WILLAMETTE FARMER: PORTLAND, OREGON, SEPTEMBER 30, 1881.
4
Issued c-v cry Week by the
nlI.I.AMKTTK FAIMIKIl l"l H.llll
TKIIMS OF SUIJSC'niITIO.N.
Jnejcar, (I'ostiKO paid). Ill alliance . . $'2.50
III month", (Tf",uf; lil. I" advance .... 1.2.1
bets than six months will be, lcr montl ii
ADVF.RSISINO HATIS:
Advcrtlietnintswill be Inserted, jirovblinu In are
respectable, at the follow lnj tnlilc ol raw :
Oie Inch of spice per month .
Tnreo Inches of spuco per month
Ono naif column per nionii
One column per month
JSVHample copltw sent free on application.
Publication Ollkc- No r. Wtinlil ulon Mro I
Italrs, rooms No. r, anil f.J
fO.
2WI
fiOfl
l ' no
sow
1 1'
TO TRAVEL EAST OF THE MOUNTAIN8
William .1. C'lnrkc, connected with this
paper for :i long time, and boh of the tdit r,
will soon leave here to spend the 1'nll in liav
cling through Kastctn Oregon and Washing
ton in the interest of this paper. He made n
similar journey two cars ago with such mij
cess in many lespccts ns to cause a hopu that
such n trip this Fall may win the Kwivikk
many now friends. Wo have already many
readers Kast of the Mountains and tin; licit
interests of that section enter hugely into all
our calculations. So far as wo nie nMu wu
u.-HbiJlUtbiclLuuLuiuuUullv,fir thu b.ooiL,of.,thu
great and grow mg coiiuti I 'est of the Cas
oaelcs aud if tho people of that Hctl'ti will
re is a ehanee for the potato
crop of this legion to bo in good demon 1 this
recognize the alue of the I'm vim to tin in by I seisin, for thu following leasons: Thu carl
llicieasoil pitronngu, it will stri-nvUii li our j I1' mting in Cilifoinii, in rivi'i bottoms, wheie
against this wr offer the case of'a fanner who
being aide to handle himself to advantage,
has realized for a dozen years past an average
of $1 12 per bushel for his wheat. When the
rest of the wheat growcis can handle them
selves as well, of coureo they can hold foi a
good market as U did, and they certainly
Inve a right to do so. 'I ho question new is:
flow shall farmcis get their fair sliaiu of what
their wheat sells for?
Tin- Corvnllis Hay It' proposes to lmo the
fanners tin ough the Will.unette Vallc sub-
scribe iii'imy to oiitinue the work of improv
ing I be- intr.uici' to Vni uin.i Jta.v It si s thu
woik is progtrssiug well and ii pirt of the i a
tional 8iiliid h is been expended in piniliise
of working appliances and it will not cost
vci Hindi to io am p.ut oj the fence now
winking tbeie, and Kit) them at work when
the government appiopriiliou is expended,
which will be in about n month. The reason
gicn is lb it the woik now done is exposed to
Winter slorni" and oiein eumniotions .mil
may ho kmioiisIv impaiiiil, when something
nun i' is done to shcugthcu and extend it than
the iiiomy appiopn.itcd by Congress can ac
toinplish. It is also o'anned that if the peo
ple take hold in this manner, Congress will be
apt to act moie liberally in the near future.
Mil. .1. Jt. K.s A IT, commission merchant in
tliseity. who has. pttulifd the. subject care
nil', tliiiiks the
money to encourage a good exhibit would
probably induce a wider representation, cov
ering more territory and more products than
wo have ever before seen. I'eoplo who have
excellent things to show are often deterred
from show ing by the uncertainty of the award,
while they would be very certain to do so if
the system was changed in this particular. In
California too, transportation is free to and
from the fair for all ar iclcs to be exhibited,
so ssys the J'ecoiJ Union, and if similar liber
ality could be practiced by Oregcn corpora
tions It is prohibly true tint they would lose
nothing h it in the end, and it is ceitain that
the Xtitc Fairs would bo a much better sue-
WHAT WILL FARMERS DO?
ability to bu of use to them.
Tin: l.ito diouth Ins cut down the corn emp
through all the com glowing Htitts and, .is a
rmseijiiriitt', om will ndvaiii e in puu and
si will poik. Wo take it thin that an) in, ill
who cm nuke pink In u i .in cilculatc on a
lood pneo fin the Irish polk oi the until
iiK.it Wo h lie si en t' mi in lit h meat .lint laid
In ought fiimi St Louis and Chicago and it is
tunc w'c mad" amnio tboinugli tn.il, on .1
moie extensile sale, of glowing liogs and
miking at leist uli.it h mis, baton and Ind
we iiied I" us-. 'I bi'ie uiu men who in iko a
Huu'cisrul business t Intt'Minig and putting
up pmk, and as tiny .nntiiine to follow it
Veal altci ji.ir, we in.i) take it foi giautiel
that tin ie i inoiu in it if will follow id.
