WILLAMETTE FARMER: POllTLAND. OREGON, JANUARY' 28, 1881
s
1
ISM
Issued tiury Week liy tho
witMMi;rn: rwt'int im iii.t-in
THIiMM OP MIWIIIITION
.. .-. Ih...l,ii.ii iil.ll lis nil ttllll'SS
Ux months, (I'osIjmjo lH)f I" "'liniirc,
bm Uuill six IMimlliK will lie, x iiionui
AllVKIIMHIMI HATISt :
AJt.rtl mints III Im InurM. irtiillnir thiy r
ymya.-taiiW, at tho fullimliiif Wile hi raica :
UtM 111(11 Ol SUU HT IIIOIIWI
Tims Inclic nl iv u nr iiiutith
Ono-hatt column jur month
K.W)
WW
IMS)
30.011
UMroiuinii kt itiniiiii ".'
a-srrfcuiipic. copi. sciu irtu on j-Miiiiuji,
PRICE OF BUDSCRIPTIOH.
Tho subscription lric nf this paper ii
$2.f0per niiiitiin. Iit year wo thought to
inaku it muro popular with the people iy re
ducing Hie price, expecting tliu gain in limn
Iwni would make up tlui lesser pnymeiit, but
wo gained nothing in number ami lost mi
much Hint wu pay dc.irly lit thn picscnt timu
for our nl tempt ti I mi lilierul. Wo havo oiler
nf $2.00 fioquently nml Invariably refuse
tliein. If ymi want to "cu no agricultural
new Hpaper supported you inunt y utwli.it
it cost.
Tlio only, exception to thouhnvo rule it tlmt
-wu allow a year's subscription to nny person
whoneiul im tlneu nuw subscriber. Tlmt
is tin cheapest way wo till I not canvassing
ilone. Hut neatly nil who do it seem to wish
wi earnestly .to help tho paper that they givu
the commission to their fiiomls who subsctihu
which wo ilo not like Imt cannot help. Wo
ilo an honest business nml make no ilistmc-
lion. Sometimes wo givu n man tho paper for
acting a agent I" ,li'' I''1"'' ,'1,'"u n,un"
tho exception to tliu rule. If wo attempted
to publish tliu Kaiimkii for $2.00 it would not
bs published very long. Tliat in the plain
alalomcnt of fact. It should lio sulficient mid
wa hope will ho no.
HARD TIMES.
All earnest fiiend of thu Kaiimkii, who act
u agent for u ill onuiif tliu heat tow in ill
'Linn county, writ um "lam niaineil to
write to yoii it Iixikn on if any fanner might
rniso $2.n( to pay for hi papert hut such is
the cum, any nuinher of rich fanner haven't
pit n cent. Tliey will not mil their wheat
aud of coiirsu tliey mo Ktrnppcd. I liavo
token pain to canvas thi ncighliorhooil nml
hYii tho promise of n o ley soon. I hear nil
tho farmers praising your dibits in their he
hlf. I tell them pruiso in cheap without the
jnonuy to hack it. I mil working hard to
querru n little money out of thin community
or you and think 1 will micceod noon."
Wo puhliah thin Itocauaa it fillliiaheH n text
-g nrcil just now. Wo nro sending out n oir
calar to onu half or two thinlsof nurBiibscrib
era, inking them, it KHihle, to lie punctual,
tsacaiiau wu are sutlcring fiom a luoiiuv faininu
ach a wu havu never known. Tliu farmer
asuinot Rll their wheat at current price, and
wa rocngnUu tho situation they are In, hut
mice mm of them Is o hard run n wo nro.
All our business i on ft supposition that wu
my cash uv cry week and thu long continued
I Ian I time place us ill a position tlmt in not
to bo easily described. Wo nro not iHiriowem
Imvo no vonncctioii liy which we can raiae
ov kxcmiI flit iu our I'lialnoaa. Wlicn
lUtraila woaro in liard atrait, and It haa
alsioat uiitirlv failixl for mouthn t. o
duiro to lie nceomnuMlatiiiK to nil, but wcAik
of every man that taken tho Kaiimkii to do
tlio heat ho can. Wo have rnoii;li i "r lm-
to iniko u comfortahly independent if
wb tan j;et it. Wo are ilninji all wu MHlliiy
amn for tho farmem of tho North I'aeilio ami
it looka hard if they cannot t;ivo ua the mip-
portwuoaru. Wo mako no eompiaini, mu
mow Kiuiply aak nil who talhly can to p.iy
promptly no that wo camlo liuaiiuwi without
bajnj o tiirioly iliatroaaoil.
"
UBLIO BOHOOLB or WAB1UHOT0H TERRI
TORY
Wo are much obliged to lion. S. W. lliown
uf Clarkmoiiiity, Wnihinutou Tenitiny, for
inK-uiiii( uh tlio ifHiit of the Supt. of I ubliu
luatruction for IS"l, for that terutory, nml
Mo tlio atatiaticH of aehooli for Clarke county,
published in tho Vancouver ludepeiidi lit, Oct-IoIki-
'.'!.
