Willamette farmer., April 15, 1881, Image 1

8
VOL. XIII.
BtOnTB OF BAttWATB AND OP THE PEOPLE.
Editor Willamette Farmcrt
Tho Issuo between the corporations and the
people Kemi to bo forced by tlio position taken
by tho Central Pacific JUIlroad Company,
which of all corporations it would teem should
shun such prominence, from the fact that the
immense wealth of it magnates has its origin
in the generosity of the governmout and tho
blind terms of the act of Congress creating it,
of which they seem to hare taken the most
selfish and unscrupulous advantage. The
time is close at hand when this issue will end
in a contest which must either establish the
omnipotence of the people and the inalienable
character of tho reserved rights of tho com
monwealth, or gite supremacy and power to
tho corporations. With the rights of the peo
ple well assured and ascendant we have noth
ing to fear and corporations, though they may
U hold with a firm hand, will moet with uo
injustice) but if tho power of corporations is
uphold by legislatures and courts, vvhllo they
may temporarily exult they will eventually
mourn, for tho result will bo resolution and
anarchy if it is shown that with existing con
ditions tho community is to bo at tho mercy
of tho corporate powers,
Tho truo doctrine, and tho 0110 which must
eventually bo established Iwyond all question
is, that tho State or nation has no power to
plcdgo tho government to any act that is
against publia policy, or that can atllict the
masse for tho agramtizment of the few. Ro
fore this great pi iuciplo whatever past legis
lation bos grauted exorbitant powers or priv
ilege w ill bo set aside by tho courts. As to
corporations, unless they are a public benefit
they havo no right to exist, and when they
becoino an imposture and extortionate, then
tho rights of the people they imposo upon wilt
becoino paramount and must -bo asserted.
Thero is nothing revolutionary in all this) but
it is revolutionary for corporations to become
extortionate. It is usurpation on ono hand
and the well being of tho masse on the other.
It Is only when all are benefited, and proijvri
rtyatfcntU tho world at large, so that all who
work can be reasonably well housed snd
clothed and fed, that a country can bo said to
enjoy prosperity iu fact. Great wealth of a
fow Is always accumulated at the expenso of
the many; laws should aim to prevent such
individual accumulation and secure a mure
equal chauco for success A it is, the man of
schemes and expedients, who never labors ox
ocpt to plot bow he can circumvent his fcl
lusv, yiccicds. pftMiln becoming a million
aire. Of (lie great fortunes that exist to-day,
most of them have grown out of systematic
plundering of tho people. If thero were no
great railroad and telegraph corporations and
these great enterprises wero conducted by tho
government in the interest of the public, then
we should see no such antagonism, and if
there was honest management of theso works
by the government we should see a m rr
healthy condition of things.
It Is no doubt true that the bonded debt
of the railroad companies of tho United States
represent the actual cost of all the railroads
in the nation. If bonds aro to bo outstanding
to represent this cost, why not the bonds of
the United States iustead ef the bonds of
these corporations? If the bonds outstanding
represent the cost of these undertakings, what
does tho immense amount of stock represent,
ou which these roads and telegraphs are sailed
to pay dividends! Water. The answer is
short and complete. Much of this stock may
be considered as a financial invention ficti
tious wealth created from the gallability of a
great people, w ho stand idle and powerless,
like a giant unconscious ol strength, waiting
for deliveranse, when they need no deliverer
but the exercise of their own power and sense
and union of action to consummate their own
right rights which no legislature can give
away and which no corporate monopoly should
dare Infringe. Ovk or the Pcorut.
Oolax.
