V
WILLAMETTE FAKMER: PORTLAND, OREGON, SEPTEMBER 1G, 1881.
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laiued every Week by the
niXAMETTF. FARsIEK PI IIMIimf.
TERMS OF SUBSCMITKtt.
ne vear. (Tostaire paid) In advanco . . 8 2.B0
III monthp, (l'ontaite paid), In advance
Less than six monthn II1 he, per month . .
AWEKSISINO HATKS
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Three Inches ol apace per month
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s sample copies seni iree on apiuicaiiun.
loibllesllon Office .No ft Vidihi-igtoii Street Lp
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CO,
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BOO
1MV)
SO 00
THE PRESIDENTS HEALTH
During the week past President Oarfichl
has been at tlio very borders of the grave.
Saturday his case was considered desperate,
with an abeess on tlio lung and symptoms of
blood poisoning to a fatal degree. Monday,
news came that his (symptoms proved not so
bad as reported; Tuesday he showed maikcil
impiovcnicnt and was moved for a half hour
to a reclining chair. He seems now to be al
most convalescent anil the prayers of the
Nation appear answered in his behalf. He
has passed through icmarkahle wcissitwles
and wo can entertain fair nones lor Ins re
covery. It is hardly possible that riiilu thu
course of human incuts any man's life has
hung on a more slcmlei thread or his fate.
been uatchcel nith Riich intense professional
eolicitud ; ccitaiiily there never was a hiiiuan
life that hung fo many weeks upon so slight
a balance, while tins of millions of loving
hearts wuited with such deep sympath) to
know Ins fate.
has shown that the management of a fruit
dryer is just the work for a family, where the
children can prepare fruit and the mother or
elder sMer attend it, but we commend to
every one to git a tlicnnoiiietcr for 00 cents
and hang on the outside, over the furnace, by
which to judge the degree of hiat needed.
As fruit promises to be worth a fair
price thiro is oppoitunitj in this v alley for
hundreds of drjing machine, and where well
erected they can be used for jears. The
valuo of thu apples and cars going to waste
in this State is crj gnat and it reallv sums
as if such fiuit should bo made marketable.
We fiel warranted bj our experience to rec
ommend macliiiiis made bj J. V. Ctawforel,
cilem. as capable of doing excdlint work,
ami, except the cost of the machine, actuall)
elouij it cheaper than fruit can be dried in the
sun, and when we have seen what fruit is ex
posed to III it has liicii sun dnid we have
wondered tb it it could be sold at all.
THE FUTURE OF THE NORTHERN PACIFIC
REOI' N.
IMPROVE THE COLUMBIA BAR
Wo coincide with those who imisiilcr the
iiuproiiiuent of t!iu bir of the Culiimbu
nvir a mattei of prime neiessity, iiiniu im
port nit than tlio charing out of thoihiuucl
of thu Columbia and Vi!liuittto fiom Poit
laml to the HC..1. The iiiipmicmont of thu li.u
invites dcip hi a icssds to intei .mil when
tliey mo nafei at Astona theyi.au git then
cargoes, oven if the cannot load dtep ut
I'ort'nuil. It is iiioio xmpoitunl to tliopio
diictrof the louutiy to line the cutlaiicu to
the river inijiioicd than to thu local iiitcustq
of Portland. 1'iople hue are apt to think
the pinspint) of tho Stuto iniasurtd by thin
own interests, which is u mistake. The
eoiintiy has no great couliiUnco in thu liliei.il
ity and iliiiitcicstoilmss of this town anil
does not wish to bu taxul nml loiicil upon to
maintained its fanned superiority. Whit
wo trail j need is to attract comment) to the
river, but vhat I'm Hand wants is to attiact
all this loiniui mi to its own w Imrvcs ami to
tax thu io..t on the people. It ma be n itunil
enough for the townsp, oplo to ciittsiilci tluir
own iuttitstR ns patnmouut, hut it is Justus
natural foi thu produens of tho iniinti) to
tako a hioadtr view mid deniuid tint tlini
interests shall receive Inst loiisuUratioii,
I " .. - . .. , i j
ili.innels of (ho livots betwion lit io and the
sea deepomd, theie is no icison why it
should not supplj means for its own nggr.ui
iWciiicnt. To mikuit pi nn, there is no icison
why I'oitland should not supply the money to
itikiuo In row ii piospnity, if it requires mom
limn Coiigiiss can buinduud tonppiopnite.
