Willamette farmer., February 17, 1882, Page 4, Image 4

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Thibltcatlon Office:. No. 6 Washington Street, up
Jsirs, rooms No. t ami Mi
Kew Yokk has no legislative session tins
Winter. Democrat were in the majority,
bat little h mdful of Tammany men lin.l the
easting vote and they required too much to
be given to themselves to suit cither the rcg
tilar Democracy or the Republicans, so the
Houie was never organized. After a month
or two of idle-assembling and adjourning,
both Houses adjourned tint tiir.
CoRBEsroXl'F.ST.-. must reinen.ber and put
their names to letters as well as articles in
tended for publication. Hardly a week pauses
but what we receive letters with some import
ant part of the letter omitted. It is essential
to always have the postotlice address and m rit
tt't name. In ordering paper chahged, be
are and give the old address as well as new.
The town of Pendleton, Umatilla cmnty,
needs room to spread, and its natural location
la across the Umatilla on the Indian reserva
tion; so Senator Slater has introduced a bill in
Congress that provides for sale of 640 acres of
reservation land, after it is cut up into lots
and surveyed as a town s.te, it is to be ap
praised and sold at auction, the proceeds of
the aale to be used for the support of an in
dustrial school on the Umatilla reservation.
Tnx San Francisco Produce Exchange was
talking of starting "wheat calls," as they do
in Chicago, when the Merchant's Exchange
comes out ahead of them in the same line and
wheat calls arc to initiate at San Francisco a
system of gambling on products of the earth.
That community must haTc some gambling
derice at work by w hich the rich are to grow
richer and the poor poorer. How long it will
be before grain gambling shall commence in
Oregon is the next question.
OVER speculation has brought a financial
crisis on the capitals of Europe, and many
who have gjne wild into speculation are
ruined. There is reason to fear some trouble
of the kind in the United States. We haTe
increased our importations and decreased our
xports, owing tj the failure of crops in 1S81.
Jf our nation escapes a panic during the year
to come it will be a wonder. Such a panic
as 1873 brought would leave us high and dry
0 far as completion of our railroad system is
concerned.
General Bidwkll, of Chico, Cal., has an
immense ranch and grows fruit on a laree
scale. Last year he sold over two million
pounds fruit, equal to one thousand tons. We
don't advise any ot onr readers to go into
fruit-growing quite so extensively as he does,
but we believe tha,t according to their rmans
they will find it just as profitable. His peach
trees averaged 150 pounds of fruit and his
plum trees over 200 pounds. One single cher
ry tiee yielded over 900 pounds.
OCR friend S. S. Train has commenced the
publication of a paper at the thriving town of
Harrisburg, which he calls the Drtminator.
If desirous uf disproing Solomon's assertion
that there is "nothing new under the sun,',
the name will do it. Mr. Train is capable of
making an interesting and valuable newspa
per, and we wikh him success. If he realizes
his conviction that Harrisburg is a g..od point
for journalism, he will do what several others
could not, but the third effort is to succeed,
so uys the old maxim.
Mbh. Lincoln is certainly in poor health,
and said to be haunted with the idea that she
will come to want, though she is said to have
over $50,000 in government funds a.id a peti
tion of 83,000 a year. Her sou Robert is
greatly opposed to her efforts to secure more
id from Congress. She is almost blind, and
ptheiwise tuliers and requires very expensive
care and treatment. The relief proposed and
that recently passed, dates her pension back
to Mr. Lincoln's death, about five years, so
that she has about 15,000 by that means.
WlltAT has had a serious fall in the world's
markets witnin a week. Chicago rates may
be lowered by the advance in freights since
the railroad war ended, but San Francisco is
also lower. One tiling we can depend upon is
that wheat will not go much, if any, below
$1 CO a cent il at Portland, because farmers
Will not tuike less than that. Exporters will
oon load their ships and send olf their accu
mulation, which have been verv great, and
when they oiler to buy again farmers must
stand firm. Whatever English advices may
be, freights can be rnado to drop so ai to keep
wheat at $1 CO if the fanners who still hold
don't get stampeded. Thoee who hav? held
until now ought to lia a means and pluck to
"light it out on that line."
