study. California is look
ing East for consumers for their already im
mense fruit product, and they are planting
out enormously the present year, encouraged
by success already gained. We have a great
advantage in the superior flavor and richness
of tho fruit growp in this climat. While
California fruits are good, ours are better.
While California boasts of very large fruit.
ours are large enough, and the quality is so
superior that they would hardly be realized
as the same. Fruit grown near Salem, in the
hills, we have compared with the same varie
ties brought from elsewhere, and shown them
to be much superior. Take a Bartlctt pear
grown here, and it will be exquisite in flavor,
and delicious in all respects, while a Cali
fornia pear will be larger and look well, but
will be coarser in texture ?nd flavor.
Take our apples, pears, cherries, plums and
prunes, and they attain the highest perfection
in every respect; and when the world has the
opportunity to patronize us, all these facts
will be fully appreciated. We have eaten
very fine peaches brought from California, but
we never ate as good peaches in California, or
brought from there, as we received last Fall,
of the Early Crawford variety, from S.
Luellinc. of Milwaukie. This is not a reliable
peach country, but when wo do grow them,
they possess all the flavor our climate can im
part. So far as excellence is concerned we
cannot be excelled, and oyr region has also a
certainty of production that is important to
the orchardist.
We look upon canning and drying fruits as
a field without limit, where we can command
all the reputation we are entitled to. In this
line we consider plums and prunes will be
always profitable, because we have a certainty
of production that exists in very few coun
tries, and because our fruits possess flavor
without superior. Here we are able to speak
from experience. Last Summer we began to
have fruit from an orchard five years old, and
erected a dry house so as to prepare it in the
best manner. The dried fruit we now have
the family consider superior to their best
canned fruit, and we realize how excellent
fruit can be made by drying it with care and
skill. At the rate we sold this fruit, we real
ized $2 a bushel for the green fruit, and after
allowing a fair price for the work of gathering
and drying, we can have fully $1 SO per
bushel net.
But you will say ; If we send our fruit all
over tho world and enter into competition
with California, we must sell at lower prices
than where we merely put a little choice fruit
on the homn market. Let us see, then, what
it will cost to gather and dry plums. With
a large orchard and dryer so as to work to
best advantage, we believe fruit can be gath
ered and dried, and packed in plain shape, for
3 cents per pound for the dried product; and
if we sell at 8 cents, and get 5 cents net, that
will be GO cents forthe green fruit on the tree,
That is a low estimate all round, and on that
estimate wo propose to plant out fifty acres of
trees. Dried apples and pears yield only one
pound in eight or nine, while prunes yield one
in three, and pitted plums one in four. The
great profit in plums and prunes consists in
this fact, and the further fact that while they
are in good demaad. tho presenoe of the
curculio in most countries U fatal to them.
NO.
3.
Plums have grown for thirty years here, and
no curculio has ever been known in' Califonift
or Oregon.
There are, of course, some varieties that
will not pay to grow, because they are poof
bearers, or tender trees, or do not make good
dried or canned products. Las week WeT
enumerated the varieties that we plant, arid
sometime will try to go particularly into thai
subject.
Peara.do superbly with ns, and a few relia
ble varieties have especial value. Some think
pears will pay well to ship green, and also to
can. They yield so little when dried that
other fruits will pay better, but for canning
or shipping green they may bo very valuable.
If some orchardist will give us a list of
fruits of all kinds best adapted to this region,
we shall be much obliged.
Remedy for Chicken Cholera.
Editor Willamette Fanner:
Noticing an article from Mrs. H. E. Cooper"
in your paper some time since, decribing
disease amongst her chickens. A correct diag
nosis cannot be made from the description
givsn, as the disease is of such a character
that it would require an expert to make
post mortem examinatiop, The disease il
probibly tuberculosis (consumption) or gre-
ganna. Consanguinity is a very fruitful
source in producing consumption among poul
try. As a rule, there is very little attention
paid to the infusion of new blood into tho
flocks, which is very essential in producing
birds of good constitution. Gregarina is ft
parasitic disease extremely infectious; when
once introduced in'o the yards it is very difll'
cult to eradicate. Symptoms of each disease)
is very similar, dullness, (inking of the head
ruffling of the ' plumage, unsteady gait,
diarrhrea, vomiting of a yellow mucus, and
extreme emaciation. Post mortem appear
ances consist chiefly of tubercles or nodule
seen all over the viscera, varying in size, and
has a peculiar cheesy appearance. The Gre
garina nodules are more distinct from itur
rounding tissues han are the cheesy masses of
tuberculosis.
Treatment : Separate the birds that aro '
ailingfrom those that are well, and thoroughly
cleanse the roosting place, drinking and feed"'
ing troughs, also use disinfectants freely, sucn
as lime, carboho acid, sulphate of iron, eta.
To the wsll birds give a variety of feed, also
put a teaspoonful of sulphate of iron in tho
drinking water to every fifty chickens twice aV
week, also infuse new blood of some hardy
fowls. J. WmiTCOMBs".
Revenue and Tariff Reform Hecessary.
How to adjust the revenue and revise tho
tariff to suit the circumstances of the nation St
a question Congress is wrestling with, and
handles with difficulty. We raise too mnck
money and pay off the national debt so fast,
that in a dozen years there will be no debt.
It is proposed to take the revenue off many
articles of common -consumption. It is potU
tively necessary to re-adjust the tariff, be
cause some manufacturers have outgrown it,
and have become odious monopolies that aro
an unjust tax on the people. Theae favored
interests are so rich that they can raise a fund
of millions to prevent legislation; different ia
terests combine their forces to defeat anjr
tariff reform. To defeat all efforts to reform
the tariff suits those who grow rich under tk
present scale of duties. It is not easy to ac
complish the needed reform in ourreveMf
system, but we happen to be the only natio
in the world troubled with too much revenue1.
History of Woman's Boffrace.
We hare received from S. A. Wells Co.,
753 Broadway, N. Y., a large and handsoaae)
volume with the above title, forwarded to a
by Mrs. Duniway. The editors are Elizabeth
Cady Stanton. Susan B. Anthony and Matild
J. Gage, distinguished leaders Si the move
ment. As the preface states, the object of
the work is to put into permanent shape tho
facts relating to the woman suffrage move
ment and furnish all existing information re
lating to the subject. The collection, of per
sonal sketches and private reminiscences give
interest and value to the work, which con
tains handsomely executed portraits of maly
leading women who have devoted their live
to the cause. There is a great deal of current
history in the volume. It will be interesting
reading for all intelligent people, and pos
sesses especial interest for the advocates of
Woman 'a Suffrage. The cause gains in char
acter as well as members every year and W
may look to see it made popular issue before
the present generation go off the stage. We
do not know the cost of this volune, (wUek
seems a complete history to the present time,
but is Vol. 1,) but anyone interested can lenrn
from Mrs. Duniway.
Garrison is a public beaefaator, because he
sells better sewing machines for lees money
than has ever been done in Oregon before, tf
i-e'i"
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