VOL. -XII. EASTERN OREGON. Territory of Great TorUllty, aa Large aa Mew England open to Immigration. Lutein Oregon in a much more cxtt-iialve legion than Fouttm Washington, but has at tracted lc attention of latu than the latttr because It lloa more uinotu from transporta tion facilities. 'I Im steamers which reach thu tinner Columbia anil Snake rilel liml thu if product of thu Walla Walla niid l'nlnuu 'I'.-ll -!.!.... ... f. :..!. Il I....I ..1,11.. aui')s wnitiii tuinivni. nivm ini,i ,,,,,. the agricultural area of Lutirn On gun, cx etpt In Northi ru Wnco ami Umatilla cntiti. tin aro no distant a liaully to Justify extend, rd iroiluction. Immigration also, sc-tk a country nc treat to tranaportition, no the set. tlemtnt or r.uurti iv nsiiingion nw oimo j,onu on nioru inpidly than in the couiitic of Oregon to tlm hniithwaiii. .Mine nit necu written nbout Washington than Oregon be came the Northern Paeillo ban an imincnsu lincl grant thatlicNin that toiiiitiyi coveting it but agricultural lands, ami ban Ixeii mix ion and Milling to make it iidvnutai.'i known, when a tho Kiplu of Oregon hae duno nothing to iniiuiragu Inunwration, ami the Oregon anil California railroad, whine grant lien in Wiatuii Oregon, wan nnlv inter ested in attracting attention to thu Veitern valley. So e enter upon tho work of tics cribing lantern Oregon with no published statement prepiretl, to consult, anil hive to work the inatttrup from cm runt fact and material anil from our own perxonal experi ence, but foi tun itely, iluring pant )cnr, wu have traversed nearly all thi country, ami aru moderately familiar with it contour, it ri-auurce of all klud, and so speak with a measure of cotitlilencit of whit we h.tvtt si-en i and uxnnc-ncml in person. WASCO l-IU'MV. Ouly a levy year ago thu Willamette valley was Oregon, but heiu i one single county Kat of tho Cascade w hich hi nu an-n eiU il to that of tho nine counties of tho Willamette valley and must contain l.inda.iilablu for tit- Kiiti-qual to half thu fanning land of the Willamette. A Touch estimate of tho domain of Waco county aliow tlut it contain at Ua.it eight millions ol acre, it n iiaiuraiiy divided into dlitrict. a follow! Tlm stream that havu their rnu near Mount Hood and (tour into tho Columbia or Do Chute river, reaching from the Ciwcadu mountain to tho ' 0m Chute, and from the Columbia on the North to thu Wann Spring Indian n-acrva-on the .Smith, with Dalla City for it ceiitirt wo call thi the Dalle ilnttrict. Another lo cality, bordering the Columbia and reaching from thu Dei Chute river to Umitilhi count), we will call tho John J).vy litnct. The .Mid dle dUtrict include Antelope deck, Trout creek. Hay creek and Willow creek, that pour into the Deachutt, and other stream that head with tin m and pour their water e&atwnad to .1 ohn D ly river, "South of thin lie thu Ochoco ilUtru-t.w ith Printwv ille for it center; containing a good deal of excellent land now utilized for tock range, with limited farming operation to supply thuhouiudfui.ind and gold mini that are worked to tho Kat ward among the spur of thu llluo mountain. The Dallui district coiiimence nt Dalli City and contain alrt idy considerable popu lation and livenilhd intort-Hta. DillnClty list under and upon n Idull an 1 ia u pi tie of gnat iuipjrtauce, a it ban an uxteulie tr.idu with Klickitat and Yakima to thu North, anil with the lent of Waaco and (inut coiiutit to thu South Itcontaiu t-eiiral thoii'nud in lutbitant, In nuny chsnmug lestdencc anil it luck street iiru bc-iiitiful with loliigr, while the huainot ortioii of the touii I building up hi a nuhxUutial form Hick of it are hich hill, and from tin erv highest of thcau hill thero look down upon th- town a i splendid faun of .VX) ncru. owned bi Mr lllinl, who hi tliut ilemon.tiatcil tint thu I lull limit of dr, Kutirn Oregon lau 1 nude tery valuiblu f ir protliiktion of (rraln, hay, fruit and e"eUble He lt humour cut Jit wlu.it jrr&u and mile ln of it Ihviuo it w,i inuit pretittblu to do ao, Settler at all c.uly iU) miilu tlit ir home upon all thu irrek to utilirv the iiiteuunn lull fur pas turage, but the lull haw prnied to Iwaiail ahlefurprai.tu.il agiuulturi ILu.k to the Tjgli rim "all the imtuiuw wire iltimeil tinity j tin ago, lint u! li'i we Imirthit tcttlera are miklii.' ho ni- on thr hl.'h plat cm. l.it .''pnn we hid a letter, and pull lihtl it, houiug tint thu Oik drovo coun try, and the Tiniiiciiui aettleiuent, Niutb of rign valley, oueroii mucli g i lin-l to mirzr.int. ami people l lit re wtui.r mix- i )ii to feat