Tlio leirt of tho Superintendent to the
tarritora.il lit;il.itiiro ahwwa tint " cireful
nni-ionof tlio neliool Iiub w.u made by a
Ti ritoiialTcAeliei'ronvinti"ii. which nut at
Olwnpu in July IS7I. and nfterwarda nl
Koattle iii.lulv INii audil thiol oiim wna
held III Olyuipia in 1S"" tlio rwnlt nf tliu
deblieratioii waa eiiilKidi'd iu a bill puacd by
Uhu leiritorial bvialaturo thatwent intoocr.i-
tiouJau. lat, IS7S. nil rovuion m to
have Ikvii muvivufiil m nllordiiiK tho cople of
WaahiiiKtou n peifecte,l acliool ayatuin, which
worka to the katufactiou of all ft inula of
tluoation, The lUurd of l-Mucation of the
lUoitory rtceivisl no couiHn.itiou for time
uracrvicca, other than the payment of actual
apoiiaea incurred and there ia no chauco for
ncuuUtioii w itll achool fuiida,
Tim table publialuul with regard to atatia
lac ia imiMrfoct, Invame in eight counties
iha tSuperiutcudi'uU have failed to make their
ul rtporta, but wo have i-eviewrd the
and making a computation from the ru-
porta made in 1870, place the uuuibcrof achool
duldren enrolled in all the territory at the
pratunt time at over 12,000. The mimWr of
children and jwraoua of achool ago in the ter
ritory mutt lo over 23,000, and even more
than that, aa there baa len rapid growth in
all jvuta of the territory during the two year
ioco tho enumeration of 1870 waa made. It
iaalao neceaaary to remember that a grot
portion of th territory ia aparacry icttlcd,
Mad tliat what population there ia baa come iu
1t a rapid rate of lata, and a a utu al conae.
ajaanoe the achool diatricU have uot been aa
jal fully orgaultcU in many of their newly
Ipapiililiiil region. The amoount of cooiuion
(una apportioned to the atvend coun-
tea two yeart ago wa over 1100,000, which
ahow h that Wnaliinton him nlronly tliu foun- !
nation lain tor a geneniui puiiiie npjHn-i ux
cotimion hcIi'ioN.
t'nfurtuimtcly the repoit nf tho Siijwrin-
tclidotit doei not cover nearly o wide a nuigu
ni la the ciko iliourownStatei. I'm1 nblytha
fncli with icferenco to tho puhlio fund
in nl from raluof puhliu hiuiNuro contained
in other ollleial report, and wo ilo not have
occvaa to them, but wo know that t!io general
government ha made tlm aamo generou do
nation of two cections of land in each town-
ahip, to all tho new territoricH und Ktlter,
and iu the cane of Washington that iiiunt
amount to nearly four tlioinvtiiil wpiaio rniln,
or two million mid n half ncre of common
achool land, mid there are probably nllii r
liberal grant, meh n Imvo been given to
Oregon, to hwcII tliu educational fund of tho
territory. The rovctiuo law of the territoiy
iil."o pioviitu fur u four mill tax, to ho unci! for
tho Mippoit of publiu neliool, whicli help to
mipport tlio ciiiiso of tdiioatimi.
Tho .Supciinteiidciita report aliowa that
Toaeher'a liiatitiiti'i hive bein nrgaiiircd in
lustily nil eouiitie of the teiritory nml nro
(-uleillittfil to Improve tile ability of teachfia
to discharge their lutie with ulheieiiey.
TlioTeirilorial Univerxlly, which i locnted
nl Seattle, i on n good bai nml i i Hipp'iitcil
by thu teliitonal nppiopiiation, the mteix-at
on tlio endow incut fund nml fees from tuition.
It i built upon a beautiful kite of ten acre
cm nn eminence overlooking Seattle biy nml
near the center of a thriving city, Tho innin
building wn erected at n cot of $3.",0(K) and
on the ground nro tho prcaidcut'a icaiilcnce
nml n largo building occupied n a hoarding
Iimiiho for young men. The sch'ilar aro taught
military tactic incidental to other atudica
ami a ft mean of dinciplinu. Tho caical
courao i complete nml aimilar to that taught
iu Kaiitorii college nml there i nn excellent
weicntilio iimnui for thoso who prefer.
The Vnncoiiver ludepemlciit has thu follow
ing, which kIiow the condition of public
Hchoola in a ainglu county, (Clarke), and indi
cate tho inteieat generally felt thiough the
territory t
"Wo give below mime figure taken from
the annual repoit nf thu Sciiool Superintend
ent of Clarke county, for tho year 1KS0. It
will be neon that tliu average cuit lux scholar
in thi county i very low, while thn faoilitiu
for common kcIiihiI education mo up to tho
average.
No. youth of achool age; Male I070
Kcinalo IllfJ
Total '-M7(l
Si), under I ycam of age IIIM
No. enrolled iu achool I20."
Average daily nttendaiico at all auhiHiN.. 20
Average duration of achool, (daya) U2J
No. of achool limiti' 1 1
No. of aclioo! 12
N f teachera eiuployed - Innle Ill
" " " Keiuale .'II
Average monthly aalary of teacher.
mile 28 SI
Average monthly salary of tenchem,
female 2.1 1 2
Annual iiieomu ft inn Territorial tax. fiS2."i 52
Annual income from ap-cinl tax .... S27 !MI
Amount imid for buildiugi Ih2 (II
" " " furnlturo 2110(1
Salary of County Superintendent ,. . 328 10
Salariea of teacher 478 M
Miacellaneom 222-17
Kxpciiro per capita of achool popu
lation 2 51
Kxpemio ier capita of enrolled pupil, 4 AS
I'atiinated value of achool property, 7000 00
Borne Correction.
In Dr. WilliycoiiilHi'a article on horaes aov-
rral typograpmcai inuiaKe occiirrcu. --.nr.
Vouug, of I.inu county," iliouM l .,
Younger, of Linn county. And lit npeaking
of Mr. John rtcdmnnd'aim)ort.itioii, tho name
ltcge" ahould bo Ilyadyk'ai tho mim error
occur in C. I'. Itaeoii'a horaea pedigree. The
word "poorly in the laat paragrnpn auouin
be purely.
