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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 3, 1880)
J - v . An' I titt i7k b Ui WULAMKITB FARHF.E miMflltlXG CO. t u. it ! whi t,, p,r month..:::: Is .. ... AIVIWTINa RATES I Aa?ertlaaas arftl h. ImwrUrf ZJim.- ... ps psr month iu 6.00 16.0,, WILLAMETTE FARMER: PORTLAND, OREGON. DECEMBER rMnf4M On Inch of !2 biebs of ipsa per month.'.'.' ncoluin por month .,"" W8ampl copies lent frc on sppllesUo'ii." Address all fitter to: S A. CLAJIKE, Hasaer. OENEKAL PKOBPERITY. Tho meaning of tlio term "general pros pcrity" is that tho pmdiiccrn of tho country have good crnpn and remunerative, price. All tlio prosperity of tho world hinges tiK)ii that fact. .Scant production means fnmino nnd distrenn, whero hi rod in worth inoro than gold. Low ami inadequate priced ruin tlio prospects of the producer, nml when liu linn hard times nil the business of tlio woild languishes. To-day wo constantly hear tliu remark that business in dead mid money scarce among us, which in attributed to the fact that farmers have not sold their grain, aud do not tradu or put money in circiil ition. YTo cannot lihitne them for desiring to necuro a paying pneo for their hard earned cropi. It in life and Imppiiion to them tu secure n fair reward for lalior, ami tlio isii'iit wo wmli to make plain in th.it it in jut an imMirtaut for thoreitof tho coiiiniunity an for tlio farmern tbatproductinhould l.o Well paid for. Take the producei from our .Stato to-morrow and It would ho a desert. They mnko itn riches, loed itn foininercu, hiiild itn eitien and rail, roads mid givo security hir tho futuro nn well a the prencut. If wo havo lich inun in Poit land to-day, It in Ix-cnuso tlm fariui-rn of thin region nuidii itponnihlcfnrthcmtn hecomo rich, and if Pnitlaml in to ho a great city it iniint ho y tho Industry ami piinpctity of tho peo ple whom products thin city rccioven nml xvhono wantn itn tradcstipplicn. If production in poorly icpaiil tlien counncrcii will languish, aud tho price of town property will swiftly decline, Tlio selfishness of trado in nuch that it doesn't nlwnyn, or even often, nvnguiro and ....... !-.. ,1.- . . . .. nra'"" uiu source in iinsiicccsn. When tk merchant huirlen tho fanner to mll kin wheat ho diluiuinlien hin own ehanccn for trade and piolitl iVo can explain that hand somely liy current factn. Two liionthn ago wheat wan only worth 9I..'I'JJ rent n cental and tho speculators aud nhippiug merchant wantoil to liny up all tho wloat in tho .Stato, hut tho farmer have generally held on to their grain, and meantime it han improved in price to $l.fi'.'l cents ft cental, which in twenty V cent n cental mi over llvu million ceiitaln, m -.-.V . the farmern are latter oir hy n million dollar, fUl ..J..I I. t. -Ill- I .'. .. ... I .' i miu i i-1-.-.ioiu wv uau navo lartner ail ( vauce iluring tho Winter to incrc.no tho valuation another million. tut if our wheat had hern nold to agentn hem who represent foreign speculator tho wealth of tho State would have been that much reduced. Wo may safely claim that tho advance in wheat through the .'.ill nml Winter will lift tho pro duoorn of our region $I,.1X)1X, and every lunruhaut of good intelligence miint neo that tki) Tait mini in permanent wealth of which he will havo liin full nharu during the yearn trade. Tho runt Hut mined tun and n half milliuna of huaheln of wheat in thin valley lant year coat thin city n direct Innn of tiadt, and indirect loaara in the failure to mahocol lectlona, that amounted to half a million dol lar. Ilenhlen thia the country mtrchaut had ti nhare the tonne of tho farmein, no it wan a great detriment to all claw.ea.for tho mechanic, i-i t. lauwirr, iiiiiiiiaciiner ami iiimi tlio hanker folt the dilUrence in hiiaiuenn. Under theno dii'uuiatanccn it heluniven the loruhant and capitalist toauiat the punlucer to aouiinaiid gtMkl raten and aecuie fair ndiau tajea. The fearful raten of ti.nn.igo at iminent contn thin city itn full propoitiou of tatiu. Men alii.ernll overwheu theyhearth.it the Scotch hank han loaned a imllion dollnm n moitgagoto farmern, hut they do not half ivalire the henelit to the whole louutry when proJucta ndrauco and the fanner in pionr un. Ko farmer no country. No good iw- fer prodiicta no eiieouragement to ptoduce, aud here tho trannpoitation coinea in lor limn. If the city eipectn to Ihiiie it liumt huild up tlm country. If capital hopen to iucreae it muit encourage pio-liution aud protect the producer. Hero conic in another imimit.iut aucvea- tioai, that all cl.mea nhould allow appreciation for the joiirualiat who han the courage and judgment toconaiatently champion the cauae f the producer, and lahora to at-curc him all that the woild oaiiallonl to p.ty for hi pio duet And alao, nil ahouht diacriininate againat o Jouriialiaiu that in mIH.Ii, venal aud iuconiii'tent. first rate order for the plow.nnd now they can havo no nuch complaint. Tlio rains will nlo raine tho rivers nlong which n great deal of wheat is stored that can now he hrought down if desired. Tho rain in seanonahlc, and will prohahly extend to California, where tho farmers nre rather impatiently waiting its coming. There is no reason to fear any un usually cold spell thin Winter, t'rohahly tho fronts havo somewhat damaged tho pastures, hut when travelling in Marion county last week wo found grass green nml not injured. especially mcsijuilo grass, which in extensively ...ti........f -...i . ...on.uicu, nun itij Kipuiar wiin people Jo the foot-hilln. drain put in on .Summer-fallow seems to have generally heen put in early ami has made a good start. 