Of i-nuiMi wu fn in all the In lp from t'oiuss
that eau be got, but if tins amount is insuf
liciint to kiep both bai and mot ihiumls
III Older, we si) la thu bu leccivo liist at
tention. Them is a great dial of jealousy in
the minds of countiy people over tho as
sumptions and iliitus of the metropolis
They know that the piodiuei is the heel
rock on which all piospenty rests, and they
rightly iliim tliu liist tdinw fm him, 'J,0
wealth and pretension of the city win bo moie
easily asset ted than the modest claims of a
farming population, and the fanners aie ills-kmc-iI
to hold the men the) send to Congress
nnswcialilo lor the way public
nn. .... .......I '. I 1 ....
..,.,.,,.,. ,,uti., i, iiirir iiumsnii is mat lort'igN
commerce shall have all needed facilities, and
Ihey ro not at all anxious that Portland shall
monopolie that com men c, unless it ian be
ilono to best advantage of producer also.
Several inijioi taut f icts m connection with
the Northern 1'acide Kiilroul will ultimately
tend to the commercial atli ant ige of the Pa
cific terminus and insure the tiuaneial prosper
ity of that enterprise, 'lit se points show
vny faionidy when put in comparison with
the Central route because while that route all
the way from Nebraska to California passes
thiough a country scarce better than a dcseit,
and ,ie ually dcseit a gicat part of the way,
thcNoi thcui louto traietscsa countiy -that
oflcisgteatailvanlnges for scttlcmeiitand must
uvintiially do a heavy local tiau-portation
biisiuiss that will be a tieat assistance to the
tin inces of the cor potation. Thcn.igini, this
coi jioiation, which represents een a greater
Kngth of roul than both the L'nio.i ami Cm
tt.il loads combined, has only a debt, bearing
intiicst, of SIO.000,000, and its stock is S100,
000,000, wheleis the bonded dibt and stoik
of ihe Union and Cinlral figure up over 5.'i00,
000,000. .So that bite Northern toad can be
liaiittaiuid ,tt good pacing' dmdinds on stock
where the othn loads could not more than
linet tho lutcicst on then bonds
'I hi development of the groit intenoi tub
utaiy to tho Noithein P.iuilic will call foi the
building of iiumiious bi.auih loids and thu
piogiessof tlnswholu iigton must open up
lousidiiable tl.ielu with the Paiilic Coast
Mates which will bo a fiitmu advantage.
Tlnio ate guat mining ugtons in Malio and
Montana th it must tlevelope w hen they are
liiiehetl by i.ulioiils; these will be peopled
with working men who must bo fed, nml many
of out homo proeliicts will work that way.
Ihe futiiio of the entile noithein belt of
country, to bo tiaveiseel by the Noithern Pa
eifie an 1 ekvelopeel by the Oiegon anil Tians
e oiitniLiit.il Company, possessis gieat inteiest
anil many attentions. Only two )ousago
tnit'thii eiu of our present progress hud just
ionium view; sinio then wonileiful risults
have bun niliteveil greatn tlmn wo could
hivo biliuveel possible The pioniiso of tho
pusnit stuns positive, that the w oik of con
' -- ' 1... I.......U..I Vnll ir,t nil till.
plition. Out own ftituie is interwoven with
thi ill stimr-t tif tliu legions to the eistwaid
vuj ilostlj and wo lamiot uAuo what the
to any extent to account for this result and
that tho methods of cultivation are to blame.
We tolel him that if lie had plowed anil har
rowed in the Fall to start the weeds and had
plowed agiin as early as possible in the Spring
anil seeded the land, he could have counted on
20 bushels per acre, and lie replied that the
man of whom he rented ilnl so ind had clean
land and a gooel jicld, over twenty bushels.
It is true that Spring giam has s-ine danger
to encounter from rust but that has only made
any serious loss once in all the history of Or
egon, and expnieiiee shows that hill land is
not so apt as piatric to be damaged from tins
cause. Taking the success of the past into
consideration wc ma conclude that two
plovfmgs anil haiiowings will produce a re
liable ctop of w heat almost w ithout fail, and
keep thu giounel in fair condition. It was
one of the peculiarities of the pat season
that new lands well put in in the caily Spring
J iclded better in some localities than even
Summer-fallow, because forwarel giain was
injured by the hot spell the last week in
M.nli, followed by severe floats, and then
several weeks of cold, dry winds bofore tho
20th of Ma) did further injury fiom which
the plant did not everywhere recover.