im coui-M well Wu inaUiiCH thu to how tlut l"'ii" can be f lumLoug kA Uml, within caiy itiU of u nuportiut a place a Italbu Citi Tin re aru many wealthy .atock men aud farmer in thi part ot Waacu ciiuiijr. ifuiur jinjuitr iwip iiirir antep riutb on Fifteen Mi! creek aud their Summer and Fall paature la an exteuaire awjmp laud uU'iui, on U'Qch of the mountiiu, at the UiMiof Mount Hood. ZM The Johu Dty Diatiivt couaut olupluida, horvlenng the Columbia an I extending .v.iili tifty mile between the waten of Dea Chute and John Day over, and Kit to the Uiund ary of Umatill i county. Col. T S Iiug, ho ba iutereaU in thia atvtion, repreti-nU the .oil as excellent, a very good gnu coun try over all that diat-vu-e. The bunch era. griwa-vigoroualy almoit Iroin the lunk of . tlie uoiumout nver ami u i iiiauy ffn ior E !.. IvVuavu ur.l., u ff.,,,,tl IhitrM ll ,.. oJtoiu land. Water comnt ntar the nurfatv in many place ami can lie eiiiiy nm i tug fiii. 8onn; are more abundant than ww tappoMil la be the caae at aa early day. Well have Ik-u dug ten mile from lue CulumMa. ipinJtn Hollow l he n'ie ion will nxin tl aa to the produatireneaa of thr a il ' cu tb" nnlaoda a tho IUVk ranch, wbii r ha been d 'ccrilifd in our column, i iu thi diatrict. Thia ranch i located nt the junction of tho Columbia and John Day river and contains over t0,000 aeri, and i taken up by a comtiany of enterprising men with a icw to co-opcratlio farming on a large ncale. If thl octinn prole a availab u a i hoped, it will allotd hoiiu for thoilundaof families. Thirty Miluittek, whi 'hi nrjirthe Umatilla line, la Hettbd it whole length and i ngool farm Ingioiintrv, llock creik, which emptii into the John Day mer, ha a rich vallej, tettled thiiklj for thirty mile, extending tonnrds the lllue mountain in Umatilla county. Col. Ling, w ho i it homo iu this region, infonni u that puoplu ruisj only what they need for home Hiippl), but hale not grown fnrni pin dint to ncml abroad owiui'to thu ilillicnlty of te idling market aud lici.uiHe xtotk miking haaatwaiN In'iu more piiilltible than farm rop. They will grow grain oxtt nan ely when ttaunportatiim i perfect! d to intouragcit l'lio Bchnitu; of the Oregon ltailu ay and N'jv igution I'oinpmy include branch lint to bring a I the rich, farming country along the limn urn inuun lor two inimiriii milts, into connection with the mer and their main trunk lino i f road, Thu Mlddlu District of Waaco county rcicluHfrniu tho lbs Chute river to the lllue uiouii'iiiii and la more than large u-ioiigli to constitute u gnat u unty of itself, A glance at the nnp will show that it i will watered by streams miming into lioth thu IKaChuti and John Di) Ultra. It haa thriling Mi lage; Willooghh), Antelope, Bridge ctcck aru trailing point ami tlm country I well adapted to agriculture, through its whole ex-t-nt, but tnrmi'i operation are ehiclly re atilcted to supply nig the local demand. The country ia devoted toatock racing, nnd there fore spaisdy wttltd upon, Wheiieier lull iimiIs can leach Miibllti Wasco, and eucoiiragu tarniiugnml ibuser settlenicnt in thia will watered region, the ivitilt will lie a magical ehiugii Horn i.iatiiiiil to aitiiu farm life. Col. I.tug Iu Msiteil tin region and r'retnt it ua Mieaiug mini desirable ipialltle th.it will ileveloH v.lieii tiiinsportntioii I hsi ble. One of the moat promising portion of J'.ut el u Oregon la the OchiMti district, located on the bniln.hr of Crooked nier, the Southcnat cm folk of tho De I'huti. Till iviou lias I'lincoille for it trade center, n tnriiii plicu wub Henrnl hiindied inh.ibit.inti, a ucwMperuml a brik tnulo with thu coiiutiy nnd inining district in the- Southwestern spur of the llluu inouutalua. One gru.it ndvantagu dallied fur nil tho country ninth of thu Columbia i tint thu Winter aru inilib r aud stock do much bettcr in auieru siawm thin Ninth of the Coluuibi i. For thi re.iMou Middbi Wasco I desimhlu a a stock country and miniu of thu moat rucceaa fill stock men we hale aru to lo found in ('rant and Waaco coiiutlc. Ntn ember '.'ilth we published n letter from Dr. I Vaudcr pool, an old renb nt of Crookisl ltiier alby, which will bo upioduccsl III thu extra edition woe mpilo from thulilesof tho I'lUMHi for Rvtcrn ciivul.ition, nnd th lixly nceoiiut of that legion, and tock raising tlnre.ilwjuta, auswcia the jmiii-o so fully that wt refer tho rtiubr to It tor a complete idea of tin Ochoco district. Di, Viiinh rpool look to tho future, wlu u railroads shill couiu to thnr nlnf. and vxnlaiu tin- wonderful resources of that val ley for prixlmtinn of firm crops The time ia coming wluii inilroad will nach eitu there. 