3, 1880. HOME CURIOUS FACTS. When travelling a few days aco wo met with Mr. T. Willard, of Heaver Slough, Coos county, wild gave some rather curious facts concerning that region. One was, that tho coast lino wan gradually rilug from tho sea. Thin in shown hy tho fact that miners are working for gold on ancient sea heaehes that are over one hundred feet alxjvo the present oeiicii line, i nm wo liavo known before, hut it in not K)nnildo to tell how lon a time han panned since these high heaches wero down at tho sea level. Mr. Willard gives another statement that shows how surely and grad ually tlio shores ate rising. When ho lint re sided there, twelve years ago, tho tide on tho Cofiiillo river llowed an far up ns Myrtlo lomt, wliilo now it docs not reach within three millen of tllcie. ami at hitdi tid the,. are now rilllen in tho river which tho tid coveted then. Ik-low Heaver .Slough, on tho Oo"iiille, a settler built steps for n boat land, ing, and since they wero built the distance from the lower step to the water has incrcised two feet. So the coast lino must boat leant two feet higher than it was a few yearn nini. Also he say the Indians had a tradition that Olio tlliio tho sea rose and swept tho hill niden along tho rivets, which idea is homo out by tlio fact that the Western hill sides am nearly baro of soil, ami tho trees grow almost on the locks, while over on tho other side of the rl.lge there in rich deep soil. Also, on the hill sides lie the decayed trunks of larao spruces, nroken ami thrown aliout in lengths of dill'erent sien, in dillcrcut places, as if they nail Keen Inokeii oil and scattered by an oirthiiiako shock or a tidal wave. Tlio recent earthquakes in Alaska given thin theory plaunahility, as tho low er coast may have seen (Continued from Flrat I'aije) THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. told. It Illustrates, in rathera humoroun way too, the quality of wheat grown in tho Colum. bian region, W(OI, (HIOWI.NO A.NII SHEEP IfUMlMNIlttr. Wo excel in another great staple thatstands in the foremost rank of necessities, of com merce. ool growing has developed into an immense business, ami tho exports of 1880 of this product nlone reached 8,000,000 noiinds. worth over S'-'.OOO.OOO. Tho enterpriso of wool growers has introduced the best breeds of sheep, nml our llockn aro urndeil m. in n sunt where tho wool has becomo of tho most iienirawo quality lor manufacturers and is eagerly sought by them. Tho Value of sheen ... ...wi bin., mi i viieui iceii mo year "" " ootrin iiiinieiisu lauues wnere they loam with only tlio care of n shepherd to keep them together can ho imagined, especially when in addition to tho natural increase of the thick it is seen that tho lleeco vear nf(..p year piys hack, with few exceptions, the en- iiroeonioi iiiunniin.il. no can only alliiiln larger, tho soil more productive, tho climato milder, and tlio timber is of a better duality. anu inero Is moro of it, and the country is capablo of sustaining n very largo population, but without a railroad it will alway have to bo devoted exclusively to stock raising. VATTLK ANII HOIWK.n. A gentlemen from Denver, named CnU n hrother of Mr. David Cole, n merchant in thin city, was lately heto on a visit to his friends ami attended the State Fair. He was a stock man in Colorado, and expressed surpriso at the great improvement mado hero in brecdiiitr .1 tL I . uiuii, norscs, and very freely confessed that our uyucsilalca and rercherons nro far iti ad vanco of horso breeding in Colorado. Wo havo among tin, tlirotiuh all this broad nt1 long Columbian region, lino stock Imported from Kuropc an well as tho best bred in Amor lea. In every department of stock this nxeel. Icnco in dlsccmablo. Horso men invest their money in thoroughbreds, trotters, roadsters. ami irom the hnglish coach horse to tho So wo havo a considerable satisfaction in the trosscssion of Winter rains that produce boun teous harvests in strong contract with the periodical famines that blight tho hopes of the producers in Kansas and California. The emigrant who was driven hy faniino nml grass hoppers out of Kansas and reaches Oregon, never complains of rain, nor does tho Cali fornia!! Who Saw rtlitl ill Ma l,1ir.litwl i-rnln. and n.apknil m, u-lml l. nA..1.! .... n i...... ing tho shcrifl to settle his accounts, while' lie way Northward to Oregon to seek a land ought a home in Oregon for his family, ever where rainfall was certain nnu ( crops eounllr attractions of homo life, and ono journoya for a day without sight of orchard or garden. Tlio failure, of crops occurs in California so often ns to make wheat growing precarious biuinen. Drouths produced either total or partial failures there in 18(1!), 1870, 1871, 1875 and 1877, and in 187H, many who had rented land and sowed largo fields, when they saw them blighted, packed up their few household 1 ...111. Al,nf ?AtlI1lAa IUHftn il.