Looking at the whole subject of graiu cul
tivation there is great reason to urge bettel
cultivation and moio cai e. The soil is won
derfully and pernianentl) productive and we
have no right to charge our culpablo fanning
upon it to depreciate its value. l)t while
we consider this subject let us take a broader
view than to include the immedia'e future
and seo whether a system of cultivation can
not be followed that will maintain and even
etiiieli the soil, instead of leading to its in
evitable impoveiishineut. In this woilelthe
rule is: "Lino upon hue ami precept upon
piciept," so wo must bu paidoued for lepeat
ing what we have latily said urging fanneis
to put land dow n to permanent pasture, and
keeping moie stock, instead of following
wln.it farming out to the end knowing the
end must eventually be elcterioration of sjiIs
'Ihe true expel iiiient of seeding to grass has
not often been thoioughlv trial, but tho few
who have tiled it have met with satisfaet ly
results. The on'y lisourco we have in favoi
of mixtil fanning is in glowing fiuit and sow
im; gtass seeel. Land can be seeded down
witioutl)tu.' ban hi a single yeat, ami if land
is kept li elf the time in grass, and the other
half in grain, its fcitility will bo assmed.
Keep some of all kinds of stock, but leincm
her that sheep ale called: " golden footed "
because they enrich wherever they tread. It
is uiidoubtielly tine that the man who keeps
sheep anil has half his laud in glass, well
managed, will make moie money, and cam
it with greater easo, than tho man who fol
lows wheat as a iteady thing.
Land is becoming too valuable to wate in
poor fanning, and that valuo must be eventu
ally destioycd if there is no change from con
secutive ciops of gram. Tho toniedy is at
every m m's hand and the man is greatly to
be blamctl who does not cultivate his land
with such judgment as to piotect its feitilitv
from severe loss, so that he can leu e it as a
is confirmed when wc read that capitalists are
investing great fortunes in planting orchards
and constructing canning anil drjiiig estab
lilnnents in California as they become aw aie
that they have very choice fruits ami have
the world for their customer. While wc do
not grow as wiele a range of fruits as thev do
in California, we do grow all fruits that arc
known in the temperate zone, and theyaio
especially tine in flavor, actually finer grain
anil flivor than similar varieties grown in that
State, anil we constantl) lecognizo that peo
ple who own Und that is peculiarly adapted
foi fruit are missing a great opportunity in not
planting out orchards. We are told of an
m chard m California that paid nearly SSOO an
acic for its fruit crop the piesetit yeai ; and if
that is not a bonuira wo cannot see what
pioduct ot the cat th can be so. If such
eiopsasthat will not pa) for six yeais of
cultivation -what will?
FRUIT AS A FARM CROP.
California new sn.inei. with tlm mini nl
fitlnie must I ting us until we gi.isp the iele.i glonlieation peculiar to that moelest common
BETTER MARKETS FOR DRIEO FRUITS.
In view of the fait (hit the fruit crop of
oi wiut Hie iioithnn lilt of count!) will at
taiifnf wealth anil popnl ition, pmspenty and
pioductioii within tw cut) ) ears It will to
ipiliu that time to bung about .1 fair tleiiletp
ment, ami whin 1000 minus it ma) liiul Pon
land a much largei ut) than it is now, and
also bio u great uty on Puget Sound, with, a
populitiiiii of millions oeiiip)ing the temtory
betwetii the Itock) mount nits ami the Paufio
OlV.lll.
Ilio futmu will bring to our states manu
faituiuig industiios ami a labeling jiopulition
to bo fed ami elotlieii. The pitseut is pios.
pirous in a linnet', but tho futiiie gives piom.
no oi iiiaiimt) anil peifection smh as wo
have uuv u leached mid is unattainable to a
nuw and mil) foi mini; state of society. Wo
moiinv is may look fin moiu solid pmspuity and more
iwriuaniiit advantages than California can
ailnevofor the reason that wo have much
gieatu natiiial rihuur.-es, more wealth of
nam, nipper, lead and mil, forests that wi'l
prove inovli instable .is a soitico of weilth,
soil that will last, and u iliumtii moie ciiuable
ami in man) itspeits to be picftncd. The
feitileiagiou llistof us will bo iiunilvantauo
California ! noui possess, and when tlm
tho Atlantic) States has Millered greatly in
Hoinensjiocts, tlio crop of peuchts for Instance iiiitui) iliawstna close it will cutaiiil) show
njo)inent of a
being n nbsiilutu failuie, whuois it usuall)
is inimeiue, wo have some reason to look fur
an nupiiiv eel nmtkotf. r Oiegou dneil fiutts,
and wo heat tins wouk of a, uli iiinite li n
w IipIomIv houso of SOOh ues, or2.lHH) poumls
of Pliiiumer iliieil sjiples to a Cilifmni i ojht-
aior.
