, . siiip "U-r3s -
iyt Vau
Msfetok&&r? Mil t, 1 I v MM hiififfl
IISIIkH' V wit Salt fes " 4 . M B M w5ss-2feCM
V
VOL. XII.
PORTLAND, OREGON; FRIDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1880.
NO. 45.'
TO OUR READERS.
Me limp tnl iiihii) lliiiiiniul dollar l)
he rrt-illt sjlstiii, ami iiiut ilo business
tar Trailer m it r-jisli basis.
ffc virre burned mil Inst Spring nml since
thrn linrr passed ttiruiiitli ycry linnl times.
The iii.itrlltormir siihtrrlpllims expire
darlnzt.'iR lull nml In Jiiniiurj, itiiiKtirnsk
nr friends to Itc ns irninil in possible Iii
ntnltlnz rrnrnl.
Wr ate srndlnicoat notices nt expirations,
Mt If niijr mistake Imt orrurrd please III'
f.rin in nn flint Mr ran tanke nrrrssiiry ror-(ellon.
THE COLD. BPRINO COUNTRY. '
A Full and Comploto Description of a Newly
Dovelopotl flection of Countrr In
Umatilla County.
Hki.IX, Umatilla Co., Of., Doc. r, '80.
Kditor Willamette Farmcri
In tli.it jiortioii ot Umatilla county where
tlio Stato lioundary lino running west inter
sects tlio Colombia river, i n scope (if coun
try of w liicli Imt comimrntively tittle is known,
lint winch 1m, nevertheless, stisccpiiblu of tlio
highest degree of agricultural development,
anil which is even now emerging from tlio
statu of an miiroi1uctivo bunch-gross firnirie,
ami rapidly attaining it natural pre-eminence
ni one of tlio most extonsivo wheat lldiU of
Oregon's (Ircat Inland Kinpiro.
, Tlio county in question in Mi tlio Coluinliin
rlrnr sldo of a pmirfo which runs between ami
parallel with that stream and tlio llltio moun
tain;, or, to Ik morn exact, it may bo descrih
as tlio nnrtlivrn lioiihdar'c of Umatilla coun
ty, of which that part of tlio Columbia river
lying between Unuitilla lauding and tlio
Stato iMiuiidiiry lino is at onco tlio base slid
tlio waterfront. Tim general panic for tliu
- --i lnLtti a. tciuto.Vi " '"iniTi
fral township i,f Hud prairio land, tlio whole
of wliiuh is open to nottlomeutaml imuicdiato
ly available for nyticiiltnr.il purponcM, is tl.o
Cold Spring Country. It extends southward
from tlio point named on tlio Columbia river,
for an avcrigo dUtauccof llfcom milej, tliu
whole of which, with tlio exception of that
portion inimediatelv adjoining tlio liver, con
lists of a niagulllceiit rolling prairie, produc
ing a wonderfully luxuriant growth of bunch
(.tojs and totally duvoid of sago brush, with a
iluo hlack-lo.im soil which is peculiarly adapt
ed for the production of tlio cereals, vegeta
bles and fruits common to the great wheat
raising licit of tlio Northwest interior. Tlith
erto, this tine piece of country has been util
ised only as a cattle and sheep range, for
which, indeed, it is admirably adapted, and
it has only been the selilth policy of our stock
men, who wished to monopolize tlio rango for
themselves, their heirs, executors and assigns
forever, in inisieprescntiug it as a region of
nothing but sand and sagebrush, in order to
discourago intending settlers from prospecting
It for themselves, which has prevented it from
becoming settled, appreciated and developed
as its merits and great advantages as an agri
cultural district deserves. Of late, liowevtr,
that is to say in the last three years, as the
Umatilla Valley, or (ircuowood side of the
prairio fronting the llltio mountains, hecamo
nettled and converted by the untiring luiiid
of industry into a neat grain producing dis
trict, the haidy laud-seekers were compelled
to locato hiiiher and higher, till at last the
Oreasowood Flat was left far behind, tlio sum
mit of tlio prairio was reached, settled and
cultivated, and then for a time the process of
development ceased. This stato of things,
however, could not exist forever, for as time
progrved a few rsnehers hunting their stray
teams, penetrated into the Columbia river
side of tliu prairie, and instead of finding a re
gion of s.-ij'o-linuli and sand, as it lud btcn
grossly misrepresented to Iki, they found them
selves traversing a at wilderness of fertile
prairie where the bunch grass was rank and
knee high in its wonderful luxuriance, and
watered by an infinitely greater number of
living springs, which makes it not only a much
more fertile and better country for cultivation
ami agricultural development, but is also, by
reason of its contiguity to the great highway
e, the Columbia river, which brings
over, and which excludes the narrow strip of
sago-brush and sand which immediately ad
joins the great liver of tlio West, the iiupro
jKissesslng appearance of which has deterred
so many from prospectant tlio interior, in
addition ti the great advantages it enjoys
from its commanding geographical poiitinu,
which gives it tweuty-Hve miles of water front
whetv are tin co steamboat landings and it lino
of railroad already constructed running ptral
lei thereto, the Cold Spiiug country rejoices
in tlio possession of three distinct natural out
lets, which, because it is a more imtiosing
term than gulches, are dignified by the namo
of canyons, which, with their forks and trib
utaries all head near each other on the sum
mit of tlio prairie, and thcticu radiating toward
tliu Columbia river nnd pursuing a general
northerly course, they intersect anil drain the
whole of this scope of country, thus allbnling
it easy natural roadways to the Hired strain
boat landings and railroad depots on its watii'
front.