- COO(H. IHW wiin ' "'"i """u nie aiiuvmufi bin; 4uiiiii.il. t? u zi mny HIJIKIC 1 1 t It i -ii to sheep husbandry hrielly in this introductory ! r e""croiia or Clydesdales, wo strivo for chapter, but in connection with tho detailed ',e,"1el:uo" L . description that will follow wo shall civu fact ""V1 c,nln?"t cattle breeders of Cnli ...!..!.. ... -i i i.i i ... .. u . .T forma si-nt m. n l.,.r.t ..t ci.... i similar nml nnsevero phenomenon. AH OLD WIIECK HEAno FROM. About live yearn ago the scliiMiner Star King sailed from Coon Hay and wan never heard from again. Wrficl, crew nml cargo must have been lost in the measureless depths of ocean, and there wan also on hoard ft Mm. Spraguu nml her children and some of their cl!'uctn, and tho an violin husband ami father waited and watched a Inuu time hut wm finally compelled to believe that bin loved onen were lost. Mr. T. Willard, a resident of Co county, usSuic un that uouowsiwan eve'r heard of tho U( vessel or (it'thoni on Uianl. at that place, hut lately whllo at Weston. Umatilla county, he met a man named .lohn Iriinn, working at hi trado an a carpenter, who claimed to havo been a pannenger on the lost schooner, which ho say went down in mid-ocean, and an it went down ho took refugo in small Imat, which overturned, hut ho and a man named .loo Coleman clung to tho keel and were dually washed anlioro and lived, after sullering gieat hardship. Mr. W ill.ird inform un th.it the man Iron sjHiko of all tho person on Isiard, of Mr. Spraguo and tho chlhlren, knew what freight Mr. Sprague had on Inunl, and wan so well ad- vie.i in tho ciicunistancca that hi story ream tho impress of truth. It i strange if theno men were saved in thin way ami never told their story, and it seeiiin moro likely tho story wan told hut never leached our informant, If hin nuplKMitiou in coriect. thoae inteiri.te.lii, tint schooner will desiro to make fuller inquiry. relating to sheep hiishahdry as well as of all other hratiches of production, in naeh ...,.ii,. of the l'acille .N'ortli West. It is found that wherowool in the main object, as is tlio case here, and where wethers yield tho heaviest lleecen, that the common sheep, well bred up with Merinoes, is tho most lirolitfthlc, nml in uiu gram growing regions ol tho Willamette valley snoop husbandry is found to ho an es sential aid to good agriculture. I.I IK IN .MIIIIll.K (ll(K(K)X. Wo hero republish, from Inst wcok's issue. an interesting (letter from Dr. Vomlcrpool, of Ocheco, which describes tho character of tho country Mist of the mountains ami far South from tlio Columbia river, showing how stock interests nro maintained and what hopes tlio people thcto liiiild iiN)ii tho prospectof rail road construction, which will reach them nt no distant day. The reirinti ho ile.rril... i. similar to much of Knktcru and Miihlln Or... gon nml Washington, nnd will ho settled as fast as it eau ho hiought within reach of mar ket by railroad. It in also true that tho vaU Hv iiiiinii ii.iiiii, ur uuncri, oi which ho speaks, jKitwcsn much rich soil, and only need water to bo available to make them desirablo for settlement. I'lllNEVILLK, W ASCII Co., Xov. 8, 18S0. I received votir letter of tho ''lib oil ... will now nnswer the question to the best of my ability. In tho llrst place commencing nt the foot of tho Cascade .Mountains and running in an eaitcrly direction, panning Oicho creek. Squaw creek, thclinat Deschutes river (.ho width of which '-MO feet) theio i not much larining i.imi, nut It In highly adapted to stock rainiiiL'. nn nil tho eountrv in env..r,.it ..ill. ti... iineni 01 iiiiucli grass. nywhcru you wish to stop on tho river your havo n iowl .t,...L ranch, for the country for n humlrcd miles win .Mirtn, .outh ami list in covered with the jliiest sort of grann and umlerbriinh for ailtlu and hornen. AIo the nuincroun dun tern of juniiern nll'onl a shelter that in actu ally better than a barn, for it never gets mud dy under foot. I havo been hero cloven year., and 1 think the average depth of snow is two inches. .Sometimes for two months in Winter tlieru in no nuow at all. hut other timen tl,.. snow fails ulsmt Hinchendeup, and then comes the "chinook" or warm Southwest coast wimin, winch taken it all oir except on the Ninth sidu of tho hills. In tlm Vint,.r il, slock goes luck onto what wo call desert laud, where tho grann it reserved ji Slimmer lonioiiiiii vtiiuc-, noiliry lieing IcmHnl. but ,..i un- ii-uniiii mai in nummer thero in no water, hut in Winter it in plenty, ami for this reason there will bo plenty of grass on these places for fifty year or longer. Stock rai sers liav but very little tmo for other than tho natural feed that is free for every man. There aro numerous little valley in every direction that are very fertile for all tlioiiunll rain nml gnissen. All tho hardy vegetable forma sent up a herd of Short-norm tu our usv ouiia rair, nnu nearly tho whole herd wan Vi ii ," ,u"n"'i satisfactory pron by .Mr. M, I-iskc, n heavy liistcrn cntllo breeder, who continually buys the best blood ho can Mini to improve his innncnu herds, so that gradually hut surely tho cattlo that range Upon tho thrice ten thousand bill. ,.r I .Tl. K.ana lami rjisi oi tlio Cascades aro becoming nfused witli Short Horn blood and improviuS in quality for beef, for which they nre now so eagerly sought that hundred of thousands of "'" reru 'inven f.a.nt, over tho mountain ami Plftiin, tlio hint season. The example of ..... i ib m noi a singio instance; tho Stew arts or Yamhill, goisl friends of tho Wii.mm. !irr-K Ji "?'