Willamette farmer., December 17, 1880, Page 4, Image 4

Issued titrj Weak by tha
WnXAHfTTTR FAHHFTt ITBLIsimG CO.
TERMS OK HUIISCIUIT10X!
Mf(f, (portage pulill, In ailrauca J.M
UTmoiitht. ()KMUr pnlil), In aaanca i.jj
Me than (II bmmiUk will bo, r month jj
,, AuVKKTISWO JUTES I
Asrertlemcnla will bo Inserted, rrotWlne they u
easswouble.atlh following table of ral:
OiMlncj.of if tnoiuh ...,.,., i 8.M
matachMnf apace per month., ,,,,, 6.00
itlialf Mlumn per month , is.oo
It mlumn Kr monUi , SOW)
4UVmp coplw tent lit on application.
Addross all letters li
S. A. CLAItKK, Manager.
sWEntcrftl In post offish at rortlund, Oregon, and
WMlilnifton, I). C, u Tjh-J class mall matter.
H0H3E3 FOR DKATT.
"Mr. Jerry Lucky, n Jano county farmer, in
silao a Wnsco futility stock-growi r, nml has n
riuicli near Piinusiillc, in liudcrn Oregon, nt
tlio hn.nl waters of the DckcIiiiUh river. )Iu
osproascjs surprise nt tliu grc.it advancement
tuila in our .St.tto during thu past eight years
Ju tlio breeding of heavy Work lumen nml lie
in well i'tteil on stock matters. Hilling tli.it
eight yeant tlio horse men of this valley li.ivo
wwii H. (i. Reeds' true Clydesdale stallions
liro light lieiu fiom .Scotl.iinl, nml Washington
county Im IiikI tliu benefit of their presence.
iV, 0. Myer, of .Inekson county, has favmed
tlio upiur counties ly bringing from tliu .South
W Magnificent i'erclieion hortcit, White
J'n'nco, (leiiernl Klenry, nml I'riile of Perch,
which weiu iiuMirteil from 1'inneui ami
Orioxjion nmt I'ugh went luck l'i tliu valley of
tbuClydu nml luiiiight lieiu Merry Miuninniul
lloli Hoy. Tliemi weio nil clioieu minimis of
their race, nmt na if to cap tlio climax, Major
Jlmco bought his gin'ml xt.it lion, (lien Khl, lit
Philadelphia wheroitwu oiio of tliu priu
winners at tliuLVuteiiiii.il.
Mr. I.ueky has in IIicoii'h stable in thin
city, waiting tr.!iixKrLitimi to Kastcin (lie
gust, a grand luirwi liu purcli.uieil of Mr. A.
JloJgfl, of (.citation, I. inn county, for J. II.
liUfollut nml his mm, friend of tliu I'.Mimkii
uer in Ochocn Valley. Mr. l,ofiillet liait Ihtii
breeding Norman I, own for jcarH past nml
lias now n film lot of Mali broil woik ninrcH
ami Mr. I.ueky lim nclec-trd for liim lllack
Prince, of Knglish Draft stink, wiight l,7."0
pitllids unit luight 111 hand, .'I inches, Ill.uk
Piiuou In n ilnrk brown in color, lung Imdieil,
well tiirneil heinl nml neck- not tint la i go
nad hi franiu work in iitoiit eiiimgli to liolil up
tbn teuiplu Sampson toru down. Ilia legs
look lika tliu pill.ini of llvrculcri on oh I .Spin,
hm dollar mul nro ns shnggy fiom tliu kuecM
iowuni n Iw.ir. Hi) inn iiiignilicciit tqiuui.
iiicji ofnlil lliitiali draft ntock nml liia progeny
ia I.Iiiii county aineo H"iH sja'ak lila Ineeiliug
qualities. This liorno was iuipmtcd to Cali
fornia from I jigl uel in Ib'.'l ly D.uid l.uau
juiiI was Imiuglit to Oregon liy Mr. A, Dodge,
V IiiI.4uiii, III IH7H, ... ho ha made tlnvu
seasons in I.inn county.
Wo coulil extend our account of yiand
draft at-illioua imli llniti ly, for titer nru litany,
auuli h IMiiioiiUiiu, Ituiluioud, mid iiiiny
utlient Mini own atallioua of heavy illiift ill
Uiia T.illoy, nml during thu put aeaaou wo
hum n corded the mtival of many limt-clauM
work HUllmna, many of whom went up tlio
liver for lvitcin Oiegoiinml W.inhiiigtoii, hut
wu nninnji fuw to illimtrjlo iir impioveiiii'iit.