In till connection wo wnimi ai.no niai we
have completed nrrangementa whereby l)r
Withvcninlifl will onawcraiiv inieatioini naked
concerning veterinary aubject. Let nil who
want inlormaliou omervo ino lonowingt reuii
a aliniuu mm at ino aame iimu a comiueie
diaguoeof the tniuhlo nlVcctiug the annual.
Write plainly on only imo aide of tho aheet.
All iiieation will bo nnawercd thiough the
Kaiimkii. (Anyone writing to Dr. Withy-
combo individually miiat rend him SI to pay
him for writing tho precriplion.) All en
ouiiie addreaed to u will bo auaweted free.
Send iiiileacriptioii of diaeaae.
If mine one willaeud u tlio particular nf
tho wi-iMlleil "lllack Leg" in lvitcm Oregon,
wowilltiy to correctly place and naino the
dineaae.
More About Secret tioclettj
Mm. w.mkk, Or., Jan. II, IS8I.
Ivlitnr WillauiettivK.il liter:
I noticed an aiticle iu your iuoof Dec. 21,
ridiculing Scent Siuistie. It i very oidiut
tint Mr. S. never In-longed to a aocivt oilier
in hi life. Iloaaid that the aiupiciou nf a
ac-iet i-onclavo kept out many good min. I
would beg leaw to dill'er with S,, n no one
belong to the (irange or any other Secret
Su-iety, to my kiiowlckge, but thoao wluiaee
goikl lit their fellow man. All those who have
gcnciou heart and open hand to help tho
needy, raise the fallen mid aiu willing to aid
in making the l.iUn of thu bfo chrerlul, wo
welcome to our Orange. It doe not mil per
ami from their woik to put their miml upon
other auhjecta, but teuda to iivrt-ation in
their daily dutiea, and by cheerful luatructiom
to lighten and elevatu their labor. It doc
not interfere w it It hia religion or political
view, hi moralitv itaeek the higlieat pointa;
houcaty inculcated; education uurtureil) char
ity ia a prominent characteiiatici tvmperanco
i aupportinl and brotherly love cultivated.
Let me aay, iu coucluaion, that auapiciou
have lceu the ruin of many a man.
M. Whim.
Spring Plowing.
When tin fnwty wither la over our farm
er will all go to work at their apring plowing.
Many of them will want plow, harrow a,
evtler. cultivator or tool of aome kind, and
we refer them to tho adverturincnt of Mewra,
Ncwlnxv Hawthorne A Co., who-o atook in-cludc-i
the celebrated Morriaon I'lowa, of all
kin.li; Tho Wliitcaker Wagon, i-.inner
Kri.n.t I It ill. Kj.!.'iK- ltitvadcnat Setttx and
all other kind of farming tool
A Layout.
Two hundred and aoventy tlioiu.vid people,
young and old, black and white, ptvueaa 120,
aquare mile of landa within tho louudrie of
Oregon Mid Waihiocton five toafuiily, tay.
Divide 27,000 by hve Mid we have ftt.000
(wnilie. 8uppoe halt of three are laud own-eri-wv
17.000 acree. Divide 120,000 by 27.-
000. and we have five equare mile for each)
or, in other word, about 2300 acre. I there
may room lor immigrant? Mate uineucnuii.
THE P.U.0UCE COUNTRY.
IntireBtln? D!r.erti)tlon of a Croat act Clrow-
Ituj ReTloa-Topigraphy, Doll and CUmate--
Oraln, crnas, Fruit ana Vozotiblcs-Cat-
tie, HoKes, 3ho;pand S77ine.
Wo felt nunc apprehension concerning not
ability to wiite up propetly thu country Kat
of tho r cade, and intended to mike a p:r
aonal visit to Walla Walla, nml place thi
aide, to kocuro facta from pcraoiiB who could
heat give them, hut tho ac.voti ha proved
uiipropitiou, thu river iauloicd, nml ill health
ha been nuothcr preventing came, but wu
havi been fortunato iu procuring various pub
lication that cover much ofth ileaircdgioiiud
and have met persona capable of giving ua
valuable information.
Thu I'nlotKu Country is perhap the mot
central point of intercut in nil that legion at
thu prevent time, ami wu nro foitunatu in ae
curing n amall p.-iuiplilct, published nt (Vilfax,
that kecin to cover thu ground aullicicntly,
ami though uvidently written by interested
partita' doe not deal in any exnggeratcil
ktntclnenti. Wo have gono over thi carefully,
and ate xatiMled that it i reliable, ami xo
piuitit Itns allowing tho character of that
peculiar region, and also a being in n mcaiuru
adapted to tho greater part f thu Da-tcrn
country with reganl to soil, climate and pro-
luct.
IIKNHIM. DOiCUIITlON.
Iu begining a dcacription of thi. country it
i very proper to tirat dcaoiibe the anil. Ill
depth, tho soil of Whitman county will aver
age about three feit. Oiithohill, itiandecp,
rich nml looao loam, except in aomu inatnuceB
nn thu South aide, it i alightly clayey. In
thu valley the aoil iaaimilar to that of thu
hill, except it ia aomewhat lighter, and in
aomu localities alkali I found to n limited ex
tent. It i equally productive in nny apot
that can be plowed, Tho aoil i the deepest
nml richeat toward tho caatcrn part of the
I'aloiiHU valley, nndliear thoiuouiitniuai grow
ing grndua'ly lighter nml thinner toward thu
West, until It dcgcneintc, near tho Colnin
bia river, into tho aand nml aago bmali anil
aiinilar to that of tho great plain of Nevada
nml Utah.