?;" fu.r """'J' 'lar" llavo moved their Short Horn herd liint of tho mountains, and now havo a largo trodinir establishment ...v.u. jhi-io ,,ro several nreeiiers of Short Horn in tho Wi lamcttn vnllnv. l... tfi. steins, Jersey and Alderneyn can bo found ii.V',l',r '"'"'' nl"1 ",,r Wend, Hon. M. Will.inn. president of tlni.St.nl.. A,.,.;nii,.i Society, mid his sons, nre making n success of uiu ii-u iuvoiis, which tney liiul by experi ence nro well adapted tu the pecuharitha of our country nml climate. Wo have thus briefly, in tho outset, tried to show tho dis tant leader that tlio stock ii,(n..,.i. - ..... neglected in our far, West-coast country, mid that already ue feed themaikeUof the woild. ( f tho ir.0,000 head of cattlo driven from hero t nn year no doubt n proportion will in duo time feed tho hungry millions of tho United Kingdom or (ireat llritaln, Ireland and Scot land. So we aro making ourselves known to me worm, ami ucccsarv in niiK- m, ln ..-.... I' ..I II"'"' o " fell... au.Jill-n ui cuioiiierco gr.ui do w rail ov TJIE8EAS0K. Our mild ic.i.onn and nioi.t climato make cohl w eather, when it ncciaioually come, a groat hanlahip to tho regular "WehriKit." llothivcm over a light froat mid ha of late boon fearful Ucau.o .N'oveinher ha indulged in clear, cool, U-autlful wiather, not what ur liutem friend would call Winter, hut just cold enough to lie- a good bracing atmos phere. Wo h.io heard fiequcnt pudictiona itf Into that we were to have an unusually haul lmrd Winter, hut wo have aecn fiv.t Xoveni- her followed hy mild, growing weather all tho Winter often, ami IKveiulwriMicome in with a genuine downpour of rain ami moderation f temperature that will please evcryUvly. The Winter rain me haibinger of health, a well a guarantee of productivrne of the soil. In many jwirt of thia valley our f.ii men have not had rain enough to put the ground in 000D USE I'OK FKIENDS. r'riemUaio luipoitai in this world, and eapecially so to a newpaper that depend on tho public for aiipiMirt, If wo havo any riieiiin(aud wo receive thousand of assurance that wo have) they can bent show their friend- ahip by doing what they can to aid mid in crease our circulation. Iluiidivda write it they appreciate tho ellhrt wo make to protect tlii iutereatn of agriculture mid iucreai-u the prosperity id producer. Well, that in com forting to nn, hut all tluxowho will imva their ucighliorhood mid explain the value of the I tiiMKii toothei midget them to uli. sorilH, do something that given un strength to work mean haul time, mid it will bo seen that we oirer liberal reward lor all such kind of work. well here, ami in many place all kind are lami. From tho Deachutea rivtr you pans er It! mile of country that i litemlU- covered with grnsn, juniper tiinlierand plenty of hrouao for stock ill winter. Tli..n 1...1 --.. at tho lower cud of Crooked river valley, which is nlKiut 7.r miles long and extends almost duo east and went. Thin is a licniitifiil valley wltii little or no timber in it. with tl, exception of willows nlong the river. Now come the stock country on tho South of thin river, and along itn entire length iaoiio line of lull and plateau thickly covered with hunch grann of the lst quality, livery few ilen c es in ti creek Irom the highland kick on either side. On these stream from head to mouth, with few exceptions, are good farming lands. At this time there nro hun dred of thousand of aeteiof land Kim- nil.. waitini! for the indllatriou farmer t.i I. ...... and plow and raise grain on. Hut what is the ii? There ia no market for grain, except in limited nuantities. u wu hawi mi fj.-ilni.j r..r snipping to the outsido World. Tho conse quence i that if a man doesn't havo enough Oood for Manama. Mr. (1. I. Teriell formerly a merchant in Salem, has concluded to open .1 good stock of good, at Melunu, to supply the region in Marion i-ounty there.ilHiut, and al.o the rich fanning country acron the Sautiam, in l.iun o.Hinty, oouaialingof Jordan valley, Fox vaW ley, and King piairie. Ilia puuie object is tho health of hi family which in prefect th.-i aud in truth Mehau .1, and the foot hill region oiler the great inducement to pcraou who seek a uprtlatiuly healthy climate. Nut only ia the foot hill soil rich mid productive, hut it ha become a resort for invalid, mid many of tho now heaity settler went there troubled with chronic di.eaaea, that hive hern ull.. vi.....! (.. .1... 