M y m W w m H h y VOL. XIII. FORK AS TO PII0F1T. At tho present time, owing to the failure of the corn crop in tho Western States, pork hears a higher price thau was ever known in Oregon. Meat packers are paying 7 to 8 cents per pound for slaughtered hogs, ami the farmer who has n good lot of store pigs is in luck, because there is moro money in w heat made into pork than selling it at 73 to 85 cnts a bushel. There is always money in pork at whatever the market prico lias been. Last week we published a communication from G. V. Hunt, of the Waldo Hills, who tells how hts hugs fatten on Fall Butter and Lawrence pears, and he told us last year that ho had just planted a Urge pear orchard for his hogs to feed in. Wo not long ago published the experience of Mr. West, of Chehahs, W. T,, who makes a successful business of raising, fattening, killing and curn g pork, and evi dently has a reputation in that line that is worth possessing. We also gave tho experi ence of Mr. Sunderland, who lives on the Columbia river, whoso practijo is to cook up vottetablps and apples and mix with mill feed All these make pork without extraordinary expense, and realizo handsomely by to iljiiiR'. We have at various times given the expeii enco of di IH rent persons in this line; some have fed barley to advantage ; some have fed green corn stalks in Summer, others have let hogs run on clover ; and this reminds us that Mr. It. H. Tyson, of Middleton, Washington county, was in a few days ago, and hi says he has hogs that are actually fat with running in his clover field. So it appears that pork is easily made in this country by those who make a system of it. Vet we see Eastern hams and bacon and lard sold in great quan tity here in our midst, and even carried to the best hog producing districts for the use of t. farmers. There is something ridiculously K - wrong about this ; a great lack of good man agement to improve opportunities. Many farmers prefer to sell their pork on foot or in the carcase, to curing it in good shape for market. They can make good enough meat for their own use, but they often lack the ability to prepare it suitably for sale in cities. Country meat is, of course, as good us any, when properly cured, and we know, from considerable home experience, that it is easy enough, with some oare and a little knowledge of what u requisite, to make the best of meat. People who live in towns are always governed in great measure by ap pearances. It two pieces ol meat are ottered, oue being trimmed in good shape and pre pared with care and taste, while tho other is roughly cut and has no style, tne city pur- i'V-1 chaser will always pay several cents a pound XM mora for the one that suits his eye, while there may be no actual difference in the qual ity. Every farmer ought to know this, aud any farmer can learn in what shape to cut mrat by noticing the hams and shoulders and ides that are for sale in stores put up in first- class manner. While many prefer to sell their fresh meat to the regu'ar packer, others evidently make good profit patting it up. themselves. We lately heard of the experience of Mr. Wm. M. Case, of Butteville, Marion county, who says he took one single hog as a test, weighed it cured the meat in good shape and made the lard well, selling the products for a price that netted him over ten cents a pound for the full weight of the carcase. For the care given he, of course, had some value in manure, and when be was spending time it was during the late Fall and Winter when farm work was not orowding, so there was little expense. There ought not to be a pound of meat brought to Oregon or Washington. We have more inducement to make a thorough business of miking aud curing pork than exists any- tx wnere else, ana a nine extra wont m garueus j aud to grow root crops will make it easy to more important theme for discussion in these columns, or in grange or club, than how to make pork a successful product and grow it to best advantage. A very important matter in this connection is how to improve our native stock. We have the Berkshire and Poland Chinas that seem to be the roost popular breeds, and we ven ture to say they are for sale cheaper in this State than anywh-re else, because those who have shown enterpri-e in importing the best stock of swine have never been paid lor their trouble, aad are glad to get rid of them cheaply. The same is true of imported cattle of bt breeds, while the men who bring good horses sod ahrep here are usually well repaid for their enterprise. The hog has been bred up to great excellence, and, with care, has attained perfection. Any 'of the best breeds fattest easily aa qaicaly, and make better meat than the long Moated common viae. Good stock hog can be got by erase lag p-ire blade on th o 'Samoa i the result will be constant improvement and meat aai.r and chssasr.as we'l a Utter, To shew . srJ.A efimr ktte 7l .