Multnomah Gjsanok, that meets at East
J'orllund, has lost two valuable members, both
,of them leading spirits and officers of the
Grange, whose death is a loss to the coininu
jiity,an well as to the Order, J. E. Stansberry
died last Fall- Ho was an old-time resident
of this county, and well known to old citizens.
JC, Woodbury, who died list wetk Friday,
was an excellent citizen and earnest Patron of
Husbandry. They both were buried with the
rites of the Order, and have gone to Eljsian
Fields, wo tiust, to practice in the ages of
eternity the good qualities that distinguished
them on earth. Mr. Woodbury camo here
from Minnesota about six year ago, but in
the years he lesideel in Oregon was fully iden
tfilod with our interests.
Wk arc under obligations to Hon. M. C.
George for public docuniouts-alo a report of
the U. S. Ocological Survey for 1SS0.
Tlir. llrcftter' Gtttrttr of Chicago, under tho
editorial and business inanagcin -lit of J. 11.
Sanders, who used to conduct tho Xatlotml
LUt Mode Journal, at the cud of the first two
month of its publication, announces that it is
already on a pajing basis. It is ably cou
dueled and a valuable publication for stock
men. Price $3 a year.
Alaska claims attention of this Congress,
and sumo bill will probably be pas-cd to or
ganize a suitable government for that Terri
tory. Mr. Paul Schulzo, of Portland, was
before the Senate Committee on Territories
last week, in favor of the bill to organize a
civil government for Southeastern Alaska, in
troduced in both Houses by Congressman
George and Secretary Grovcr.
Wr. published, 1 .at week, the story of a
Polk county farmer who had been obliged to
quit sheep-raising betause his neighbor's dogs
made mutton of his flock, llie complaint
comes in every agricultural newspaper that we
receive that dogs kill sheep, and the necessity
of protecting au important industry by effi
cient legislation is very apparent. Just now,
on the eve of a general election, is a good time
to talk over this matter, and if any farmer has
an idea as to w hat sort of legislation can be
made effectual, we shall be glad A hear it.
Ocn readers probably know that for some
weeks or months past the four gnat railroad
lines that rule the business from Chicago to
the Atlantic seaboard have had a w ar of cut
ting rates, during which thos- "fiendish mo
nopolies" took wheat over 1,000 miles for
eight cent per hundred pounds for a short
while, but they have now coin promise-it their
differences, and have put the price up to
twenty ceuts. Eight c nts per cwt. is less
than five cents per bushel, and twenty cen's
is only twelve ceuts a bushel, so een now
freight is not unrcaiOiiably high on w heat and
corn, but the change has 1 ttcly knocked off
five cents a bushel on the value of w heat at
Chicago.
A MlflitfEliof horror will piss through the
hearts of the people of Oregon w hen tlv y
read this week's fearful story of the way the
man Brown, from Freeport, was entrapped
and deliberately murdered, last October, in a
den of prostitution in this city, ami his re
mains anchored in the Willamette river. That
makes us consider that whiskey was the cause
of this terrible crime. We legalize its sale,
and then we reap the harvest in such fearful
annals of murder. Abolish whisky and a 1
intoxicating liquors, ami that will give the
lowest order of humanity a chance to rise, and
will keep the better educated from falling
low. If there were no liquor, what excuse
would there be for gambling dens and prosti
tution ! Who would there be to fill jails and
almshouses! What would criminal courts and
police officers do ! If there is any millennium
coming, how the abolition of spirituous liquors
would hasten it !
I Gambetta, the most distinguished man in
France, went suddenly out of office as leader
of the Cabinet the other day, because he in
sisted on amending the constitution of France,
so as to adopt the American system of ballot
ing, by which all officers shall be voted for
as is the custom with us. The French
are not ready to adopt toj much re
form at once. Now we hear that the Glad
stone government in England is liable to go
down before the premiers demand that rules
of parliament shall be amended, so that
the tote ef a majority can shut off all debate,
which he finds nccesary to stop the obstruc
tive work of Parnell's Irish supporters. The
German people are dismayed at Bismark's as
scrtion in their parliament that the King is
source of all power, and that the popular as
sembly only meets to carry out his wishes.