The hill nml valley nro nlilto covered with
a ili-iiku growth of bunch gnu", the iuot
nutrition of the gr.vi apecie. In Summer it
urmra luxuriantly. Alwut tho middle of duly
the heat f the ami civic in into nil excellent
hav. Thi afford the beat of iirnvemlcr for
atockof nil kind. Hunch grata, when mature,
i aaid to 1) l-ctter feed for horaea than ahcaf
oata. ABiiauiiiiuer range foratock tho mid
die portion of Whitman county enniiot beaiir
paaaed, wliilo iu tho weatcru part theabence
of aiioa." and tho liiildnca of tho weather af
ford nn excellent V inter range.
BTIICK
of nil kind do well hero, nml atocl: raiaing,
eaM-ciallv horaea nml ahcep, ib n prolitniile
branch of imluatry, owing to thu fact that
m In. n anow cover the uraaa, they are enabled,
by pawing tho mmw away, to obtain a bounti
ful aiipply of fiHkl. In Winter it ia nccccaary
to prepare iilcntv of bay for cattle, a tliov do
not aiiccecd in obtaining food in the aame man
iiernalioraeanndaheen. llouadowcllthrouuh-
out the entire country, but aro lea prolita-
lile than noraca, came ami aueep, owing iu
tho fact that they aro forbid by law, from run
ning at large. Hut notwithstanding thi,
them la plenty of bacon in tho country for
liomeconiumption. During ordinary Winter,
cattln need but little feed, and generally Kef
of the firat ipialitv ia killed off tho gnu dur
ing tlm millm-Wlnter. The price fiiP'ttock
aro generally good. Work liorae sell at from
tlfty to duo hundred ami forty dollar per
head. Cattle ranee from acven dollar for
yearling, to twenty and twenty-flvo dollar
III, ll'lll Jl .11. 1". m,....,u ,. w, ... ..(.......'
lollar to two Hollar ami nny cent per ueaii,
after licinc aheai'ed. lloin aro at preacnt.
fiiilo cheap, averaging aliout three nml a half
cent groaa weight.
There i water iu great abundance all over
the entire country. ThohilUlHinleringSiiako
river nlmtiml with livinit Sliriuc. a do alao
all thu hill iu tho e.ikteruuml middleprtiou
of the county. In koine localitie it i ntveai
ary to dig well in order to obtain water for
liouaelioiii ue, iiiuiue nepiii io which win.
have to bo aiink. in order to obtniug n bounti
ful aiipply of water i inignillKint, aay from
ix io iiuriy icei, iiceiiiuoi mw ,h.ihj.
fl IMATK.
Ill o brief n deacriptien ofWhitmaii lo.inty
it i diilieult to give n full and detailed ac
count of the climate, owing to tho fact that
aiucu the tcttlcmcut of thi county theru has
Ihtii no two Winter nbke. Uaually, the
Winter are pleaMiit and teiniienite. 1 Vom
tho lat of Niiwmlwrto tho middle of Kebruary
the ineivury iiuiged from twenty to twenty
live dcL'tcc nlmvo zero. Ov-i-.iionally, how
ever, the tciniicr.ituro i n low a tvn degree
U'low A'l-o. Tho Winter of ls7.'i-ll, waa the
coble', known, ainee the aettleiio-i t ol the
country, the mercury leaching a lowathiity
i legu-e Ulnw eiM. iniiiug nil sillier
I.S7l)-S) wn the mihlot one known. Dur ng
the eutiio Winter tin- therm meter imhent
eil : temperature no lower than ten dcgicc
move rem.
I'ounurwl with localitie nf the aame lati
tude, l-.it of the Hih ky Mount lim, the anew
fall heio u klicht. The . create t il pth
known to have Ik-cii on the ground at any ou
time, wa during the Winter of 1S72-:). when
it ixuched tho ilt-pth of twenty-three inchc.
aiueo with time it ha never exceedul ono
foot iu depth. The ground ia seldom cowml
with anew fur one mouth at n time. 1'iiorto
tho year IS7. theie wa but little rain fall in
thi country, but aince that time rain ha been
quite abundant. The rainy acamm u mi ally
couiii euc,ea aiuit ino um ui iciiuvr, nun
laata, ut interval, until the firat of May.
Tho koil rarely become too wet to Iw plowed.
In Summer the weather ia quite warm during
the da , but the night arvciml and relreslung.
Tin' chief production of tho county aro
wheat. oaU. Kirlev. rye. timothy, millet, no-
t.itivs, cabKige, IhtU and in fact of all the
hardy cereal and vegetable. Indian com
din' not flouruh hero aa it doc in liK-alitie
wheit the night aro warm. In eomo localit
lea. however. civial!v on Snako ltiver. con
idem I u Indian Hrooin corn and Sorghum i
crown. II. 'w too aro raised nioit of the ten
ner viy liea. audi a beam, tomataca, tu cet
iHitatot , etc. Tho yield of ccif.il i vcrv
largo v " it- iiiuucd w itll any of tho Atlantic
State- v he.it average for twenty-t'uo to
thilt let per acre, and a crop of lifty
btitln. j'v,r acre i fropient. Oat aver
eragi a! out sixty biubela inxacro, and ocva
ioniilly a hun lies I biub.elt i obtained per acre.
Harley yiebl alout the aame a oat. Hye,
foity to lifty bualicl. Timothy, two to four
ton jrr acre, l'otatoe. two to four hundred
bualicl x)r acix-, and all other production in
about the ame proportion.
TINBIK.