In addition In tin mi largo hreeila our Statu
liia Tery many Htallioua ilaieil na "hoii.eH of
all work," nml "ii.nlatera," that pnalueon
liana of atoek neeiliil for unlinary fiiiniingiiud
id work, that couiu up to thu hint ipialillea.
tloiuknoHnfortli.it purpose. Of iimi rau our
lriHillug nnrca that now couiu on tlio atagu
ahuyr tlio eireet of No, I aura nml wo ahall
rank higher than ever in homo hrecding na n
Mt-ito from heueefortli. Hunch graaa rangei,
liant of thu liioiihtaiin.pliHlneii lioraea without
u ilullara' ciwt from tlio day they mu foaled
until they are leady to hieak, nml hetter
Imiihiw never grew than tlua huuvli gr.ua
country uinkea.
Within n few yenin it linala'di found that her
nial mo in n uieaium natural to thuliunoli gi.ua
country mid Iheiu are now many peraoiu who
own lai-go liainla of horaia mid make n apeeial
tr thu liuaiueaa, Tlio liorno luu.illy wiutera
well, even if ho liai iH'eaaioually to paw wny
tin) Know to get lit tin) iliy grnaa, vtliii'h (una
when it iluea mul preneiicri ila luitiitioni
tpitlitieanll winter, n fact uoU'liuw true only
of lllia wuicty of native gniaa, Iviateili liiilau
men are eoiutantly liiiiigingi;(H.Ut.illioiiainto
the Willamette Valley, which ia the hreiding
gioiiml for grnnl utiK'k of tho whole Coliini
hiau legion, or they aioiiiihirtlng them iliiect
fiom Cilifoiniat this iinmcj ute.idy iin
piovi'incut in tho piiatiu'e, which in many
niaoa laiiuiiieuceil with Indian inaica, or half
luecil lilliea.
VALUE Of 1IEAVCR DAM LAND.
lla crlon ia situated on the Wc4 Side
railroad, a few miles from Cortland, on tho
i-dgo of Washington county, and deriici ita
II.UUO fnun IliO acr.w of ucli Uittoni laud
c.lilM'il by thu l.llaira of the laviverill p.iat
agM. Some of tlua land la in good cultivation
.mil nil of it has been well drained at great
itipcuac, and its ciuient i.ilue i $'.X) nn ncro.
Mr. Tucker, of Ileal ci tun, nn old aubacuber,
iluiing n lmiuca call gno us valuable in
formation of hu kiuvcM in cultivating this
laud, of which hu owns ten acre", and na theio
ja audi laud tu Ui found in eury direction in
this valley, tha lama w ill li unful to tluwo
foitunato in Uing itsuwuera, mint of whom
merely utilize it for p.-utunigo without trying
tu drain nud cultivate it. I.iko l.ibi.h, near
Xilcm, mint have oxer a thoua.ind nciva of
cu land in ono Uvly, merely a twaiup in
which cattle feed and brow v on tho swamp
grow tli of hushes.
Mr. Tucker nays ho haa cut four ton of hay
to tho nere on this gnu, but it is tin) rank to
Iki of lirat ijuality, mid atock do not rvliah it
na well as gnus grown nu other and iliyor, in
well iu leas fcitilo laud, and it sill for about
ii.OO a toil lce price than guoU tinistliy hay,
Ho haa harveateil fl.1 Imshcls of oats to tho
nere; thu present year ho gruw onions which
yielded nt the rate of nt least 400 bushels to
the acre, mid ho sold them nt 81.00 ft bushel
on tho ground, nud found ho could hau had
tlireo cents n pound in Portland, a few miles
off. liu realied 8100 nu ncro nml is well
satisfied, Ho says he ono year sold n crop of
enhbago from this land nt one cent n pound,
when enhhago una n failure in California nml
realized $1.0 nn ncro from them. Carrots
(common yellow) will nveragu twenty tons lo
the ncrc, nml so will bceti nud sell for $10 n
ton in tho city, which leaves Icii rail mad
freight, i'HX) nn nere. 1'otntocs grow too
rank to laj of good ijuality, but yield remark-
nl ly.
.Suit nppcars that beaver land has cry
great value, ami will pay for lieing wc
drained nml put in best possible cultivation.