A town has been laid out on the old emi
grant road from Western Oregon to Pendleton
and Walls Walla where the said road crosses
the Umatilla rier, at a point that was for
merly know n as Rrassfield' Ferry, There is
already a large general merchandise atere, a
saloon, blacksmith shop and feed corral in the
town. The O. K. ft N. Co.' railroad is lo
cated through the place, and it being the cen
tral point iu that section of country is des
tined to be the shipping point for all that
region, Loti for building purposes can be ob
tained there at reasonable rates. East Ore
gonian. The Leading Photographer
Of this city is Frank Abell., And in-every
sense of the wonl he deserves the title. Dur
eg this pleasant weather excellent negative!
can be token, and, as a consequence, good
photograph are the resuU,
S ' - I SSSSSSS. ll "" ' ' 111 Ml I . .11 - SS S S S 1 III - -r"
THE RAILROAD M0H0P0LI8T8 AND THE NEW
YOIIK CHAMBER OF CO MMtKlili
Tho following late dispatches show the as
sumption of tho Central Paeillo railroad mag
nates and tho thorough manner in which it is
met by tho New York Chamber of Commerce,
and needs no comment!
Niw Yomc, April 7. Tho chamber of com
merce motto-day, when a special committee
on railroad transportation presented a rtport
giving tho views of Lcland Stanford in regard
to tho principal governing the relations 01
railroads to tho public President Stanford
denies that railroads are public li'ghwsyi and
common carriers, deriving their existence from
the State, and assert that they owe no duties
to the public, other than those of tho mer
chant, farmer or laborer. Ho denies tho ex
istence of discriminations upon roads with
which ho is connected, but justifies ihcm in
principle. Ho sulmtsn'ially admits that rail
road companies contribute large sums for the
control of nominations or elections, and sa)s
that it is no better nor worse than whore tho
saino Is dono by Indlvlduils. Ho claims that
steck watering is a matter which affect only
individual owners and in which the public
have no Interest. Ho repudiates the idea ot
State regulation of railroads with the wonls,
"What you proposo in regard to railroad
property Is to my mind in lino with principles
contented for by communists and agitators.
Kearnoy advocated no doctrine, in regard to
property more atrocious than tho principles
embodied in tho granger case and tho law
which they sustain." 'lhopantcea proposed
by President Stanford for all tho o ils of tho
present system 'of railroad management is
"Let us alone."
Nrw Yohk, April 8. Governor Lcland
Stanford, of California, received pretty rough
treatment at the hands of tho Cliamlier of
Commerce Special Committee in answer to his
elatorate letter on transportation. They
characterize his letter as reniarkable for bold
ness of assertion of railroad claims and lofty
contempt for tho decisions of our courts, which
tan only spring from consciousness of power
which fairly joins Issue w ith thoso mado In
lichalf of the public. In answer to Governor
Stanford' assertion that railroads owo no
duties to tho public except as merchants, far
mm and laborers, they assert that the courts,
from the low est to tho highest havo decided
that railroads are public highways and com
mon carriers bound to make but reasonable
charges, and these without favoritism or dis
crimination. In answer to this denial, that discrimina
tions against communities or indlv iduals are
practiced by the roads with which ho is con
nected, they quote Congressman Daggott, of
Nevada, as saying that a merchant at Toano,
having a special contract, pays $82 per car
load less freight than a merchant at Palisade,
although the carriage la 129 miles more.
Freight on boxed eggs from Ogdcu to Toano
cost ono man 33 cent per box, and the same
number of eggs in tho samo sized boxes of the
same weight cost another man 03 cent. A
hundred pound of squashes costs one man in
freight 61.30, while it costs another 65 cents.
A car load of candles is taken from New York
to San Francisco for $3, but if left at Elko,
610 miles less distant, the charges are f 8, be
ing the through rata to Sau Francisco and bock
to Klko.
Regarding the ascertain that it is no worse
for railroads to contribute to control nomina
tions or election than for individuals, they an
swer, that while in principle it is not, in prac
tice it is far more dangerous and objectionable.
It being largely a question of degree, just as
one predatory animal is more dangerous than
another according to it size and strength.