The apple nop and some other funis, aie
not so abundant as inual this year with us,
but tens of tlmuaamls of biulteU of fruit w ill
go to waste, ami either rot unelej the tries or
bo i ton by hogs. In view nfprobableimprove
ment in the market for dried IrenU we urge
upon nil who have orchards to save and elr)
the fruit in the boat possible manner, Wu
have wiuie leceut experience in elr) nig fruit
ami have proved that it is possible to prepare
fruit in the best pmunhle manner and com
mand good price for it. To elect a dryer
is not ilillicult tlintj; apparently, but it u
uot o easy at one would imagine to propor
tion tho heat ami construct frames and trays.
iiiviug loii.nieraoio ciioioe iruit to use we
eiK'rimeiitel with ilrjers and finally pur
ehasiHl a riuiiiiuer ilr)i-rof ,1, W Craw foul,
of Salem, who comtruiU them of U't lilu
ilriid lumber, wire tiays to dry the fiuit on,
ami a beating apparatus adapted exactly to
t'io purpose. With this ilr)er we have made
ajluilly perfect f'uit, with no lack of heat In
tlio machine, but with cam required to pre.
vent It burning the fruit, ao that there it
boat enough ami to spare, We can eonntifnd
t.ua drjir to all who have fruit to dry with
assuranpo that wit ordiuar) precaution any
the Coluinbiiiii irgiiui in the
pmspuit) of the most attiaetive and jiu.
mam nt cliaiacter,
WHAT POOR CROPS MEAN IN 0RE00N
Whiuevirwo luai of pmir irops in this
v.Muiiia, i is .am in en inline or tlio cause.
Some jHoplotalk about thoexliiiistinnof soils,
but wluti wo eniite to land that has bten in
ciop forllO to 40) ears and lospoiuU with :j
bushels per anv on a Summer f illow, wu can
put it down that the soil of vestern Oiee-on
lias ijualities tltat are not readily exhausted.
Such instances aioso frequent that thev carrv
the convution that the soil is unsurpassed for
permanency and onl) needs honest cultiva
tion ami ordinary iaru to be prolific for all
time. Much laud in tl is valley lias become
foul with wild oats, soinl, French pink, tar
weed and many other wsl that infest th
soil and need to be exterminated; ami to keen
on sow nig stubble jear after )ear to r pro
duce audi pesta as we have named is worn
thau fo'ly It n in defiance of the laws of
Nature. A good Summer-fallow puts the
ground in condition and gnu the soil rest,
but we doubt if that l the only reined).
Hiding on a wheat wagon, coming from the
lulls into Salem, one day this week, the driver
told of his utter want of success in farming
10 ana's of good led lull land that was so full
of w ceils and ever) waj foul that he did not
get ovr three to live lunhiOs of wheat to the
and so made
wialth, rcmiiks that when tho woild was
impoverished and in debt California canio to
its nlief with untold millions of gold; when
the woild was threatened with tcaicity of
Uead, having exhausted its placers tho
....1.1.... Ui.i- l . .1 .
(jeiiiii-n oi ne cuaiigeii us pastures into wheat
fields, in the nick of time, and the navies of
nitious came there to loul with grain and the
hungry people vveie fed; and now, last but
not lea,t, whin tho woild is lich and has
means to supjioit luxuries mid feed its delicate
appetite, California conveits its foot hill into
Tiue)ariisaiiei onlianls, semis luscious fruit
to epicures of Kastern cities, and they pay
six dollars and a half a box foi Uirtlet nears
and California piaches, and iecogni7o the
piovielenco with which tho Pacific coast waits
iu timely attitude, to supply their needs
The picture is drawn from our memory of
what some one told us thev read in a Cali
fornia journal, and while not virbitun is ccr
tiinl) characteristic of oui nughhors stv le.
and we iepe.it it because we claim that some
thing of the same will be true of the North
ern Pacific as soou as time brings us complet
ed connection with Kiste-in cities by continu
ous rail. We have done out share t wauls
feeding the woild foi jears put, and tho pres.
ent)ear shows a wheat surplus for export
from tho Columbia river far gieiter than wai
ever Known oetoie. The ei.i of mil. ,l
building is upon us, with even gt eater fei veil-
c iiiui .is Bier Known to our neli ueicliuoia
o the South. The development of the
country is pushed with earnestue-s ami energy
that will soon girdle tho continent on the
Northern course with continuous tails; ami
when the time shall come then Orson will
appear as a successful competitor in Kastern
markets for the choicest of orchard products
From the Mates of Oregon ami Waslnnuton
ll the fruits of the temperate one will Imj
furuisheil with such abundance ami excellence
that the world will have fresh cause to reoog
one the Pacific coast as the source of mater
ial blessings, for wo justly claim that all the
fruiU we grow are of richer flivor and gener
al u,uauiy superior to those grown in Califor
nia, w Inch is due to our climate Iwing to freo
iroiiiaicissitiiileaof heat and cold. It is a
peculiarity of Imuiau nature that man cau
uot see well in a.lvauce ami hesitates to plant
for the future. To plant an orchard ....,. t,.