Tlio names of these gulches aro tlio Van
sycle, Juniper and Cold .Spriinx canyon. Of
theso Vonsyclo in tlio most easterly, wliioli
heads on the summit of tlio Columbia rivo
sido of tlio p-niric, a short distance from tlio
head of the llig (ireaaewnod canyon on the
llltio mountain side, nnd tlieucu pursues n
uoitlierly courso for n tlistaucu of eighteen
miles when it ellects a junction with the
Walla Walla river two miles above Wallula;
in this canyon ate two lino snrincs, but tliu
country to tlio outward, in the direction of
the Walla Walla Valley is tliu least desirable
for settlement, for in ndditjon to its being
badly broken up, the sod is more or less im
pregnated with nlknll nnd down towanls tlio
Columbia ritir it terminate, in tlio basaltio
tablo lauds which Under that stream. West
ward of Vaimyclc, towards Juniper, the soil
is richer ami tlio country much less broken.
The main Juniper canyon is fourteen miles in
length, and possenses it large tributary known
as tin) Xorth l'oil;, seven miles in length,
which Initli head near Vausyele, and which
after coming together pursues n serious west
want course till it spreads out and disappear!
in thuAauvU'lish at a point VPlKuite tlio head
4f-'xl.l 'i i ?"'rt.KtLauUia 4UiJ;umj..
the Hit; Inland in tlio Columbia. In this
gulch are some of tLe Illicit and laigest living
springs of tlio purest water to bo found in
Umatilla ciuiityi it intersects a largo ixtent
of fertile prairio whel eon aro 'located many
old time rcsidcnU and Into tenant farmers of
the Willamette valluy, whoiire highly pleaed
with their new locations and who aro hero to
st.iy. In the course of another year or two
there men ulll hu tlio r places In such good
fix that they will have no dilliculty in luntiug
them toothers, instead of laboring themselves
to itiiiku other men rich, l'ive udlcs nliove
the junction of the Xorth Turk witli the main
Jumper is tlio large ranch of tlio l'aiuo Hros.,
the great agricultural implement dealers ol
Walla Walla, who own the a hole of a section
of school laud and the half of an adjoining
section, in all nearly one thousand acres, into
which they havu iccently comu into posses
sion and aio now making extensive prepara
tions to put the whole under cultivation at an
early date) in the immediate vicinity of this
ranch I hero is still many thousands of acres
of virgin soil nuly awaiting tliu hand of Cau
casian industry to be couveitcd into smiling
Ileitis of golden grain and made to blosrom us
the rose.
The Cold .Spring is much the largest of the
series of canyons whicli intersect the country.
ihu north, or mam icrK, twenty miles in
length, heads a little to tlio southward of the
sources ol .lumper nml Yansyclo; tlio mlildla
fork seventeen miles long, heads still further
south, while the south lorK has its origin in
tlio vicinage of Pendleton, and after running
in n semi-circular direction for a distsnee ol
twenty-two miles it joins the main gulch at
what is known as the Iladger Springs, wliero it
mus to the westward on a arallel with the
Columbia river and then loses itself in the big
sand flat at tlio Umatilla Wells. The head of
the Xorth Fork of Cold Springs has of late
settled up very fast, so much so that A school
district (Xo. Wl) has been organised and the
of commerce,
it so much uearcr to market, n much more de
sirable locality for settlement than tlio Orease
wool side of the prairie which faces tlio Uluu
mountains.