They claim that the record of the New York
Central road show that had that road not
watered it stock, the public would now be
I $75,000,000 letter off, and 07.000,000 of
watered stock would not now be in exittence
to afford an excuse for further taxing the pro
duction and commerce of the country for all
time to come. Even stealings have in the
past been capitalized, prominep' example of
which are found In the former management of
the Erie, and New York ft Nt w Haven rail
roads, and they, add, the Central FacifioIUil.
road Company have been adepts at these prac
tices, and though its Construction and Finan
ce Co., it has inflated it obligations to the
fullest possible extent. Regarding the denun
ciation of decision of the supreme court of the
United Stated by President Stnaford, it is,
the committee claim, useless to argue. It
may, how ever, they think, account for the
recent attempt to place upon the supreme
court bench a prominent railroad attorney,
and in the face of such utterances it benooves
all patriotio citizens to zealously guard against
preferment in any department of our govern
ment of men who have been sen ants of great
publio corporations, who are likely to sympa
thize w ith these great corporations to the de
triment of public interest.
PORTLAND, OREGON,
In rcsnonso to tho plea that railroads should
bo left alone t- manago their affairs in their
own way and to decide what is a reasonable
chargo for service rendered, the committee
quote from Congressman Dairget's speech that
all the money ever Invested by stockholder
toward construction ol the Central Pacific wa
$12,500, and that tho officially reported valuo
of tho road in 1877 wa $180,530,000, repre
sented in part liy $54,000,000 of watered stock
of tho Central Pacific and $30,000,000 of tho
Southern Pacific, beliigait aggregate of $1)0,
000,000 in stock which cost them only tho
price of printing, and upon which they are
compelling tho public to pay them 8 per cent,
yearly in dividends. The Southern Pacific
has been constructed and paid for from the
earnings of the Central Pacific, ct the owners
Issue $50,000 In stock and $40,000 in bonds
per mile and chargo such rate as will cuablo
them to culled annually 8 per cent, ou tho
stock and 0 per cent, on the bonds.
The report includes w ith the statcmont that
great ellorts aro being mado by person In
railroad Interest to provo that railroad con
solidation, with all Hi increase of power in
tho hands of a few men is in tho interests of
commerce becauso It reduces tho proportion
ate expenso of operating theso modem high-
wa) and n constant declii o In charges for
trnusiortatioii, U pointed to in confirmation
of tills theory. Your committca nro of course
aware of tho greater proportionate economy
of operating large than small establishments
of all kinds, and to this, railroads are no ex
ception. Wo hav o no objections to all rail
rovls in tho United State lieing consolidated
into a single system, provided that the sj stem
is controlled in public interests; but as long as
railroad managers permit gross favoritism and
discrimination against both communities and
individuals, so long as thoy seek by stock
watering and other devices to obtain front tho
publio more than reasonable compensation for
service tendered, so long a thoy try to per
petuate theso abuse by obtaining control of
legislation, and tho judicial and exccutlvo de
partments of our government, just so long
must we esteem cousolidaticii of rail
road power detrimental to all cla'se of
citizens and a perpetual menace- to the publio
welfare; for it is calculated to rediitrihuto the
wealth of the country, virtually concentrate,
the commerce, of tho nation iu A fc-w hands
and nutting, all other tributary thereto.
1 ho report gavo riso Iu the loanl to an un
usually lively discussion. Ciiarles Watrous
sild that ho had personal knowledge of tho
truth of Congressman Daggett's figures. Ho
had been intimately acquainted with Mr.
Hopkins who owned half as much Interest in
the Central Paciflo Construction Company as
Governor Stanford, and who left, when ho
died, from $22,000,000 to $28,000,000. Of
this, $5,000,000 in government bonds, that
nobody knew anything about, was found
stowed away in an old stocking. Hopkins
was a good hardware merchant, but could
hirdly tell a locomotive from a cvnal lat.