'Ihu piin'iit indication i that thu narrow g tuo w ill c ros the Cascade to i lbs t a (unction with thu Nevada Noithiniioad, and that ro.ul, when loiuplctcd, will gnu thu Crooked liivii couutrv an nutlet towaiiKlsitli the Kat and tlm West. Whin tht time eomt for ntociiuntj to nettle up, the laud table fin unhid lla fi HI the I'llllid Utut Uml Ollice ut Iho Dalle show tint .l.tKKI, IKMI .icr of uniirieed laud aru vacant A cnrioijKiuili ut wrott lis not long since that W.tfcti count) nlhn ci I a gleat luduti'mciit foi m tth nt n ntliii tlie I'aloiiMi or Ynkiini touutriis, mid suet stvut to be the case. Tin. it II. M Kiblt hhoa tlie poplil ttioli of WiKctt couut to be lU.'.i lilliuber of f tun. !T'i; land m cu.iilv fitriiiod, tmli 0,(K- acre-, value of liicatotk. i,77I.:Imi wlucbrauk all other tinnitus iu that itapcett farm put tlut ti, in value, SJS7,tJ00. W.uco I tli-xt In lioth shttpiuul horses and nevt to Itakn and (rant nt c.ittl- -o far a clitutte and halth aiw it in limed, there ia pi obihl no jiltoaiutcr iliunte imr nu,v umre imilthi region in tt. win Id. Moil thlivt better litre than in an) other n tloli nf thu Cnllliulil.l rtvion l.lhl IWMI. T i 'ii. i ty i in uiith Middle On gin, uml tiki. t name ti no the fl.i-tth.-ltltnilgiv.it like iij,io:i. A indiial iliudc Kparate It fnnii draut ti.untl, ami mot hoi Like, u well as the portion of timut wjutli of the Indian reservation, I of '"tlit chane r of soil, eon ittiugofa muss of vil.aniu athta, ,ut l.ike, thoui'h a high ami fnt) coiintr), haa iu.ui) chinning valley and good land pi-igne riverhas a Is-autiful valle), thm Wet into KLtm tth lake, and theme through thu Caa side range tho KLimath mtrsetkithe ocean. Other atrtams in Like mint) tin inlohkis and the wuter sink. 'litis regiou will ! traversetl by the projectul railwayfromlttuo, Neiatla, north, to connect with tin rood pro- iectl ly the Oregonuu Kailwa) ( 'nnipaiiy. -ike count) lia about .'t.lMlO i(-uLitluM, ami there are any uumt-er of cliaucCK lor lunur nada, Stock raising la the chief sourcu if income; Lakcview, the i-ouutv wit, ru the horvi of (tooiHi I-ilt, is a thriving town and ha two newapapcr. Ijnkville, at tuc Wtat, ia also a gotsl point for trade. This otiiuty hut no direct connection witlithe O.liutibi river and can hanlly ilcserve to U destnhul at a part of the Columbian regnui. i.iuNTirNn. Thia connty ia very eite naive and has the Weatcm dope of the Blue mountain! for it boundary. It ued to have rich placer mint that supported an active population and brisk trade, but the pUcen are tnoatly work PORTLAND, OREGON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1881. ed out, Quirtz mining ut offering Inducement for enterprise- aud may be expected to form a peruiament source of prosperity for all futuro time, even though not )et making return for outlay. The farming operation on Upper dohn'Day valley aro for supply of tho nunc and stock ranches, for this county ha the gnat tattle herds of thu northwest iu its lim it. We publish elacwhcro an account of cattle rant fiing in thi county by Mr. Miller, now of Douglas county, who fin been success ful in Harney valley a a cattle man and also with horses. Ills letter givtaagiaphiusketch of life on tho pliin of Mlddlu Oregon. There is an iuunciifu nnanf vacant laud in (trout county, stKiu to be added to by the throwing open of the Malhutr lest nation, which is no louuer muled for the uso of Indian. (Iraut i count) miy iu tlinu Ihi tcachtd by mllroul, hut It will not It) soon, unless some uuiooheii for enterprise conn upon the world, nnd the advance so rapidly making for the tlevt I p liieut of thu country Ihit of the Cacndis liiive it ver posiliilu that (ir.mt couu trwill be brought within letch nf market. This county is tlmisilltd bv inimnt.iln and valle) and plains. It iiltitiidum t) inturfcru withifiKsl lesultsfrum nromlscuou tarmliig, but tli re I so gn.ic nu art a of viitnnt laud awnttiiig lettlemtiit that It is lint necessary to foies'all time tos.iv what tilery section of the eoiiiiti) can prninise for thu future I'll ITIMA llll'.STV. Ctimiii,; luck to tho Columbia rnci, we liml, on thu Hast of Vnico county, a gtaud agiieultural region, joining on thu Southwest Walla Wall.i county of Washington Territory, including n fair part of Walla Walla valley, which ia dividtd by tho Aft tlcgice of latitude so that a good slice of that beautiful vallc-V i Oregon soil, Hock cuek, which cmptitM fnto the.lolin Day liver iu Wasco