Mr. Tucker says onions grown on it nro of
great excellence, but hu thinks that nil other
crops hnvo mora water in them than when
grown on high land. Coin finds tho soil too
cold and doca not prosper. Tho laud ii luoro
valuable for being near Portland, but when
land is so productive it will not only pay for
clearing but thu products will bear transpor
tation to market ipiitu n distance.
nURMNO MOUNTAINS.
Wuiead iu thu iaers of our mountains
smoking, laitli ns to Mt. 1 local, this Vnlley,
and Mt. McLaughlin, Southern Oregon, nud
pouiu doubt ia utprcsicd its to ita being smoko
or mist that is visible. Wo have twieu seen
smoko from Mt. Hood, nml each timu it could
not lw mistaken. Wu hnvo nlso seen times
when others thought tho mountain was smok
ing whin wu knew it to laj mista rising from
tliu canyons that surround it. Sinoku Is an
luik und black that it is not easy to mistake
it, while mints or clouds mu of lightcrhuu nml
cannot deceive anyone who has oucii i-ceii thu
mountain really pour out smoke. Hood occa
sionally semis smoke fiom nu old crater about
one-third from thu summit, on thu .Southwest
sidu, mid a:rsona who have ascended thu
mountain iufoiui us that nt this place tliu hent
of the lochs in the crater is ierccptiblc, nml
thntiisiilpliurousuJth il.itiou ia icrccivcd theie.
When voiiii ting ou tamoku thu cloud sent foi th
seems to issue from this place, nmt when we
bale seen it, has lasted only nitwit two hours.
SCHOOL SYSTEM OP OitEfJOH.
Wu intended in this iasuu to fin nih pirticu
lain of our public scIiihiIs, tliu nutouut of Statu
leveuiiuiiiiiiunlly iimiI for that puiKio, etu.,
hut our siaee will not hold out. Wo shall
aoou compile all tliu facta of iiiiH)rtaueo con
tained iu the reiit of Hon. I,. ,1. Powell,
Slate SiiMMilitcnilclit of l'iihlii.f Instnictiou,
which giiea a gratifying nccoiiiit of collegea
nml iicaileniiea thliiugli thu State nml slum's
the progti-sa making iu our common school
system. Aliendy cities like I'm Hand, Salem
mid others have public school of gtent excel
lence the year lotiml, Including high schools,
nmlmu flee to nil, nml thu school law- ia fnim
1 Ui insuni piiblio initriictioii iu every nook
and coiner ot tho Stnle. 'I'lio eino.moi m III
Hud tliu IhsioIu lieiKiillVit to thu lnilHrtaiuo.,f
iiiiiuiiiou, iimi wo miHieatiy suggest that n
coiiiuiiinity that can upiurt nn ngiieultural
journal tike the Wiimmkttk rVunmt, which
his warm friemla nml couat.int iciiilcrs in nil
the wide legion from lliitiali Columbia to
California mul fioui thu Koeky Mouutnins to
the iK'ean, does not l.uk cutiipiisu nmt intel
ligence. Incident to our Climate.
On thnnksgiiiiigday Hon. f. W. Cao of
thiaiity had uhiii Ida tnblu something which
but iery few jHople, in nny iortion of America
nt least, can laiast of. It was nothing leaa
than green corn, flesh nml niic, gathcrctl from
tho com pitch iu his own garden.
Mr. I. II. Ilagley, of Kn.ippa, had lipo
llirtlett H'am, the second crop from tho same
tree this year, nmt them nre bloaaoiua now
iilHiu the tree for the third crop iu IhM).
I'p in I'olk county, nt l.itncolu, gicvn K-an
weiu seiied, fivah from the vines iu the gar
den of Mr. Duncan, mid hlackU'rHe nud
stniwlieiiica wcie Kickisl,
Putting this nud that together, reminded na
iiiuirii oi llin regions of
i inter
beyond tl
ItiK'kiea -can any
My,
he wmuleia
iinay una iie.iimiui nay, up or Mown aa
.. . , , . .i . , -
hu
ni.ij, iii.ii no u miner not wiy iu uiegou -on
aicoiint of thu i Innate Aatoii.in.
COMMUNICATIONS.
Wo have on hand a good number of lain.
coiumiiuicntiiius which at e ciowded out this
week and will appear next. Wo thank con
tributoia for their kiiidneaa, nml will give nil
a hearing soon,
DIED.