- H-aasaatiBBBBBBW -v sbv r .or .k . m, f . a - v 7 - v t wm .a a bbbsf" -m -k. -a v- i 4sw r5h " ? N Ws w fcsaaV how much importance is attached to hog rais ing in the East, we state that in one number of the St. Louis Jourml nj' Agriculture we counted seventy-five advertisements that oflereil swine lor sale, while m tlie II.H MtTTi: I'ahmku to-day there is not one. Men who havo advertised in the past unanimously assert they lo t money trying to bnu good swine here lo improve Oiccon s'oek. It is time that our people began to realize the value of good stock in all brandies. They know that they gain byiinproving their horscsand sheep, but let swine and cattle come as they will. It is nva isary, if we are to maintain good standing with other countries, that wc follow up in a reaonablc manner the improvements making in connection with all branches of tunning, and stock raising is the vital princi ple hat the fanner succeeds upon. OUR SUGAR SUPPLY We have lately sUnvMi how a tingle matt, no doubt represent! g a ring, mo opolizcs the sugar trade of the Padtic Coast, puiketiug all the bein tits of reciprocity with the Hawaiian Islauds, nud adding freight acivss tho conti nent to the price we piy, so that we are worse oH' than before the reciprocity treaty was adopted. e have, in the past, argued tin need and the possibility of growing cane or sugat beet in Oregon, and manufacturing our own sugar, but time docs not seem to have developed any satisfactory mode of sugar pro duction. The experiment of planting sugar beets on the Puyallup, on Puget Sound, was encouraged last year by liberal prizes offered by citizens there, but wu have never heard that it amounted to anything beyond experi ment. It is proven that sugar beets can be grown anywhere, on suitable soils, in West ern Oregon or Washington, aud also in locali ties east of the mountains, and we have seen it asserted that alkali soils were especially fa vorable to that vegetable, but as yet no man ufacture has been attempted. One difficulty in the way of establishing augar beet factories lies in the great cost of the same ; for the works, requiring costly chemical appliances, are very expensive, and the manufacture in Europe was only sneessful after a long trial and wrt'i heavy subsidies for its encourage ment from the governments interested. It is now fully successful, and immense capital is engaged in the business. No producer is a manufacturer, however, but beets are sold at a certain price, as other products ara. The farmer knows that he can sell his beets, just as our farmers know they can sell their wheat, and such a condition of things here would be eminently satisfactory. Several points need to be considered before sugar manufacture from beets can .be safely attempted. First ; Can the farmer afford to grow beets for a price the factory can pay ? Second ; Can labor be procured at a cost sugar manuftcturc can afford? These are not diffi cult questions to answer. Third: Can sugar beets be grown here of a good quality pos sessing enough saccharine matter to work well? This, we believe, was successfully answered iu experiments of sugar beet raising both in this valley and at Puyallup. While the cultivation was generally defective, bo- cause sugar beets need to be planted in grouud stirred to at least eighteen inches in depth, which was probably not done in any cae, and, as a cousequence, the beets were not grown in perfection. Still, the yield in saccharine mat ter from beets grown in both sections was considerably above the percentage considered available in Frauce, and better than the aver age of Calilornia grown beets, and far above the average of beets growu in Maine. We havo demonstrated the leading fact that our climate and soil are adapted to the suc cessful cultivation of the sugar beet, and that the beets grown ht-re are above the average in saccharine yield, and the only doubt seems to be if they cau be grown and manufactured at a profit. With that decided favorably, t believe a factory could be operated in this oity, and a fall supply of beets for iu use gathered from the rich bottom lands that are to be found near by, so that beets could be trans parted to it at reasonable cost. A factory that would promise a Daying price could contract in advance for all the beets it Wuuld need for the year's supply. Sugar manufacture from cane has not yet been attempted, but rich syrup has been made both in Southern and Eastern Oregon. That su( ar can be made follows as a matter of course. It requires much less expensive apparatus to manufacture sugar from cane juice .than from the juices of the sugar beet, because there are fewer resisting and foreign chemical ingredients to be overcome. So that, if sugar cane can be grown prolifically, there is no question aa to ability to derive sugar from it at small ex pense, sugar cane cannot be grown satisfac torily west of the Ctecadea, except io the