The lack of timber U one of the principal
drawback of the county. We believe that
we but auert the truth when wo tay that
there U uot more than timber enough ia
Whitman county with which to fence the
nrablu laod of the northwestern part of t'io
e miitv. On lower I'ino Creek, Kock Creek,
and Neg") Creek there I considerable good
pine timber, from which lumber of good qunl
'ty and in quantitiua autlicient to aiipply the
local demand can bu manufactured. I'ino i
mod nhm at exclusively for fuel. The princi
pal mipp'y of rail and poit timber i obtained
from tho Coonr d' Al lie Mountains in Idaho
Territory. These mountain. nru covered with
dense in-owth of pine, tamarack, white, red
nml yellow fir, cedar, sprue and several other
varieties of timber, from which an nliumlaiicc
of fence material I obtained Along the
North l'alouse there is n nariow atrip of pine
ami fir timber, extending in width nboutnii
nvcrngu of ono mile, nml iu length almost thu
entiro ilisUnco nci-oi tho county from north
east torouthwest. Kiru wood i drawn upon
wagons n instance ot from one to twelve
mile!!.
H0R.SK..
Whitman county nml nil that country lying
North of Snaku Hiver i especially ndniited
to the rai'iug of horses, nml we can truthfully
say that iu no portion of the Unite I Statis
do liorae m iluro on graa in better form, or
mine perfect proportions, thin iu this cinmlv,
Nature aeeius to havu combined in this coun
try nil tho element neee.ary to prodmo
horse of thu most perfect lypi. nml th it, too,
of all clave. Horses, like nil other animals,
are greatly iilrecteil oy climate nml other In
llucnces. Wo havu the hi'.'li nltitudu nml the
mountainous formation of country ruuiito
for the production of vigorous nml nthtutio
horse, qualities so essential to thu first-rite
trotter and racu-hore. We havu also tho
nbiimlaut nml aiicculetit forage so ncccsinry
for the piiHluctiou of the ponderous diiilt
liorsc, which is so popular nt the present time.
Several of our citizen havu hail too enterprise
to procure, at great expense, a number nf
f'rst class draft stallions, anil tlnxo i no doubt
but th it horses of great weight, combined
witliVullicient action to mako them sought
after by those who wish to employ hoisca for
heavy work, at a moderate rate of apeed, cm
bo produced with certainty and prnlit to tho
miser. This is assumed from the fact that
horses bnmi'lit from thu Central or Kattcru
Statc,ln variably improve In size when In ought
to thi country. To prove that .hardy nml
llcct-fonted hone can nlso ho raised here, wo
have only to refir to the Indian ponies that
have bred in and in for generations, nml feed
wholly on bunch grass, without shelter, nml
jwrforin wonderful feat nf ngilty nml endur
ance. One of thc.su ponies was known to carry
a large Indian one hundred and tliirty-tivo
miles in less than twenty-four hr.urs, and
seemed to be none the worro for tho journey,
which allow that the native bunch grass of
this section conbiins iu the light proportion,
those elements that are necessary to give t
tho horse n perfect physical dcvclrpmcut, nml
Hriuues of texture of mu 'In imi ih pri.ud
by horsemen nml obtained in most localitie
only by a careful nml piiimtaking system of
fcnllng. It must bu liorno in mind that,
uxceptiug work animals, no horse are fed
here, cither in Summer or Winter. It is
wi nderful how hoihcs.fcd on bunch grass, will
perform such journey na are common here.
I lone disease i a thing almost unknown
among horse raised on bunch grass, showing
tho toughness ami lirmncsa of tho texturo ot
bone. Aliothrr advantage that might bo
claimed in favor of our liorics, I that of
v etcht. which is about ten per cent, in favor
of Washington territory horse over those,
raised in tho Hastcni State. Thi feature ia
always a surprise to Riitern men, and whou
the scales tell tho story, they look astonished
and ask where tho weight cau be? our answer
is, "it Is in tho firmness of the tlhre of tho
animal." We ace here, oveiy day, small
horse doing as much work as largo ones iu tho
hast, ami witli greater caso ami saltty to
themselves. It la very aeldom that wo ace
lame horae from any cause, and heaves, never.
I'liis country being o recently settled, wo
cannot refer to a hmu lii nf illustrious per
formance on the turl to prove tliat in tliu
future gentlemen from all section of country
will look to Kaatcni Washington for horse of
"lino fiui'h and toughness of fibre," so eager
ly sought after by gentlemen for road and
track purposes. We know of some young
horse in Whitman county, in whoso vein
coiirtc a rojal blood as in any of those
mighty trotters who navo won renown, ami
made their name familiar wherever thu Ku-
gliah Ungurgu I spoken.
CATTLK.
This county, a n Summer range, has no
superior. Hut as a general rule, aome pro
vision mutt Ihi uiailo lor feeding cattlu for a
short tiin diirini' the winter aay from ten
day to three or four w eek. Cattlu are raised
here a clival), if not cheaper, than in any
other part ol thu western country. Cattlu are
not iiihjcut to climate disease iu this
country, Tliey grow rapidly and aro fit for
market wlien two or tnreo years om. i lie
hunch gr.i. which almond iu thi country,
i eminently t!eli producing forage, u'ud the
Wf killed from grass of thi specica i much
more palatc.ibto und juicy than from any other
spciicaof Mil.! gran. Iu fact, it i equal to
btcf fattened on grain. Our cattle market
a o Western Washington, Oregon, Colorado,
Nebraska nml Kansas. Quito a numlicr are
also disposed of in our town. During the
Spiing and early Summer inonth,p.irtica from
the nliovo localities visit thu section of coun
try and buy laic' lands of cattle which the,
drive to the Ivistern alopuof the Itocky moun
tain, where tlo'V aiv herded until winter,
then fed ami fattened for market in the early
Spring. Many cattle that nro raised hero tlml
tueir way into t Chicago, St, Louis and
then tho'Ncw Ymk Markets.