At Camp I'olk, Wasco county, Oregon, on
Nmi-iulH-r'.ll, ISM), of 'emigration of theluiiin,
Nellie 11., youiigeat ilaughter of It, P. nml
111111110 J. Cl.iyp.Kil, nged 'J jiiim, II mouths
and 1 1 days. Alluny pukih pl,Mo copy.
LANDS SUKVEVED AND OCCUPIED.
The follow tug table ia made up from state
ment kindly nude by the ltegi.ter of the I'.
S. Und Olhco at Oregon City, llou. ILiiin,
and by W. T. Ik-nj.iuuu, I-m , Itegiaterof the
U. S. I.auil Ollicu nt Itoaebui-gi
AISM.
roiMita,
IVntoii.
CUiAatnaa
I'Utaoll.
(VllllllbU.
IkillLl
Uno
Utltl . .
lrlu
ktultnoiiuh
I'olk
HIUin.v.l.
Wa.liltuldii,
.iiau. .
retlArn..iurifjMfiiiurtj'ilottlJ
l,llr,i
,!
ll10,lkMU.,Ull
ltO.OHlUl.l.lklll
P.M.IWl
.V.S.Will
llll,Ul
SuT.um
tvD,et
I, Mi. un
SIVmllOne
iv.ivuilli.itm
Sk,ll
3,710,i
l,s.vut uki,itai
S.MJ.IKV
1,1W.IHI
;&u,ui
S?it,ll
I,1V,111'
t,Ii,ti
ns,ikt)
euoatt)
44.Ukl
fttt.UM
liil.en)
.kU.llll
MtS.lltl
U7.tt
ISs.Utl
i,it
IU.IH)
vTi),eit)
1 10,11 l
1IVW
Ul.iXti
III.H"
l.oii.iu'
Nll.lttl
ISJ.IXV
i'),nti
jr.tv
IVl,IW
l,Ul
I'v-eble Ladles.
Those languid, tlrcomo seinatiotii, raining
)ou to fret scarcely able ti Ik on your feet;
that constant iliaiu that is taking from lour
s)ateui nil ita cl.utuityi iliiimg the bloom
from your checks; that continual atraiu upon
sour lital forces, rcndciing jou itrit.iblo and
fretful, can e.vily be n itios cd by the uta of
that man clous tenuity, Mop llittcis, Irrcgu.
laiitict nud obstructions of )our sistvui me
rclieicd at once, while the spiviaf cause of
pcriialic.il (vim is iHrniantly rcmovixl, Will
j on heed thi!--Cincinnati S.it unlay Night
Van SnK Ciuvrnv. Wholeaale and lie
tail Priuvnta. ToUhIo. Ohio. Mvat We haio
old targe ipi.mtitica of the IliccUior Kidney
I ad and liaie Ikcii aurnruisl at the unv.irv.
iug .ittfaction givcu by them.
WILLAMETTE FARMER: PORTLAND, OREGON, DECEMBER 17, 1880.
MAP OF WESTERN OREGON AND WASHINGTON.
Xr VANCOUVER
CLAL LkA M X I V A
- --4 " 3M ( ) ( )J
11 ' f rOKT.MsDISBNAiA r i M . k
f J Sf '"VV-BTILACOnM"! H
' ' J J Vl " T' i NjPUAUOP
OYSTCIt Vila ' 'fj. CWtHALI I.1' if U " A " r"
))V WINt-OCK.fp
P . ,, , J-L, i
Clatsop S & V 3A"!SE
K' SIIHCLCNWWIS P-
I "'" II a ft
J SCAPOOSEtUt -4
I ffrNwiLtn V At VvV .aA F.
( yjy .v.?-.-'. Ry-sp5s,,""tasNo ;
I M Y,MMI11- j ,-1 (u V I
) Y A M H I L LyW'Xi,... W "':Ml'", S
S ( V "f'7 C L AMJKAMASl g
o """ .iJ X V V u
f fk W (vn':Sv
siLCTsnfv pouKi vr'ltM r r-- . 3
"1 iff lS iHitKHOiUVf YHaaiai , ' 0 to
3 III "N MoaMoma , J J, L "M
. erCUtWIATHIt N nurwvtsuiy..-
5 I TtZ 7f xe'
BENTON ,IX CCi N tf.
MHSI.(, h'
itr' c'
kvxn vL V
( D Osj U G L A SN
(( ""nX JOSEPHINE .