Germany waits the coming of the time when
the Crown Prince wiil be Emperor, for he is
known to be liberal in views and doesn't like
iiismark.
The Central-Pacific Railroa 1 divides six pr
cent interest on all its stock that did not cost
a dollar. Not only so, but they had govern
ment bonds wih which they built the road
cutirtly, and they refute to pay tho full in
terest on these borrowed bonds. Not only so,
but they ibsued first mortgage bjndson w:.ich
they do pay interest, but these bonds are all
in their own pockets and they keep the inter
est, as they were not required to uso any of
these bonds in building the road. Nor is this
all ; government trave them ten of millions of
acres us a land grant, which they have to raise
small change fruin. Nor is this all, for hav
ing uow money enough to literally own Cali
fornia and corrupt the world, they use all
their ill-gotten wealth aud power to d-. feat
the building of any road to Oregon that can
become a potsible competitor in transporta
tion. It is no wonder that the nation is be
coming aroused on tne subject of anti-monopoly.
Oregon in tho Census
The census of 18S0, whose figures in part
relate to production in 1670. (rive the follow
ing figures as to values of Oregon agriculture:
Horses 50,780,233
Mub-s 212,774
Cows 2,047.130
Cattle 2,730,1)34
Sheep 1,817,002
Hogs 8s5,331
815,038,01)0
Farm products 14,377,021
The above statement is compiled from the
report of the U. S. Commissioner of Agricul
ture fur 1880. The stock enumeration was
made iu tho Spring of 1880, but the farm pro
ducts uf course are counted up from the pre
vious year, when Eastern Oregon raised very
little wheat and when rust haddimiuishc 1 the
value of the wheat crop of Western Oregon
fully 2,000,000, Tables showing tho above
facts were published in this paper fourteen
month) ago.
W ILLAMETTE FARMER; PORTLAND, OREGON, FKHR1IABY 17, 1882
FARMERS AMD THE FARMER.
We often wonder if our people appreciate
the enterprise we show in making them an
agricultural journal and the expense that we
incur in doing so. Eastern journals come to
pis in exc.lt.xngo that arc issued from the great
centers of population and reccne munificent
patronage. Those do not contain more read
me matter than the Willamette Farmer
does, though, no doubt, moro money is ex
ponded iu editing them. We venture to say
their publishers would be astonished to kimw
that we do what we do with less than one
tenth of the income they receive with five
times more money paid them for advertising
and twenty subscribi rs to our one. Yet we
hear of people who grumble, becauso it costs
more for subscription to this paper than it
does to some of the weeklies published iu
Now York or Chicago. Publishers here have
less circulation and pay higher wages and
in ire for paper. We succeed, becausu much
labor is done within our own family circle.
When the growth and development of this
region permits it the Willamette Farmer
will equal any agricultural journal we know
of, but as yet the condition of agriculture
does not call for the scientific effort that is
espcnde-el on the worn out soils of older
States. Our exchanges from such States are
devoted chiefly to questions and topics not
suited to a newer region where fertilizers are
little needed: where insect pests are compara
tively unknown, and the many diseases of the
animal and vegetable world have not yet ap
peared. Our needs and our expeiicnce have
smaller rango at present, but increase as time
passes, so the future will give us much more
of such matters to write about.
It really seems to us that this year we have
less uumber of contributions from farmers, on
farm topics, than in former year, and we
wonder if they have no experience to relate,
or whether they think they have worn out the
limited range of farm topics. It certainly is
possible to gie additional experience alout
grain fanning, which is the loading line of
production with us. Wool is the second
stapl -.and the importance of combining sheep
husbandry with grain farming we have often
presented. Stock interests are important, ami
we havo upheld this fact with much argu
ment, giving experience from various sources.
The utility of rotation of crops, at least to al
ternate meadows and pastures with wheat
fields, so as to sustain the fertility of the soil
for all time, is another matter we have dwelt
upon.
We have aked all who have experimented
in mixed farming to givo their testimony as to
results. We have written about truitcultuie
at considerable length, and have tried to
create a permanent ititerest iu planting or
chards throughout the land. We have made
especial allusion to growing, fattening and
curing pork, so as, at least, to keep out for
eign products. The dairy interest has not
been neglected by us, and tho busy bc has
had many a good notice. We have asked fur
information on all these points, but our paper
has gone to all the c irnera and centers of the
North Pacific region without much success,
so far as eliciting communications of late on
all these important topics is concerned, and
we con fen to disappointment that such is the
case.