Of the eight original Directors of thernad ouly
five were present when they went Into the
scheme. John F. Henry corroborated Mr,
Watrous' statements. Ho said that the for
tunes of the Directors of the road wero esti
mate.! at from $20,000,000 to $30,000,000 each,
all accumulated within a fow years. The
charge for certain clvises of freight from New
York to San Francisco is $2 per 100 It, aud
for the same freight from New York toOgdcn,
800 miles less distance, Are $4.80 per 100 lbs.
Such charge were an outrage, but they were
no worse than thoso at this end of tlielinujs
Colonel hredenck A. Conkling, who was a
member of the Thirty-Sev enth Congress, which
enacted the charter of the Union Paciflo road,
showed up the frauds of that organization.
For Gov. Stanford, with forty or fifty mil
lions of dollars, made out of robberies perpo
tratcd on the people, to write such a letter,
struck the speaker a an act of unparalleled
audacity-one worthy of stronger language
than that of the report. The report of the
committee was adopted with a whoop, only
one member voting acainst it.
Dairy In DinaUUa County.
At last there is a good prospect of having
a long felt want supplied. Two gentlemen,
recent arrivals in our State, Messrs. McDaniel
ft Ollrien, have purchased two ranches up on
Wild Horse, and have commenced operations
in a st j le that promises well for their energy
and future success. They have purchased,
and will further purchase, a large number of
cows, from which they intend manufacturing
butter, and eventually, cheese. Hogs of the
best stock have also been secured, They will
raise 150 acres of timothy, and lieside carry
on farming operations dow n at Juniper Can
yon. Such men build up a country Weston
Leader.
Have VMars lUltam at "lid Cherry si
tu) at land. It cm Coughs, coUa, UromhltU,
VV riwpUr Cougu, Croup, lufluiiuu, Consumption, and
til Throat ao4 Lun- CwopUiul, JO w nU sn I II a Iwltl
FRIDAY, APRIL 15, 1881
WHEAT BHIPPIHO.
Pacini! Rural Press. April. 0.
The shipping of California wheat to Europe
has been progressing at a rapid rate during
the last three months, anil tho amount of
wheat and flour sent out during tho first three
quarters of tho harvest year is larger thin
that shipped during any whole yosr preced
ing. Tho deliv erica ot flour and wheat at San
Francisco from July 1st to April 2d compare
a fotlowsi
1870 80
Flour, qr. ok 1,480,700
Wheat, centals... 10,605,000
1880-81.
1,705,400.
13,087,500
Reducing the flour to wheat, we havo the
equivalent of 14,411,000 centals wheat this
year to date, agalnU 11,022,300 centals for
the same time iu the previous harvest jcar.
Although this large amount has been sent out,
there is abundance still remalnhsjr, and thtte
are about two scores ship now in port under
charter to carry wheat. Thus our magnifi
cent crop of 18S0 is working off and will bo
well out of tho way before tho crop of lbSI,
which puunlsua to ho also immense, will ho
also ready for tho ships.
There are certain points concerning the
prospectivo carriage of wheat which aro of
great interest at this timo. One is that San
Francisco is in imminent dangcrof losing aoinc
of its prostlgaasa wheat shipping port, be
causo of tho heavy burdens which are hid
upon ship owners by the port regulations, etc.
San Francisco has tho reputation of bring the
mott expensive port in tho country to bring a
ship into. This Is unfortunate because It
ultimat
wmks disastrously to our wheat
grnvve
should certainly find nothing in
the wa;
he cheap export of their grain.