I'ltl'IT.
I'roin the lauding of the Pilgrim Kathrrs on
I'lviuouth Kock up to the present d.iv, there
probably ha iiev.r Ken a country settled
without it liuii'creu croaker who declared
that there never would bo any fruit
grow ii in that Cini rv. We cannot see why
the 1'atoiuo Country should bu mi excep
tion. Kroin men of experience wo learn
tliat thi country u especially adapted to
fruit raising. Some seasons wo may expect
a partial failure of the fruit crop, but failures
of crop happen iu all countries. For the
raising of apple. icara, plums, cherries and
all llie small iruua, mcru aru out iuw luvaii
tie better than thi.
Men who have traveled tho county over aud
over again, and examined all localities, say
that for fruit growing the whole county u
equally good. Of course grape and peaches
cannot Ihj grow n as successfully on the high
land aa on Snake river mid on the Columbia
near the mouth of the Spokane, yet there are
many sheltered place where they will uc
cctil. Apple, pear, plums, prune and cher
ries aro entirely at borne all over the county.
and a tho sea-sons are later than iu the Walla
Walla valley, we sometime escaiw frost when
fruit will be injured thereby where the sea
son aro earlier.
Wo would recommend planting more large
ly of the well-known and hardier varieties, a
tncro may come some Winter that will kill
tho more tender sort. For forrt tree, there
i nothing Utter than the Ash-leaved, Maple
or Kox Khler. The White Ash, Jjugtr Maple
aad lUack Walnut are almost a good. The
Yellow Locust is also one of the beet of forest
trees, although some people object to it. The
Silver-leaved Alder is probably the hardiest
tree of all, and will grow in almost any locali
ty, and almost w itln ut moisture. It is easily
proUeteU but i keis ladly in rich, moist
earth. It can bo grown in tho dryest soil on
the high prairie. ne..r the Columbia river,
whero piobably no other tree will grow.
A to the adaptability of our climate to tho
culture of sheep, it i, to say thu least, good.
KroiM early in the Spring until late iu tho
Kail wu have almost cmlles varieties of vege
tation adapted to the want of sheep. Then
we have tho bunch grae during tho whnbi
years which i, iiotunfreqiiciitly, a substitute
for hay. I'or fear tho grass should becomo
bleached or tho snow lay on tho ground for
any length of time, it i idvisablu to prepare
somu hav every winter. For tho last three
year it has only been necessary to feed from
two to five weeks during tho Winter, and tho
last, 1877-8, they kept fat on the ratn:o tho
entiro Winter and passed through iu good
condition. Our vnrietiesaru generally limited
to thu Ootsuohl and Merino, which seem to
be admirably adapted to thi climate. Our
wool, when properly prepared for mark-1, is
second to none on the I'aeifio Slope. Sheen
nre generally healthy, nltliouch there nro n
few diseased ill tho county. There is a, move
now luing made to ermlicito nml prevent thu
fill ther spread of the contagion. It is neces
sary to keep a herder constantly with thu
flock to protect them from wild nnimnl,
which me quite hunicroti. Coyotes ami lynx
are foil ml on the oikii prairies, nml in the
timbered district there are wolve, cougar
nml beat. Hut these animals do not trouble
properly herded Hock. Tho uual thin for
ahcaringis from the 1st to the 2.th of May,
which is about thn time sheep have done
lambing. Our clips range from six to ten
pounds per head, and wo sometime find a
tleeeo that will weigh twenty pounds. Mocks
are kept near the larijo streams' during tho
Winter. After shearing they are driven to
the mountain range whero tho leaves nml
brush nro firsh,
IIKAI.TII.
In regard to health, Whitman and thoso
counties lying north mid east, nro most favor
ably located. Malarial fevers aro experienced
liy thoo only who were olfectcd beforo com
ing to this country. Tho reason of this i ob
vious to thosii who have been living hero for
any length of time. The altitude is high, and
the surface of tho country broken, wliilo wo
occupy an elevated basin lietwccn two ranges
of mountains, which renders the nir pure nml
invigorating, giving to persons Used to iuhal
imt a dense nml impure atmosphere n sense
of liouyancy nml vigor nuver experienced by
the inhabitant of low, flat countries, Thu
water is puro and cold, coming ns it doe from
thu mountain range on either siduof us, in
siicliBbiinilaucutli.it it forms ono of the chief
features of excellenco claimed for thi county.
I'ui-o nir nml wutcr, with mi almost totnl no
sconce nf gn.it nml mosquitoes, make this al
most a Paradise to those whoso nerve havo
been shatteied by diseases, nml tortured by
Liliputian warriors. Thiscliinato i n apecilio
fornstbmi in nny form. Our Winters nro
mild compared with thoso nf thu Knatcru
States in the saino latitude, nml as a rule, are
free from dainpnes. The Summer day nro
not hot nml sultry, mid tho lilizhts nro always
cool nml refreshing, the lienclits of whicli need
not Us dwelt upon at length, lever of nil
kind nre rare, especially those of n iniliunnnt
ty'io. There is no portion of country west of
tho Itocky Mountains that can boast of a more
healthful elitnnto tl-nu thn I'alniiso country.
This fact will ho mora obvious when wo take
into consideration the laruetiumberof persons
who havo cmii'ratcl I, era for tho benefits they
might derive by living in n country whero
health may ho recameil after having been lost
while residing in n less favored locality. In a
very largo majority of case their most san
guine hope havo lieen more than realized.
