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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 26, 1880)
.J T " '51 r-"- ' i ?"- t r g.rw,ggsg7T-y-- - w Jf1.. d "": ut ? ' " r : .. , . ! -t- - '.,,. ' aHc: dftg r t rn mi rr4 "i& i-- f'i l r 14 aw envnT anv AW JwiMBBhiiAHMJIwl nswwsjaveV neannVavnvneavw(u aenmaaeBawBaisf5ewss H gfnfay VOL. XII. PORTLAND, OREGON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1880. NO. 41. WHERE TO FIND VS. People wishing. to rail on us while In Portland will please take notice that wc arc on AhIi street, between First and Front, opposite Knapp, Burrcll & Vo.'h hardware store, up stairs. MIBCBIBKM arc requested (. U.k at Ihr tale Ihrlr lac, and la rate llirrr It any errers, please Inferos a warn, and wliere and la wa.ra Money was paid Ibal ha not been credited, PROSPECTUS FOR THE YEAR OF 1881, OF THE WILLAMETTE FARMER. Trrolflh Year of Publication A SuccMaAil and Uaeful Career The Pioneer Agricultural . Paper of Oregon. We are now In tho Fall, at the time when people choose their resiling for the year Jto come, nml wo present th. claim of the Willamette FAHMEit for a full support and general patronago from alt tho producer of tlio Northwest. Tlii paper ha been in existence twelve yean, and ha. accomplish? d more good for the former than any ot'ior journal in the Stato. It hat preionted the condition of the wheat market with Intelli gent criticiim and ho levorol times predicted improvement that hoa come true, grratly'to advantage of thoto who relied upon it Though, tliia paper is published at the Mutt-op oli it fully and unequivocally represents tho Country, and depend upon tho Country for support, in an thing it u independent of kind of fruit to shin fresh or dried to forciirn countries; can make moro intelligent tiao of nuvvif iiusijuuuijr in wnuecMuii wiin larmingi lialf pay moro attention to improved stock) that beauty nnd comfort should bo more gen erally Introduced into the former's homo life: that dairying should assumo mora practical shnpo than it now ha. Iu short, wo believe In intelligent progress and desire to help secure It In every branch of production and in thu lives nf all producers. Tho Faumf.u is especially valuable to the mother and children, for the Homo Depart ment is edited and conducted by a woman whoso expericuco has covered every phase of a farmer's life. The children's column con tain spicy contributions from all part of thu Northwett. As a family paper it has no equal in tho Northwest. influence that work agsinst tho producer considers' his advantage against all other rest, if it was conducted with a 11 no. alble independence, and yet lacked judgmcut n be of no t , in formimr correct opinion, it woul use to the public, but it lias a record of many years, siuco it was edited as at present, and the testimony of its friends will bear out the . assertion that it has shown rare good judg ment iu formincand exnrcsslmr opinions, anil u i-viuuiini gii-ut MVlieilM UJKJI1 lis SUOSCriU- en, and through them upon the Stato. ALWAYS l-OR TJIB PltOUCCKIU At tho present time we aro engaged in up holding tho interest of wheat growers with out axsiitanco from any other journal of in fluence. Tu are correct iu predicting tho cer tain abuodince of tounage b.fore Spring, and doclino of freight in consequence, and to some degreo agslntt our own interest, wo stillieu tho former to resist the practical ex tor ion clurged them in paying present freight rates. Not only is this paper in itself an earnest ad vocate of all that lienellt the producer, but it i tho natural organ through wliivh the fanner of tho Northwest can make themselves heard and relate their experience. itm (inowTll. Such a newspaper is more "useful than it generally supposed, and this one has not come up ana grown luto being or itself, but has been built up by long and patient labor. It has not wholly been built up by the means furnished by iu patrons, but tho editor has for !?uy yvxr beeu a hanl worker in oMnr lieias 01 literature and lias earned thousand of dollar that has been used to support and b-iild up the Willamette Faiimek. Uy this mean it ha been improved ami has been sblo to deserve support, and with increased patron age may uow be considered on a paying basis if subscriptions "arc promptly paid. It has