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NVlMAMMIrS tAhMftK J'OUTLXTiD, OUllOOK PKimUAhY 4, te.
MAP OF WESTERN OltEaON AND YA.
, n A EXPLANATIONS.
ncpront O. C 11, It. nn.l limicliet, from IVirttanJ Hnitn to Itflioliiirir.
llvpiwciiU tlic N. V. It. 11., (rum Kila.iu an the ColuiuM rltcr, Nutlli loThccmaon IMMt SoitnJ,
Mil tho I'lijulliip l.nuirh. '
ltcpro.cnUOroiioiil.iii Itally Co.'t Narrow Omje roa.1, ltli Lnnrhr J on botli rliUM'ot tlu WIl-
UinctUi alley.
. j.7,',if nff.v.'7 '.l:"" ';"',t,0,1 'f"1" ",0 ""P '" n'ror Kii(r l.rnnch to Slu rkUn, VmiiIiIII County! tto Ilia
O. k tt It. II. W branch from Allutiy to U'Imiioii, In l.lnn County. '
lie io mn I rinruro.
Or.ij.iii kiiiI UtwUlnf.
Tjie lino from the month of OoluniliU rli or, South, Imllratn Ilia ocrnn tnm.hlp, route to Sn Pi
1 ho rcuilir l rumln.Kil that tho ColumUi rlur cututltuUa tho illtlilon llnu lilnccn Orivou kiuI
ton Turltory.
Thy annurcr Iim in ula annra mlitttia In upo'llnir proper mmc, ulikli e ro not amiunttUs for, anil tin
nlttcJ tome prominent jIiiH that ho .u InitruclcU to name.
Kroui tlie Wllltinutte Farmer of lcc 17, 1S0.
TUB IMCBFHJ NOKTinVKST.
DESCRIPTION Or TIIE CHEAT
COLUMDIAN REGION.
Particulars as to Climate. Soil, Pro.
ducts. Kcsourccs, Statistics, with
Facts and Incldonts Con
corn'ngt Oregon and
Washington.
wxtTKits onxnoy ANII WARIirNtlTfiy,
Wu present our rem. el tliU wnvlt with a
map of W'ojtern Oregon nml WiUiIiiimtou to
lllustrnte the tk'crlptiiu of tho auvcrat eoim
tics which follow, Tliii in.ip Ii Itoumluil on
tho l'lut by tho great Casc.-iilo r.tnjo of iiiouti.
talna which ruin Xortli ami South ami
divides tho country into what is known as
tho Eastern ami Western regions. Wlillo
thero ara n few ti.ue.i iliscovcreil throuith
tho rugged Cnscado luauntains over which
roads or trails h.ivo been made, tho
great bulk of travel is by way of tho Columbia
river, which cuts Its way tliroiijgli tho range.
Western Oregon and aihington have very
similar climate, humid ami not often dis
turbed by uxti'cmcs of heat and cold, as tho
direct liillucnces ol tho sea nlr, heated by
warm ocean currents, preserves tho humidity
tho year round, and regulates tho tempera
turo. Wo can readily illustrato tho character
f n.. t!..... ..I!. .... I... .I. ..... .... ...... I.
ui wui .1 iiuer eiiiuiitu uy mo paav inu weeKa.
December cams In will, what for this country
was unusual cold, This cold was mora In.
tense Rut of tho Mountains, and suddenly
navigation closed there. Tho ico that coma
down from above gorged tho Columbia below
tho Willamette, and matters looked serious.
This lasted a week or so and as suddenly the
weather chanced to warm rains from the
South. What Kastcru Orvini people call tho
"Chinook wind" came tip tho river and swept
oir tho frosts. Suddenly again tho rain In the
lower Willamette valley changed to snow,
which fell to tho denth of 8 or 10 inches, and
extended Hast of tho Mountains far and near.
Now tho snow is a!l cone. Warm winds and
rains havo taken it all away, and the atmo.
phero is so tropical that winter flannel aro
uncomfortable. At tho head of tho Willam
ette valley and over in Dourlas county they
had neither rain or snow, wliilo snow fell
here. Last night we sat and wrote all the
evening without any flro, and it is very poj
aflile, wliilo there may bo cold rains at times,
that wo shall have no sharp frosty weather
from this until Spring. It is often tho eve
that our farmers timl Jannarv and February
cood seasons to nut in erain.
In addition to publishing a map of all
Western Oregon and Washington wu have
gathered from the government land ollices at
Vancouver, Oregon City and lloseburt', and
theotliconf the Surveyor Ceucr.il of Oregon
here, statements from which we compile a
lame snowing me supernclai area oi lain! in
each county, tho Amount that has been sur
veyed, amount not surveyed, and how much
I... Ii..n .uf.l...f 'I Ii... tl..BAa !ll 1... ......
lit... wvvii u..i!.-u. licao liuiliva Mill lit aillM
plimcntcd with statement of lands in each
county held by grants from government,
such as lands -.'ranted railroads and wagon
roada, Inula awarded totheSUteand terri
tory for educational and other usea, so that
we can promt a lair idea of the land in each
county available for further settlement.
During the past week we have vinited
Astoria to acquire information concerning tho
counties down the Columbia rher, so as to be
able to describe them with sutiif ient accuracy.
While we present many statistics in tabular
form, which is a sreat savinir of snaco. we
also sketch each county in a manner as graphic
as can be dono in a few words, to give a gen
era! idea of its location and advantages, lay of
country ami cnaracier oi son ami prolnct
and such features of interest as will advantage
the general reader and the intend. ni? iin.
migrant.