1 :.. 11.. .1:... . .. -' " i i iiuiiy ciniuie. mt, ler- rell' enterpriso will lv a decided advantage id 111.11 vicimtv. J. II. Sktti.kmiki!, of tho Woclhuru Xur aery, f doing a lino business in hit line this Fall. Parties u idling to set trie this season will do well to send their orders to him, a they will he filled correctly nud withdiap.itch jharacteriatio ol the proprietor, Send to him for catalogue and price-Nat. money to lmi jalo tho stiH-k biiaineai lm won't nio licro ut all. The one L-reat trouble hero togetouraupplic. When 11 man with n largo family ban to go mi ami sometime 'J00 mile to mill ami to do hi trading, what ia the 110 of settling in audi a country. If wo had a railroad somewhere on the coast west of here, and running lli-t o a to connect with some ol the through linen it would open up thousands of good farm mid Lome. As soon as it in a settled fact that tlm Or... gon l'acille will he built, just win. per tho tid ing that there i such a country nn (I.i. mi.l only Iviiiu' across the mountain from tlm Wil. lamette valley, and there will hcauchn stream of emigration aeroaa the Citcadea an waa never before seen. The f.iiunu l'aloiuo country w ill never he hrard of again. Our sod i ju.t as productive a thciis, and the climate hero in a gieat deal milder, hut they have traiispoitation aud wo havo not. (live 11a 11 railroad mid wo are atilinl; it in all that 1 ncmicii to make tin one of tho moat pros perous localities 011 tho coaat. Within a year after the coiunlction of a railroad to thi locality, the people over in your section will bo kiiipiiacd at the v.iat aiiiount of lxiiii i-. ceived from here. Your w hole valley ami the Sound country will lm supplied with stock front her. A it ia now wo have to drive our i.u cattle Iimiii ono to two hundreed mile in the w inter to lind a market, and hy tho time we get them there they nre jsmr. (iivetit a railioad and we can ship our fat stock ,100 mile to in: rket nud allont to sell cheaper than tlio.o who live in your valley. Wo do not have to feci! at nil. We mark ami lino, I a calf turn him out 011 tho range aud when ho i four-year old sell him for J?v cadi net profit about SI7- Ioc that pa! (live in facilities for getting to a better market, and it will my better. tiur whole country U either the licit of tarimm; or urnzuii; land, mni if a railroad i. run tnrougii tt every acre will be worth from $10 to SUM. Nearly all the land belonging to the Cascade Mountain Wagon Itoad Company in thi section i of the very best, and an it is not now for sale it retard the settlement of tho country very much. It would he very valuable in cwo a railroad should run through here, A you go tvtit from here alon tho line of tho military road the valley get a great deal TIIK tlllKAT AllV.lNT.KIM WK OFFKIl. Somo people (not many) como hero mid go away again, not liking our country. So in IRIll, people went to California nud left in din- glint when they found that gold could not ho had without illgifing for it. Tlioo who como here with reasonable anticipations nro invariably satisfied and soon inako homes nml aro friends to the country. To claim tint wo havo hero good soil and a pleasant climato and that a man can do better here, if lio is eouiM:tcut nud industrious, than in almost any other re gion, in not too much. e confidently nssert that If a man has money say from 81,000 to $I0,00, ho can go tonny pirt of Oregon or Washington Territory and locato to bent ad vnntniro in tho oldest settled districts, lie can watch hi ehanccn to buy laud, or can lo cato 011 somo vacant government, or State, or railroad land, nml soon inako himself a pleas. ant homo. If he ha a littlo mean to uc he can go to hantcrn Oregon or to Kastcrn Wash ington, where a wide region invite settle ment. Ha will perhaps ho bewildered ns to what direction to take, hut ho only needs to make his choice nnd then liud his location. In n new country liko that many nro always - I.. . ..II ......,..! ..! n-uiij in mu uiu meir ciaiius nnu tnoir im provement for ft trille. Tho railroad compa nie aro ready to furnish information. People who live thero nro noxious to securu good neighbor to build up their community-, and everywhere tho immigrant can obtain' vain. able information. We shall eivo ni minute letnili ns possible a we proceed to describe the ilill'eient counties, mid shall make nil Kaibo ell'ort to give reliable information. I he advantage of the country nre numer ous. I bo man without means but with health, courage ami strength, can find m tho racllio .North West the best xisniblo liehl for tho use of his capital, and Oregon in tilled up wiin prosperous tarmcr wnocamo here with native strength and will, and havo made theinaeive comfortably wealthy, and that, too, when tho era of development had not uiiiiv commenced, complain that rain ia 0 discomfort. Tlio Jircs cut year rainn fell early in October, and to- warns toe niiiitiia of tho month there was about a week of rainfall, though not excessive. All through November the weather was clear and frosty, as delightful weather an could he desired for tho last of Autumn. Tlio writer of thin was last week absent on a trip up tlio valley, and then went twenty miles to the foot hills of tho Cascade rani'e. rnlim for two davs in tho open air. It is not usual that we lnvo ironts in rsovembcr. but thev have not been sevcro enough to kill tho grass, nud every where we went wo saw farmers plowing their iienis, ami some were sowing them to wheat, though we believe they would do better to wait until February to sow. People who nre used to thin climato do not caro for ordinary rain. Stormi that arc so vers K'ldoni occur, mid the light rains of Win ter arc frcfiuclitlv very warm nud do not keen men from work. Wo have run a logging team tl XVI.. t.. ...'