cost a fair fortune to build up this newspaper to its present standing, and the same invest ment in almost any other much less laliorious business would have been more remunerative, .but with those who have struggled for so many year to create this newsptper and give the farroiuir community an able and induix-ii. dent 01 pan, it has Wen a labor of love, a w oi k that enlisted all their power nnd all their sympathies, and it is a matteof pride with us that we so fully possess the confidence of our readers, as we have frerjueut proof is tho fact. We make the positive assertion that no agri cultural newspaper in the world, of equal worth, is published with the samo support. no oiner community oi equsl population pas. aesses a good an agricultural newspaper. We have taken great cliances in the past, because the country wo growing rapidly and we knew mat wa snoum grow witn it, ami our expec tation ho been fulfilled. WHAT IT CONTAINS. Am a general mum of information tlieWiL 14MCTTB Fabmkk cannot be excelled, because .. we take from a multitude of exchange such ,- Jaistoaiid matters as we believe lie'tcalc'ilati-d f flBucateand inform the people of tuu couu trir F 9fr Oar mUcellamous reading cover a wide tone of subject and of itself shows clearlv tie progress making in the world at large. Any person who carefully studie our column must be comparatively well informed of all thst goes on m the world. Our summary of foreign news covers all nutters of importance; we glean fully from our home exchanges every item of interest, and especially all that relates to agricultural growth and reduction n.1 tba y resource and development of the country. . .UM W SU1UC4TI, IVe are striving to make this people aelf-sup. porting in every possible way. We can grow -acne and beets and manufacture suiear for borne use, and we do all we can to maVa thi. known and indue tb effort. We believe this country can produce flax and manufacture linen; can follow some routine of farming leas whaartiajt than wheat culture; cau grow mar y WILL YOU HELP OH. Tho Farmeii for 1880 ha Ixen an improve ment on all former years, and we intend to take a step forward in 1881. Woneed all the help wo can yet, and the only way we know of that wo cau get it Is .fpr every friend we havn to become r worker and secure us nil the additional subscribers he can. Wo cannot afford to put canvassers in tho llcld, and our growth in the post represents the good will and positive clfort of our friends. Wo renew thu oiTcr w. liar, alwav inado, to send tho Faiimkii free one year iu nuy tsoii who will sella us llireo now subscribers, or we will allow four months on subscription for evcrv nur sulwcrilier sent to us. A uric mbtcriUr U one iMo tlot$ not fair, (he jcitr at all, not one irAo Aus Ixtn tallnj it and rtnnot for the year to come. We invito all farmer who want a non-partisan, non-sectarian paper wholly devoted to their own interest, to tako our paper and to contribute freely and frctueutly concerning all matters of interest to the farming com munity. WHY A FABHER SHOULD BE A PATRON. Fox Vallev, Nov. 20, 18S0. Editor Willamette Fannori I suggest to the msrf$7tadtrcf (KeFAHMEU who are not grangers why they sht.uM bo. The way iu which the Or Ago proposes to benefit tho (armor through united action is in talking togothcr; no two men haro Ideas exactly alike; no ono man can by practical experience by himself alone learn all that Is to lie known about his calling; theories and ideas must first bo thought over, talked over, compared with others and thoroughly investigated ami under stood before they can bo successfully put In practice. Hence all other classes, calling and professions have their conferences and conven tions, local, .State, and National, that they may by talking together for their common good advance the Intcmstof all. Farmers can, and are being benefitted in this samo manner, by talking together iu their subordinate Grange, and in their county Oranre, iu their Stato Orange, and in their National Orange. Some of thu vood old sayings have it that two heads are better than one, and iu the multitude of council there is wisdom. Ono person can ting alto another tenor another soprano, either alone would bo good music, but combined wo liavo perfect music, a band of musto is com posed of many