Hence it will bo seen that the country un
der consideration has received no advertising;
that it has been kept idle by misrepresenta
tion, and that its locality, borderinp 011 the
ratest river of the Pacifio Coast, with the
It. A X. Co.'s line of I ail rood traversing it
aloug the full length of its water front, and
urrouudod ai it is by the high civilization of
Walla Walla twenty-five miles on the east,
ami by that of Weston and Center ille twelve
miles to the westward anil l'endleton twelve
miles to the southward, aod with a soil un-
equaled in the Northwest for fertility and J
productiveness, makes it me most uesiraoie
locality for settlement in the great interior.
Strictly speaking, the Cold Spring country
attend from Umatilla Landing on the west,
beyond the State boundary Hue to Wallula,
in Washington Territory, on the east; hence
it may be correctly stated to embrace a tract
of land containing twenty-five miles of longi
tude by fifteen miles of latitude, which com
prises fully four townships of as good gov
eminent and railroad land as ever a crow Hew
school already running. On the south fork
of this canyon is a largo ranch embracing
iweuiy-iivc hundred acres, Known as the
Manin Kami, ownud bv I. T. ICeeso k Co..
of Weston, of which eight hundred acres are
under cultivation in one laxly. To the north
and west of this ranch is tlio Morehouse, or
the great Umatilla wheat farm which was lo
cated last year by John H, . Foster and Ia-o
Morehouse, of Umatilla, associated with a
company of Portland capitalists. Tin's farm
comprises seven sections, or nearly live thou
sand acres in one body, with three thousand
acres already under cultivation. Another
school sectiou on Jumper canyon is owned by
Captain (iorm.iu, of Walla Walla.
It must not be inferred from tlio foregoing
that all the laud here is taken up, fur these
great farms, originally located for experimea
tal purposes, comprise only a fractional and
by no means the liest portion of this largo ex
tent of farming country. The Umatilla (arm.
for instance, adjoins and in places embraces
a part of the desert zone ot sand and sago-
urusu which in wiai particular locaiuy over
leaps its usually contracted limits on the
banks of the Columbia and extends lack from
the river for a distance of ten miles, while be
tween Juniper and the liadger Soriugs the
black loam of the prairie invades the domain
of the sage-brush right to the waters edge.
In addition to tlio Urge farms about two hun
dred locations of quarter and half section
farms lave been made at ditlerent points on
the prairie, and there is room yet for fully
three hundred more settlers to come in and
build up homes for themselves anil families,
whicli iii the very near future will he worth a
fortune to their possessors. Many of the
people here have given the wonderful I'alouse,
SpoKanand Yakimacountries a thnrough pros
pectin? ami have returned to make final loca
tions on the Cold Spring prairie, because here
the climate is milder, water is inoro easily ob
tained, it is one hundred miles nearer to mar
ket and is already in poueasion of railroad
communication with Walla Walla and Celilo,
nnd whicli in addition to the prospect of tlio
speedy completion of this lino to Portland,
will soon bo traversal north and south by tliu
railroad from the Columbia river across tlio
Itluo mountains into tliu (.Ir.iudo ltoudo Val
ley, Tlio soil and more equable climate of
this locality permits tlio raising of coin, sor
ghum, tobacco and tlio finer fruits which are
killed by the frosts which harass tlio far upper
country. In this connection tlio writer states
the positive fact that from a half acre potato
patch located on the highest point of the Cold
Spring ranch and fully sixty feet nbovu water,
the nvcrao weight of the potatoes was threo
to the iiiud for tliu whole patch. On tin ad
joining ranch on the summit of tin- prairic.atn
still greater height alioto water, nro several
shocks of corn raised thereon, 'hat can bo seen
fur miles, which, when viewed from ailistaucu
looks like a great cainpof Indiahlodgc. Tlio
head of tlio Cold Spring prairio is fifteen miles
distant from (ll.Words Saw .Milieu Wild
llorso creek, nnd rails can lie lmiight at"tiiiy
puna in ino iiiuo moiinutins lory-jwr iiuu
died, whilo the Columbia river nt high water
leavti an Immense amount of ilnu wood on
its banks, so that settlors call mako their own
rails' ami cedar jiosls, nnd secure lircwou 1 by
tlio oxercisu of their its n I.tlior,
The great iiuiiiIrt of springs on the prairio
ban Ikh'U liefoio alluded to, htitnf con nro thuro
nro largo portions where water can only hu
obtained by sinking. Tliu depths of Mulls
vaiy fr in fifteen to forty.fivo feet, depending
upon the depth of tlio soil, tliu rulo living the
ileejier the soil tliu deeper tlio well, as run
ning water of thu purest quality in inexhaust
ible quantity is iuvaiinhly found in a porous
honey-comU'd rock n few feet below the bed
rock. Thus, two wells sunk on thu summit
of thu prairie attained a depth of 77 and M
feet respectively licforo water was struck, (10
leel ot which was sunlc through thu lino niacK
loam whicli comprises thu soil of the prnlriu.