OAI.U'OKKIA.
EXPLANATIONS.
llrpreii'iilt (). A O. It. II. ami tmiK-liM, from Portland South to lioacliurf.
......... II, orcfiit. Ilia X. I'. It. II., from KaUinaou lli l4iiinl.U rhi'r, North toTaconu on Pujtt SounJ,
and tlio hijallup Imiili.
Hf lri'enlt OnvonUii l.alluaj- Co. ' Sarro lUu.'o rivi.l, villi branches on botli llJul ol tin Mil-
Uiuctli) alley.
Tliu rtii;raicri liais oiiilititl (nmi the nun ih nirrott inuet truich to Sheridan, Taiulilll County; alio tho
O. A C li. It. l.' luramli Inau Alluti) to U'Uii.in. In IJnii Count).
Tin lino from tlio moulh ol (VlumliU riicr, South,
IlioriatUr l rtiiiliiilitl that tho Columbia rlicr eonttltutts llioillililoii lino batairn, Oreiron anj Washliiir
ton Tirrltory.
Tho oiEmrr haa mule tome iiilitaV In hIIIiij roKr namva, ahlili aro not accounUt.lo (or, anil has
omltlnl aouio I'roinlntut polnta that ha was lulniclitl to mine.
THK lVKiFK' XOIMinVKST.
DKSCKIPTION Or TUB ORBAT
COLUMDIAN REGION.
Particulars as to Cllmnto, SU, Pro.
ilucts. Resources, Statistics, with
Facts and Incidents Con-
corning; Oregon null
Wnshlnton.
WESTKItV PUEUON AMI MMSIIINOTOV.
Wepresiut our renders this week with A
ni-ip of Western Oregon and Washington to
illustrate the description of the several conn
ties which follows. This map ia lioundixl on
the Kait by the givat Ciscade range of moun
tain which runs North nud South ami
divides the country into what is known as
tho Hastcni and Western regions. While
thtro nre a few tuse discovered through
the rugged Ciucado niaiintauu over which
iwids or trails haio Wen made, tho
great bulk of travel is by way of the Columbia
river, which cuts its way through tho range.
Wcatiru Oregon and Washington have very
liKUcatta tlio ocean atrainlili'a route to San PraucUco,
similar climate, humid ar.d not often ilis
turW by extremes of heat and cold, ns tho
direct inlliicnccj of the sea air, heated by
warm ocean currents, preserves the humidity
tho year round, and regulates tho tempera
ture. Wo can readily illustrate the character
of our Winter climate by the past two weeks.
December came in with what for this country
was unusual cold, This cold was more in
tense l!at of the Mountains, and suddenly
navigation closed there. Tho ice that came
down from nboie gorged the Columbia lielow
the Willamette, and matters looked serious.
This lasted a week or to nud as suddenly tho
weather eluingiil to warm rains from tho
.South. What Kostern Oregon people call tlio
"Chinook wind" came up the river and swept
oil" the frosts. Suddenly again the rain iu the
lower Willamette valley changed to snow,
which fell to the depth of S or 10 inches, and
ext?udiil Mist of the .Mountains far and near.
Now tho snow is all gone. Warm w inds and
rains have taken it all aw av, and the ntmo.
phcro is so tropical that Wiuter flannel are
uncomfortable. At the head of the Willam
ette valley and over iu lkuplas comity they
had neither rain or snow, while snow fell
here. I-t night we sat and wrote all the
evening w itnout any tire, ami it is very pos
sible, while there may be cold rains at times,
that wo ahall have no sharp frosty weather
from this until Spring. It is often tho case
that our farmers lind January and rebruary
good seasons to put in grain. t
In addition to publishing n maj) "', n"
Western Oregon ami Washington wo hnvo
gathered from tho government land olliccs nt
Vnncouvcr, Oregon City and Kosebunt. and
tho ollieo of tho Surveyor (lencral of Oregon
here, statements from which wo compile
tablo showing tho superficial area of land in
each county, the amount that has been sur
veyed, nmoiiut not surveyed, ami how much
hai been settled. These figures will bo sun
pllnicntcd with statement of lands in each
county held by grants from government,
such ns lands i-muted railroads and wagon
roads, lands awarded to the State und terri
tory for educational and other uses, so that
wo can present n lair idea of tho laud in each
county nvallablo for further settlement.