performers sach playing a different instrument, either by itself would be music, but only when rnniblnnl do we get tho grand music of the mostvr in perfection, Kvery firmer has ideas of hi own, by com. paring them with his neighbor, talking to gether In tho Orange the good that each has Is combined and mado better and for tho good of all by talking together. Farmers are learning to stand on their feet and express themselves on any and all occasions, not leaving it to lawyers, doctors anil those of other proles sions to run school meetings, primaries and conventions. The Orange is teaching farmer to talk out in nirtttiuga whatever that meet ing may lie, and they are being heard from more than ever, they are practicing Unparlia mentary rule and thu learning to talk to gether, not only intelligently, but with order. sytem and by the rule of all bodie that meet to talk together. Vast good is. and will come from thus being schooled and practiced in talking together, it will be felt not only in neighborly matter, but its political partic. In Ix'gialatunw, JuCoasrc, ull thumitireotlict of the nation, and all well wishers for their ountry's good will tl'ank tho Orange for its grand benefits conferred upon our entire p people, and because it has united tho fanners of all actions a-d - lienefltting them all who depend upon them through their talking to gether. Jordan Vallev Qranqer. HORTJGPLTURU, 80CIETT MIETINO. The first Saturday In December Iho regular meeting ol the above society will be held at the Court house at 1 o'clock. A general at tendance is desired, as questions will come up as to uniform boxes to sell fruit in, attempting a uniform business; another question as to what kind of fruit we shall now plant to an ticipate the sending to Kaatern market by the North Pacific railroad, which is promised through in two or three year. Bring fruit tor identification, also new fruit. By order HsNr Millxb, FTasideat. THE CROOKED RIVER VAIAKY. Letter Descriptive of that Country Written by an Old Bettlsr, L. Vamtcrpcol M. U. writes the followtrg interesting letter which we find in the Albany Democrat) ' ' I'hinevillc, Wasco Co., Nov. 8, 1880. I received your letter of tho 'Jlth ult., and will now answer tho questions to the best of my ability. In tho first placo commencing at tho foot of tho Cascade Mountains and running In an easterly direction, passing Cocho creek, Squaw creek, the Oieat Deschutes river (t'10 width of which 200 feet) there is not much farming land, but it is highly adapted to stock railing, as all tho country is coveted w'ith the finest of bunch grass. Anywhere you wish to stop on tho river y ur havu a good stock ranch,' for the country for a hundred inilrs both North, South and Kost 1 covered with thu finest sort of grass and underbrush for cattle and horses. Also tho numerous clus ters of junipers afford a shelter that Is actu ally better than a bam, for It never get mud dy undor foot I liavo been here eleven years, and I think tho averago depth of snow is two inches. Sometimes for two months in Wlut' r there is no snow at all, but other times the snow fa la about 8 inches deep, and then romos tho "chinook" or warm Southwest coast winds, which takes It nil off except on the North side of tho hills. Iu thu Winter the stock goes bock onto what wo call deaert land, where the gross la reserved in Summer for them in Winter, not by being fenced, but tor me reason mat in Hummer there la no water, but in Winter it is plenty, and for this reason there will bo plenty of grass on lliew place for fifty year or longer. Stock Vnl- ser hav but ery HtlJe.iue Jor othcAdlfMsJ cue naiurai iceu mat I irte inr every man. There are niimernu little valley in every direction that are very fertile for all tlwamall rlus and grasses. All the hardy vegetable well here, and in many places all kinds aiu raiscu. r.uiu ine ucscuuics river you pass over 12 miles of country that is literallv covered with grass, juniper timber and plenty of brouso for stock iu winter. Then you are at me tower etui oi i;rooKea river vslluv. which Is about 15 miles loner ami tnil. almost duo east and west. Tins is a beautiful valley with little or no timber in it. with tho exception of willows along the river. Now comes tho stock country ou the South of this river, and along