county, Iu it licit Uml in L'mitilla mid I thickly scttltd for twenty miles. Along the Columbii lau griefs region of upland that promise lea than similar land in Wnscn county. I.iaiing out the river shore region, Uimtilla is a splendid county. The llluo mountain extend through it, parallel with tho river, distant ft) tu W) miles, running Wtst with a trend toward thu South, a tint map shown, rollowlug tnu mountain for l'J.'i milts, through Umitilla count), i nu nrablu stretch of countryth.it ui e rage 'J.') to. '10 mile iu width, and alsnu Umaiilli it extend to the lery shore of tho Columbia. Not long ago it was I align for cattle, but today settlement I coming in to claim and cultiiatu over) plain and every hillside It ia truu that from tho Umatilla riur, West, thi county I clue-fly devoted to stock raising, uml iu valuu of liio stock it la second ouly to Waaco. Transportation fav or tho Northeaat ind of thu coiiu-y more aud thtru wheat farming I tamed on very exten sive I) Before long branch railroad will favor thu whole arable belt of Umatilla coun ty and then tho i-i,i of nroluctioii will com incneti iu t-urmst, and Umatilii county will ham an immense- w lit at surplus. A clancu nt thu iimi show that thu stream branch out and water well all the country mar thu mouii t una nnd afterward do-into thu larger riv er The Umatilla Indian reservation occu rut a a tino n portion of country a can lie found Lit of thu mountain, much to the .inuo) amtidf will to settler adjacent, and of m my who would like to cltini thc-au Inula for scttlinnnt. A glancti at the l..ud table w u publish will show tho amount of land In thi count) subject to entry. We consider Umi till county in many respect thu cream of Ki'tt-i n Oregon. It arable bind lauuot ! excelled; it climate I tine; it utariic to the C dumbia liier, and thu certaiut) tint rail nnd fu-ibtiu will nach cier) part of it, ni.ikt it at pit-sent t'm mot attiactiit' rtgion now opai tor sttth-iiitiit. Wlnlu ithitiul) about IU.UuN) iuh.lbit.iuts, It can t.isily mconi mislatii ti ii tunes that muni r It ut'ters such exctlleut liml away finni tho mountain aa the Cold Sprnm country, which lua been fully tlcseriltcd in mil t-olumna, and n Inch i jtt'iu n great mt.isiire i.u.mt. It ha a apltndid rtgiinof valby aud lisit-lull landa foi I'J.'i iiiih-i. iu length aut i' to ISO mile bitiad, ami the llluo uioiinUin thinisclve wu exnet tostuotcujiel ill ourse nf time by in dustrioii laiim-r ami tnck men, for thu soil is evullriit and maul sloping rttttht of mountain lau Is, mwnxl with scattering pint fort at .Hid no li'iderbni.h, call tlll, be tram fercd to tithUot (.'oldin gnuu .tlul on haul of luci mi fruit 'I In-legion to tho l-i-twaid H aouiiiicicluiu-tlth.it wuianuot guioiU fu ture hi thu ucci-M trie of the pieseut. Deiel opcini'ut once be 'nu wide utlliue ut a npid rate, nnd with railiovd roiiiuciioii enuijileted to tho Lu-t thu re im of t migrant to come will till up thu land with mis) iiidu.'r). 'Hit- ill no Mount nil legion now alloid a ge-xit tuiiiiuir range for thu tits k and hinla of tho Umatilla and Waao i plaina, .U-k men build rnhiui and corral aud so establish final tlut mo rtp etcd a right of pui-o-dt lieu. Vearafttrcar they dnie their stock tit tli.t-u uiounwiii range aud th.y iatU.li un tlm nit lit gru-aes mid s.n the bunch griha oi tlm lowliud for Winter p.wtur. K)e graa grow iu swniia and aloiigwattr course; i bmg gre gro through tie oimi pine fin est that have nn underbru-h, and there is a abort slii-tp-gra,, much liked by thxtstotk, found iu the foot lull and which takt the plate of hunch giu w at nit i fed down in the foot hill'. There la nn rciaou why thia uioiinUin land, containing many rloping reaches of tlienchi.t soil, well watered and timberetl, and not so elevated, by any means, a the Cascade rtnge, shall not, in due time, be appreciated for agricultural purca and made u of for ktttleinent. There aru mm) thriving tow na all through Umatilla ot'iinty; Hippner, IVmlleon, 1'ilut itf-k, Umatilla, Weston, Mlltou aud Center ville, are all growing plicea, surrounded by an excellent farming country. The immi grant can find at prtaent, room for hi home stead in the C ld ftpring Ctvintry, or along ;.e tcope of valley ta the rtrd there i abundant room ti locate th. domain thu I'm tel 8t.tr govern tnt t td . aly tow. L'MOS" rorhTV. KangcN of inountainsextciid from the Neva da line, north anl, through locstcrn Oregon, known aa Stem' mountain on the South, and del eloping into the broadly sprind lllue mountain to the northward. The