warmer climate of Southern Oregon, and it is well aaougk to accept that aa a fact, thaogk PORTLAND, OREGON, experiments on a small scale.will no doubt be continued by enterprising farmers in the en deavor to discover somr variety of eano that can bo successfully acclaniatizcd. Amber cane can be grown to good advantage in favor able localities east of the Cascades, and we are pleased to hear that grown cano is to be man ufactuicd this season into syrup in Umatilla county. The success of this effort will per haps induce further trial, and if it warrants sufficient outlay we may-look for increased cultivation of cane in that region. Tho object to be attained is well worth serious efl'oi t, for we need, as far as possible, to become imlc pendent of all other States and countries. TOBACCO. Money by millions is paid for tobacco in the various forms which men abue themselves by using it, and when one looks at the whole sale tiadu of this city that is entirely carried on in the various items that make up the qnalitiea of smoking aud chewing tobacco, and considers that bss lies this much tobacco is sold by retailers that is not wholesaled here, then inquiry comes : Why not grow tobacco in Oieou? One day lately we stepped into a xhop where they were manufacturing cigais, for there are a number of places in this city where cigars are manufactured in tho rear and sold iu the frnt shop. The cigar-maker happened to be an intelligent man who had been brought up in the tobacco business, an 1 had once in his life be n seut to Cuba to buy tobacco for his employers, he understood something of bow tobacco was to be grown and cured, aud explained the modiu operandi of its manufac ture, either for chewing or smoking, so we spent some time watching him fix his "fill ings," and then make "wraps," and then manipulate the two to turn out the perfect cigar, at the same time he told us his experi ence It sems that while Cuba tobacco was once considerhd the best in the world that of late years Connecticut tobacco, that is grown in the valley of Connecticut and Massachusetts, ranks equal to any, as the rich, sandy alluvial of the river bottoms is good soil and the farmers there, having made a study of the business, b th as to growing and curing the leaves, have aojuired a proficiency that gives them practical control of the business. Tobacco is not grown to the full, strong leaf, but for the best smoking uses is picked when tender, before maturity. It requires some skill, probably to cultivate tobacco, but the farmers of the Willamette Valley certainly have as much natural "gumption" as their Yankee br. tlireu, and they can easily learn so simple a thing as how to grow tobacco, and, besides, there are many of our farmers who came from the to bacco States and already understand bow to bacco is grown. It only remains to ascertain if this suil and climate are adapted to such culture, and from what we can learn, it must be capable of producing good tobacco if put to the test. We have frequently seen tobacco exhibited at State and County Fairs, and there were some fine specimens exhibited at the late Mechanics' Fair in this city, so it is safe to conclude that it can be grown here. ihe cigar maker above alluded to spoke of a friend of his, who is well versed in quali ties of tobacco, who says be saw this Summer tobacco 'grown by a farmer near Buena Vista that was of the beat quality for manufacture of the finest cigars. If tobacco can be grown at home for the manufacture of the various varieties needed in commerce, it will be a great step towards in peudence and encouragement of mixed farm ing. The trouble probably is that farmers do not know where they can dispose of their pro duct when it is grown, for theiv is rot yet a fixed market for the raw leaf. It is always so in a new country, but that difficulty will be overcome as soon as it can be established that tobaccco can be grown to supply home needs. Manufactories will rise to make it up, in various shape, as soon aa stock to manu facture can be depended on, and no doubt the cigar makers of Portland will be ready to buy what they can use in their grow ine business. Something ought to be done to retain iu this State the millions now sent abroad for manu factured tobaco, and to grow it and manu facture it here will be an important step taken towards making ourselves independent of for eiitu markets, aa we said in the outset. Evxnr friend who sends u a new subscriber doe the most effectual thing possible to aid aa. While we credit the sender with one third of a year on hi own subscription w alill feel that w ar hi debtor. It i often th caa that a subscriber once made become a steadfast friend. Our list ha a great pro portion that have been on it five, tea and hundred even thirUea ears, since th first J Kigbt thousand cask of wine were de stroyed by a recent flr at Bordeaux. FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 