Tie Willamttte Farmer goci East
through a wido part o.' North Amelica, aud
carries information about thii country to
thousands of ent renting readers who propose
to emigrate hither and make homes with us.
We therefore wish to receive all sorts of prac
tical informatisn concerning our products, soil
and climat'1, as well as concerning methods
followed, and the growth aud development of
the various sections of Oregon and Washing
ton ami Northern Idiho. We d not wish or
expect to publish exaggerated statements, or
desire only the glowing side of things, but
would like free, communications to cover all
the rai.ge of topics we have .alluded to, and
also to show how our country develops and
improves.
Friends who w ill furnish tho results of tlnir
experience and write up the characteristics of
the sections they live in, showing what thsy
can grow to advantage and their methods of
cultivation, as well as the extent of laud yet
open for homesteads, or of railroid or other
lauds offered for sale, will do us a favor, while
they will assist the settlement of their legion
for making such facts known.
Also the Farmer looks to its farmer friends
for assistance to secure greater circulation in
all neighborhoods, and we offer a good pre
mium for all such assistance. In all respect
we hopo to be mutua'ly scrvioi abhi to those
who are our patrons, and especially so to
thosn who i itercst themselves to advance our
interests, and we are happy to say that we are
gaitiiiiL' friends by such means.
RAILROAD EXTENSION SOUTH.
Tho subscribers of the Farmer in Southern
Oregon aro so interested in the prosecution of
railroad enterprises in that direction, that we
went to the offices of the Oregon and Cali
fornia Hailroad Compai.y on Tuesday to
inquire of Mr. R. Kohler, Vice-President of
the company, for news that he was willing to
offer for publication, and received from him
information that we condense as follows :
At tho present time the weather is so
stormy that it is not possible to push grading,
and only 100 Chinese ltborers are engaged on
the work near Itoseburg. When better
weather comes the company will put on as
many hands as can be obtained, and expect
10 get help from California. Thu combined
railroad work of tho Northwest will require a
great many men the coming season.
Contracts have been made with A, S. Mil
ler & Son for tho supply of timber and con
struction of the bridges required for thirty
three miles fcouth of Itoseburg, which includes
bridges across Myrtle creek and the 8-iutli
Umpqua,
Contracts for the manufacture of tlneu mil
lion feet of lumber, with privilegi of six mil
lions if rcqniied, are pending with reliable
panics at itoseburg, who will put mills on
Cow creek on the line of the r.sd, whew e
cellont timtxr en V had. AW, a mill is
erected, or to bo rrftd, t Mvftlo ovofV.
The company will spavoi no effort to m"01
every cmeigenc.y thst rn.y ariie providing
material in advanoo of tiefda.
At the present time four parlfes of survey
ors are in the field finishing the loo-ttion of
the line. One party is in the Wnd of Cow
crrck, in IVugla county, for it is decided
that the road shall follow the curve ot that
crvrk, though a conaidrra'dy longer diM-anc
A level route will compensate for the in
creased distance by saMiig heavy grades.
Another party is in tho IVw Crock hills, south
ot the can on, w hero engineering skill is re
quired to avoid long tunnels, yrtsomo t Illinois
will bo necessary theru and in the Grave
Ovvk hills, to avoid climbing heavy grades.
The third party is at work on tho Grave
Creek hills near .lump-Off .loo crook. Every
one who has traveled that region knows Iww
stt op and rou,;h those hills aro. Tho fourth
party is on the Siskiyou mountains, near the
California line.
Several tunnels will le needed to locate the
road to good advantage, and one ery for
midable one will lc required at the Siskiyou
Mountains.
The route must lie entirely located before
work can be pushed all along the lino. One
tutiii"! will require over a year to finish, and
as soon as it is definitely loca'.ed a strong
force will be put at work there.
Thu company d not expect to finish to tho
State line the present year, but hope to reach
Rogue River valley this year, and finish the
li ic in 1SS3. Rogue River pcoplu will be
"taken iu out of thu cold" this Fall.