Interior country, along theCiacado range, on the Kast, is much higher land than is found in thu vVillamitto valley, on the West; therefore there i much less drainage from thu Casca'le Summit to the l'jist than to the West! the diitanco from the t astern pi lins to the summit I mi rywheru es than on tho Wct, nml thu luniiitiiin arc Irs rugged to climb, While the unit inouiitalna aru not no uiiccessihiu a thu Caaivules, tiity nrustill a grandly outlined mountain rtgioii.spieiutlugtromthulyiiHimlii.i, South, iu irregular form, over a wide district, containing many plcaamt grassy rtachts, woisled with open nine foiest. that will cer tainly be at nn iliaUut day npiuvciatcd for set'.lt iiic-nt ami cultivation. I hi range of mountiiu supplies, from it fountains, thu varlnii streams that miko tnu im nuilliil val ley of Columbii uml Walla Walla cuuntiu in W. 'I'., tlm Umatilla linr and all the sirenni tint empty below- it into theColuinhW nun .ionu iti) rntriii imscu couui) is itti entirt ly from th jiii. Not only ao, but Crooked river, the main fork nf the Dt Chute, head far around to thu Southeast, so that these mountain are thu source of fruitful stream which crcttu thu arable biudi of mar ly half of Oregon and the richest nortion of Washington Territory. On the- List, also, they supply tho How of thu st reams which reach Snake rivrr. Some of thu mmt fertile and beautiful country Ilaat of thu Cast mini is found hemmed Iu by thu wall of surround ing mug!, for Snake river i for unite a dis tance, in Idaho, Isiuudtd by lliaeccsaihlu mountain. Tim enurso of thu early i-iunil-gnitions followed ilownSuako riicr, hundred of tin .try iiiiUm, tut r sage brush jihiin that were pircbcil al.d tlescrt in appcuance, and through uiuyon and our burnt hill that saw many n w.iikJi ltuvu that buritd family hojit1, sin! wtt atruwetl with circais of animal th. ."w. ploiij,- the road. , Coming at but to tiu tliMt!'VVA-irnt.-s tlm waters of thu OrandB Htsi4)( .urn PmntrrTnti u ti-tl found spread uiiM-vlow them n U-autrTul-a nicturua uvu hr I vitr looked uium. It lay in naiiiu wildinit-s untouched by thu hand of civiliJtiout u few Indian camp may halo lK'tu setn tliero, mil perhip lurtl ul imtian horse ftsl on the- rich piairie grasww, hut othirwisu it was untouched by mill Hue was u valby, trwlled among tho mountain, watt red troni i;iui(inirablu stream and spring, averaging ten milt In widthby thiity mile iu length, rpitad out broadly but l)ing ill n winding aha)-, with co u uml iultt of prairie re idling into the hill where stream IH-rmitted and with abundant feed for stock to compensate for tho burnt plain they had left behind. The trait lltr felt lit ro that hi trouble wt ru oier. Acrtts the range, only a two tlav m"-"1'. wcro thu valleys of Uiuv.illa and Walla Walla, Thim are suveral lively town in Union count), chit f of wbiih aru Lt liramle aud Union, each of which support a uewsiuiMr uml din n good huiness WliiIuTnioii I tint county seat, 11 tiramlc lias tnu i.inn ouut Isith of the- Statu and United States, MINIMI 1IIH(IM. llcforu thi valley luul a stttltr, in IMi'J, bd by the discuv ery of gold on I'owdu Hiver, tliouMitd of proiK-c-tor found tin ir way iu early Spnng over the llluu mountains to hunt for tliu lien gold tielda. Thu snow of the prect ding w inter hail In t n heiiv icr th in ei t r wtrti known; iathx but to he made through them, and the road to the g dd tit-Id was a haul one to traiel. It wa af'ir week of such toila and hardshiM a cannot ud) Im ttild, that tie stcssl upon tho brow of the ran ees tint oierlook (irandt Itnnde Valle) on the vvtat uud s.iw with dt-lia'ht the mit Is autiful valle) t)e titr looked down on, nb bright nml venlant in trin. ioinuriou with tho mows th it "iinouiiilid us. I hu iniuusiliil not prove neli enough Ij rc-iiaid all who went there, and mail) piefurn! to liK-.ito hoin a in tin laud ' p ti iitthtr tlitu to tlig for gold Itwistlt -'il aftcrlhooutlirtciko. the ciul war and thu same full thou-amls id famillea croatl the plains and made home along the atrtum and on tht prairnw of l'uwdcr Itiver auddrimle Koude, or t-iiMst! to the .iltlm-tllo field nf I'lliltllla I rillll that time Ltottill Oregon lue bad pioiiiiucncu. At nt tail) date finiiiit found n gissl and reiuuiicratliuimikit at thu mints, i'ack ti.uns. ind vagina of unmtn-c stMi-.'th drum bi tu oi uud" l am, in ulc pith and ro.il fniui tbuColuuibiarivtrinalldiii tiuu. (old wai diacoiert! in many district aud falmloua rieht. weregathtrtl from tho won derful plctr of Salmon rntr in Northern Iihho, and