35, 1881. LANDS IK THE PALOUSE VALLEY. When at Olympia two weeks ago we had the pleasuro of meeting an old friend, Hon, Horace Stratton, formerly of Eugene, for two years past a resident of Farmington, in Whit man county, the Palouso region, who not only represents tlm people of that county in tho Territorial Legislature, as he formerly did Lane county in the Oregon Legislature, but has the additional honor to be Pictident oi tho Council of which ho is a member. Mr. Stratton describes Farmington as situated in the midst of a fei tile region that be enthusi astically says has no superior on the face of the globe. Our leaders have no doubt read that the Oregon Improvement Company have bouglst of the Northern Pacific Kailroad Company, some time since, a tract of tailroad land lying in tho Pnluuc region, of nearly 500,000 acres in extent. Wc copy this week, fiom the Pa louse Oazrtie, a statement that the Improve ment Company is now engaged in breaking ground, making improvements and construct ing dwelling houses on this land, w ith a view to rendering it easy for those who purchase of them to make homes and immediately become producers. Of courso they expect to sell the land at a profit, and when we become informed of the fertility and favorable lay of the ground in all respects, we wonder that the N. P. R. R. Co. ever consented to dispose of it. Mr. Stratton gave us particular! of this 600,000 acres owned by the Improvement Company, and as Farmington lies in the midst of it he is able to speak corr.ctly. Ho says every acre of it is "as good land aa lios out of doors," that the Walla Walla Valley baa no better land; that the world cannot show bet ter land. This being the case wo can under stand that this land is valuable and will find readySaale. While we naturally deprioaja thyLonopoly of land in any manner, one company may as well OWrt'lt aVaribther, and as the present owners propose to make it ready for the purchaser to begin. life upon, and will furnish improvements at the lowest cost, we can respect their enteiprise. The description given by Mr. Stratton was only a fair estimate of this beautiful region and with millions of acres of such land to produce faithfully the Palouse Valley will soon begiu to furnish mil- lioas of bushels of wheat to swell the com merce of the Columbia river. NORTH-EASTERN WASHINGTON TERRITORY. When at Seattle recently we hsd the pleas ure of meeting Hon. Jas. O'Nell, of Colville Valley, who is a member ol the Washington Legislature from Stevens county, a region close to the British line and of which little is known. We took advantage of this opportu nity to obtain all the information possible concerning that vast and unsettled region, and were surprised to aacerttin from him that of the great area of Stevens county, supposed ordinarily to be sterile and mountainous, that fully one-half was good arable land, contain ing many very rich and productive valleys, and that stock raising was prosecuted to good advantage. The mountainous regions contain mining districts that will yield returns in the future, aud unlike so much of the eastern part of Washington this northern part is well tim bered aud watered so as to present every fa cility fur successful agriculture. Tin con struction of the Northern Pacific railn ad makes it possible to throw a brui.ch road to a point on the Columbia not very distant from the main line, which will be the key to a gnat agricultural district, btouse, above thin point for 300 miles the Columbia is navigable for steamboats and on each side, including the Colville valley, is a wide stretch of farming country th .t can be easily made available when immigration shall reach that way, and at the Ttle it is tending towards it Stevens county will soon lie iu demand for actual set tlement. There is a warm reach close to the Columbia, near the Colville, where they grow tomatoes and melons, as well as other ten 'er vegetables, though the uplands are not secure from frost. The time will come, no doubt, when navigation of the Columbia will be con tinuous to the British line, when the rich ag ricultural district that lies over the line in British Columbia will send it product down the great river. Different Indian reservation occupy much of this neirtheru region, but the time ought con to come when Indians will be given homesteads and held am liable to law, and protected by it aa other citizen are, and not planted on Kerrai ion they do not utilize. It doe not seem possible to put them away so far on the map that civi iz&ti.n wiil not overtake them. They are to ! pitied some what, but the feeling of our day l growing, thai an Indian sfcould take hi chance with th world and learn to labor and be self-sup porting, not remain a mcr vagab- ml and ob stacle to progre. W have nut attempted to give any very definite idea of this region, but to presont to public attention the evident fact that