put filth in the future aud wait weary
years for the trees to grow ami fruit to ripen
The tune is close at hand when we sha'l have
opportunity to test the excellence of Oregou
fruits, of w Inch there can be uo doubt, in
Kastern markets, and the wonder u that so
few verou are planting orchards of the var
ietien of fntlta w hich can lw marketed there
THE NARROW OAUOE SYSTEM
Consielciable grain is being shipped by the
nat row gauge railroads to points on the Wil
lamette river, w here these roads reach that
stieam, anil tians-shipped thence by steam
boats to P. rtland. The projectors of these
roads had m view a complete system with the
valley branches making a junction on the
Willamette below Ha) 's Landing, and a main
roael taking tho muted trallic thence to Port
land. People who live along these narrow
guago lines of lailway and took an interest in
that roael fei I much elisappointeil to sco these
railuajs end wheic they now do at both sides
of the Willamette nvei, because theyasscit
that tho tiaus-shipmeiit of their giain is a
dnect loss to them. We wcie disposed to
doubt this assertion until uirjuiiy shows that
there is truth m the claim that some loss
Occurs Millie gram is iienif Handled nown
slides and leshipped. We .nc assured that
o te m in w ho made a heav y shipment found a
loss in weight on its anival at Poit'and of
1,1)00 pounds. Some giain is spilled, sacks
arebrol.cn, ami in such wa)s loss occurs tint
some people inteicsted sa)scosts thein'J cents
pci bushel cm wheat We meiel) give thtse
f lets foi what they aie woith; as presented
li) lntnesteil peisoin, without an) dispai.ae
incut of the management of the loads, and
will pi oceed to consider the advantages tint
the people of tho uppei valley think will
accitte fiom the completion of the load to
Portland as was oiigiuallv contemplated.
Upon iiujuiry wo le.ain that the grading is
completcel to IJrtelgcpoit, on the West stele,
and within eleven and a half miles fiom Poit
lend, and if vie are not mistaken coii-nlci ible
dialing is also done within that distance and
niaier. 'Jhe tiack is laid four miles noitljei
ly to loi tl mil below the point where the
West side blanch stnkes the liver. We arc
informed that estimates in ide place the total
cost of coiuplctiiig ihe loul into I'oitland,
including the steel lads, at Jli",000, .and
soiiiethm ' over irfOO.OOO. sav &.'2T.000 in all
will coustiui t tho projected bndgo over the
Willimitte nvci nt tho junction Considei-
lug the tulvaiit.ages to result from iui)iiu
fieight shioiigh to I'oitland without tians-
iml v lstllliOregl)nilKMTlTlCs.TJlOVrn".'.'',
tivelv light cost of eompletiug the road, the
niuciieasiii giaeles to reach this city ou the
Wist side b) the smve)s of the n mow gauge;
and also the iinpoitaut fact that quite a valu
able section of eouutr) between Hay's
Landing and Poitl.iud will be developed by
coi.sti uttiiig this mam stem, and it seems as
It the building of this loael cannot Inn.r l. .1...
la) eel. The expenso of luimiiiir tlm , ,.-,,!
when eompletul cannot be much more than
at pi esent and no more rolling stock will be
is now used to operate the
for less nipney. 2d. Can wc, the farmers
and wheat dealers, do that ! I think we can
if we-avill but co-operate together, nml here
is how we can do it: Tiny have the ships and
we havo the freight; now if they will not take
cargoes at fair figures ueenn keep the freight
and they can lay ielle, which would be better
than to allow oui labor and the cream of our
soil to go into the pockets of freight speeu
lators. I want cveiy leader of the rvioiui,
w ho h is vv heat to sdl to report the number of
tons he has for exnort. and say what he is
willing to tnku for it to the FartMm, and
dont neglect to ask a fan price for it. I vv ill
commence by repotting sixty tons that I villi
holel for thnty-threc dollar and sixty-bix and
two-thud cents (S.kt 003) Pcr ton, and tl.ey
can't havo ltfwracent less. Con.e, brother far
mers, lets heir from )ou. The markets of
the world justify one dollar a bushel, and
more, and equity sa)s you should have it,
and if you will hold out )ou can get it. The
best into eats of our State is in your hands,
anil the hands of our homo wheat merchants,
who ought not to allow foreign ship owneis to
eat up our profits. So come to the front and
let us see how much tonnage jou will pleelgc
youisdv es to hold for a dollar a bushel. "A
faint heart n'er won fair lady," and let us
have a fanners' convention as soon as possible
to consult tOEcthcr and in the meantime let
every fanner who has money loaned to his
brother farmer, anil can possibly do w it'iout
it do so, and if jou have any la) ing uw.ay
rusting dig it up and let tlio needy farmer
have it on his wheat, tlfcreby enabling him to
hold his wheat. Tie battle has been forceel
on us and we have the advantage of giound,
and if wc retreat the fault is ours.