Wu h,iu a pleasant pmof of popul.u appu
elation by u gam of subsnibeis fioui unex
pected quitttcis, and u le'coguife that it wu
could canvass thuioiiutiy foi the Wn.i.iMhi it
KiIimkii its en filiation would bu immense
and wu would he able to e-xttwl it gieatly.
If our friemUwill aid us in this, y jiieNeutiiig
the claims of t.'.is piper to the attention of
their fi lends and neighbors, wo shall not only
appitciatii their so doing, but will pay tlieiu
libeially by a uedit on thill subsciiptioii of
foul months for uuiiy new uiiiiiu sent with
$i Til). Our standing ollt i in to allow a eai 's
sillwcupti. ii foi tlnee new, piipiul hiiIim rip
lions, Those who leneu nut not new sub
scnlicis, however. Thu Hum names must be
of pi'ihons not now taking thu pipu,
TlIK tiuil of .luck I'd wits fin the umiilir of
Hen. Cornelius, in this cit, duly Itli, ended
Satiildii), and the J ii biought III a vciditt
ofmiiidn in thu lust digue. It is under
stood that the .ittnl lie m foi the deftnsii will
uiovii for a new tnal Thu ouu just had tost
thu count mu $7,00(1 Tliuii is mi doubt a
disposition to maku In ill i It i a i- ipit.il ollniie
and Oiegim Junius i moot bu i xpctteel todoil
gmiil) with IIiihii who mike then lioists
and einy thuin out as I'nwm did, but whin
we tiai'o huk to the filst i.uimi, we tiuil tint
sliobol was the netu d munliiii II this mail
had ueiui In en a diiiiikaid it is pi, liable (hat
no caiisii fin ill mil luiuhl umi havu cxMul,
and thu liiiioi diauk that diy no tloubt led
directly to tins teiiiblui'iuui'.
Itr a siiiiitaiieous iiioMiuiuta fund haslneu
still tul nil inn the United States, no pi rson
to gio more than nun dollar, thu piooiuls to
bu usul as a minus tin the miction of a monu
ment to thu deeeased I'lesnlent. This is
called thu (lii.iiiin Mosi'Mi.sr I'l'sn, and
eollet tiiius win taktn up en ly while inythii
most of the potatoes nio produeid, was de-
stinved by Howls, and thu second planting has
moo n ted to but little. '1 his has already had
tliu c lb ct to put up the pncu of potatoes tlicie
and wu may expect theiu will bu an active do
uiaiiil liom C.ilitoi ma during thu season. 'J bo
question is: Wlii'thei the supplus that will
ii.ii Ii them fiom aiious soiuces Southern
Cililoini.i, Utah, Nevada and Washington
Tumtoi will not uwr supply tliein i It
Hull looks as tiougli out potato pliutcis
might, iialiu a fan piiee this season, and we
shall watch the in u Let ami knji them postid
to the bust of out nhi'iU .
A Mi iu hint of tins cit infoims us thithu
had a faimir's win at in his lands, held as su
unit foi debt last Fall, and at thu urgent
iiijuist of the iiunui, li'lil that wheat for a
use until .luuu last, when he sold it forl 22
a cental. Six months befoie he could hao
sold it foi $1 fi'J. So here w as a de id loss of
30 centH a cental oi 18 cents a bushel, and
adding intnest and stoiago inadu the loss on
.'i.'.'OO bilsntls i each close up toward Ij7n0.
'i'hii man lentid laud and this loss was quite
In.ay on linn, lie cites this as an illustia
tiou of the aihisabihty of selling wl eat early.
Wu can show by the Fakmui, at the time
when last Autumn wheat was woith SI "'-.',
wu took thu position that unless a man louhl
afloid to hold his wheat, then was thu time to
sen. mil tnosucaii ailoni to take chances
who e.in alloul to stand a loss. Tint is tine
enough, but had this same man held his
wheit until thie-ii mouths lony.ci hucnu'ilhiixc.
sand himself this loss
A FAVORABLE SEASON.
United Statis hist .Moil l.i It is des'lahl
that it should buioiiipletidassiiouas possible
It is probable tint wium unaugemt-iit will be
made in en 1 tow ll foi aiding thin puipose,
but as all w II bu anxious to do something to
waul thii. ohjitt we suggest tint all pi i sons
who urn iiiteiested take up collet tions in thtir
own neighborhoods; or if they ham not tirtie
to do so foi win d then own isi tribiition by
money onler in it'gisteitd li'ttn to W. J,
VauSihiier, of i'oitlaud, who is ti asuier
of the fund in this city.