lloise lU-nii amid the high mouii tun rsn '- of ri iuti ini Idalu). Through the Jlluu iiiouiiutu weru fo ind many richplactr; on thu water of Johu Di)' nver, iu (Jrant county, millivui of gold weru dug, and Canyon City w a a mining Ct ut r; on Oraud IU ud nvtr thero were pi.uir worKin; wniio in llakir county, on I'owiin uivir, ami mo water of Hurnt river, there wtro e-xteuive and pritiuhlo digging. This milling di- MleriM gave thu lirai liupc-iui vi sememem and cultivation in all Listeni Oregon ami WAahini-ton. Hut. whllu uitiuug is tarried on yet, with some degree-of aiicc, thu day ol tho propctor ami placer luiiiiinr i imnriy over. Kllbrt are itnductcal on a greater cale, by largo companies, and tht ro are stime diacoreni- of ouarU Iwlge that aru paying well. .10 tlouht the niisiuuisi ti unuiiiu win be. carried on through tho future and will prnvo inoreextonaiiea new dicovirie are uvule and a tho science of ipjartu mining In come perfect d aud gold can 1) saved at lesa cot't We have alightly allude.! at dllfcretit time to mining operation!, but time ha come tu explain t.iu snltleiiient ami iloc-t. piuent alrraily attainetl in Fatern Oregon, so wa digrtn stimewhit t piuent th f-t Nn doubt many who ilialloonie here will l at- tracttil by thu fascination of gold and silver mining, hut thu tl nth set m to bo that gold and silver ha often cost moio tliau it wa worth. Mint "materially niiUgrieultiirr when they oiler n nurkot for fin in liroducts. They gso uiu unit iiiiH.-iu hi an inu upper coun try. For many year Dalle City and Walla v alia w eru thu scene of much not and gam bling and thu hardly earned c-old wa snuaii. dried with laiii.li hand. Portland w a tlllnl. in winter, by the miueiit who came dnwu here to spemi tho month when water existed only iu the form of snow or ice, ami the tlccadriuu of thu mine made a very heavy deduction from thu incomi of hottl kteiitrs". Wu wcro in thu mine of California at a uij nirl) tin), also had ollicial connection with the mining region of Kastern Oregon nt thu lt pa)ing peniHi, inn wiiiic im in uru exit putiuiil install to w hern prospector nml minim ncnniri Health, our i-xpciieneit show that the best Nile-iess lollowsngiicultilial ileulupuicnt. Ill it train comts school, churches, curd so, fell- and happy home, and the farmer, w hilo hu can only claim a ivisoiiablu sham nf Is-ntlita, onlo) tin m most and ia incut ludepemb nt in n0)ing tin in, llMtltllTKIV til I'MIIN w?v Union lounty i a veiy nttractiie region, ha inricd character of soil it wu go from thu rich valby liml to thu foot hills, m climb to thu higher valle) s, such a Wallowa, betwteu thu (lianibt Itomle Valley and Snake liver. (Itand Itondu liier seeks nu outlet through it mountain ennvou and thu valley i fairly heinmeil iu by mountain wall. The climate, i limlthy nml winter stem ttinpuid by thu shtltereti nature of thu situation. Wallow a ia bight r location with morn scum winters, but is a f.iinritu iigiui fur stock nun. Iji (traud and Unioiitow ii aru thu thief towns, but other thriving villages are scatttiid through the tniinty. Union ha lt,70.'l inhab itant iiy the- it-halts of IhsO. It is duiotitl to farming and Hlnck-niikingi value of livtt stock i nearly a million dollaist Union has a ureal many hors( aud tho iiiiiuIm-i uf milch tow ami ipl.iutity of butter liimle shows It to Im favoiablu for dairviiig. Swinu tin well then- mid iioik product coustitutn an ImiKUtant mi c iii itiiiieis iiiciniiei i ma liming si.tiuia " 'i' lli.l nimllli tinii nl lit ut tialM. h-tl-nlnl orchard pi is! iu CC1VTiTMvthe-.. JuuL j u. Union county aru un tlouht tnkiiiup, the luul tablu show tlmt thcru ii vacant bind tint has betiisurveveil to thu vxtiut of HOOdKHJ nt-its. It iaulso truu that improietl laud can Im isiughl here, a iHewheru at-a rcasouahlu tiguru The great objection to this region ha liee'ii it reinotent sa fiom market and the great cot of truiiaptirtation, 'I hi ilillicnlty will soon Im lemoved Ahtinl) the track for a rnittn.nl i In ing t haled, ati-o thnVllliit mountain, from Umatilla, and the scheme of tint 0 It, e. N. Co,, include antarly building nf a railroad fiom the Columbia I iv t r, thlough Union nml lliktr counties, tocniuiict with the Utah Not tin ni road, nml form it through lino to the Hist, so that it is n rtnin, a human en nt tan Im, that I'nioii count) will shortly haiu railroad coum-ttmu with Portland in nuu direction, and the Atlantic Statu in thu other. liAKKKPOUkTr. Tin county ha an aria nearly two bun dled miles long and from tno mountain sum. nut to Snako