LANDS IN' EASTERN WASHINGTON.
U.MTKti Statkm Land Omen,
Walla Walla, Nov. 2!, I8S0.
I)r.Ali Slltt In reply to your letter of the
10th, I enclose herewith A statement showing
the total area of land (Government, Railroad
ami School), in this district. Our records
show tho area of laud tiled upon, Hot neces
sarily the vacant lands, as many persons file
their claims ami subsequently abandon with
out notice to tho land office, consequently a
largo proportion of what appears to bo claimed
may le vacant. In tho recapitulation I givu
an estiinato of the area filed upon and entered
as shown by our records, from whicli you can
get mi approximate idea of tho area which
may bo considered as vacant laud Aliout 20
per wnt. of tho Kailroad land In Walla Walla
and Columbia counties havo Iweu filed upon.
In Columbia county, there aro 21 townships
unsiirveyed, bordering on tho Oregon line,
cmbnciiig thu Hluo inniinttins and chiefly
available for timUx. In caso you desire a
detailed statement, showing the area entered
under llio homeateial nml pre-emption laws
I will furnish tho aainu with pleasure.
. Very resiiectfully,
!'.. II. MoituisoN, Register.
(Ol.l'MlllA iohstv,
Oovcriiinent laud, acres . 80.V80l.tll
School land. ' Xl.olO.OO
Noi them I'aeifio " ilO.oGO.liO
Total surveyed laud 1.(KII,IK)1.40
WALLA WALLA Itlll.NTV.
Ilnverumrnt laud, acre 40!),7i:i,4.,
"school land, " -K.OOO.OO
Northern Pacific " .100,7i:U()
Total surveyed land
WHITMAN COt'kTV.
(ioverniurnt land, acre
School land, "
Northern I'aeilio "
8:tS, 120.71
ir.(l".!).12
lil.S 10.00
iri,8:!ii.i2
Total surveyed land :w:i,3lS.2l
KI.U'KITAS CXIl'MV.
Oovcriuucnt laud, acres XlS,2S.V0fl
School land, " 2S, I '10.0.1
Northern Pscifio " 2.tS,2S.1.00
Total surveyed land oOI,730. 10
VAKI1IA COl'NTV.
Oovtniment land, acres 0s,2Ki.2l
School land, " 0,400.00
Northern Pacific ' OS.213.24
Total surveyed land 202,820.48
KECAHTrLATION,
lCMil).tl ol Ltnii in Acrvi,
roi'XTii
Tot! Are
(los'l Un.l.l School I llallrct,!
kursed
1 jiumi.u
SsO.MII.lU
(00,713.15
iea.UD.it
t3S.Ss.V04
SJ.MU.IS.M
43,000.00
VOO.iSS) m
S.-0.7 II
tW,SvVOS
l.col.ttl
saMM
I'ASlS
WstUW'al
Whltmin
Kllcl'.Ut
ltf.MU.00
ts.lio.ro
(04,7)
YiMma,
m,;ij.2i
1,100.001
to.iU.tl
TuUl.l,7H.11i.Sil37.MJ.0OlI.m,alo.l7"f,O0l,ti
Columbia county. About 70 per cent, of
tho Government land has bees filed upon,
about 2.1 per cent of xs hich has been entered.
Walla Walla county. Alout 50 per cent,
of theGoverument Und has been filed upon,
of which about 70 per cent, has been entered.
Whitman county. There are no filing.
Klickitat county. About 12 per cent, of
the Government land ha been filed upon and
fee entries not 1 per cent,
Yakima county. About 10 per cent, filed
upon, no entries.
DAlLuOr., Dec. 18, 1880.
Daum Sit We have received scnr com
munication dated December 16, 1880, request-
big n "statement of tho number of ncrcs of
ncant lands subject to homestead nml pre.
emption, by counties, within our district.'
Wo havo made n. careful estiinato of l.iml
subject tocntry under tho Homestead Vrel"
oupiiou, i iniucr culture, mm Jimher Land
Acts, as follows!
hi Wasco county, acres H.OOO.OOO
" llnint " " 800,000
"Umatilla" " 800,000
Totnl estimated at 4,(i00,000
Thero is but a small 'portion of (Irant and
Umatilla counties within this district. N.-!,.
all of Wasco counties lies in this district.
cry respectfully, your ob t serv t
Calkii N, TiioitNiitmv, Receiver,
LA IIIIANIIi: LAN!! lllXTltlCT.
rul-NTIM.
TntalArea.Surrov'iltfnsiirv'illa-)tl,i
I'nlon
Itakir
limit....
I'liutltU..
ii.lll.ois)
sfil.ooo
J''i'.'lli)
2.i,K),riO
,s;in,nun
2,181,000
1.70J.0OO
400,000
1,fi;i,0i)
i"" ""I 1W,M
,:iso,oooi iai$,;
Note.. Kstlin.itc! sptllnl taints In Umatilla
I cxchislri) of Itillroail l.wi.l
co loir
Installation of Officers or Onk Plain Orange.
Tho Patron, of Husbandry met at Oak
Plain (Irango Hall .luimary 8th, for thu pur.
pou of performing the ceremony of Installing
tho ollicirs of thu grange at that place, and ly
the hour appointed the hall was filled to over
flowing with earnest Patrons, llrot hers and
sister working together in tho cause of hn.
iniiitv- ."I'nlrnlis Dnektlltr from tin. 1,111 ....-
J wiw -.a
and from tho valleys with earnest heart and "
true." f
Uhanoii, Santiain, Harmony, Sand Ridge,
Harrisburg and Charity wcro all well repre
sented. At about 1 1 o'clock appeared on tho
scciio of action that earnest, zealous, Indus
trious, patron, R. A. Irvine, Stato Deputy,
accompanied by a host of other hard working
Patrons, amongst whom could bo counted
thoso old whecbhorscB of tho grange, Hon, J.