.I. 1.. .1 .1.... 1 .P. iMiin-i tumuli, mieu iuijs luni nine 011 account of tlio weather. The rainn of the Western valleys have their compensation in the precious benefits they confer. They hare, since tlio settlement of the country, for fortv years insured good crops, with tho exception of onn year when Spring wheat was nllectcd ny rust. 1 ho rolllnif prairies and hill lands enn bo cultivated nt any time, but there nro rich, low lauds that cannot he sowed unless well drained, until SnriiiL'. but tlm eontinu. mice of pleasant shower thromdi Jinui in nan, ally to bo depended on, nml we seo wheat of 1:10 pring varieties sown until June, mid fre quently Spring sown wheat yields a rich har vest. Seed time, in Western Oregon, in there fore .1 continuous season forovir fulitinniitlin. from early in September until late in May. It is not necessarv to S.1V lire,, t, n- flinn that for ordinary vegetables nnd fruits no country in 1110 world excels tho IVicilio .North west, j ho moist climate of tho Western val ley causes a richness of flavor that is appre ciated abroad. Apples, pearl, cherries, plums and prunes, nil thrive in tho best possible manner. Small fniits nil do well, and in tlio fittuio fruit growiinr will provo ono of tho moat rcnuinci.itivo sources of wealth, (irapei and peaches do not tike our cool night in Summer, and tho same is true of com, though nil these nre grown here, but not in their grcaieni periectlou. MI.MKTIIIMI IIKTTKIl THAN' CWt.V. All incident that wo published in tho KwiMKit ft month ago illustrates tho ditl'crcnco between this region ami the corn-growing West It seem that n man from Missouri had reached Kastcru Oregon with hi family and wan returning down tho Columbia river disheartened nud much discouraged because tno product of tho country wero so dillercnt irom what ho wnn necustomed to, On hoard tho same steamer was Mr. H. K. Thompson, ono of the chief owners in the Oregon Steam Navigation Coniiany, who being on old resi dent of Oregon, understood the prnctical workings of the country. Hearing this Gran ger condemn the country, Mr. Thompson asked hnu w hat wa tho matter with it, and the answer wasi "What is n country good for that cannot raise corn? I mnm from Mi..,,,,-; where tlio corn crop vnn tho big thing, and I don t know what to do Inn country where corn ". fciw" mill certnin. In many rcsnecm 1110 iwo .-states. differ, hut in all material respects uiat ilihor. enco is in favor of tho North Paciflo region. Tlio peojilc nre an different in the climato nnd the surroundings. Take the older settlement of Wcntcrn Oregon and Washington, and Wo find society organised nn well nn ill tho most favored Kutcrn States. School homes nro everywhere. Tlio school system of the State in well managed, and tho school fund fur nished hv the State materially aids tho causo nf nlinmtinii. Towns nnd Villairen glisten on tho prairies and nmong tho hills, and trado nnd commerce nre conducted with animated rivalry, wliilo the tncchanio arts aro encour nged nnd prosper everywhere. Tho Willam ette valley not only ban n navigable river through its midst hut in fairly seamed with competing railways. Churchrs nro well bus-(-.In,.,!- tlm farmers have their clube and m-niu-ns! tho villager havo excellent schools and academies, and life here is all that the moat niantftiff could desire, and far more than could bo expected of ft region so rcmoto and no comparatively now. The Pacific Northwest hear welt tho most scrutinizing comparison witli California and Nevada, for with nil the glamour nnd glory of gold and silver mlnon and orango grove, the prido of vineyards nnd orchards, therein nothing so permanent mid reliable, so satis factory in all respects to tho actual settler who wishes to inako a home for himself nnd bin children nfter him, that California can oiler that can equal tho advantages to ho found to northward. Thin in ft broad nnnertion, but will bo borno out hy factn. What with them In ciiliemerat, the glitter mid gloss of life, un derlaid hv struggle nud poverty, with us is steailr progress mid the patient result of labor. There in no glitter of gold or glimour of trop ical siinshino to ho followed hy periodical fam ine, but tho people, tho elimatonud the coun try ponnenn tho temperate, character on which tho greatent nations of tho earth havo been built. There aro n few men among un who havo niuasned wealth, hut it was by good hill iues.n enterpriso and judgment, practiced for many years. Their wealth came gradually hut certainly, with tho development of the country, not by sclicmai and practice, that beggired half the impulatioi henides. Oregon and .Washington Territory have been settled under duailvaniage that may havo retarded their growth, hut that growth ho been healthy) society hero in sound at tho core; farmers own their own l.