As n matter of courso a soil of that depth Is
incnpalilo of exhaustion, and whu:i to this is
added thu fact that tlio cultivation of timber
on timber ciiltuiu claims is succusfully car
ried on, growing, hi fact poiititiiioulv, with
out anv attention at all. auuioideaof tliu won-
LtWiw!StuwJity..Vf. .JiiiiHtnT'iiia b ji.iwiiukl
inereirnui. u may no nifss-cli tn stat tint
fact that tho Pendletr ii miller Utttlinri? the
statement that tlio bet nhcat they Intra re
ceived this year was grown on tho Cold Spring
prairie, which is doubtless nttiihutablu to thu
fact that this prairio possesses n iioithern in
stead of a southern sspect, ami, therefore, tho
soil is tho better enabled to letaiu nudstiirii
than if it weiu oNpOM'd to the full glare of thu
midsummer miii, Iii this tho Cold Spring
country greatly resembles tho toiiograpliical
features of thu Umatilla Indian reservation,
for this lino tract of land is green in tho tally
Spring when the suiioiiiidiiig prairio is lalo
and brown. The philosophy of this rcmaikn
blo featuiti lies in thu fact lieforo narrated,
vizi that like thu Cold Spring prairio, thu les
ervstion is not directly exposed to the sun's
rays, and, therefore, tho soil dries out less
quickly. As u matter of fact there is as good
ugraduof vacant Land on the Cold Spring
prairie as any that is included within thu lim
it of thu Indian reserve. The unattainable is
always thu most desirable, and it is naturally
very exasperating to tho civilized Caucasian of
utilitarian tendencies to see such an immense
extent of good land devoted exclusively as a
grazing ground for-tho scrub iionic of a few
idle, iioii'self-supportiiigSiwaslies. and. more
over, there nro on the reservation many hun
dreds of ncica of alkali and adobe laud whicli
would involve the oxpeiulittiru of largo sums
of lllOIieV to -emllr tlinm tinulnrttf,, I'lw.
soil of the Cold Spring country throughout its
whole length and breadth is total lv free from
these ingredients, and being so much nearer
to market, it is decidedly thu most dosirablu
locality of tho two sections for all who desiru
to make themselves permanent homes in tho
bunch-grass country,
Ileie, then, is room for fully three h nml red
laud seeker to comu and locate themselves
each II'-'O acres, or a half section of good land,
whereon they can build up homes for their
families. Situated two hundred miles east
from Portland, tcnty-tivu miles west from
the great inland metropolis of Walla Walla.
and with the threo town of Weston, Center
villu ami Pendleton onlv twelvu miles dittitnt.
and possessing twenty-fivo miles water front,
with three steamlioat landings, and the trunk
line of the Oregon Kail road and Xavigation
Couniaiiy's railroad already completed on the
Columbia river, and with another road already
surveyed running through its center into the
urauiio jioinie valley, thu Uil.l .sphng
country in Umatilla county oilers inducement
to the land-hungry which can nowhere Ihi
equaled, much less excelled, in the whole of
the uppor country, for itsaltitudo is,lowlr, its
climate is more equable and water is invaria
bly found a few feet below liedrock. Over
two hundred locations havu been made on tills
prairie since March lost by men with families
from all part of tho Union, all of whom are
delighted with the advantages of their new
homes. 'Die heads of these families realize
the great advantages of being so near railroail
and river tramqiorution and are enthusiastic
over their location so near to the city of Walla
Walla. Looking at this section of the upper
country from a geographical point of view, the
northeastern portion of Umatilla countv.
which includes the Cold Spring prairio, may
tho construction of railroads. Xo portion of
mo upper country is making more progr.ssivo
strides than that in lluMhlcu counties named.
Its transition from flitf State of a savage fron
tier to an earnest and progressive civilization
is complete, and the grand work of dot eloping
i'sdorniant resources has commenced Tlio
finite mind of man is incapabloof comprehend
ing the ivjihty cmplru which will be establish
ed hero wvucn its varied and practically itndm
iteil retoiyves are utilized to their fullest ex
tent. ItsV-,ingross has not been in this decade,
but in tlflflast quarter of this decade. Vast
sums of money from tliu world's great mone
tary ccnVkrs nto being concentrated hero to
facilitate ilio development of Its resources, and
therefore, new comers making homos herunow
nt such a favorable time, will not havu tnwnit
for a very Jong period to reap tho fruits of
their lalwf-hnd eiitorpi iso, for tho good tinio
coming fs already here, and nti Imuicdiato re
ward awaits the pioneer and tlio "carpet-bag-grr"alll.'.