Hoping to hear from you, binther farmers,
I am veiy titily, thine for the light.
F. M. DaiiNHL.
needed than
branches.
WHAT A SPECIAL EDITOR SAYS.
Last Winter wc published an intcrestin,.
description of the Cold Spriug country, Uma
tilla county, furnished by Mr. A. F. Parker,
now editor of the Nez Perco ,,, Lewiston
I. T., and he writes us, as follows:
s a n Lv"'M-T., Sept. 1, 1SSI
S. A. Clieki, F.sq :
i Ve?-Mr J"st ? I,m' t0 Iet kn that
about .100 liuiuiries fur information ........
to nn- iet. ... i. v. --::"" :t?,'"
Spring country have come in from every State
..' IS L""' 'UuI, "ot.a kw fr01'' ' la'l of
the Hint. Noses. I .ashly undertook to invite
correspondence but the task of reading it
alone is not light, and I cm onl) reply to the
most intelligent and representativ e class w ho
write.
Juesslhave ou tile some of the stupidest
etteis ever vviitten; one nun wants te'know
If the dun Uo is iood for rliiin,t. i
as being ileci.lo.lly uiuejue, vv hen wo remember
how rare rheumatic i...i... . ' , r
diligent eiiipuries as to whether there would
mm mnnni' in ..... .. . i
i . i' "'"'" spues aim ilr) imr them
and .till ano.heris afraid that Uie,pw Vnot i"
Boo.1 country for pi unes because Ins last ) ear's
crop was killed by frost. This u lJl ...
U . .... 1 ..
tillllv K
.ire, aim so iu.a.ie a worse nun Milure The to U-st advantage. We hive reviewed this
reason was that the weeds look the cron A matter for inn unl, .. ,.. ...ii..
It IS self.eviilent II, if 1... 1 ...
voting for General Jaiksnn ,.i . .i...t.
steeiHil in Houibouism. "'"""'"
1 he i m .r.il of all this is that the special edi
tl n of the Iarmkr has been the means of at
tractuiir a lareo shm ,,f .. ,s
... i ii i - . . .-Miieuii iu ureiron
and Washingtoa.and whenjou getouttn
other like it. nleas ,.t . !,.,.. ...'J i , ...
, ,. .....v KMun ,uu i snail ne
fo?' ,t ,0.,.Prua''""rart.cle on North Idaho
lor it. Ihi. country is not well known, but iu
iV'f'0' .t.a,Ural ealth "i any way
ahead ? anything , Oregon and Washington..
A. F. 1'arm.k.
The Wheat ProblemHold: for One Dollar.
Sastmm, Iann Co..SeDt. 12 istsi
li. I I -! V1 It A -. .11 - t
....,. iMuieiie ranner;
Permit me through jour journal to havo a
Ulk with my brother farmers on what is our
nghts. First of all ev ery man ought to have
a fair price for hit labor and no more, that
being the case we ask: Do they get it, and if
not, wuat is the reason! This question wej
........,.,:, , ,uu mis time, though we
vsill try aud probe the question at far at the
farmers are coucemed.
Itt,
rhere is a ring within a nn?. t ,.
trol ihippmg, so at to make the producer,
believe that he is receivinc all for hi. hi...
ik.. . .. .. . r- "
NllfK nv Tilt Kuitok. The Pakmeii will
aiel an) movement of fanneis to the best of
its ability, but iu v ievv ot the fact that at the
present time the vv oi Id has a light supply of
shipping we cannot call the rise in freights
the vvotk of a ling entirely, but we have ul
vv.a)s contended that men who can affoid to
hold their grain should d so. If fanners
will co-opeiato t'ley can undoubtedly hotter
their condition.
WHEAT GROWERS' ASSOCIATION.