The entire length of the road to b i con
structed from Redding to Itoseburg is 310
miles of which 170 miles will bo iu Oregon
and 140 miles in California, and it will bo
rough work all the way.
Tho Central Pacific folks say they will keep
pice wih the cllorts of the Oiogon Company,
and conned at or near the State line without
any delay. It wiil not be dillicult for them
to accomplish their share of the labor.
PLAIN TALK TO THE STALWARTS.
The following telegraphic dispatch will re
ceive endorsement from the great mass of
Americans, regardless of party. All of us
feel it, even if we do Hot have thu gift of
words to say it as forcibly as New hall docs:
New York, Fob. 11. -Thomas M. New
hall, in a cinl in t-day' Tribune, iu reply to
an attack by the New York CommrrtMl Ail
rtrtU'r in regard to the Cleveland Garfield
monument, uses the following langtngc: "All
uf you who glory in tho namo of rtalwarts,
and who took pirt in the villitication and
abuse of President Garfield last Summer, who
sought to control his official action or degrade
nr destroy his character and reputation, aro
rosponsili e for his murder. His blood is on
the garments of t e whole gang of von, and you
cannot wipe it off. You have lecn dealt with
verv tenderly touching your grave rcaiKinsi-
bility for this crime, but everybody knows
...... va riiiiUt' atsil M litatl it Vnilf-iid . Its
VUU Alt' Ku'"Jl his, s.sviutosii,isi(
your innermost souls. It was your abuse and ,
denunciation that "inpired" Gui'eau to re-
move tho President as a political necessity.
and you will not lie permittee miicii longer to .
uo.n oiu ... ..-. .-.. j...,. .......... . .....v...vv ..
tuntion froni them by raising the dust around
the heels of Blaine, by throwing mud at S.ier
man, or heaping ridicule on me. Your crime
was not merely the murder of a nun, it was
the transfer of government by a murder to thu
hands of a faction of the party, which, if tho
question could have been submitted to the
people at the time it was done, would not
havo received ono vo'e in a thousand. Ono
would think that with such a fast hanging
over your heads in the clear daylight of public
knowledge you would have sensit enough,
though destitute of all decency, to enjoy the
leasu of power tho assassin gave you, while
tho law a lows, without persist-mtly vil.ifyi ig
the ch iscn friends ami associates of your vic
tim, who was the nat'on's choice. Why, you
are the most stupid fool" in the world to keep
on provoking discussion of these old matters.
You stand as acknowledged criminals, as
morally resj.onsiulo for and guilty of (Airfield's
murder; but against jnu, on account of jour
friends and the goad name of the community,
prosecuting witnesses aro loth to proceed.
P.ut when you treat mercy as cowardice, nnd
to guilt add inaoleuco and defiance, you aro
no longer entitled to forbearance. So now- if
you want reconsideration aud full discussion
of the whole subject, proceed with your
abuse."
Wheat on Snake River.
The editor of tho htiwisinn AVws writes
from Almota :
Great improvements have been made at
Alpowai since our last visit. Siloott's ware
house at that point lias been enlarged by the
addition of permanent sheds on cither side of
tho buildine; a film, new, largu warehouse lias
been built, and thuse buildings, together with
n temporary shed on tint beach, are full of
wheat. Sparks' warehouse atSteptoo canyon
is fill of wheat awaiting shipment. Thtro is
also a large amount of wheat from Headman
county at Kelley's warehouse, and teams
loaded with wheat were camped on tho tablo
land, which is connected with tho warehouse
on the river by a grain chute. An addition
had als' been made to this warchouto, la-t
Fall, to accommodate grain. McConn II t
Co'a grcit waiehouso at Wawaiwai has re
ccntly been enlarged by the ad lition of an h
wing, This is the largest warehouse on Snake
river, thu dimensions of the original building
being 140x10 feet. Twcnty-fivo hundred tons
of flax aro stored here, nearly tho whole of
which was raise'd in Idaho.
Powder River VaUey,
A correspondent of tho Weston LtmUr
writes as follows:
The valley is about 3,000 feet abovo tide
water, contains 240 square miles, quite luvel.