'
In Uii'AtilU county tho incrcixo of taxable
propeit5igrtho eurren t fiscal year over ptu
ci'dini; vii.uoTiotis is inniii than half it million
dollars, while, comt-ariiig tliu votti cast at tho
Into Presidential election with the voto for
Stnto nml county nfllccrn in Juno last, thu in
crease iS its population is phenomenal. So
rapid h Ol.t'cn its proxies j in all the material
inteiestiw hieh makfl prosperity, that an efl'ort
wns uiai i' hi mo lately iiiimtirncd statu l.rgis
iMiiiiiifi-:A oi uinatiiia into
is in thtl rapidly growing
Cold SVng prairio is locate
tioi tivrriif aro included
latiiro nllivido tho territory comprised In the
lHiitiiili(l,s of Umatilla into threo counties. It
eoun'rv that the
watcd. The odd ste
in a (lovemmeiit
grant to thu Xiiitheru Paeiliu Itnilroad. Tim
probabilities nru that tliu grant will revert to
the liovcrtiuicnt eventually, but even if it
should not, thu policy of thu Xorthern 1'acllhi
Company has boon mi liberal (disponing of tliu
laud) in its Pen d Oreille Division nt (Invent
limit price), that it is safe to assuni- that this
sucocsxful policy will Iki continued win ii theso
lauds nto placed t:l,Hiu market. Thcro is,
hint ever, no draw liaok to their immodiato cul
tivation, as an application to purthase, with
aetunl cultivation gjSes the applicant prior
nghUuU was tVkSf.jVjajUtut of the writer to
,,HilfVV",r,1",''''?v1C lTulriea with tho AI
bin) ffrt othcrtWIlbnMtsj rxairles, nnd com
bat the erroneous Wchfuot idea that the agri
cultural lands of the upper country consist " f
a pot-hole here nnd tlieie, like tho Walla
alia alley. .Many of the older settlers
hero havu not yet begun to realize the future
gieiitness ol tho upiier country. A practical
knowledge of its lesourccs is required to do
1", ,,li, tltv PIMMl-Vl lllllll HU nillllllll II UI1III1I-
ciatu it iii nil its magnitude.
It might bo fair to ridicule the idea of the
Willamette tenant farmers lalioiiiig to make
other men rich, when only two hundred miles
distant is good laud waiting to bo taken up,
but wu refrain from ridicule, for this portion
of the buueli-grass region needs no fictitious
aids to crcato a ''liooin."
If any of thu numerous readers of tho I'aii
MKIl should I esolve o prosjiect this country,
they will find that it has not been exaggerated
in tho foregoing. Facilities for filing on land
aro handy, us a branch land ollico has beo'i es
tablished by Messrs. Dwig it x llailevnt Pen
dleton, only twilvo miles distant. Parties
visiting the country with ft view to seitbunent
nro requested to call on Mr. W. W. Civines,
oi mo Uold isprnig ll.tiich, while thow desir
ing particular details to suit individual tastes
should address the undersigned at Helix,
Umatilla county. Oiegou. who will lie haimv
to reply to such totrcsnondciice. With no
object in view other than to promote tlio set
tlement of this Prairie with that desirablo
class of practical farmers who read thu leading
agricultural journal of tho Pacific Coast, tho
writer has endeavored to show ti.o country
just as It is, confident that the mere narration
of positive facts relating to thu fecundity of
its location and surrounding, will settle up
nnd tlevelopo tho resources of tho country
more permanently than if the truth were em
bellished with thu ' high fahitiu'" language of
professional word painters.
A. F. I'AltKKII,
MORE ABOUT GRASSES.
Hon. John Mlnto writes a Valuable Lettor en
this BubjectTlinothy tho best Uay
OrasiMomiUt Alfalfa, and
other OrasicA'XyUd.
Sau:m, Or., Dec. 12, 16S0.
1'ditor Willamette Fnruien ,
I have read with somo enro yotjr article on
grasses in 1.1st weeks F.viiMKlt, ami as tho
theme is one of tho most important to farmers
nnd stock-rnisvJVl ill try to givu what I
know on the subject, though nt tho cost of
reiteration of pietioiisly published views ,;ud
experiences to some extent.