Meeting of California Farmers to Combine
against Extortionate Freight Rates
San Fkacisco, feept. 14. A meeting of
wheat growers desiring to form n piotcctivc
association was held at Grangers' Hall this af
ternoon. The object of the meeting was to
make a combination so that wheat growers
should hold back their wheat in order to re
eluco the exoibitant Kites of freight demanded
fiom this port to Live! pool. The attendance
was large aud cmbiacc-d sevcial piominent
fanners of the State. II. M. Lame was elect
ed Chairman, anil J. W. McCarty, of Modes
to, Secretary. A Icttei fiom Mr. Osirander
was read, enclosing a set of resolutions for the
foi niation of a w heat grow crs' association with
the following objects: To insure more fre
quent inteieourse of wheat glow eu lcsidnn.' m
Illicit nt p.aits of the Stite; to enable wheat
? i" t" li"" ,"noiilvnna reliably ,,,-
tormed at all times respecting crop prospects
in this and foreign wheat producing countries,
local and foreign mai kits, shipping facilities
and any other information that may insure to
then benefit; to enablo farmers to reap the
oeneui oi nigiiit ioietg markets by charioting
vessels and shipping their own wheat; to
secure unit) of action in influencing legislati n
in i.ivor oi too gtcat agncultuial iutercsts oi
the State; to discourage all practices which
may tend to lower the standaid of California
wheat in the great markets of the world; to
enhance tho value of our wheat and increase
the producliveness of our land; to enable
wheat groweis of this State to act with
promptitude and efficiency in any emergency
iu which their interests are threateued. Re
solutionalso suggested that the association
snoulil act in concert with the Graugers' Bank
anil Grangers' Rank Association. The rcsolu
tion was referred to a committee comnosnd nf
o. . v.ampiK.11. ot Colusa, Dan Iiiman, of
Lneimore, Mr. Jacobs, of Tulare, mid A. U.
Logan, of Colusa.
The following committee was appointed to
revise the st itistics presented by the various
committees appointed at the last meotimr nf
i... ..... .......
..io iiuiiiiiuy oi w neat in the State: A. C.
Pauls II, f Stockton, J. MePike, of Stanisla!
us, Mr. Gaidner, of Solana. and Mr. Knnl5h
of Contra Costa.
The committee retired on returning report.
The committee ou Ostrander's resolution
repoiteel favoiably, and it was adopted.
The committee to ascti tain the amount of
wheat in the State were unable to make a
complete report, but accounted by counties for
IM7.000 tons, and concluded that there is now
iu the State available for export uot to exceed
UoO.OOO tons; tonnage on way, 400,503 tons;
in i jwrt, eiusged, (U.Uyi tons; ilisei gaged, -1,
. , ....,.. v.. Mi m carryiug capacity, a
total of 715,333 short tons.
D. Iiiman addressed the nieetina iu favor of
two cent, per pound for w heat and a wheat
grow ers' organization,
Caleb Doraey offered a resolution that grow
crs hold on to their wheat until such time aa
tcssda will carry it at reasonable rate;
adopted.
The Chiir said that if wheat waa held until
Jan. Ut, freight, would be down to 3 ter-
ling and wheat up to two ceuta.
Mr. tnglish favored the withdrawing of
sampiea irom tne hand, of dealers who make
use of them to bear the market.
Dr Urattan (tateil that small grower. wer
iu need of money, and that thoy could better
afford to sell wheat at preaent pncea than to
pay oue aud a quarter per cent, for money.
Mocia ioii tliould nroviele mean. ),
warehouses, or at si per cent, on San Fran
cisco or Port Costa receipts.
The Chair said that tho Orangers' Bank was
loaning all over the State at seven and eight
per cent., and he understood that it would
loan on vv heat iu warehouses ot the association
at six percent.
English's motion to organize was adopted.
Mr. Adams, manager of the Oraneers' Busi
ness Association, explained that 'the associa
tion eoulil store 20,C00tons of wheat at SI for
the season, or at fifty cents for the first month
and twenty-five cents for the following three
months. They could obtain money on large
lots of vv heat so stored at six per cent., with
out any compounding interest, and he thought
there would be no discrimination between
largo and small lots. Ho also explained that
owing to the scarcity of railroad cars they
could sell wheat near ship easier than up
countiy.
English offered a resolution that a commit
tee of seven be appointed to draw up a plan
for permanent organization of a wheat grow
ers' association; adopted. Forty-one names
were handed to the secretary, of those pro
posing to join the organization. Tho chaii
appointed as a committe on organization, W.
B. English, of Contra Costa county, E. J.
Cobbs, of Visalia, A.. C. Paulsell, of (stock
ton, A. D. Logan, of Colusa, L. M. Hickman,
of Stanishus, H. L. Ostrauder, of Merced,
and T. E. Tynan, of Stanislaus, with instruc
tions to report at 10 o'clock to-morrow morn
ing, to which hour the meeting adjourned.