During the past week wo have visited
A.lni . nf.Miiiri, Information cnncernitUT tllO
counties down the Columbia riicr,so as to bo
able to describe them withsutlicieut accuracy.
Whilo wo present many statistics in tabular
form, which is n great saving of space, wc
nlso sketch uich county in n manner ns graphic
as can be dnno in n few wonli, to give n gen
eral idea of its location nml advantages, lay of
country and character of soil nmt products,
nml such features of interest ns will advantage
tho general reader nml tho intending im
migrant. CLATStir COP.STV
Lies in tho Xorthwcit corner of tho State,
South of tho cntrauco of the Columbia river.
A sandy peninsula nbout ten miles long and
ono to thno miles wide, lies between Young's
lhy nud the ocean, nud reaches to the South
sido of tho river entrance. Tills land consists
of sandy beaches thrown up by tides through
past centuriesj the soil Is light mid excellent
for pasturago nud some kinds of grain (not
wheat) and vegetables. Sheep in considerable
numbers, ns well ns cattle nml horses nro kept
here, and dairying forms a leading industry;
there nro five cheese factories on Clatsop
plains. Owing to tho fact that theso "plains"
were acccusnblo from Astoria nud easily
tilled, they were occupied by the very cmlleit
settlers nml have been long cultivated. Apart
from this small xirtion of thu county, tho
general character of laud is hilly, nud even
mountainous in portions, nud often heavily
wooded. Young's Hay extends South from
thu main harbor and is West and South of
Astoria; into this bay put several streams,
Young's ri i er, Claskauino river, nud I,owis
and Clarke's river nttho mouth of which, on
Clntiop plains, they Wintered in lbOI. These
streams nil head up tnwards.S.iihllu Mountain,
n striking fc.vuro of the Columbia river land,
scapu tn thu South, which ia part of n range
of lulls that divide the Xehilcm river from
thctu streams, mid Col. .Tames Tn lor, one of
tho oldest rcsiilcnta of that country, lulorins
lis that n vnlley of I'.' to 13 miles wide by t!0
to '.'. miles long, is made by theso streams,
with low wooded plat mix between, nil of
which is rich roil mid well nil iptcd, when
cleared, to nil varieties of cereals, fruits nud
vegetables. Thu low- lands nro generally
coiered with aider mid vino maple, but nro of
the richest aoil; the uplands have occasional
springs, nml nru oft in heavily wooded with
lir nud spruco thnt will some timu command
value. All this region is unexcelled for cnt
tin mid dairying nml Is but sparsely occupied.
To thu South of Suldle Mountain comes in
tho great Nehalcm river, which heads not
very fnr from ita mouth, circles tor 'JOO miles
and oircrs n beautiful valley on tho main
stream and its branches that is certain ono day
tn become densely populated nml immensely
productive. Along the Columbia nbovo As
tori.i wo come to .loliu Day's liver, which has
a beautiful and well settled valley back, that
makes no show- on thu main river; almvo nro
occasional dealings until wu reach Knnppa,
back of w hich is unite n settlement, located
oil table lauds nml ferlilo prairies nud nloug
Knappa creek. Another good settlement is
luck of Westport, which ia near tho Knstcrn
county line. While this covets the Northern
face of the county, which is only partially
settled, back of it lies tho rich and extensive
Nclialeui vnlley and tho bench lands adjoining
it, all of w hich, nearly, is vacant laud. A
great part of Clatsop county has never yet
been surveyed, and in the future tho greater
portion ol It wiuiH'couie valuaiilefarniluulanil.
Col. Tnlentt. of the laininccr Service If. S.
A., was employed to run a preliminary line to
see how a railroad could bo located, and he
asserts th.V tho uplands between the Nehaleni
riicrnni' i, osinngtoii county constitute an
cxtcniivo region of timbcicd upland lying
favorably mul of great fertility. This region
has never been surveyed. Col. Taylor repre
sents that tho appearance of the shores of tho
Columbia is no indications of tho lands back,
as all tho way, on Imtli sides tliu river, when
liack from tlucu to live miles tho land becomes
more level and suitable for settlement, w hich
is no doubt tho ease, Tho tides rise in the
rivers putting into oung s Hay, and consti
tnt a l.irjo nrea of tide lands iinon those.
streams, nud givo excellent rango for cattlo
nil tn year roumi, llicse tide lands can bo
easily dyked and made nvailahlo for profitablo
cultivation. Of courso all parts of Clatsop
county are well watered. Around Saddle
Mountain and tho he id of tho streams running
North from it, excellent coal has been found,
and the deposit is so treat that the future of
the county inu.t dovctopo much wealth from
this source.