A Dawson, of Harmony No. 2(lj Hon. Har
vey Shelton and L. W. Pomeroy, of Santiam
No. .17 Hros. Rasil Cooper ami Matt Scott,
ami others, of Sand Ridgo No. I"7 llio. and
Sister Train and othem.of Hamshurg No. Hi
llro. and Sister Sengcr, of Clmrit No. 10.1,
beside many others too numerous to mention.
After prayer by the Chaplain mid musioliy
tho choir, Hros. Irvine and Dawson wcro In
t odiiced and proceeded to install tho follow
ing gllicvra to-witi A. W. .St.anuard, M.t J.
11. Coniett, O.i It. II. Wright, S. S. P
Hrock, A. S I S. Taylor, C. S. O. Collins,
T.j T. Davidson, S, T, K. Nowsomo, (1. K.
SIstirM. H Taylor, P. Sister L. Raiiuey,
K.i -Sister Sarah Cornett, L. A. S. Owing to
tho scarlet fever being in their families, J.
Davis, W. L., mid Sister Davis, C, could not
be present for installation. After tho cere
monies of installation wcro concluded, the
Liblo waa prepared ami thu sister spread lie.
fore tho grmigo n sumptuous repast of roast
chicken, ham, pics, cakes, etc.. such aa th
good sisters of Oak Plain I irango nre al war
milium .w 'ivi.,iv. ,,,i-i juaiiiu uvllljf uuue
to thu viand (if eating things can bo called
doing justice to them), thu tables wcro char
ed and thu grango called to order by Worthy
Master Stannanl, nml tho speech making be
gan. Hro. David Smith, of Lebanon, Treasur
er of tho Stato Orange, was called for, and
made a few- well timed remark on co-operation.
Hro. 8. S. Train, Worthy Master of
Harrisburg Orange, spokoat length on good
of thu order, showing tho advantages of co
operation, mid how other trades anil calling
were benefited by concerted action. Jlro. IU
A. Irvine, Agent of tho Linn County Council,
then took the floor and entertained thojLi
dienco in his usual terse mid able atvle. in'
speech of an hour and five minutes, showing
hid uuvBiungcn ucrivcu oy mo 1'atrons ot
Lion from concert of action and united dibits
for the last two year, making an impression
on the minds of many Patrons present that
will bo lasting, and convincing them that the
irrange in Linn county ia not dead yet. Then
camo that firm old granger, llro. Harvey
Shelton, of Santiam, who mado ono of his
characteristic speeches, telling tho Patrons
present that he wa "of no account at home
mid wa sent out on thesu expeditious to got
him out nf the way." Now brothers and si.
ter of Santiam, if you have any more such
member a Harvey send them uut to stiffen
the backlioiiu of other grangers, as ho will
never 1 forgotten by thoso who mot him at
Oak Plain, mid who unito in shouting "Ion?
livu Harvey Shelton," Hro Matt Scott, of
Sand Ridge, made fow pointed remarks.
'I hen Hro. L. W. Pomeroy, of Santiam. spoke
in his usual humorous vein for nearly half an
hour, making nil happy who hoard htm. S.
A. Dawson then came out nml mado many
pointed remaik particularly to tho officer
of tho grange, ami about tho benefits of farm
er wot King together. Sister 1 mill, Ceres of
State Orange, leplted in an ablo manner to
encomiums of Hro, In ino in referenco to lha
way and maimer in which the listers provided
retiesiimeiit.
After a fow closing remaik by various
members, the day being far spent, all diers
ed to their homes feelinir that it wa well that
they had met together, and that it would b
Iwtter for the tiller of tho soil to havo many
Mieli meeting! ami that w.u csiieeially thu
feeling of thu
"Ciiikl Amomi them Takinii Note.."
A Grange Installation.
Kditor Willamette Karincn
Heing ono of thu many leaders of your val
uable paper, I thought I would drop you a
few line to let your many readeis know that
one of the Secret Societies of which Mr. S. is
so much afraid will do him no injury. I refer
to Siuslaw Grango. Heing requested to be
present to install their officer, I arrived at
the "Green Door" school-house on New Year'
day and fouud about one hundred Grangers
present, inoludiug both large and small. The
bouse waa called to order by Hon. W. J.
Coleman, Master elect. After music by the
choir, we proceeded with tho installation cer
monies, which were listened to with marked
attention by tho vast assemblage, after which
dinner wa announced. Inonlvr to lave rxmi
it wa necessary toconstruct a table in thcopen
air, which waa well-loaded with the fat, of the
land and gotten up in the style so well
understood by thu fair sister. of Sius
law to which all douu ample ius-ic-, your
humble servant included. If Mr. t. could
have seen the table before and after dinner his
fears would all have vanquished, as far a
Siuslaw is concerned. Dinner Imjii g over, the
house was called to order and the tirifl ques
tion discussed by sonio of the Siui'awyert, to
the advantage and interest of all pns.nt, af
ter w hich the grange went into secret session
and held an interesting meeting. Under the
efficient management of Mr. Coleman, we pre
dict a. prosperous year. We are taking in
tome new members, and taking all thinps into
consideration, I think Siuslaw Grange U 0M
of the mot HourUhing in Lane countv.
Yours, fraternally, 0, J,
Read, the advertUcBieata.
.1
f