In ( tlifiniiii the uxpnitirk Mint in ami
I'ouullt 'J(K),(KN) tons of wlieit a( 0icr, lltu
thu foieigii market tisik a start, ami now the
quietly load then hips and show no nnxitt
to buy when wheat la strong, and thus the
hue the whip ban I id mller. Thu samu was
dutiti In l u and with a meall amoaiit of tonnage
111 sight tilt keep puna duun mIu.ii they
can Ih liiiU'Hudeiit. How farmers are to
strengthen thomsolnn is iiupoitAut. If they
ell fuoly they make thu wheat buu soon
inilipcnilent, and thus, if he bu at all, it
mutt bo at Ins own price. Now thu remedy
foi this is for the farmri to have Ins price a
reasonable one of iniirsu -ami nut tuavll with
out ho lealitet it. The producer it only at
the mil cy of the buer when prislticU are in
t-iceanof iluiiitnd, but this Is a ear when the
woild luunt have our bit.idtulls, o thu pro
ilucembouM ban- thu upper baud
Wllll.K but ix u baixl tune, fur pin
ducers it lilently wa eiy pmlilablo to
tbosti who h.xudltsl thu pnnluit. N iniich
no that wu know of one mill that eonieitesl
Tilloy wheat into Hour and nettul J,MU(H)
from thu 1st or July, 1SH(, to Jul 1st, 1m
Now this wu mi enormous sum for one ivr
Krtiou to inakii, clear money, in a silicic
cmoii, of a projwity that di i nut originally
coat much u thu single siaaou profits.
It II ixjminoil usertiou among biuinuM mrn
that thu furmer bai onl to il hit product
aud cauuot iutfifcru for lua om n gocsl, but
lluiing thu Sumnici wo haiu had otviiMonal
rams tint htwi kept thu giound fiesh and
bine pieientid excissiitl dusty loads, and
now that Inn est is ovei ami faimeis aru
lead to put tin If fallow luid into wheit, wu
have had a delightful lain that has fieslituid
tin pistiilcs, laid the dus: of thu loads, ami
Ins biought up thu wheat ahead s.iwn to all
eul giu th. !t stuls in will for a good
Fall foi funnels, ami with the lain abe.elv had
thu should bu able to it all tlmr Siiuunii
fallow in immediately aud till li mel the
stublu laud thuy intend to put into wheat.
Tin ii itoxei shallow aud git all the scattcied
giaiu and wieiU to glow now, and then plow
again and turn it ileeptr and sow wheat, aftei
the weeds hau stai tnl, and you in ix liud it
coinpaiu will with Siiiim ii-lalluw land next
lialitst.
WAREHOUSES AT TORTLAND
'I he people of Walla alia ami that pail of
the iiiiiiiti aiu suiiling down in imuicuu
iuniitlt ol wheat to I'oitlaud and aiu in urn
staut feai that thu waiihruiMS lit if will be
lillnl full and onillowing and that shipments
will bale toeeise. As this nty piopnscs to
bothugicat busiinss tentti, ami as wheat
glowing isintiiii to inueasc, and in Until is
now but in Its bi ginning, what can the wealthy
mill of this town ilo better than to pin
vide adeiiiatti accoinimslatioiis for the pro-
elucts eif thugieat legion whose tiade tiny
eik This is not a tnxiil matter, by any
inians, hut (list i ns the lust attention I'ort
laud has to gne, A gru t cit must forest, II
tuo wants or the prodiuthe legion it supplies,
if it desciMs thu name, and it strikes us, aud
the iKiipli of the l'pxi Willaiui ttaas will as
tliittii of the Upper Ciilumbii, that K is tiinu
that I'oitlaud capitalists showed the intei-piiM-
the woild exiHcts of them.
A FAIR WITHOUT PREMIUMS
It sieuia that ill California they are tr iug
an expiiiuieut til connection with their State
Fan, of appropiutiiig a certain amount of
money fur an art display, not lit thu way ot
premiums, but procure an exhibit, and thu
i'uyot I'nhw aihinatea that the same plan
shall Isi adopted m inunction with every
other dt pat Uncut of future Statu fairs. The
urn of ix hundred dollar was appropriated
to be dn nlitl aiiioug exhibitors to pay the ex
pe'iito liKUinsl, and thu Ci iistspieuce i that a
much liner ilipla) of art woik has brtn made
than cur was made untltr the old tem of
awaul of prcmiiiiua. In California thu State
Pair is no longer an euterprisu conducted by a
octet, but is under Statu management, aud
we do not see why the State of Orrgou tauiiot
ake hold of our Statu Fair ami manage it m
the intiitst of the whole State. Cirtaiuly
the amount of any deficiency that could aria
would lie but a trifle iu case of any bad )ar,
while there will w a certain! that there will
bi little or no deficient' in a term of ear.