ASTOHIA,
Standing on a point of laud that reaches
out into the wide stream, Astoria presents a
picturesque view. Here was the first cstab.
liihment f the American Pur Company, and
tho relies of tlieir buildings ami works were to
lj seen not long since. Tho business homes,
hotels, whirves and warehouses nre all built
out over tho water. As a point of supply for
tlio mills, iLhcrics, shippiugaud trado ot tho
lower Columbia, the tow u must grow steadily
and the development of tho country around it
will aid that growth. There is an extensile
rcirion dependent on it that will cm lnilk. till
up and biconie productive, but as yet tho
nun ot immigration is for an open country
where the plow can be put to work at once;
but when all is said, it must lu inmn.iii tin
rich and incxhaustable lands that aro so near
market cannot long bo overlooked. The
.States of New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania
had to bo in great part redeemed from ut
such a wilderness, mid the whole region of the
Iw er Columbia offers greater nilvan.ia n.
day than the groat States at tho East did,
even half a century ago.
.ii aioug Hie snores of the tower river tho
traveller is frequently in sight of iiherics and
canneries, or uw.iniiU. These are the visible
industries and though they are of great im.
l-jn.iocc nun prouuee minions they do not
matenally concern us. utm m ,i. ;.!.;
the agricultural resources of the couutry, and
the development that is possible from that
standpoint. But the agriculture of this region
mutt always find n market fnr it nml.i i,v
supplying those hereaftertobeengaged intheso
occupation and in the coal mines tliat are
certain to bo dei eloped and require many
TILLAU0OK COCVtV.
South of ClaUop, along the coast, is Tilla.
mook Hay, into which several streams enter
and form a country that is i.o!ated but very
attractive to its people Thero nro olho
bays and steams in Tillamook county, but M
tlio outlet across tho Coast mountains is diffi.
cult this region is naturally tributary to ho
Columbia river. Sloops go around nml mk
their way to Portland with cholco butter sod
other podticti. Cattlo and sheep do well
there, nml the county possesses great ndvn.
tages for settlement, which will increase- as
facilities improve Tho country is generally
i uiigli, with some open t caches, nnd shares tho
description wo have given of Clatsop. The
coast region is nil fnvoinblo for stock nml
dairy interests, nnd ns tlio country fills upand
cities grow and creato demand, dairying must
become a more permanent occupation. As it
is, we do not supply our homo market reliably
with good dairy products.
CUI.UMntACOtWTY.
This county lies Kast of Clatsop nnd has a
value that wo appreciate better tho more wo un
derstand it. Tito Klasknnlo comes in hero and
good farming is found on its shores. Along
tho Western border thero nro small valleys
and settlements on them, nnd quito n settle
ment is located nt Oak Point. Tho streams
which put into tho Columbia river along this
county aro small, for they riso in a rantjo of
high hills that divido it from tho Xclmlcm
riicr, which is only eight to fourteen miles
distant. Wo should bo glad to do better jus
tice to this county than is pusslblo, and we
must confess to having gained a great respect
for it from facts wc gather and ncquaintinco
w ith its people. Our subscription list over at
Rivet side, on tho Nehalcm, shows vq hare
many friends thero, nnd from them wo have
gained n high appreciation of tho Xohalcm
country. Mnny of these nro Scandinavians,
and it is Interesting to nntico that these peo
ple seldom locato in prairie countries, but pre.
fer hilly regions, whero rich soil is accompa
nied by good water and timber. It is harder
work, of course, to mako n homu m such a
sountry, but when made it holds tho hearts of
settlors and their children. At tho present
time tho chief settlements on tho Nehnlomaro
located in Columbia county. Tlio ru-h for
more open lands carries peoplo far up tho
Columbia, nway from timber nnd wntcr n griat
distance in many case, and whore products
have to bo sold cheap became the cost of trans,
portation is necoisarily great, though that
dilllciilty may bo expected todocrcaso in time.