The Hot
ii Pacifio railway authorities an-
nounce
ly that they intend to carry wheat
East
O the Gulf of Mexico, and many f
growersSif tho San Joaquin valley are looking
forward(to the timo when their grain shall
not coirie' svaarKan Francisco bay at all. Such
a resup Mould bo no more than fair return for
tWr-V, ttiou plicd upon shipping hero by
tho great cost of this port, Ilutwu are fear
ful lct n turning away from San Francisco
may ultimately place tho business so far in
the hands of tho railroad that thero may ho
no more healthy competition !ctwccn ship and
rail which will prevail nt first. It is an en-
couraciug fact, however, that there seems
good reason to expect a largo licet of wheat
ships in theso w attire the coming season, as
report havo already gone forth that another
year of urge production is fori shadowed. It
l believed that the present tendency to uso
steam instead of sail in tho short vojngo be
tween European port, etc., will throw a lar
ger number of sailing vessels upon tho Pacifio
ocean for cargoes. Tho progress of tho change
from sail to steam is worthy of note. In tho
export of the Oregon wheat growers' meeting
last mouth, It was shown that the shipping
Interest of each and every maritimo nation
shows a decadence iu tho number of sail ves
sels. .The largest maritime nation, Great
Rrithtn, is a fair exionciit of this. Sho has
lost within tho past three jrar over 500,000
tons register in sail vessels, ami gained over
1,000,000 tons register within the same time
in steamships. She enters this year with
contracts for building a larger number of sti am
ships than ever before, and whose average
registered tonnage is very largely Increased
over any former year, very few going below
3,000 toils, while many run over 7,000 tons;
for it has been demonstrated that tho larger
the steamship the more profit received, Nor
way, which hail a fleet In I87U of 7,082 sailing
vessels snd had only 300 steamships, added
quite heavily us 18S0 to the number of steam
ships with mere leiiig built and others to fol
low , While she has been building steamships
she has not added to her sailing fleet, at it
was demonstrated that steamship could be
constructed so a to carry lumber cheaper
than sail vessels. France ha enacted a law
offering a bounty to French owners build
ing steamships in France, and therefore it is
morally certain that a very largely increased
number of steamships will be built in that
country-
So long a we can have plenty of ships and
a competing route to the Gulf of Mexico, Cal
ifornia can produce wheat t) advantage. It
it wheu some of the several go-betweens
which separate tho producer aud consumer ar,
range for an unfair amount of profit for them
selves, that the price falls so low that the in
dustry is threatened.
A new invention for pulling flax, which will
pull from ten to twenty acre per day of lint
or oil flax without wasting the seed or injur
ing the lint, has been made, and patent ap
plied for by S. W. Gaines of Scio, Linn coun
ty, Tho adaptability of Oregon soil for rais
ing flax, and the necessity of some such inven
tion to cheapen its price, and do away with
Chinese labor has been long felt.
iCIica
mi.
STOCK NOTES.
Horse thieves are doing a thriving business
about Willow Creek. Out of fifteen ) cartings
that Mr. ISrcvver, a widow lady, hod gather
cd, foitrt-en of them were stolen last week.
Tidings.
A. II. Rrcyman, Esq., of Priucville, was in
town Thursday. He Informed us that he
had traded his horses, cattle and ranch, over
on tho Yakima river, for a largo farm near
Da) ton, W. ,T. The trade amounted to $.1(1,
000. Mountaineer.
We are Informed that Murray )lrothcr, of
Dayvillc, Grant county, aro aliout to move
their band of cattlo to the Yellow Stone, in
connection with a herd that Mr. loseph Itax
tcr is aliout to move to that section ol coun
try. Mountaineer.
Mr. Robhim, of Unier Ochoco, has moved
with his band of horses to tho Malheur, the
road compauytakiiig possession of tho land on
which he has lived for the. past clove? jeair.
We understand that tho company huv o gra
ciously allowed him to alio rcmnvo his f.imih
and cooking utriiill. Ochoco Pioneer.
Mr. Reach has established in Lako count)
a stock fai m which promise to (,'ivo Smith-
ostein Oregon such it reputation ou tho Pa
cifio coast for line horses, a Kentucky now
has throughout tho Union. His stud com
prises imported horse of the finest pedigiee
and tho most desirable individual quahtits.
Ashland Tidings.
A. II. Chase, tho will-known oittlc-buyer,
has returned fiom the Umpqua valley, where
ho ha purchased quite a lot of young stock.