it entire length Isouu line of hills and plateaus thickly covered with bunch grass of tho best quality. Kvery few miles comes in a creek from the lUgldauds back on either side. On these streams from head to mouth, with few exvopiious, are good farming lauds. At this time there aru hun dreds of thousand of acres of land lying idle, waiting for tho industrious farmer to fence ami plow and rniso grain on. Hut what is tho use? There is no market for grain, except in limited quautltios, as we have no facilities for shipiiinB to the ojtside world. Tim causa. quenco is that if a man doesn't have enough muiiey vo gu inio me siock business Jie wont come hero at all. ThoouoEreat trouble here is vo get our supplies. When a man witli a largo family has to go 150 and sometime 200 miles to mill and to do his tradim.'. what is the use of settling iu such a country. If wo had a railroad somewhere on th coaitwcst of hero, and running Hast so as to uiuncit.wilh somo ol tho through lines it would open up tnuuMims iii u(M i.irius ana i.onics. As soon as it li a settled fact that the Ore gon Pacific will bu built, just whisper the tid ings that there is such n country as this, and ouly lying across thr mountains from the Wil lamette valley, and there will be such a stream of emigration across thu Cascades m was never More seen. Thu famous l'aloiuo country w ill never lio heard of again. Our soil is just as productive as then, and tho climate hero is a irrcat deal milder, but tliuv have transportation and wo have not. (iivo us a railroad and we aro satitfied; it is all that is needed t make this one of tho most pro.,, lierous localities ou tho coast. Within & var after the completion of a railroad to this locality, thu people over in your section will be surprised at the vast amount nf i-min r. ceived from here. Your w hole valley and the U..K...I .-...M. ...Ill l. 1.'. , .l ... 1 p wttHttj mi, in, nuiuiiieti wim siock from here. As it is now wo liavo to drive our fst cattle from one to two hundrevd miles in the winter to find a market, and by the time we get them there they are poor. Oive us a railroad and we can ship our fat stock AflO miles to market and attonl to sell cheapxr than those who live in your valley. Wo do not liavo to feed at all. We mark ami braiul a calf turn him out on the ran ire and when ha js four-year old sell him for $20 cash net m-uniauoui u. jkk.s mat pay? Uive us facilities for getting to a better market, and it win pay ueiier. Our whole country is either the btst of larnung or grazing land, and if a railroad is run through it every acre will be worth from $10 to 10(). Nearly all the land belonging to the Cascade Mountain Wagon Itoad Company in this sectiou is of the very best, and as it is not now for sale it retards tho settlement of the country very much. It would be very a rauroou snoum run through BEE CULTURE. t " - We clip an excellent article upon this sub ject, and it opens a curious mibject; that of giving the bees a comb all ready for the honey. "Verily, man hath sought out many inven tions," but this is tho oddest of all, helping tho busy bco along with hls.industry. A gieat quantity of honey is brought hero from Cali fornia, but it is not pear as good in flavor as our own Oregon honey, as wo know by per sonsl observation. We liought from Mr. Martin, of Washington county, somo that was of very excellent flavor and color. l'erhop in no field of modern Industry, whose watchword la nronrrsa. nml ivVnun un cial characteristic is economy of muscular power, is the Importance of scicntiflo method more strikingly exemplified than in bco cul ture. Could tho dreamer of a century ago have looked into the amain mlrmr it tl,.. future, 1 think tho mighty engines of our day that chisel and planu and mould solid Iron as it were jiottcr's clay, or that do tho most delicate work with an accuracy and an oao that tho human oyo and hand could never equal, would hardly have astonished him moro than would thn sight of ono of our gieat mod ern aparics, with its bees pasturing upon acres pirrmo corn fodder. I mt to pack close down upon the fodder to exclude air. Ono thing strike us as very Im portant, and that is, to know for a certainty Tho rood result which hiinv nvrsnns obtain ml U.t vi.jir in nittlnr, rnni fn,l.lor i..t. tl.;. that