I'hu matter if spending a certain amount of
Tho editorials wo re-publish this week from
the Kan 1'rincisco t'lironhh and the Sacra
mento IliriDil-Union show tho farmers' side of
the present wheat situation so forcibly, that
no argument seems. uecussary. Indeed, the
position is self-evident, and admits of no ijues
tiou as to the fact that by means of control of
tonnagu and supposed scarcity of tonnage, the
farmer on the Pacific Coast is being robbed of
all the actual profit that pertains to w heat
production. The business of pioduction, as
the Oiium asseits, is only complete when tho
pioduct is at ita final market, and the so-
called producer needs to watoh, and to some
extent contiol all tie processes it must pass
through, to defend himself.
The Union shows that by saving tho extor
tion on fieight the farmer could vory soon
own all the tonnage necessary to canvey hi
crop to nniket. lliat maybe true enough,
but until unitiil effort is secured and judicious
business elloit is mule, the farmer will let
those who handle his giain rob him of the
piofit, and will remain discouraged, bound
band and f .ot. '1 bu longur it I ists the less he
will be able to assert hnntclf.
All ilipeiuls upon united effort, ami with
out sue b dibit tho ease is hopeless. If all
thu fanners of Oiegon wcieorginied, so that
what liuincial sticiith thuy have could be
combined and inrule available, any ono can soe
that thev tould master the situation. The
shipouiiei, the expoitcr and speculator,
calmlv lead all this i uwspaper literature, aid
look on with cutiio confidence that fainieu
will i.evei combine for their own protection,
and that tho game is in their hands, as it usu
ally has been.
How is combination to bu effected, and who
is to cllect it! Tlure is the iitiestion that
biings us up with a lound turn. So far in the
histoiy of agriculture, farmers have never
combined so elTo tuall as to enable them to
control inukcts heie. We read that much
has bicn elouu by organisation elsewheie, and
yet we doubt if in any Stato in the Union
farmers aie piepared to defend their iutcresl
by successful icsistancn of speculation.
One of mil San Francisco exchauges sptaka
with undisguised contempt of the wheat
,,'ioweis' meeting, calls it a granger ellort, and
insists that thu grange onl curtains within
that order a small propoition of the farmers,
of California, not i nougli to give them any
pown to contiol tho dchvety of wheat. So
"in coutempoiar ticats their action with ac
tual contimpl, and views with indilleicnco
any iullueinu thu wheat-giowns' uueting
may haxu.
It has always sieined that the grange
offcied a incuts for thorough oi.aiiiatioii and
ellectual combination, that is if coinhiuition
in an form i.ui be luadeefftctual. In Oiegon,
as in i.,aiiiiuni i, tnc tanning population dots
not sustain thisoieler will, and owing to tlmr
iiidilluiiicu in this ru-ptct they aru pow nlcss
If it is possible for thu agnetiltu al iiiteitsts
to coinhinu for self-piotection, it must bu
through some such org.uu ition. Any organ
iition tint eiii be devised will bo subject to
iniiow-inindcd piejudiceaml ttlhsh jealousy,
This Older has been so sulijict, and has weak-
cm d tin 1 1 by. It is not possible to devise
an thing moio icasonablc in its scope and in
nlleiiMvc III all its social iclatlous than the
older of I'ltious of Husbandly. Ifanvsuth
society can bo madu a success, this one ought
to I hi. Its steni is ill exis'iucv, and uad to
embiace within its fold all who aie desciving
of iiicinbeisliip. 'I hu want of giea'tr success
of he mange is significant of failuie ill au
Miuilar ellort
While tlio gian.o is not a luiMiiiss scheme,
u in.iKes it possible, in couneitioii with its
winkings, that men should oigauio and com
bine for their picuniar advantage, as witnts
the Ilusintss Council of Linn county, which is
a success. J.i t us suppose that tho memlier
ship etlected by this council iuc'iul-d all the
fanuei-s of that county; who does not ste
that they could woik together b efficient
roprestntatloii, and accomplish far more than
iniliv ulusl effort can do ! Let us suppose that
the farmers of all Oiegon and Washington
wire in this membership, with an efficient
huiiioH council in eich county, aud a svstcni
of organization and npivsuitaiioii b which a
central biisiutss oouucil could represent all
the agritultural iuterestsof the North Pacific,
and upeiato judiciously for the common good,
who elevs not see that this eombiuaiion would
bo above all Inonopoly and speculation, aud
could work rapidly and efficiently in direct
and fmiucnt comiuiiuication with all pro
ducers f
Hut the gtauge is not sustained as it should
be, ami a a consequence agncultiuv is nut
oiganiied, and does uot defend it.elf. There
it no use in disguising the fact that in the
lust iwrsoual ambition and more or less an
tagoni.iu worked evil iu this onler. whose
U-neliceiit intention was thereby frustrated,
Ahtuv responsibility resU on all who. re
chargeable w itli tin, fur there was no rooi i
iu the ouug older for such a couttst, and it
tut to some extent paralwed the lullueiuei
gio.l. Hut shall a few mistakes of aitiou and
oiue dillcrviK-e of opinion, where all uu
have meaut honestly, act as a bar to au su
cess ? Cvi tiinly not. All the ev lis ex er com.