As a single hay grass on suitable land there
is pot yet in cultivation it mora valuable grass
than timothy. It doui well on all kinds oj
soil in locations inclined to dampness, ami on
such locations might hu added to thu grasses
in laying down land for pastures for a courso
of years. , f
On dry uplands such as tho lied hill lands
of tho Willamette, valley, orchard grass ju my
uxpeiienco is much superior to velvet gross
lue-quitu so-called its n hay grass itld 'it uveiy
witynuil in everyplace n better grass than
the latter, except on bud mther toadaiup for
timothy. For seeding and self; propagation
on rough, brushy, ferny hill, aittj mountain
rang, s, and lor the other property it hits, in
addition to ripen, its light and easily
. i - i i... i t :
under a greater degree of rust in inter
than any of' tlio our exotic gr.iwew, Hut, Mr.
I'Mitor, 1 cannot but buliovo theru Is it mis
take committed in calling-this "u(t meadow"
or "v.ilvet" grass, "mrsqiil u." and plueiug
its nativity in tho dry plains of wustviii
Tuxa. and further on 1 will indicate why thu
mistaku may be almost it misfortuiio to tho
grazing iutei esta of this coast. I just heru
havu to say that I hnu sudicd tills vehet
grass pretty cloiely sluco aismt it year agu
spread grazing region iiotls how the range is
lieterinnitlmr without feeling t nt unless nonw
pastuie, plant is found, capable of taking hu.lsl
of that naturally rich soil, nnd niaiiititinln;
iUolf against closo feeding under a bright sun
shine and dry cold atiuo phere, it is only a
question of time when that country and much
fMeto thu Hast and South of it, will liecame
fMPhtwhat wu onco generally though jt t
lie- A hkkkht.
That such n result is many years in tliu
future, I fieely believe, because I feel confi
dent that in all tho dry upland region, extend
ing front Western Kansas to Wostern Oregon
and from middle Texan tli tho llritlsh Amer
ican lino, there nre, amongst thu innum
erable rich and native grasses growing there,
Homo (pcrflftps many) varieties that stouIU
givu thjLancajis to the hand of industry f
icpUflSthJLy'tfhieh givu way beforu closo
feisDsWusiMiner such grasses iitru fmiilsl
aTT'ciiendly disseminated, unit asystem of
dliqxsiug of the grazing lands adapted in snth
quantities and manner as wilhglvu indnce
incuts to grazers in that region to make pvr
mauetit homes, mid llsu their lauds as pei
matieiit nx-atis of livelihood, tho better it will
lie for all interests eouuueted with that coun
try. This articlu lias become extended nasi
yet I liavo not touched upon whst may ho
tloiiu with known groves in Kastcru Oregon.
I may, however, rutlirn to that sutijcct at
some fut tit u time. Jolts Mi.ntii.
rino Stock In Wasco County.
Tli. I'.illo liitsml Killers.
Tho finu stock mentioned by us as on thai
way hither from Kentucky, in chargu of S 'J.
Nuwsomu of 1'iit ville, arrived heru safely
Our expectations of a Ilnu liorso wero realized
In Marshall, the splendid son of tlnuinrlviillcsl
Almont whose famoas'nsiru ot trotters Is as
wide spn oil as that of old llonnlo Scotland
among runners. Ilo is a horse of good sise
and grand proportion. Tho nearest thing to
hliu is MoAlister's Dead Shot, and there u
but little to ehoosti hutween them either iss
it vear iil-Oj I ...
.Mv remarks m, in .rtt -UiliV LAjh-JWi i IJi'llls.''' '" MM bhxM like finish. Sil far oil
eoutiileritbiucurrosoudeiicu.lii tnb sytcsVasta-ipi gui, titt v vapplt, brown lTrl'C5'V.7
of iliu Itocky iiioiiutiius in regitid to it. My TTInindu lioritT pleases us liest, but It Is Ii.m'U
studies lu.ilmu to these resulisi find a prettier bhssl Kty than Marshall, with
. .., ....... r.,va. ..... ,,. .. ivp1.i,v,i, , ,,,,, striutu uign ueet aim inuiiitrnm siripiiowu
or in tno soil is nn ussuuti.il coudltinu for this
grass tluiving well.
.Second, As either a hay or pasture plant,
under tlio most favmahlu conditions, it wilt
scarcely rank its second rate in quality.
Third, On dry soil under a dry atmosphere
it is not even third rn u rutu in any icspect.
Font tli, For making gross on damp or
KUniupy, peat y lands its second only to redtop.
Filth, It is valuabluits a pioneer gnus on
lough ranges having a moist utmospheiu.
lot-tlio puipoau of quickly changing grain
land to pasturo my estimate of iieieiilal rjo
grass accord w ith thu estimate of S. (I. ileed.