Husasthat thousand havo been purchased
by Jackson, Drake and other, and thoy will
toon bo driven thiough this county to South
eastern Oregon. Jacksonville Times.
Noah Robinet caino in from Trout creek
Wednesday, and reports tho loss of stock In
that vicinity as insignificant. Tho graas.lxdh
there and iu Antelope, is growing line, being
ahead ef that in this vicinity. OcIiocj I'm
neer.
Messrs. A. J. Splaw n and John Polly are
driving to Portland this week a band of some
2G0 head of stall fed cattle to bo delivered to
Mr. Johns hi of that market. Most of the
cattlu composing tho Kind are not only large
hut are iu uvccllcut condition. Some, of them
were purchased from Mr. George Sin.'h, of
Kittitas Valley, aud tho remainder f om the
ranch of .Missis Phelps A. Wadloigh, of the
luwvr Yakima. Yakima Record.
It is expected that fully 35,000 head of
sheep will be sheared at New Yoik lUr this
stasoii, E. II. Cummins ha rented the ware
house at that plaoo and propose to store and
care for the wool fur two cent per pound,
boarding tho luuds during shearing. 'I hi"
method will save the cost of hauling to the
river mid will give seller an opportunity to
pool their wcxl, thus nuking butter terms.
Over two huudred thousand pound of wool
will probably bo shipped from this point
alone. Columbia Chronicle.
Meeting of Or me Convention.
Hall ordiuMi 1'iuimr. Giuniik, No. 10,
April 2, 1881.
liy courtesy of the Llun County Council,
P. of II., tho county meeting of Patrons for
the purpose of electing member of tliu next
State Grange convened at 12 m.
CalUd to order by County Deputy It, A
Irvino. Ou motion, S. S. Train wa appoint
ed Secretary, and a committee of live, on ere
dt ntials, was ai pointed, as followsi F, M,
Kier, Win, Cyrus, M. Scott, P. F. Muuker.,
S. S. Train. Adjourned for diuner.
Re-assembled at 1 r. M., and tho Commit
tee ou Credmtials reported a followsi
Harmony Grange II. C. Powell, J. (1,
Powell, A. 0, Marshall.
Charity F. M. Klzer, J. M. Tharp.
Grand Prairie Jame Churchill, O, Fr)c,
Itobcrt Foster.
Santiam Harvey Shelten, F. M, Daniels,
Wm, Cyrus,
Sand Ridge E. Swank, Moses Paikcr,
Matt Scott.
Jordon Valley James Forgey, O, T. Fiost,
John Ilryant.
Scio E. F. Munkers, Joseph Rill) eu, I". T.
P, Duality.
Knox llutte-M. II. Wilds, R. E. Conn, F.
Trut.
Lebanon-David Smith, J. M. Settle, It. A.
Irvine.
Harrisburg, E. llonlt, Wm. MoMkcu,S.
S. Train,
Oak Plain A W. Stanard, Mr. Stanard.
Tunjjeiit C. T. Ingram,
On motion, proceeded to liallot for member
of tho State Grange, resulting a follow! M,
If. Wilds, Mrs. J. II, Wilds, S. S. Train, .Mrs.
M.J. Train. Adjourned.
R. A. Ikvim-, Chairman.
NO. !.
TEXT BOOKS OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
Wo havo received Ironi thoRoard of IMucv
tiou of Oregon a statement ot tho result of
tho official canvass of votes of County School
Superintendent ol tho State ou text books to
be used iu tho publio schools of Oregon, for
the four years ending October I, I885i
ron r inn aii r and common hhaum.
Orthography. Watson' Independent series,
vix.t Child's, Youth's and Complete Spelter.
Reading Tho Independent scries, consist
ing of Primary, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth
and Sixth.
Penmanship W. L. White's system and
copy-hooks. . ,' , l ii?