has been learned. Those w ho are in member,
ship are only anxious to advance the common
good and build up agriculture ; so we suggst
tint the best interest of all will be subserved
by building anew on its mho foundations.
bet us see how all would bo benefitted if
combined action of farmers wcie possible.
Our wheat crop is not the only oppirtunity
for working to advantage, but know ing as we
klotliat thcro is thicc-fourths enough tonnage
em the way hero to move the existing surplus,
we could devise a policy (Oregon and Cali
fornia acting with unison) that would hold
speculation in check. It should never be the
aim of farmers to put down the pi ice of ton
nye or transport ition belowa fair living
prnc, but it should bo held there. Our wool,
of late vears, fells readily and under mi active
and healthy competition, hut we need to
clranso it here and realize its full vioith ; and
combined effort is needed to ecme this being
done, if we had a competent Hu. iness Coun
cil to represent agriculture, fruit could bo so
handled as to bring the fruitgrower moie
profit: anil when, as now, thu potato nop is
short in California, our crop could be so
handled as to insure sales at full value. He
suits t.lese and further advantages in the bale
of products, it will be possib'e to save a grcit
profit which the cousumer pays on all his sup
plies, that, too, without injuring business in
terests, but simply by simplifying them.
Wo present this subject for cjonsidciatioti,
lieeause we intend to keep the importance of
organization and combination before thcpeople
as long as we live, and leave it aftirvvsids to
some ono who may succceel us, for wu have
not much faith in immediate action. It is
astonishing how inert the farmers are', w Inlc
speculation clothes itself in liches at thtir
expense. At the present time exporters aie
independent, and do not caru to buy. Hire
ami in California they went quietly up conn-
tr and bought up laigely. Withwlaat on
hand to load all ships toon expected, they
p ik up vi hit is sold at a bargun, and othcr
iiiu' keep out of the market. They have
aliciely (foiuo of them) made fortunes this
year liv (inet npeiations, and tho farmcis aie
lik a puiic str.cken herd that hasnocpicity
foi self piotcction.
A JUDICIOUS MOVEMENT.
'I he wheat-grow eis have taken a step in
the right direction by oiganiiug themselves
into an association for mutual protection and
conceit of action. A laige and leprcscntative
meiting of wheat-groweis was held in San
Francisco on Wednesday, and after much dis
cussion resolved upon perfecting an organisa
tion, which, if judiciously directed, has high
capabilities for good to the interest it will iep
resent. We recently pointed out the contin
ued loss sustained by the w heat-grow eis aris
ing from the fact that the ciop pioduccd by
them was manipulatid by speculatois.and the
selling i.itu was not in any senso ele'erinined
h tlicmsilves. The profit arising from the
wluat grown in California his been confined
almost eutirel to thu tiansactions after the
wheat Ins left tho hands of the glower. The
fanner his pioducid the wheat in sacks and
has left all the opciations nccessny to place
it iu inaiket at I.ivupojl to the tonnage
broker, commission merchant and speculator,
and the laigest shaic of the profit has risi led
iu this latter class of oprratiuus. The annual
loss tothegiain-giowers of California .ic'ltc-
,'itcs an amount sulhcicnt to furnish caput il
foi all thu appliances neeessar to control tho
intiiuopeiation of placing thu wheat giown
htio in its final ni.il ket. Thu comnicicial
tiansactions involved iu pi icing thu cram in
m .1 ket in Liv ei pool are not piotounilly ah-
stiusu ur even difficult. There is nothing in
the operation which cannot be nustcicd by
an association of intelligent giain-giowers.
Tho meeting held in Sin Fiancistoascei tamed
f i om facts collected by it tint tlure is now in
stoiu for expoit 1)30,000 tons of wheat. The
iuotablo rate at iian Fianci-co is $1 70 per
ctnt.il or $."M per ton. Tho wheat now in
store forexpoit is thcrcfo ,. worth iu the ag
gregate in San Francisco SM.IiOO.OOO. On
yosteiday tho quotation in Liveipool was Us.