It is easy to get ",t catch" and for heavy, rich
heat land is a good glass, and I think rich
in feeding properties. In seeding down such
bind for jiastiiru rju g ass, timothy, nil mid
whi'u clover, narrow leavud plantain rib
grass- ami velvet, might Iki itll mixed !tlr
in I vn it Inge, nml oven oichard grass might In
Id intelligent and good iiatiiird face. lln
over l.t hand, ,'IJ Inches high, rolling nlsjiit
1,1110 K)tihds and possessed of thu greatest
lilierty of action, His brad Is large, like all
thu rest of thu Alnmuts, but clean ami bony,
mid well set upon a long nml muscular, nwek.
His shoulder raktsi liaek like the mas's of u
pilotlsMtt, with the withura of a four-inlW.
I'lio barrel is round and deep, with vast
breathing Miwer, while thu arched loin shown
natiiio's skill in bridge building. Nothlnr
could suriutss Ins driving apparatus, thobroaa
strillo and fiat thigh being well let intoachstii
and durable hock which will never curb.
His fore leg appear light at tho first glance,
but tho second gl.tiieti iiinbx'eives you. It in
bis enormous muscular arm that does it.
Taking him altogether, hu is rtlmut as lunch
horses as ever wu saw wrapped up in the same
expense of hide. Fioin hi still wu passed to
that iH'cupied by tho weanling colt owned liy
Where to Locate.
Anixi'ir., Kansas, Xov. 7, I8S0,
Kditor Willamette Farmeri
lie justly termed as forming a iart of the fam
ous alia Walla Valley, from which, indeed,
it is only divided by the State Iwuiidary line.
Ily referring to a map of the country it will be
seen that the counties of Walla Walla and
Columbia in Washington Territory, ami
Umatilla county in this State are included in
natural boundaries, which comprise tho Itluo
mountains, and the Snike and Columbia riv
ers. The interests of this scope of country
are identical, for the character of the eople,
the soil, climate and product are alike. The
country in question la-ars the same geograph
ical relation to tho Pacific Coast whicli the
Western Iteserve bear to the Atlantic Coast.
and it is to drain the products of this wonder
fully fertile rtgion that theO. It. A: X, Co.
I enclose you onu dollar for your piper,
tho F.VltMKH, which send as long as the dollar
lasts. A I am going to move to Oregon v, ith
my family in thu Spring. I don't wish to send
more money than will lie necessary to pay up
iu inn iimu j it-uve here, as i am going hy
wagon. I went out to Oregon last Spring
and looked over the Willamette Valley, and
believe I would do U-tter thsru than here.
Wheru would be tho best plate to go to, where
no ague or fever prevails, ami wheru fish uiu
plenty and fruit fails not! Would you
recommend South, Xorth, Kast or West ? 1
have a small incumo of $100 per year besides
the labor of myself ami family. Answer in
paper. Yours truly,
Wat 1 AM I.ISTON.
Tho foregoing is pretty fully answered by
tie description of the Willamette Valley we
published last week. When Mr. Linton arrives
here we shall lie glad to furnish any informa
tion possible to serve his purpose. Here isa
man who has W-en hero to look for himself
and likes the country well enough to bring
Ins family. With the income he speaks of he
ought to succeed well if they are good work,
em. !col laud can be bought in any direc
tion, and a little care will secure a good bar-
Xear tho
added, but on high, dry land orchard grass .WMsome. tliu only son of IJmrgu Wilkes on
this coast Ilo la wiry yiiungstest ami may
vet asbmisli the native, Tliu union of thu
llamhletoniau and American Star blood in his
sire, produced a record '.V.'O in hai lies and ''iV.'t
to wagon. Xitwsouin bus certainly otitdouu
himself, as well as a'l other iuiiortcrs, in tlio
mutter of jacks, onu of which hit sold to
Minions lluigess, of Itakenven, mi private
terms within twelve hours after Ids arrival 'at
this place, Tho balance of the stock cru
driven out homu on Thursday loxj ami uru
now thoroughly domesticated in their Or.gou
home.
are expending so many million of dollars in j of this soon,
gam
have trout. We published last week, or will
this, an article on flsh and game. The big
Salmon are in tho larger streams; Klk ure in
the mountains and deer in tho hills and tim
ber. Pheasants, grouse and quail are the
game bird of our country. Fruit does well
in all sections, but we shall treat more fully
should havu the tiral plicu in tue mixture.