Arithnictlcallrookii' scries, consistinof
New Primary, Elementary and New Writteu.
Geography Moutcith's Independent Ele
mentary and Montcith'a Comprehensive (both
Poclflu Coasted.)
Grammar Sill's Practical Lesson Iu Eng
lish, and Clark's Normal Grammar,
United States History Rarnes' Rrief His
tory.
Iicnoral History (for beginners) Peter Par
le' Universal.
Science Monreith's Popnlar Science.
Literature Westlaku' Common Scltoor,
Citireuvhip Young' Government CCu
Hook.
FOII AIIVAMTI) IHIVIIIJ4.
Arithmetic Rrooks' Normal .Mental ami
Ilrooks' Higher.
Algchia Ilrook' Normal Eleiuentaiy.
Gi oiuctry lliooks' Normil.
Gencta! History (advanced) Anderson's.
Composition Swiuton's.
Ph) siology Steele' "Fourteen Weeks."
Natuial Philosophy Steele' "Fourteen
Week."
Chemistry Steclo's "Fourteen Weeks."
llofmy-Steclo' "Fourteen Weeks."
Rook Keeping L) toV
tJEES AND HONEY.
lKILVle April 1,188'.
Editor WUiniiietto Pitt men
In )ou paper, March 1 1 til, I ano inquiry for1
i patent bee Idvc. 1 have invented and am
gottiug patented ono of largo size, capacity
1150 His, where hoes will not awnrm or one
inn make artificial swamn at will, surplus
honey being In nine apartment with devico
to shut the bees off; can obtain honey without
presuuee of the beoi, or without disturbing
them; i-uu sepvrato bitter, or lolx-lia honey
from finer griwlfs; eau shut the bee oil from
ono or all tho 0 compartments at will; com
prisiiifr .10, nine, lb frames for broad comb,
138 one lb frami and 03 four lb frame.
Honey can l strained aud empty comb re
turned to be r filled or honey used or sold in
comb; Id vc large and durable. Capacity
equal to eight Longstroth liivis.
M. V. Enmkv.
Mr. Enslry also ask where ho can et a
swarm of Italian bees and their coat; would
like to get them In exchange for hi hire
a id invites correspondent.
George Ebell w litis fiom Raker City that
Mr. Emmet Smith will ilnvcll to send ono
dollar to A. J. Rout, Mi.liiu, Ohio, for his
A II C in bee culture, and he will not think
of using any pali nt htvca after reading that,
admirable treatiso on Uo culture.
How to Uake a Hot Bod.
A fnind write to know how to make a hoe
lied and wo Invite those wrll acquainted withi
sucli work to give their plan for doing so, and
meantime, we will ),-ivo the way wo used to do
it ) ears ago, though wo may a well intimate
that hot bed are ustiall) made aud planted
earlier than this; often in February and
usually in March, though it will utho timo
to force a grow tli of such things as tomatoes
that are tender f col 1 nights.
We dug about a foot deep and filled with,
warm horse manure and then covered with six
or eight inches of rich soil, ami enclosed some
in a Ixix or frame a long a donired and
width to be covered with wide cotton cloth,
Havo tho cloth roll on a stick, and iuclino
down towards tho South, like a roof, so a to
turne water, and the sides coinnup to tho
cloth all around. It ii about as good to use
their cotton cloth as good and much cheaper
at first, thmiidi if a man wanted to make
permanent business he could get ehusp glaaar.
and make lough sash to cover the hot Uils..
Hoveys Illustrated Catalogue
Of new and rare plants come to us In fine
shapo. ills enl homo, ett ililislud In Itostoii
in 1631, ranks at ono of the oldest and most
reliable establishment In the United States.
Resides giving all tin now plnnta, ho semis
soul aud plants of nil tli-t well known and
dosirahlu flower that should Wound in every
garden. .Send for eataloiigo and ocd to
llovey, 111 South Market street, Rotten, and
you will be well unci,
V,
X