this country of which so little was expected, will in time sustain its proportion of population and will become iu turn productive. As we turn from one part of the supposed w ildcrncss to another we learn that the resources of all sec tions develop beyond expectation. The very sa ml and sage brush that w as scouted at as com paratively worthless produces good yields of wheat, and while there arc name stretches of country that are of no aluo, those arc now becoming tho exception not tho rule. Wo publish cHowhcre in this issue noi-s of a journey made by Hoa. A. W. Bash, Collector of Customs at Puget Sauiul, to the &lvillo country and beyond, which gives bis intclli gent views of this, same remote region. ROOM FOR ENTERPRISE. Of courso the producers of this country have not the means to invest ill building man ufactories, nor is it to be presumed that tlicy havo the business skill to conduct them, and therefore they aro dependent on cap ital and skilled industries to mako many products available. Thcro is plenty of capital in existence to do all that Is necessary to en courage production in all possiblo directions. Wo discuss, this week, tho cultivation and manufacture of sugar and tobacco, and Iciievo that we are able to produce both in sufficient quantity ami of excellence oi quality to justify manufacture, but where the capital to manu facture must come from is the important ques tion. We suggest to those who are interested in making Portland a great manufacturing point, that if the fanners can see a good mar ket for sugar beets and leal tobacco they will support capital in the attempt to create a home supply to equal the demand. TBS COLUMBIA RIVER. Serious damtge has of late been done to tho reputation of the Columbia river, and to the coinerce of this region, by the wrecking of three vessels within as many weeks. It seems that Shoalwatcrbuy has been frequent ly mistaken for the mouth of tho Columbia snd this mistake cost the life of one lino ship. Ano'her was nut aware of the new light hav ing been built on Tillamook rock, and sup posing that to be tho light north of tho entrance, his good ship went ashore. The other day another ship, loaded with an im mense cargo of wheat, undcrbaik to sail out with an east wind full in her sails, because the tugs w ere spoken for in advance of him by several other vessel', so the Edith Lome, losing her wild midchanneL tossed at 'the mercy of the serf, and her bones lie fixed in the treacherous sands of Clatsop Spit. All the wrecks that have happened at the Columbia bar, or near there, for a long time, have been due to want of good judgment and not to any fault of our river, but as so many such accidents are occuting, we ought to look the matter up, and decide what can be done to accommodate commerce more perfectly, and make the entrance of the Columbia both safe aud popular. To be safo depends much on tho conveniences we furnish for entrance and exit of vessels. There should bo good tugs and plenty of thuin to attend to tho incieating business. The merchants of Portland ought to wake out of their selfish indifference, be. cause the tune has come when trade may go elsewhere. They have had fancied security, but Puget Sound is at our very doors, and if the Columbia river is to remain a scarecrow of navigation and a perpetual complaint from navigators, then the completion of the North ern Pacific road from Portland to Kalama, and the O. H. It N. Co.'s road from Portland to The Dalles, will make it pons bio to ship car toes direct fiom the whe-at fields if Eastern Oregon and Washington t) deep water rm 1'ugi.t Round, and when thst time, comes Port laud may depend upon it that commerce will be governed by the great natural laws, that regulate it everywhere else. The people out-ide of this city will insist on sei ding their wheat where it tan lt be sold, a- d when safe in car grain can be carried a hundred and fifty mile further at very small expense. What the commerce of the Colum bia seeds and will have If it is successful, is the best appliiuces tliat can facilitate, and they must Im furnished at a reasonable price. Portland must it- p iu and provide all that is needed, and accept on'y fair price for all dcrvices rendered foreign ' ir. Ext-ition used only to grind the producer, but now it will react on the commerce of this city and drive trade away aa soon a there U a rival place to drive it too. To inak the Colombia river popular with ship owners Is now the moat important duty of th merchant, prop erty owner and millionaire of Portland. Tlie Winter fiiht have began at Weston. Ou man tired a pisVd at another nd miawd, .ad anothr bombr wa cut ou th. ueaa by a flying tumbler. NO. 41. A New Dsparture. Tho Oregon Improvement Company's outfit for developing their lands ai riwd in the vicin ity of James S. Davis' la-t Friday, the I lth, anil began operations at onco on section 13, township 18, range 43. Tho