4d, or J'J SU per ce ntal, or Sod (iO per ton.
l'lie w heat now read foi expoit is thcicforu
worth in Liverpool ja,77O,0(K), or an excess
over thu aggregate value in ban Fiaucisco of
.M,470.00O. Upnu the bais of thu actual
coto? carnage, this wheat can be elcliveied
in Liverpool for S.S per ton, or f7,ti00,0(10,
le-iv ing a margin of $1:,S70,000. This is a
sum of sufficient magnitude to master tho sit
nation. If tho ovv mrs of tins w heat combined
as compictly and as intelligently ;,s one man,
it would add at least $10 per ton to the value
of this wheat iu San Fri nci-co, or an aggrc
gate profit to the commonwealth of 90,300,.
000. If a single individual or a axiulicate of
individuals owned all this wheat, it would
constitute what is know u iu the language of
thu Produce Kxchange, 'a corner in wheat.'
In that oaseevery one would expect that tho
individual or ryudicato would securu an ad
vance iu price, aril realize a stupendous pro
fit. The ow ners of this w heat can by concert
of action form a legitimate 'corner,' and ob
tain a legitimate price by actiug together.
Tho action taken at tho meeting on Wednes
day indicates plainly that they intend tod)
to, and if they act intelligently the entire sur
plus uow ready for expoit can bo made to re-
ale at least J40 per ton More the first of
January. AVcon Union.
in one ear the valuo of 1150 first class ships.
The average amount annually extorted by
ocean tonnage would build a fleet of ships
sufficient to carry the annual surplus, there
is in the State to ehy 1,000,000 tuns of grain
forexpoit. At ruling rates the freicht from
San Fiaucisco to Liveipool will take toll from
the selling pnee of this wheat of $22,000,000.
Thoaciual cost of transportation of this wheat
will not exceid 8,000,000, so that lonnrge
will leceive a net fieight profit of ?14,000,000.
The grain glower has no voice in the propor
tion allotted to him. The gross proceeds of
the sale goes into other hanils fust, and just
enough is given 1 1 the grain grower "to stimu
late production," just ns enough grain is given
to the work aniinils to preserve their produc
tive cap icitv . '1 ho plice to tl c grow er fluctu
ates, hut to the speculator the rate icmains
the same. The surplus of 1SS0 was w 01 til in
Liverpool, 00,000,000. The aveiage annual
production for ten cars past estimated at
the average rato w aa worth an aggregate of
S.W0, 000,000. This vast sum was produced by
the industry of less than 230,000 operative
agnculturists. They should be to-day the
capitalists of the country or at least the most
piospeious aud wealthy class. Instead of this,
thty are coiupaiatively poor and become poor
er as the soil becomes defertilicd. The specu
lators iu tonuacc and the commission brokers
have allowed thu gram growers enough to
"stimulate production," because tho broker
and speculator docs not want production to
coise or to be diminished. The grain glowers
can lemed this evil. The amount involved
should sccme the remedy. 'Ihe pel pctuation
(f the existing condition will cost the giain
glow ers of California 15,000,000 per annum,
or within five ears an aggregate sum suffi
cient to master and control all tho operations
Dt producing wheat in its final market at Liv
eipool, and leaping all the ptofit of produc
tion. Iu other wouls, it costs the giain glow
ers every year to lemain the slaves of specula
tion a sum sufficient to maku them masters for
all time to come. Tho solution of the problem
lies 111 nmstiiii'g the commercial appliances
and channels by which the subsequent opera
tions of producing wheat iu Liveipool are
cllectcd, and this is simply a question of mon
ey intelligently niicetcd. The money exists
in the vast sums t be saved, and the intelli
gent direction of tho me ins is to be found in
the organization of this now wasted capital.
Hut so long as the giain grow eis of California
cnttitaiu tho delusion that to placo wheat in
sacks at the railroad station 01 on the bank of
the river is the end of production, so long
they will continue to pioduce without profit
to themselves an article highly profitable to
the class which completes the operation of
production by placing it in its final market.
I'nonl-Union.
whatever to the freicht speculator, who still
continues to exact his 55 per ton with the
most delightful nonchalance. The small ad
dition of from 200,000 to 300,000 tons register
to the list of vessels on the way is now all
that is necessary to enable tho entire wheat
surplus to bo exported within the season.