liier nml tho Idaho linn. It contain on thu North, thu vallty of l'uwdcr rntr which pn nut tpiitti n surface foi culti vation and ha scier.il thriving town and villiges. The mine ot thu lllue mountain rojfinii olb r a liiarkt t for what U protliited, and nuarli it in of rich ore nut found ami wuikedat thovir) tdgitof tho allu) 'I hi t alley i nil hoi told, but pioduic all the ti it.il and must of thevtgetibbsiu piofiisimi and of Kxctllcut oiiiliti I'uwtbr run In good gritiu Liluls hit snmu distance Into tho uiouiitaiu, uiu-ie stock i angts, though agn cultiiie ha not Ihcii sirioutl) nttimjilod 'I Im rHiiy eoiistnittl'iii of the rnilitmd loin tlie V liiiubil llltr gnes n hope lor futuie growth ami prosMiity that induct hi tth mint drtad); we notlie that the Ikikir lit) luwa paH-rs (the jiliite has two) ssuk of the but that iplltt u tu tllniient ha lien inailc the pist simiou on lanil South of I'owdcr riur ami llurut liitr illt)s, on the watti of tlm Malheur Wu uul to tram so marl) tlm wlinln length of II tit r count), sixtn-u )t-ir ago, win u going to the mints ol Nouthiru Idaho, aril loiind, along the wit) much good l..ud. rich with grata. Simo thin. Ilikir loiintv lu.a I tajiiie thu grr.it giaiug yrouml for catt't. of which the itiisua ictuiiia over l.'.ISH) The pnpulatmii nf It iki r county, I ut spung, wu l,i,:il, a tnlling pulatiou for such an t xtnaitt.rt'L'iiiii Tin re aru nut mini sheep in this count) hut lu.th ntUutlou l' paid to hnrsiM in whuh connection Ilikir cnuiity stinds foiirtb in the htato. I'imilir rm-r valle) i Ihu imwt populou portion of Ilakii county, nml in tht Northiru part nru .- oral mining di-tricU. In tho ttntral r Hon i thu Malheui couutri', tontaiuiiig exu u. siie cattle iiiugi. and time will probably tie. inouirnn i aiuiiaoiiuy ior rtguiar lanning. In the Southern part ia tho Ow)hte nvtr and tributaries, and some farming i carrud on in the vicinity of the mining diatrict in Idaho, litarthuIuiH, LchIoI tin m iatheSUluV mouii ton couutrv, a famoua stick i.mgi The Malhucr Imlhii leseriution la paitly in lirant county and part in Iktker, but we hue infor mattcn tliat a it la no longer rtuind for oct-iipitlou by Indiana, it is stain to lie thrown open lor the aettluuiint hy the wtuti. lUkerand Onut oountie wmatitutuig neatly ene-tliird of the totd surface of the grout Statr of Oregon, lemaiii to tin da) in a great measure- vacant bind, mimed oier by gitut Hern hi suxk, iiiinii oni) Mrtiuy iu tin way. with their resource only slightly uu- tleratooil and waiting the ilevelopmtjit of the future. In tow tier river valley the capacity lor proamnion n wen eataiiliahtil ami we have no doubt that in tune a great part of the val ley land of Ilaktrr county will 1 cultivated to ffood ad.antage. 1 here I more or loan of itagr bruan pUina in this county, especially aloui,' the upsjr iait of Snake nrer. Thu JKTO. 51 sage brush land ia in many InaUncet the ileh et nf soil. Wo remember rootling yean age how farmer in Powder river valley braaghs an irrigating ditch to bear upon a piece of heavy sagu brush land, strong with alkali, (ar oil sago land ha this characteristic, and alter grubbing tho sago, plowed and sowed to wheat. nun reniircil forty liuahcli to the acre. Tlie lack of water prevent successful agriculture over much of this interior region, but tho remedy of artesian well may Ui trice! there with a much lucct-a aa in Liwer California. The gov eminent ha made an appropriation to test this matter and it i proluible that the iUestiou of water supply will Ikj somo way solved so that the great vtt-nlth of soil that sum wasted tivern wide stivtih of country between the Sicras of tho Pacltlo and tint Ib-cky inouiitalna, will Is- mmlu available ior habitation and cultivation. Within two venr n rallmrd will hu In upo lation tlinu tho Columbia river to llakir tit), nml will l-riug all thu region along that ill--tamo within n rtaoli of market. ItlrHi ble that within that tlinu tho Utah Nortl . ni railiimd w ill push North to mako a bine um and establish through comiictlon with tint laist via tho Union Pacific railroad, 'Mie thuo rapidly appiiiachcs whin tho hitherto wustu laud of Origon will have nil tho v.due that tninsnortatioii facilities can civo tlieia nnd thi great section of valby nnd mountain land that ha ru long been utilised only mi stook range and mining vinturcrs, will it--sumo the grcatir iinHirt,iuco that attaches to k riuaneut home and steady cultnatioi. nf thu Kill. THE NORTHERN PACinC RAIUtOAO. Thu people, of thi country halo looked foi many venr luiat