there Is no aotttiiicr of corbonio acid I ... ., ,',. ..,. ...,. . I" tho pit, alter a considerable openina i ,r mo iiaKiug ..i many piu, or suo, lor mai)c. A mim g0,lg llt(, ft place !,,,, sy, tnis purpose, all over the country. So that if this gas ns ottcn in deep well is over there is tho least question as to tho utility of powered liefore ho knows it, falls nml drown valuable iu here. As you go east from here along the line of the military road the valleys get a great deal larger, the soil moro productive, the climate milder, and the timber is of a better quality, and there is more of it, and th country is capable of sustaining a very large population, but without a railroad itwillalway hav to be devoted exclusively to stock raising. Sir Alexander Cockbum. Lord Chir Jmtlna WKaglasJ, Udead. r ....T.I..H.. ..i.i... i . . . . ui KiKiiiiiy cumvaioti uonoy pianu, raising qucons by the score for tho markot at tho will of their master, and economizing their time mi luimr uy using macnine-maau comiil tihii plates of wax passed between tho rollers of a inaenine como out Iu thin sheets of double hexagonal cells, so perfect that the beos ap prove the work, though they, of course, build them higher. At ono time the cell Imttmna wru mado fiat; but a the bee would always reconstruct them after their own ideas that is, concave, the six side forming three lozen ge meeting iu tno centre, the machiuea were niauo to satiny tho fastidious bee in this par ticular. In the great apiary every scran and shavlm? of old comb Is melted, straiuod and maile into clean, irolden sheets of fnimil.tmn, fox tit iiHuihln'o'canjlujs'liaftho- lieiuasuo nuwer to uo mano now comu out ol old. Wax Is a secretion under tho ring of tho lieu' body. It i thrown off, apparently at will, In tiny scales, which are nlastin from tlmunrmtl, of tho body, and after being laid and molded thuy cool and harden. The bco is an artist wnoso work, liko that of tho fresco painter, must be perfect at first, for thore is no rub bing out or undoing iu any way, except by utterly destroying. Comb foundation hisanothcrand far greater mint man man tnat or saving lanor to the bee; it secures a perfectly ovon, straight comb for each frame. Or into the largo fraino there iiuv ue sot vigui iiuio ono-pouiitl Irumes, each with its foundation "starter," nml If these are placed in a second hive set on the top of the first, the bees will very rarely rear broods in them, but fill them with clear honey. Thus wo liavo tho beautiful little pound frames of capped honey. Tho invention of tno movable frames was of the Utmost importance to bea cultui-iti it un. impossible to have a colony of bees under con trol without it. These frames completely fill thu whole hic, except tho space of almut half an inch between every two frames. You lift off your hive cover, which fits nicelv with. out any fastening, anil your whole colony ii under your eye. If you wish to examine your queen, you nit put one irarro alter another, search for her among tho mass of liees coher ing tho comb, always replacing tho frames carefully without crushing your bees. As a rule, le do not sting. They are the mot patient, lontr-sulToring, gentlest little Kings in llmrotld I liavo cfUu op.ned a hivo in this way. liftiin.' out Iramo after frame, rumnv. ing all the houev from one or more, and to do mis urusuiug on tun nees uy n unci reds with a wiug; stepped upon or otherwise crushed several bees in the operation, and yet without receiving a sting, unless I hail awkwardly lunched a bee or squeezed him against my flesh, when, of course. I deserved mv imiiinli. ineut and took it philosophically. And this without using tho smoker, but of course it is more prudent to use It. Another wonder of modern bcu culture is a peculiar method of extraction the linimv (mm the comb by means of a tin cylinder with a vertical shaft in the centre. It has a bottom. and a tightly fitting cover through which the shaft projects. Thu shaft is furnished with a crank. Sheets of comb, or frames full of comb, are set prcpendicularly iu a framework fitted to the shaft. On turning the crank rapidly the honey flies out bv centrifugal force. Wr. ing intact tho brood cells, if there aro any. Thu honey extracted, thu frame are rutui-mul to tho hives, and tho patient little bees