In regard to alfalfa or luceuio on the dry
hill lands or damp clay laud, of this valley, I
havu never seen it succeed, hut on the rich
nluviinns of the Willamette liter I havu had
it grow us high us my head. On such soils it
would hu a bettu soiling crop than clover
even and 1 have no doubt nu a go l clop lor
itoirymeii on thu lower Willamvttu and Col
umbia river alluviums. It i tho only plant
that our Agricultural Collcgu Uacliets have
found to keep green through our Summer
season, keeping as gieuu at iiiiil-Siiiumer as it
1 in May, "In good rich loam it grows live
feet high mid it will stand several mow lugs
during one season, Thu fodder is of gisul
quality for stock," S.i says II, I. Hawthorne
Hi hi report to Piewiileiit Arnold, Jseo lip !,
Uieiuiial Report of Statu Agricultural Ctdcge,
Ih-SO.) Mr, Hitwthoiliu goes on to ray t
"Provision is madu for uxtcmdio experiment
with grasses dining thu next year." For
which, if they uru thoroughly madu ami thu
lesults extensively published thu farmers of
Western Oregon will huve eauso tp( thank
thu faculty of tlio College. v
Hut, Mr. lalitor, wh) has this burnt iui'siiC
tint subject nut been taken up by every Statu
itgt icuuurai uoiiego; w ny is it necessary, so
long alter tin u institutions were so liberal)'
provided for by it munificent government
to have practical faruieis call on each other
for information in relation to tho nature and
quality of grussis, us your corresjioiideuts
have done relativu to tlio "soft meadow velvet
grasses" of the F.iiglaudv, old and new, or
wild "mesoiiito grass" of Texas, whichever
it may lie; In view of tho importance of the
interests which a supply 11 grass underlies, I
venture thu Hiiggtiatiou that tho agricultural
pres of tho country West of thu Ohio river
join in a demand on the Commissioner of
Agriculture, that,
First. He nut himself into nllicial communi
cation with tliu Agricultural Colleges askiig
them to take up the subject oi thorough ex
perimental test of all thu known varieties of
valusble grasses.
Second. That he send wide-awake, reliable
agents out into the South, West and Xorth to
collect what are ki.owu to frontier settlers
anil herdsmen as the liest native grasses of
that extended country, Place the seeds of
these also into the earn of the Agricultural
drain Growing tn Baker County.
Ihtker county contains Powder liver valley,
quite elevated and fronty, but good fur
stock hi Winter and can aUogroiv vegetablrf
and crH'ajfvjvin ami lire u mined lo, at
least so thinks the Kditor of thu llakt-r City
tfttyiijtf, MJjiipg iutriests take thu lend III
tluU'uiint)v, but thcMMitorof that paH-rsayi
Our JuerchanU tell lis that Inorti than half
sd thoNldur consumed by, (ho inhabitant of
llakiT county is manufactured hi UrailJ Hondo
valley. They tell us that many of our farmers,
inntiadof ullihg wheat, actually biiv Hour
manufactured in that Valley, Xow all this is
gol for our (Issinl Ki-iiml lieigldstrs, but
ratlnr liuid for itaker cotlnty. From data
whicli wu havu gatheied wu uru ot tho opinion
that linker cotuity jutys to Union county not
less than fi(J,(JliO ier annum for wheat and
Hour alone: while wo sell them nothing or
next to nothing. Thu balances of trade is
ugainst us, and is iinMiverishring us and in.
riching our neighbor. From fact wliicli wu
havu derived from Mr. Chandicr theru is real
ly no necessity for this Statu of thing what
ever. Ho says that our farnrs should sow
their wheat in thu Fall of thye.tr, and not
in the Spring a L the custom. Hu says that
wheat sown in thu Spring is not near as uood
us that sown in tho Full; -wo mean that tho
mountains all the streams Colleges for experimental test and tndesigiiate
the most valuable. Had some such organized
means lieen adopted a dozen years ago uml
resulted in the discovery of a grass of a
running and spreading character such as the
"running mosquito" of the dry, Texuu plains
is claimed to be, vie might reasonably look
at the paiiing away of the bunch gross of
1-asicrn Oregon, vvasiungiou, iiiauo aim
Montana, without apprehension perhaps. As
it is, no nun, who has an interest in that vvidt-
berry is not a full ami good, uml that it does
not produce as good Hour besides, it i not
hear a productive. Hu is of thu opinion tln.t.
fl our farmers woul I sow their wheat in thu
Fall, they would raise enough for homo eon.
siimption; mid thus all the money sent to
Oraml Hondo valley by oureitieiis, fir win at
am) Hour, would 1st kept at homo and cirtu
latu among our own citizen. He says, also,
that thu flour manufactured from Full sown
win at of llakcr county is much Utter than
that manufactured from wheat raised in (iranilu
Hound valley, claiming that theru is a mili
eu! difference in the natuiu of the vv heat rliatil
in tho low counties, that dilleieucu being in
in favor ot w heat luitcd in llakercouiity. Wo
truit our farmer will weigh there facts well
'imt act accordingly.
I
It