train cousisted ol six wagons heavily loaded with agricul tural implements, tents, commissary stores, etc., forming tho best outfit of the kind that has ever e'omo to our notice. Wc-undcrstand it is the purpose of tho company, as far as may bo found ava lablc, to employ tho teams of tho farmers, in addition to their own, and vigorously proccuto tho work of plowing and seeding until at least '.'0,000 acres of their lands sro prepaied fur tho hat vest. For many reas uis Wc congratulate the farmers of the Palouso country upon this ac tion of the Improvement Comi.iny. A weal thy corporation, ow ning, perhaps, tho finest body of agricultural lauds in tho Noithwest, en gaged in their cultivation. To our people, and especially to our land owncm, the company say: We havo such confidence in the unfail ing resources of your country that we are willing to rick latgo sums in tho cultivation of tour lands adjoining you. The action ot tho company enhances tho value of every acre of laud in the Palouso country. It gives almost positive assurance of the early construction of a railroad line, in timo to move the crop of tho coming season. A few not engaged in agriculture will dislike to see so large an area of grazing country broken up, but this i a narrow , consideiatioo compared with the standing it wilt give our farming land and stimulus it will bring to our couutry. A wa understand, the company propose to sell thew lands, plowed or seeded, whenever the settler most deems it to his interest to buy them in this condition. A a business, this extensive cultivation of land by the Improvement, Com pany is no hazardous undertaking; every acre of land will bo worth ami really tell for the additional cost of plowing. Unless tin efforts of the company are threatened by an unprecedented failure of crops, a yield of from sixty to seventy thou sand bushels of grain will be the result, which will leave them with their lands cultivated and a handsomo piofit. Fencing, and the erection of small houses, for which the com pany have Borne three million feet of lumber accumulated at their niur.o at Dayton, will follow iu early Spring. 1'aloute (lauttt Railroad Survey. Tho surveying party of eleven men, under the charge of Col. Hiirlhurt, went over tse mountains last Sunday, says tho Jacksonville Stntinel, and camped near Cole's, at the point where the heavy grade will begin. They will probably be at work between the summit and the California lino a good part of tho Winter, and may have some rough weather 1 1 contend with. Mr. Hurlnurt's work is to make the final location of the road from the summit to the Klamath, and it may bo necessary to run a number of lines before this can be accom plished, Ho begins at the Klamath, aud will run to the summit with a level, of couree, in stead of using the aneroid barometer to obtain tho a'tituder, as iu tho prelimiuaiy surveys. A Portland engineer had been engaged to be gin similar work on tho northern approach to tho Siskiyou piss, but was prevented by sick nets from coming out, ami Mr. Howard, of Jacksonville, will probably be seut in hi stead. The exact location of tho required tunnel can not bo fixed until tho line of up proae.li has been a ttleel, and there will doubt less bo a little delay as possible, hh that the boring of the tunnel may he begitu ut an early day, A Cieowti oir Not.uii ts. Tho new baggage car anil engine iiitoiwcd lor mi y em tins en vision of the narrow gauge, Lays tho Hilvcrtou Ai'i'fnl, passe I up the road Thursday, On lioard were the following gentlemen who be fo'0 proceeding beyond Hilsctton come up and took a survey cf the town: ('. W, Prcs. ciitt, general manager O. H. & N, Co.; J. J, M, Buckley, general superintendent 0. It. & N. '" ; John Muir, general freight and ticket ugent O. it. & N. Co.; Postal Agent, Ben Simpson; J. M. Fillmore, acting superintend ent uar ow gauge division O. It. & N. Co., nnd his successor, J. L. i'riecj slso Cuast Siiperinteixlrut Ila-sfow, and Dudley Evans, of Wells, Fargo's Express Company. These gentlemen are uiakiug a tour of the road pre paratory to the order of postal service on the line, which will begin in all probability about the flr-t of D cemler. Payinsst r William Heiih'ilin, i.f the U, K. & N. Uo., also passed over the road on Thursday ou the regular traiu for Bruwnville. Dalle kllltary Road Company. It is stated that Th Dalles Military Wagon Hoad Company have sold out their road and lands to English capitalist, who intend to puttheroal iu thorough repair, and so con struct it that it can be traveled at all seai f the ver, from The Dalle, via Canyon lAA, Vnrf RI. n.i M..ak. !., Tk U comiany bav sufficient capital to arinPlj this, it m said, aud a. determined"0'10 "T M tbev undertake. Aa soou a th-.." In nrnitiir nnii.lttinn fh lnjt Will t and cJf.ie I fur sal. It I"" their ini to indace some wcll-to-Jo tS"glin " settle I'O th pioposeW route. liate 7 Mcvmtt,