CUT80P COC.NTV
general character of laud is hilly, and even
mountainous in poitious, runt mini heavily
wondnl. Young's llty extends South from
the main harbor nml it West and Smith of
Astoria) into thli bay put BiVeial utti'iun,
Young's river, Clankaninu river, nud Lewis
anil Clarke's river at tho mouth of which, on
Clatsop plains, thoy Wintered in ISOI. Tlnsu
streams alt head up towardsSaddle Mountain,
a striking featuro of tho Columbia river laud,
senpo to tho South, which is part of n range
of hills that dUtdutlio Nchaleiu liver fium
tlicso streams, nml Col. .lames Taylor, nuu of
mo oiucsi rct-nioiiti ol lliat cnuulty, informs
us that a valley of It! tn I." miles wide, by '.'0
to'.'.'i miles lung, is mndoby tlieov stfennn,
with low wooded plat-aux be t wren, all of
which is rich Moil and well ndnptml, heu
cleared, to all varieties of ccu-nla, fmiti mid
vegetables, Tho low lar.ds ate generally
covered with alder nml vino maple, but nro t
tho richest soil) tho uplands have oecailon.il
springs, ami aro often heavily wooded with
fir and snruco that will somu time command
value All tliii region is unexcelled for cat
tlo and dairvim; and is but aiiirmK- iieeiini,-,!.
To tho South of Satbllo Mountain coined in
tho LTcat Nchalcin river, wliieh heads nut
very far from Its mouth, circles tor iUi) miles
ami olfers a beautiful val ev on thu inahi
stream and its branches that is certain one, day
to become densely jiopulateil nml iiiuensely
productive. Along the Columbia nlxivo As.
toria we coino to John Day's river, which lias
a beautiful and well settled v.dley Kick, that
makes no show on thu main river) almvoaro
occasional clearings until wo icaeli Kuappa,
back of which is iiuito a settlement, located
on tablo lauds ami fertile prairies nml along
Knappa creek. Another good settlement is
back of Wcstport, which i near the Ivuteru
county Hue. Wliilo this coveis the Xorthcrn
foco of tho county, which is only partially
settled, back of it lies tho rich nud uxtcusivu
Nchalcni valley and tho bench lauds adjoining
it, all of which, nearly, is vacant laud. A
great part of Clatsop county has never yet
been surveyed, and in thu future tho greater
i-ortiouof it will become, valiialilufiiriniiiL'buid.
Col. Talcott, of tho Knginecr Service, U. S.
A., was employed to run-a preliminary lino tn
aco how a railroad could bo located, ami ho
asserts that thu uplands between thu .NVlialem
riverain Washington county constitute nil
extensivo region of timbered uplands lying
favorably and of great feitility. This region
has nover been aurveyed. Col. Taylor repre
sents that tho appearance of the shores of thu
Columbia is no indications of thu lauds back,
as all tho way, on hotli sides tho river, when
back from three to livu miles the laud Incomes
more level and suitablu for settlement, which
la no doubt tho cam. Tho tides rise in tho
ri era putting into Young's Day, nml consti
tut.io lama area of tido lauds uihui tlinao
streams, and givo excellent Miiga for cattlo
tilths year round. These tidu l.imlioaii bu
easily ilykod ami made avail iblu for prnlllablo
cultivation. Of course nil ivirts of Clatson
county are well watered. Around Saddle
Mountain and the head of the htrcimi running
North from it excellent coal has been found,
and tho doposit is so ureat that the fiituro of
tun counts' must nevclopu iniicli wealth from
this source
ASTOIIIA,
Standing on a point of land that reaches
out fnto tho wido stream, Astoria present-, a
plctureviuo view. Hero was thu first ostah
Iiihment of Oio American I'ur Company, and
the relics of their buildings and works were to
be seen not long since. The business houses,
hotela, wharves ami -vsrehoutc aru all built
out over tho water. Ah a point of supply for
the mllla, fisheries, shippingaml trade ol tho
lower Columbia, the town must grow stuadily
and the development of the couutiy ainuud it
will aid that growth. Thero is an uxtensiva
region dependent on it that will gra lually till
up and becomo Pinductive. but as vet tlm
rush of linu(,'riitioii is for an ieu country
xiiciu inn inuw eau no inn uj HOIK at Olieul
Lies in the Northwest corner of tho State, Lbut when all is taid, it must bu apparent that
oouiu oi toe entrance oi lite uiumma rivet.
A sandy peninsula about ten miles long and
one to three miles wide, ties between Young's
Day and the ocean, and reaches to the South
side of the river entrance. This land consists
of sandy lieaches thrown un by tides through
post centuries' the soil is light and excellent
for pasturage and soino kinds of grain (not
wheat) and vegetables. Sheen in considerable
numbers, as well as cattle ami horses are kept
here, and dairying forms a leading industry!
there are five cheese factories on Clatsop
plains. Owing to the fact that these "plains1'
were acccsublo from Astoria and easily
tilled, thev were oocunied bv the verv euliiMt
MtUmtUTsbsswlototilaiTsUa. Apart
Iras tUa snail fotVom tt tU comity, tit
rich and inexhaiiitablu lands that are su near
market cannot long lie overlooked. Thu
States of New York, Ohio and IVnnsylvnnla
had to be in great wrt redeemed from just
such a wilderness, and the whole region of lliu
Ixrwer Columbia oilers greater advantage to.
day than the great States at the 1-a.it did,
even half a century ago.
All along the shores of thu lower river tho
traveller is frequently in sight of fisheries and
canneries, or saw-inilli. These aru thu VMihlo
industries and though they are of great im
portance and produce million they do not
mateiially concern us, as wu aru coiisiderlii"
the agricultural resources of tho count", ami
the development that is Doanihle fiwri that
Undpotnt. Hut the agriculture of this region
auwt always And ft majtkat tot its product by