Streams rush down thu mountain sidu and
circlo o'er the plain to tho west. Timber
hovers on tho verge of tho valley, making
lovely Summer retreats in grots and groves,
by sylvan founts and rustiu lakes. This is
ono of the important valleys in the county.
The principal point is Raker City. Wo also
have the nucleus of a village christened Pow
der Mills, This spot is looking up like n toad
at an angler, aud chuckling over the idea of
being a speck of significance on the railroad,
A few miles south is Wingvillc, noted for its
dearth of saloons, its educational and church
privileges. Thu pcoplu aro generous, liospit
able and magnanimous, Pocahontas couches
over against tho mountain; it wasonco aplucu
of considerable size. Like all mining towns,
its decay wus as rapid as its growth, A few
good claims lie at tho foot of thu mountains;
the gold is worth ?18 per ounce,
ORCHARD.
NUMtlKH 111.
We haxe dicuaaed fruit-growing, so far,
with ageocial view as to tho most favi.rable
looM'ons for planting orelmda, and tho sari
tics of fnuta host adapted to our climate and
soil. The lima is at hand when tree-planting
ahould he done; and whenever the weather
clear up and the ground gets in g.tod coudi
tion to work, those who intend to plant trees
will commence. So we will in this number
consider the boat season in which to sot out
trees, a id the boat way to do it.
Sonio ors ago wo planted out a great
many trees in March, and thoy did tolerably
well. We et out trees sgain, two years after
wards, and made an effort to get them all
tiatiapiantcd Wforc Christmas It was No
vember when thu work was dono, and a storm
came on loforo the work was all finished,
Not caring to set trees out when the anil was
muddy and the ground would work liko mor
tar, we heeled down the remaining trees, and
never found time and weather suit our occa
sion again until March, and then wo discov
ered that th trees that had boon heeled down
had hundreds of tender rootlets snt out, sev
eral inches long, and concluded that iu the
case of tho planted trees, all thono rootlets
were permanent growth, while in the trees
that we had to take up and ro plant, tho ten
dcr shoots would perish and havu to bo
thrown out anow.
Such is probably tho case in all our Win
ters, and in a mild Winter like the present
ono especially, trees well set out in the Fall
aro sure to make their growth dining the
Winter, and so are prepared to take au early
start in tho Spring; also, when the ground is
packed down with tho Winter rains, tho roots
aro firm iu the soil and better able to with
stand any dry aoason that may follow, and
w ill make giowth to corrisiond. Wo can go
today to that orchard and show the dillcr
enco in tho trees, for tho ones that were
planted in thr Fall have always made tho host
showing; but pcrhipa that was duo to
another reason wo will p occcd to give.
We have noti.'od iu setting out young trees
that in th- bills of Marion county a grey in
sect, or small beetle, would do miscliief by
I eating the heart out of tender buds, and o
keep back growth. If a tree makes a late
start, these little pc1" will actu illy keep it
stri, p d, and it may b years before it geU a
good start. A tree planted so ar to start its
buds in aeisou and make a quick growth, will
get ahead of these hugs ami prtitrct iUelf,
while a tree that sends out late alioota wil
suffer severely in fact won't make auy
growth at all. Wo finally killed the bugs off,
ono at a time, by going to each tree aud
crushing tho last ono of them, which was teili
ous enough with thousands of trees, but
proved effectual, and li the only ami the
chcapcat way to got rid of them,
Whilu It seems advisable to set out trees in
Oc,tolcror November if you can, tho general
. !
testimony is that to plant in hebrtiary. or
even in April, will answer, if they aro well
n tended to. Some ouo onco told us of an
, , , u.a , ,Uv Mr iVoklcr.
near Uuttovillo, Marion county, over thirty
years ago. Hu had procured the trees and
heeled them down, but liiVcr planted them
out until June, and by that time they had all
sprout- d to lea'; hu". they made a aplundid
grow tli, as it wail a very moist season. Feb
ruary to tho last of April is the ttmo trees are
usually sot out with us, and wo can tako itfor
granted that they will do well if set out dur
ing any part of the early Spring.