-fml, almost exclusive ly, anitncighliorhoodncoiitiitor thono who hy long association aro bccoin a united commuti ity. Exrr.i.t.KNCK op runiiucrx. Wo haro often had occasion to show tho superior qualities or Oregon products, nnd what wo now claim is cany or proor, Tho products of Oregon rank high in all respects, A wo havo shown, mid as market quotations continually prove, the same variety of wheat grown in Oregon is worth fivo cents a bushel In UverjKxil moro than il grown in California. The California market ia supplied with oat from Oregon and Piiget Sound, which tho commercial piper of San Francisco quoto far aliovo tho same grown thero. Our vegetables sell thero higher than their own, because our , at' or ,i"i K!!" C001' ,,10i'k clitu I'1"-'" 1'caHhlor an-- we have sfiinetbiiiL' i..tter tin.,. ...,'. 1. I moro perfect development than tho rank said Mr. Thompson, and proceeded to explain row,i of California. California product til fill IWII.,U1IIIK ..... fl - 1 1 .1 l . Itlt.t i. ... ..... .,.,....,,,,, ,,,,, .,. WMOT tiiu niio nigii in tno world and occasion wonder to luicgant to climato, alone, it oiler great inducements. Fever nud aijno is unknown lure in tho sense it prevail in many Western ami Southern State. A mild form of ohilln nud fever is know 11 hut in easily broken, and ery seldom occur. The w nte'r of tin had a single chill last summer, and heard of n fw c.iae only in all hii 1 nnsoeiatioun. Tlio singular iii.inicicr ui uur 11 iiiameiiu xniiev can lm III), del-stood when we say that it in possible to sow wheat here every month m tin, v...,.- We I1.1v r known wheat sow 11 111 June, to nir.inl good fall pasture, ami make a crop the next Summer. The writer of this, when farming, has sow 11 White Winter whe.it from Seiitem. her to the middle of March, without any fail lire. In thi country we liavo no extreme of Summer or Winter. A few day of hot weather may occur in the Summer, hut the night are always so cool a to requite a blanket through July or Auguat. The prevailing Mirth wind keep the Miniiuer cool, and the prevailing South winds keep the Wiuttr warm, and w hen tho Winter aro most sovero they aro modified greatly hy tho ocean current ui.ii circien men wii 01 .is.a ami .North Amer ica to bring u the warmth of tlio Cliiuese se.is. I hero are exception to nil rules, so thrico in the more than thirty year since wo have lived in Oregon we have seen tho river frozen and a few week of cidd w cither. Theio is mu.illy a cold snap about the holi day that is more or les severe. Skating i a luxury the Ikiv and girl often do without. and sleighing ia only known onco in four or live year at a tune, and i short lived then. The three Inn! Winter havo Ihhmi h nomi nal and not so much dreaded hv the firmer Uv.iuae the auccccdiug enm has nlu-av !..,, exceptionally good. Several tunc we have known wiiii straw iierrie to ripen on tho hill nu- in 1 -wviiiovr, ami in i,-j ;tf newer wero in hhwin all Winter. The world hear 01 01 our rainy season in the Willamette with :i feeling of dread, but the inhabitant of "Webfoot," a our lvutcm nep.-hlior and Cilifornians sitvasticallv term us," know that tho Winter rain seiure liedth and exemption from cold, and that their crura, literally, never fairly Tail, the only exception Muz mien uiu cuui.iiie (Munition COIItltrV Produced and hmv ,.ttc ,.t,ult,..a ......... ., ,, . ,-; ' i'"mvw ,vw HisiHMcii o j no emigrant explained that ho j.. .1111 o iiiucii getting nero with his fam ily nml prospecting the country since hi nr rival that he had not mean to go Kick to Mi. ouri if he wished to, or to locato hero to ad vantage if he remained. Mr. Thompson then suggested to him that If ha would go out scv eral miles liist of Portland omong the market gardener, he could rent n piece ot laud on ""f '"'" 111.1K0 a raise ny gi owing veg etable for tho Portland market. Three year vaaed. and ono day Mr. Tlioiiiiunii met near ihocllleoof tho O. S. N. Co., 11 fanner who wan i turning over his wagon load of vegetable to the commissary 0f tho comiiauy. The farmer recognized him mid called Ida attention to the fact of their meeting on tho river siramrr inree years prcvioualy. Said hot "I am the man who couldn't aco any good in n 'J "iinu 1 com, in i raise corn, mid went on to explain that ho had followed hi advico-had nt first rented a piece of land 011 sluren-after tho first year bought 'Si acre of good laud. 'JO ncres of u hied u ... -l..,.