The great danger is that much larger quan
tity may be tent this way despite the efforts
of the inonopoly, which to sustain itself is
inakinguse of everpossible maneuver to limit
the supply after January. Hut whether there
be an ov cr or an under supply of tonnage next
Spring, the lesult is certain to bo a loss to the
farmer to long as ho continues to support the
monopoly. The manipulator carefully watches
the tin 11 of the tide, and by dexterously
tiaiisfcrring his interest from ships to wheat
collects the ."i per ton directly from tho ship
owner, but equally to tho prejudice of
thu fanner, who iu the following season is
once more confi anted by a small supply of
tonnage and again allows himself to bo bound
baud and foot by tho monopoly. A spot
freight of 4 and upw arils is no real encour
agement to the ship-owner, as it very seldom
reaches him, while a frcightof 1 Lis, when it
docs occur is not even a temporary benefit to
the farmer, whoso wheat by that time has
gone into the hands of speculators. The
safety and intcicst of tho farmer lie only in
the open freight market, and this can be best
secured by putting his foot down on all ton
naze speculations. The most effective way to
do this is never to submit to an extortion
ate rats and by being always prepared to pay
a fair one. S. '. CironUle.
THE LOCKS AGAIN.
OCEAN FREIGHTS
It is only on tho Pacific coast that tl c
American Sampson is shorn of his sticngth
and has becomo the full prey of monopolists.
While the railroad exactions complained of
in the Kast exist hare iu an aggiavate.il. foi 111,
it is well known that our farmers do not de
live anything like tho same countei balanc
ing advantages fiom tho general railroad sys
tem of the continent. The through routes for
the gieat staple of tho Pacific slope farmer ure.
vcr toitunattl, as ono would suppose, on
tnc ocean highway. Hut stiangely enough,
vvlulo the eastern farmer is attacked exclu
sively on land, the Pacific fanner is most ex
tcnsivclv victiiuiul by tea. If Uncle Sun
ihould impose an uxnoit eliitj of "1 per ton on
wheat it would be legirded as a tertible blow
to thu chief industiy of tho Pacific slope, and
ct it would hut feebly express what the
fanner has snllcrtd during the last twelve
months, and what it is now proposed to sub
ject him to dining tho present season. An
export duty, if it did not fall to some ex
tent on the foieign consumer, would at least
do nothing to lessen tho supply of tonnage.
Hut nllow a few nun to uile the fieight
maiket and self-inteiest naturally prompts
them to exact the laigest tribute fiom the
fanner, ami with a view of perpetuating their
icign, to limit tho quantity of shipping. This
EXACTION OF TOKMAQE.
The harvest of 1SS0 )ielde.l iu California
1,200,000 tout of w heat. Tho supply was good
from every quarter, and Liverpool oilered a
rcelueed rate. The sum to lw runl j, to be
I div ideel lwtvv ecu all the operations f p-ssluc-
tiou. A reduced rate was offered ln.uc.nl ef
dividing the loss jiro ixidi among tho opera
tion!, tonnage and storage demanded more;
interest, commission and profit would not take
freight inonopoly not only imp iveiishef the
farmer, but cm pics the port miller and has
a blighting clleet on the general prosperity of
the coast.
The most remarkable circumstance connect
ed with our ocean fieight monopoly is that,
with a temerity unknown in the eastern
states, it alw.is places itself completely at
the mcicy of the farmer. This corner in
frtights is nothing more or less than "shorting"
thetvlie.it surplus of the Pacific coast. Yet
this rpcration, although one of the most reck
less that can possibly bo attempted, has so
liceu tolerated b the fanner that it is now
undertaken w ithout the slightest apprehension
of danger, and w ith a confidence which is only
Wu of a long series of unbroken successes.
To fix tho relative price of wheat bcfoio it is
even reaped is common enough among the
built and bears of Chicago! but to sell, in '
Tect, the entire surplus in advance, at a tcr. '
nble sacrifice to the farmer, and without mak
ing him a party to the transaction, is peculiar
only to the facibc coast. The tonnage now
in sight, and that which will inevitably follow,
to carry away what will remain this month of
the entire wheat surplus of thit state, are
intrin-ically worth 110 more and could be
maelc worth less, than what the majority of
hip owners are willing to accept. In plac.
inc. therefore, an exorbiust valueon thit ton
nage the freight gambler lays "himself entirely
at the mercy of the farmer, w ho iustiad of
meekly accepting rediculoutly low prices for
wheat, may at any time insist on the high
rates he was accuttomed to before the present
method of freight speculation was inventor
Owing to the extracretinary forbearance and
eiixiiii oi tne t'acific granger, tpeculat
intiean oi being on his side as in the
The tollow ing leader from a late number of
The Dalles Time is of general interest: "Tho
benefit of a fi co liver can bo more fully roil
ieel now when n bountiful harvest is finding
its way to sea-board, than perhaps at any
other season of the year. In the Winter sea
son, when wc have no produce to ship, wo do
not feel the necessity as much as during the
Slimmer mouths. Though the company is
offering gieat inducements to farmers and
shippers geneially, yet with competition it
would bo moie advantageous to all. In order
to realize this, tho locks around tho Cascades
must be colnpjeted, and also the obstructions
above this point icmoved.