The first trees we ever planted was iu ISM;
wu dug holes, and we remember that the big
ger the holes wo havo seen dug the worse for
thu future tree In Ib'tl wu set out 1,000
trees, with instruction from the nurse rytuuti
to plaut-thcm a little lower than thy stood
when in thu nursery. That instruction was
followed to such disadvantage that the trees
lost one or two year' time iu adjusting them
su've.s to circumstances. In 1877and lS78uu
Bet out trues aaiu, with tho assistance of W,
II. Simpson, who gave his experience long be
fore in tho Waldo hills. Wu followed his ad
vice; mcr-ily plowed out dead furrows for the
lines of trees, and then, by his advice, sot
them so that they would be two inches higher
at tho collar than when iu tho nursery. Wo
planted them tint way on top ot a high hill
of red soil, plowed twico towards the trees,
and ielievo that that orchard to day has no
cqud iu Oregon. From a siuglu tree, three
years old, we took last Summer over a bushel
Heine Claude plums. The growth of the trees
was enormous, though they weru not forced
by cultivation.
Our way to plant trees, as thus described,
is simply to plow tho ground as deeply as
possible; leave dead I arrows where trees mo
to stand in row and plow them duep, so that
they will servo for under drains ; plow
towards and hill up against the trees aftei
thoy are s t out high, iu tlu dead funows,
aid plow and harrow twico a season, letting
tho list harrowing be the first week in July,
Have a man take a heavy hoo somo time iu
June ami stir thu ground and kill all the
weeds about every tree. This last is so im
portant that if you omit to dig about a tree
you will soou see that it complains of neglect
by comparison with its neighbors.
tlefuru wu commenced orcharding wo read
and obaerved, gutting ux'perieucu from Cali
fornia as well as from Oregon fruit growers,
and counludud that plums, prunes and Hart
lett pears would do well fourteen feet apart.
Among pears the Bartlott is a slow vrower,
and never makes a largo trcu. Trees should
shade thu ground, and in a largu orchard
piuniig should cut back and strengthen thu
limbs so that thoy can hold up tho fruit thoy
atu 1 1 bear. Fern among trees dous no harm,
and it cools the soil in Summer, Plant
nothing iu an orchard, but duvoto it to
orchard; keep thu soil loosu and stirred.
Don't plow after July, so as to keep thu nap
up and trcei growing. Lot tho wood grow
rapidly and mature early, so that it can muliu
i s fruit buds without interfering with naturu
in that busy tiiuu, With wood well mature I
iu August and Hetptembrr, your trees will not
mind Whiter frosts, nor will your fruit buds
bo so tender that anything can easily injure
them. Trees wliitor-klll easily when culti
vated too much,
DRAINAC1E.
Mr. M. W. Walker furnishes thn Albany
lltmUl with an article on Draining, etc., from
which wo tako the following!
As them ia being Introduced Into Linn, as
well as other counties of our State), a device
for making drains which seems to offer a solu
tion of tho problem of cheap drainage for our
lands; and believing that many, and perhaps
most persons Interested, are not fully swsre
ot tho conditions wliie.li exist, slid tho princi
ples by which wo must bo guided If wo would
bo suro of attaining thu best results, and
which, if neglected, will result iu failure, or at
best givo very misntisftotnry results and bring
iindei draining into a dlsroputti that It dors
not deserve, 1 desire, through your uoluntns,
to givo to the farmers of Y"r county, as well
as others, my ideas and observations,
Wn find tho lands of much of thn Willam
otto valley to consist of two very dissimilar
kinds of soil one a light, porous ami almost
self-draining soil, tho other a hard, clayty
soil, through which water percolates very
slowly. I beliovo this latter to bo tho sub
stratum of all our lauds, especially in those
sections where thn so-called "white lands" are
found, over which tho first mentioned, porous
toil hss been deposited. Where these soils
join together a line which is generally pret
ty clearly defined will bo found tho places
which most require aud which will be most
benefitted by draining, as they will ho found
wet and swampy after tho principal part of
b ith soils is sufficiently dry to cultivate. This
is mote esjieeially tho ease along the margins
of swales or ponds, and which being naturally,
fioin existing circumstances the first places
that will bo drained, aro the ones now special
ly ibni Hiding consideration. 'Ill" evident
cause of this is in thn fact - fur so 1 havo fre
quently found it by actual eiamluation -that
w!nli the surface of the upper Junius soil
slopes oil' towards the white lau I, the wliltt
luid will b found sloping in the other direc
tion, and thereforo forms a dam or barrier,
which holds the water from running off until
it la evaKirati-d from the ground. It is a com
mon and necessary practice to have a eonid
erabb) hm-ii ditch ti carry off tho surfaco wa
ter during draining times, but this falls to ac
complish much draining anything more than a
narrow atrip along its margin.