To-day, wo belicvo tho Nehalcm valloy oilers
as irrcat opportunities ns nny pari oi urcgon
for the hardy settler not afraid to work. Tho
anly
i will
man who will carrv a littlo money thero to
assist clearing can soon open a faun nnd havo
products for sale rronaniy goon roans ar
not vet made to the Columbia river, but if the
country was nil made mul finished thero would
not bo tho same opportunities that mu to bo
had nmv for excellent locations. Tho fact
that strikes us ns significant is, our land tablo
shows that four-fifths of tho county has bun
surveyed, nnd iu this connection wu may as
well explain that surveys In Western Oregon
havo nearly ceased because remaining lauds,
though much of them fit for settlement, nre
hilly nnd wooded, white tho moro open lands
Kast of tho Mountains are easier to run sur
vey lines over nnd much more profitablo to
tho (tirvcyor. Tho policy of thoso who hao
surveying contracts is to locato them on lands
that can Im easiest surveyed, so Western Ore
gou lands remain neglected. If Columbia has
been fotir.fifthssurvcycd, it has been became
tho lauds nro fit for settlement nnd lie so fa
vornbly that surveyors could mako good wages
running their lines. Along tho Kast side of
tho county is somo rich lmttom land with good
farms nnd thick settlement. Hut theso aro so
near Portland, nnd therefore so valuable, that
they were claimed at nn early day.
Mfl.TNOMAII COUNTV.
Tills county occupies n narrow- strip of I.inl
cxtciididg from Columbia county nlong the
South sidu of tho Columbia river tn tho sum
mit of tho Cisc-ulo Itnnge, and has a great
deal of liottom land that is subject to periodi
cal ovcrllow, but very valuablo for hv, grass
and vegetables. According to our laud tablo
thero is still -'.'1,000 acres of surveyed land iu
tho county unsettled, nud two-fifths of tho
land is unsurveyed yet. Of course, nil avail
able lands in this county possess great vain
from their vicinity to tho navigable waters of
the Columbia nml became of their nearness to
tho city of Portland, tha groat Metropolis and
commercial center of tho wholo North Pacific,
which ia in this county. Tho unsurveyed
land, of course lies in thn foot hills and moun
tains of tho Cascade Range Wo can illus
trate the ability of settlers to find locitions of
good lands convenient to market by showing
that oven iu this county, which has the great
est city of tlio North Pacific iu iti bounds, the
richest of land is to bo had for tho taking.
Heyond Sandy river, to tho I.ast, the county
is comparatively undeveloped, so the Oregon
k California Railroad Company, having nu in
tercst, in a land grant that far Vlist, persuaded
the Siirvcyor-Ocncral to survey n township
still Hast of former lines, and ns a consequence
a lody of excellent land is thrown open for
settlement, nnd surveys prove it tn beof greit
value, though generally covere I with brush
mul timber. Col, I. R Moores, who is con
nected with the laud ollieo of the O. k C K.
R, Co , informs us that good land ill this
com ty can bo found still two townships fur
ther to the Mist than this we havo alluded to.
There is very littlo grain farming done in
Multnomah county. No great amount of stack
Is kept heio. Market girdeniug mid dairying
are shown by tho accompanying tallies to be
tho chief elements of production, as it take
the lead iu regard to butter, cheoio, vegeta
bles and potatoes, and small fruits that are
not returned iu tho census. It is evident the
land is held to n considerable extent in small
farms, as, whilo there is only 2,700 acres ia
cultivation theio are over 500 farms. Market
gardening otlra very certain rewards so near
a rapidly growing metropolis. Strawberries
are grown nasi oi I ortiatitl Willi sucn succe
that the nrice but season fell to 3 aud5centsa
pound, and the ferryman informed the writer
ono morning in Juno that over 70 wagons with
berries for salo had crossed with him previous
to 0 o'clock.
tub citv or ronTLANn.
As we pass up tho riier we must tako
glance at the great city growing up on the
bauks of tho Willamette, twelve mites from'
its coufiuonce with the Columbia river.
Astoria is nbout twenty miUs from the ocean,
Mid Portland about ono hundred miles abovo
Astoria. Some surprise may be felt at find
ing a great commercial city situated so far in
land, but natural causes control commerc in
tho outset, and human enterprise comes in
play to confirm tho decree of Nature. In time
the lower Columbia region will be peopl0
mm 1'iviiuciive uiuustry and tne wiiii""--
bo subdued by tho labor of man, but the Je"
tido of settlement for twenty-five years swept
into the beautiful Willamette valley and oc
cupied and cultivated the open prairies "if
lull that invited tho plow. Tho city of Po- !
Und was originally located to supply ""
region and as time rolled on and the country
vJ
aiUMC