to the comnlctlon of tin Hind for thu realirjitiou of tin ir hojieM of tail mad toiincctinu with thu List. The tliih ciiltie the louipany havu eiu-tiuiitirid 'shiii nt lat to be fully ovemninu and the wori. of uoustiuctiiig thu road I now being rapidly liiinui irnui ihiiii enus in tlm line, it la tine that w e hai ti now a prospet t for railroad i on iK'ction In other directions, but tho comple tion of the Northern Pacitia is u vt ry inipni taut fait Iu deieluplng thia country ami will bring into connection with tht Columbia nut n great eokt of Northcru'taiVitoiy tjiat v. ill "paJli' ji UK up nml must iubl V) the c ui mi'ivial fliinorLaicolirIVyal.ijuMl.l'. Souild. Thu coinpaiiy I at priseut i-iigngvtl iu Pink ing thorough nine) a of thu several mountain paso. It adiug mer thu Cascade ranee boin rugi t Sound to Yakima county, Wasiiineton Territory, with a view to locating their I mid niuliommihciiu operations it soon a Hwi. uiu on uni sifiion. uu- iiiitniion la, su lar a madu public, to maku itmiirctlon nt an inrlytla), with thunsuliioii Ih ing made binn Ainswoith, at tho eoiillucnco of thu Colum bia and Snake intra, nlri.idy graded neirly to tho Mont ma lino, and track la) ing com pletid for alsjut fin ty miles. It wa ileomod necisssry to toiiiinouie hinhling road at n-nno jMimt iu the inttiior, as the location of th. phi tii over thu fasiaih- could not lie rtuulilv decided upon. It I pcrhap a ipicstion If the eonslructlou nf ii road rntr tho mountiina from thu .Sound wn inruuimntl) settled un til iiilto latt I), but thtru seem now nu doulit that it it ill I' pushed with all ihlu rapidi ty. Our map show the piojt-etid road lioui Ainsworth Vei-t, to thu mountain, which has not vet been tit tlliitely sunt vcd. but must b. locatid marly a wit halo statiil. I he inatinnl lot lonstrui tiou, usetl from Ainsworth loiat, In bet n tr.iusp irttd up th Columbia at ht.ivv exH.no uud it ia prnluhbi the fouipauy will piib work from Taconui Daat fni iho puiino of Ining nblu to trail poit tht ii imn matt i ml and supplies for tho iniitliniaiico of thu work thlough Montiui. The original t heme cniilt mpUteiliiiiiaddown thu Cnlunil in nvtr to Poithntl, hut tho I In- f;ou Itailuui ami Ti.iuaMrtatiiiu Cumpiny i.tv it tin road iilitady made to 'Ihu Ik Jm and will loiitiiiue it to Portland iihotln ry. ar, mid no iloiibt some miiuigi unlit nil) bo ru uiu for on h ingu of tralhn ami unit mil uo of tin set tiou, wlutli will Is our tit ii hu idled iiiiht III It ugtli Whin tiiiiipltttil, the .Northiru I'acilio nil) halt- a lcilnil.il it 'I in nun on tin Sound. i.nd ilthil thlough it own trains m tliosuof 1 1. Oiegoii Itailwnv ami .Nnvigitiou Cmupr iv, win it it ii ami it.iiu roiiiann t.tn. .1. n. Siiraguii ha l-eii but foi mini curs in i , met ion with this t utirpiise uml siitrinU- el the hllini-iil the oti in division II I III lib Ilppltilltnl III fill I ill Its nml I'lulltBlhe woik as fast us m-ihlo. In our ilu'eriiit-oii of N, iiklma nml Menu eoiiiilli wu h.i shown that . i liiiuagiiiultuml iiuiouwill lc tii inl up inn! made n inhibit whin this n ul , shall be inuipbtetl 'Hit- llitt lists of til. coiniiuiy will ft liter oil the Soiliul ami no doubt tlie) will build up u gnat nt) then in the future, with nu ixttnaiiu tomuiiree, but it will bo rtaddy seen that the Columbia riur olfiran natural highwai'for toinimrco, ind me priHiuii oi tno inn i ior null naturally tributarv to tin riur will alw)s atek Pn-.-land, which tan Ui imtdo nvailablu for tit en stu (iiiniiiirtu by suih iiiiproviiiuut of th. is-cjiu b.tr mid along thtiiourstiof thu river Iki low It, as the govt mount I stow a on btl rr important livir and ia iirtain to hetUiW in the Columbia. (inat llitertst attathca to tin iiupleti n of thu Northiru Pocihc railwav mid it wilt I of thu griatest imptirtauci: "to thu I'aciiie Noithwtat. Wu lotik for thl work to hodtit.e aud through tratlie istablisht! within tlu.it year, ami anticipate a rupul m tthuueiit id .1 ....... .n . ...:... . inu cuumrjr ll win iiuvt pie in aiiimpaiiiHl t. that eient. So much tlilhciilt) attt ml trai portatiou of it material ft u "int hundrenv uf mile iu the interior that ua pnry pi.i grc cannot U- made on the Wit it rs end thu line a at the J-aab ru. All iron aiul manufa;turil matt rial is brou,'iit aioiiud ti u Horn, in vcjiw-la, involving delay and unct . tainty. Hut thu vi ork ia to 1st pushtal tliroiu.-'i . Montana a rapidly a tuible and tlm pre -purity of the comiiany iudiiatia that tht) ootw plttion of t r rjatt i. .11 lieteitkiu liltlu threat year tlmt V !- kS