-.,.! ....1 in cultivation: that ho had a bnn... n.,.i 1.,... im it, jiwne.1 the ttMin and wagon ho saw, nnd had idwy felt obliged to him for tlio excel lent advice he had -had the good seiiao to fob low OIlKOON AM. CAI.IIOIINIA (IIMI'AltKll. During tho early period of our history, from tho discovery of gold to within a few year iwut, the product of Oregon were all shipped to California mid sent to the woild as th nm. duct of that State. The immigrant who had litard of Oregon, itn climate, rich soil, certain product mid gn at natural advantages, and attempted to come here by the usual route, had to mu the gauntlet of misrepresentation mid intimidation a he pua.ed through that nuie, mnl w a met hundreds of mile before he reached it Itonlcr by runner who wero employed to represent tho iutereti of land sharks who .pared no pain to make tho man bound for Oregon believe that this State waa - nimuiiiiuncivillztsi region which enjoyed I u p.iwieges. nan no extent of resources, and w not fit for settlement. We havo nut many persons in year lust who havo i,.,r. utod the effort thus made to detain them in """""' '"" " imrepreeutatioiu they had to endure. Many w ere detained and in duced to settle in some locality where land wa sold at an enormous price and crops were so uncertain that they soon found themselves ruined beyond recoiery, and learned t!.,f rv. ?!.."'' ef ,UIC,M l)"on, wj- State in tin grists m ,,,uhaP1P'ly el.iin.eil in immense Sle t. t h,v tff l0"' '"'f' u,,,,er Me l wi ; ' nu U"tu ",t0 ,llB Isciou of peculator, who seem to he sou less, ami i since (settlement of their land k y f, ..ieu.i wio, atter residing in Ore- all who go there, but even California!! prefer and pay higher for nil producU from tho north. It is not too much to claim that our vegetable equal any and excel most of those grown in any part of tho United State. Take tho whole lino of vegetable products, and though thero may bo eenio that aro not natu ral to our climate, we can grow most of tho vegetables known in temperate climes in tho greatest pcrfectien. I ho same is fruo of ourfruit) apples, pear, cherries, plums nnd prunes grow hero in tho greatest profusion nud excellence. Our win ter apple nre marketed in San I rancUco. It is acknowledged that apple nnd pear havo a richer llavor than tho nm vnri,.ii. . iu California, for tlio amo reason wo gavu in connection with vegetables. No blight has attacked fruit, except for threo year past tho npplo tree louso ho devastated npplo orchard in omo localities, but that i a peat that will undoubtedly soon disappear. Cherries grow hero to tho greatest possihlo excellence. The eurculio has never been known on this coast, and tliu plum mid prune hear usually in great profusion mid havo mpcrior richness nnd "lvm , ." ' estimation 111 which ourfruit aro held iu California can ho shown by stating that M. G. howberry. ft fruit merchant iu tins city, forwarded tho product of a plum mm prune orchard planted near Portland by Dr. Cardwell to a fruit csnnerv in Pniirn,tn on such terms that they netted tlio fruit grow er two cents a pound for the fmit 'i'l. -.. on given for tho purchase was that Oregon fruit wero superior, nnd they could nilbrdto pay tki price. Wo have for fivo years mat urged tho farmer of thin r..,.i,,,. n Vi, ... largo orchard of these fruit, b they can lio dried nr vanned to advantage and shipped abroad. I'hu great yield of plum and prune to the acre, and tho demand that exist for tlioitiamoiiij'ull nations, make tlii a safo jiiinine to invest in, more especially ns tho I lilted State import not let than fivo mil lion of dollars worth annually, so wo can de pend on a home market, tlm r.ivnr.... nt tl,, Cllrcillio inakillL' it ilnnn..nilil (o ,.?n.. .,1,,,,,. and prune cast of tho ItockyMountains. Wo pi.iiiieu an orchard of ;i000 tree somo years ago. and o showed faith in thi opinion, Tho cultivation of (H-achc and grapes, a wo havo said, ia not so well repaid with u. though they grow in greater perfection, east of tlio Cascade. State. Ititl fist at a We tin e in Ca tform., represent it a a lam ol . theenormoualy rich ami themiaerablyiwor "j uiiirreiicti ni fNlllill ttAts ..... 1 "" 1 fn . V I? ot the 0r' " f""-. who iia hi. land without .vu ; .. ... ' ... 1 ..., 1,.. - .V " w I'loucer, niui wiiose home 1 mrrounded with comfort and looked when tlio climatic conditions urnniuiiui.il.. -..-. w , ,1111 coi in 1S70. mid warm rain iu July caused r.t. K- " Aj",";,"e,,?J residence, while tho ,s-... ,.uvnrsui v,auioniia California often possess no iUX AND WOOL. Flax is extensively grown for d nnd tho manufacture of linseed oil is enrried on to good advantago at Salem, so as to nhundan tly supply all our own need iu that respect. Flax I for liber has lieen nlso grown nnd sent to Ire- iu the laud, mid tho fiber is said to fully eoual tho beat used in the manufacture of the finest Irish linen goods. It needs only that capital shall take hold of the matter mid lalior lie come procurable, to make the production and manufacture of flax on tho largest scale possi ble in Oregon. This matter ha bceu shown up for year past iu tho Faiimek, but iu a now country like this great manufacturing enter prise move slowly. It is not pessihle to grow (lax to perfection in most countries, hut our climato resemble that of the north of Ireland, aud cuoush has been done hero to show that wo can grow tho lst of tlax to advantage and front, in duo time, and Western Oregon, 'A HI ij