Industries In Union County.
Union county has a large variety of indus
tiie3 for a new country. Besides the common
occupations of farming and stock raising there
may be also enumerated those of mining and
manufacturing, all of which aro conducted on
a pretty fair scale. The extent of our manu
facturing maybe seen by the following enu
meration of the different manufacturing es
tablishments in this country. There aie
seven grist mills in tunning order and one iu
course of eonsti notion. Of those now in oper
ation six are run by water and one by steam.
There ate seventeen sawmills of which eight
aro run by water and nine by steam. The
steam sawmills have an aggregate force of
more than 200 horse power, and the amount of"
lumber w hich may be turned out from all the
nulls daily is something over 60,000 in inch
lumber, but the amount which is actually
sawed is a great deal more than in board
measure. Of other mills of this kind there
are eight for making laths and shingles, and
live planing mills. Among other manufac
tories we have a tannery and two cheese fac
ilities. There are also in Union county sev
eral lime and brick kilns, and many smaller
i stablishments for the production of tho com
mon wans. This is certainly not a yory bad
sho v ing for a country whose first settlement
dates back but a few vears. Union County
Iletoul.
North Idaho.
maiituw"" an .uaUaagixH.fra.lt a. can very i.a.un. result of such farming Now Ti , f h n the 3abl ."o th! ! T I '' "" 'dW- " "Mta -W
bedcusl. The rast'uionth or ,... we claim that land bar not derer.orite.i V
Die
which n ouey could be obtained at lower rates
ou warehouse receipts.
hngl uh moved to organize a wheat crow era'
association of California.
J. Applegarth said he was informed at the
Bank that the Unk would loan mon-
Col. V. J. Patker writes from Camas prairie
to his Walla Walla Statesman, as follows
"This is the richest and most prolific countrj
I have ever been in, and the strides it has
maele since my departure Loin here in '77, at
the tune of tho Nez Peice war, is truly won
dertul. But from now on the rapidity and
substantial nature of this growth depends
largely upon railroad connections. This year's
crop cannot be utilized and is almost all sur
plus, as the greatest part of last year's wheat
is yet ou hand. The iailroad must tap this
section sooner or later, as the produce here is
ready for maiket. Lands require no irriga
tion only thorough and intelligent cultiva
tionto produce bquuteous crops, thus insur
ing the industrious and frugal man a good liv
ing and a competency from the first; but to
accomplish this a-railroad is needed. Until
that time comes the settlers raise enough grain
for their own immediate needs and depend
almost exclusively upon stock for their sup
port ana profit. hen this country ap
proaches this condition, the effect upon the
towns of this section will be almost magical,
sui rounded as they are by large fertile vallejs
which even now-ate rapidly settling up with
men of small means, but with abundant pluck
ami eueriry."
Vakama County.
There are 69 acres in hops in Yakama val
ley. The yield this) ear is claimed will aver
age 1,600 pounds to the cre, giving a total of
110,400 p mnds. This is an increase of 8,400
pounds over last year. Allowing only 25
cents per pound to be realized this year', crop
will foot up S27.G00. Quite a snug sum to be
set in circulation in our county. But in our
opinion the estimated yield is placed too low,
aa also the price in view of recent quotations.
Some of our hop raisers estimate the jield at
high as ISOO pounds to the acre, but in mak
ing up our estimate we have thought best to
take the lesser figure. Hops, when properly
managed, require about as much care aa corn,
and it.ia extremely difficult to get at the exact
cost of drying, curing and baling, aa the cost
varies for different localities. The picking it
mostly done by Yakama Indians, hundred, of
whem are now engaged in picking the early
crop. This will be first-class in quality and
medium to fair in yield. The late crop will
be first class in quality and yield. Rtconl
Destruction of Game.
We are reliably informed that certain par
tics on or near Upper Burnt River are in the
habit of killing deer, and throwing away the
carcass. They kill just for the mere sake cf
killing. This practice cannot be too .trongl)
condemned. Hunting i.,, an ennobling and
manly sport; bnt no man actuated by the feel
ings of a true hunter, will kill game .imply
for the sake of killing. This i. brutal and
sinful. Besides it i. a violation of the spirit
of the game law., and they are liable to lie
prosecuted. If only ordinary Prudence be
observed by sportsmen and hunter., there will
. pii-my oi ueer ami other game in our moun
tain, for many long year, to come; but they
will not last very long if .'aughtered in a
en percent, ou receipts of coVu 1 1 1 CoZ? JT
ma vium - -