In this connection, during the week, we
had a conversation with one of the engineers
of the locks, and he informed us that it would
take fully a million and a half of money to
complete the work. It wonld be economy to
expedite the work, as if it is prolonged for
any jiumber of years, the same expenses will
be incurred each year in tho salary of engi
neers, etc., as though it were completed in
three. The intention at present is to cob
struct a breakwater along the bank of the
river, which will insuio a smooth flow of
water. This can bo used eluring the whole of
any oidinary season, and in case of extra high
water, as '70 and '80, will be available for
about nine months. Next to the bank will
be erected a retaining wall, which will keep
all debris and stone from falling into the chan
nel. 1 lus will obviate the bug-bear of the
"moving mountain," which some are saying
will eventnally fill the canal. The truth is,
there will be no canal the water of the river
will be used, by building the breakwater, as
stated, son.e distauce from the bank, and tho
wall described w ill st p the falling of rock.etc.
Our informant further states that locks
could be constructed above hero very readily.
The river would bo impiovod to the Hig Kddy
so as to make it navigable to that point, and
then locks built around the Big D-lles; from
thence to Tunwater the channel of the river
could be ml of impediments so as to insure
safe navigation. Around this obstruction
locks would also bo constructed which would
allow b ats to pass at any stage of water.
The gentleman says that more difficult imped
iments have been removed in the Missis.ipii
and other rivers of the continent, and he feels
certain the work could be accomplished on
this river. All that is necessary is to get the
matter properly before Congress anil get suffi
cient government aid, which wo can do by
carefully studying our ballot at the next eleo-
tiou."
Death of Wm M. Band
We rcgict to have to announce that Wm.
M. Hanel, publisher of The Dalles Mountaineer,
is dead. Mr. Hand was about 47 years of
age. He camo to Tho Dalles fifteen years ago
and put chased the paper which he owned at
his death. He was a pleasant frieud, a good
citizen and in his profession was competent
aud assiduous, and was also courteous to all.
The annuities of journalism were never dis
turbed by him. His family have lost a de
voted husband and father, and Oregon, and
his own section especially, have lost a good,
citizen well and ably identified with the pub
lie interest.
A Grans Fair.
Mr. A. li. Shipley, Secretary of Oswego
Grange, was 111 the city last week and inform
ed us that their grange will hold a fair on the
second Saturelay (October 8th) of next month,
commencing in the morning and lasting all
elay. There will be a meeting of the Orang
from 10 o'clock until noon, after which time
the exhibition will be thrown open to th
members of the grange and the general public.
The exhibit will consist of cereals, fruits, pro
duce, and fancy work and in fact anything
that is desired can be exhibited. All neigh
boring eranges and friends are invited to par
ticipate, and wo can assure them a pleasant
time. These grange fairs, according to our
eastern exchanges, are pleasant affairs, and
we are glad to see them being inaugurated in
our Mate.
1 11
Tub champion peach cornea from fri.n .1
Walla Walla and measures IU inches in V.
...i i ,.., ' ,!'" im,anel, in- other we have seen this Summer, but a vn
rror, r.e lias become a far. ka.lv r 1..1. m. .... ., .
niononnlJ.f ! ZTJ Xr'.'V "l" 5" lPer "1
trom 114 to .i per tou-or an aggregate sum The fact that the freight question thi.acaaon
u. w. bv v..... ,t ,...i u. si.-,inv. ,roni the Uvuhuul' substantially ..fil-i
leas, so production tuffcrvil all aud mere tlian
1 ever com. i all the reduction of ivriee oeuifcrmiiiit nnn , .,...) a 1..; .
pUineel of have been long since ei.tinlv elim . ' larc. aunelv. Ocean freights ... l.vsn .K ..! ' ... e J! .c ' ..
......1 ti -1 .. . .... !'. " "" " mat. iur me monopou
.ii ..u i,ii..T as 11 now tunas is sue frjui
any euibarraasiug relations, aud ii uot iu dan.
gr from personal aspirations, A grvat le.son
, ... -..v-uM.iuvMaftM tuat mey raised
one that measured 14 inches. That is a pretty
big story, and we think the least Jackson
county pan do is to f ui m'th a peach of that
fair Tha lMdn.1 u 11 1 1
WO. Here the grain grower of California U.,t Uvor of the fanner ha. made no difference ' tl'ei tthlmJZnthlt