Running drains at right amtlei from the
porous soil through the white laud will not b
of very much aail unless said drains aro fre
quent and quito near toethoe, A much mors
effectual plan will bo to trace the lino of the
whita land at such depth as it may he dotirtd
to lay the tite.a'oug which line the drain may
bo mads, with such occasional transverse linss
1 1 tho ditch iu the center as may be nrsesuary
to keep the pipes from being overfilled.
A given amount of drain tiling will be. found
to le much mora effectual if laid in this man
ner than in any other, as the water percolat
ing along through tho porous soil near to tba
surface of the white land will bo speedily
drawn off, instead of remaining in tho soil
until evaporated.
tiw Hi1 iiai we11
K WOOLEN MILL AT SALEM-
In a recent iaauo of the Salem Stotrimn,
Mr. L. E. Pratt, ono of tho builders of tho W.
W. Mf'g Co., consumed by firo at that plaes
omo ye-ars ago, wo find tho following:
Having tikeii much inLmat and folt some
encoiirigoineiit in the lite corrosondcncu in
tho Slal'innun and Talk in reference) to wool
en manufacture, which apparently indicates
au awakening iuterust iu onn of tho most
profitable industries tlia' call be engaged in at
the present time, ami aro tho most advan
tageous to tho town and country. Many havt
long desired to sec au "active interest" taken
iu this particular industry. Water power and
material mo ubiiudunt, anil an unlimited d
maud fur the goods, which is all that ii want
ing, except the "capital" to get thu btisinssi
started. In order to keep the interest alive 1
will comply with tho suggestion ef "V'index"
in thu 77iM- and invitation of the SUttmman Us
make a fow statements in reference to what
has been said, and in addition thereto an
estimate of the amount of capital requisites
according to ths amount of machinery.
Tlio statements of I). Do. L. in tho Stutti
hum aro no "fish story" and can bo relied up
ou. I will say furtl or that tho W. W. Mf'g
Co., in thu next throe years following 1803,
should havei made over double what they did
tho first fivo years, and to day tho company
could easily have been onn of tho most
wealthy on tho coast, cntniueiiciiig business
witli so small acapiUl,vi.i?,.,0,000 to 8W.000.
Tlieso statements may appear extravagant,
but they can bo explained to tho satisfaction
of any business man, Hut by theso state
ments of what has been and might havu been
done, I do not claim that tho same rapid pro
gress could be made at thu present timo, the
reason of which can also bo satisfactorily ei
plainod. Rut I would like to manage a man
ufactory of no less than four sets of machinery
and receive for my salary all over 30 percent,
of ths not earnings.
The question is often oakud, How much
capital will bo required t Thu following is t
fair estimate of what it will cos',, luucd upon
three sets of maohiuery, and upon prices ant)
taxes heretofore paid, and wooden buildings.
The location aud water power should bo pro
cured at a cost not to exceed $7,000; tho dam,
II ii mo or water raco, and buildings necessary,
ill, OIK); the machinery, shifting and water
wheel, 910,000; freight on tho same, if by sail
vessel to Kan Francisco or Portland, about
f.'i.OOO; sotting up maohiuury for operation,
$1,000; steam boiler, pipes, dyo tube, etc,
2,000. Total, $10,000, (The Oregon City
Company claim that machinery brought by
rail costs them, sot up, ready for operation,
$10,000 a set.) Necessary for wool, oils, dye
studs, etu , $30,000 to $10,000. Altogether,
$70,000 to $80,000 would bu necessary for a
buifiuuing,
Now Capital, " if interested, will institute
an inquiry, and any further information I can
givo or iiHsistnncu in olmii.ing information
will bo cheerfully rendered J,, K, I'iutt,
K
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