clean up every "smob" of honey, mend every torn cell, if there lo any. and then go to work re filling thu comb with honey. Kxtractcd honey is ceitainly tho perfection of tho product, though honey iu tho comb as vet bring the higher price. I'eoplo say it is because it is snore beautiful to the eye; but thfs cannot lie true. Nerved In a staml of crvstal, extracted of clear honey, golden in color, and ttausluccut as the crystal itself what object more elegant upon a well appiioiut ed tea table! ' " mo procosa, it win soon uo sot at rest by n thousand experimenters. We were much interested iu witnessing tho filling pf tho pits built by tho Messrs. Duck ley Droa., of l'ort Jervis, N, Y., whom ho visited nlwitt tho middlo of September. It has been their habit for many year to put in u largo aroi of sow ed corn, which was cut and put up for curing iu stooks, and afterwards housed or stacked near the barns. This year they Imvo n larger area than usual, n largo part of which they put down in pits for Win ter feeding. This matter of pitting or ensilag. ing orn fodder hai Ken carefully invtstlgated by them, and they liavo made, this year, two pita under the cow Wn floor. These pits aro 22 feet long, 0 feet wide, and 1IS feet deep, side by side, with a two-foot wall bolweou them. They aro walled all around and cemented water-tight. They would answer welt as cisterns. At tho tlmo wo wire there tho work of fil ling wo going on iu full blast A pair of powerful mules wcro at work in tho horse power. Tho feed cutter stood directly behind them, and cut the stalk in hall-Lich pieces at the rate of two ton an hour. It required three men to tend tho cutter, taking tho corn from tho wagon, feeding it to the cutter, and seeing that it wasjpropcrly ahu)ted off into the pitsathrre one man spread it as evenly as IKMslldU tramped it down. At noon and tvrvWWVtli-tlmiigotJnothtajfc and tramped the fodder down a firmly a they could. Ouu man and ono team w ere re quired to haul the fodder from tho field. As oon as a wagon load woe brought into thu barn, tho team was ungeared and hitched to thu empty wagon. In thu field tho teamster assisted iu loading There were thrco men in tho field cutting up tho com and loading tho wagon, Ilius tlio lalior required was as fol low! Two team and ono driver, four men In thu barn ami thrco In tho tiold eight men in all. With this forco thoy were nuttinu in about twenty tons a day. Tho stalks were rather dry; the juice did not squirt out of them when they went through tliocutUr, and thu diallings were not even moist to tho touch. When packed in thu pits, a strong fermoiition sets iu very soon. The corn that had been iackcd tho day hefort. TTnt steaming hot, no doubt having n tcmiiciattire of 110 di'f. to 120 diV. Faint illicit, it had a viiiousodur which w as very sweet and pleasant. Mr. Charles lluekley gnvu us thu figures of t'10 cost of these two pits, which is mi follows! lilmilnif. lliiUjswerkmsi lts.oo Muuiu' bill t Ul.ll Mm to uibt His inuoii,, UiJi). uork. r.'.o-; s.iu as surely as if ho wcro under water, and hi oven less likely to lo rcsuitatcd. Tho way to anow wiiotcr a man can enter with safety, M to lower a lantern, which, if it burn freely, it shows that thero I not a dangerous proper lion of gas in tho air of tho pit. WHEAT SEEDING. Bow Happiness U Secured. Happinus is tho absence of pain or annoy anco, and wherever there is pain there is disease. A psin in the lower ortion of the body Indicates a disorder of some kind. If mere is any ooor or color of deposit in tho uriue it means disease and requires attention at one. We have heard many of our friend speak of the remarkable jiower of Warner's Safe Kidney and Liver Cure and are convinc ed there is nothing so certain and valuable for all disorders of the urinary system both male and lemalo. liilUorUuio and Cciimit. TuUloutlsr IJV0.M This does not include anything for stone, for the stones taken out of tlio pit were sulll- cient for tho walls, and moro too. Ncithu is any charge mado for Mipuintmdciiu-, .u.d no doubt it would lio lair to udd fully ten per cent, for tho supervision, and actual lalior, which ut ono tiuio or another the tanner him self gave, or say $123 iu all. There wo fiO barrel of cement used, and about half rsmiieh lime, part of which, 8 bbls, was very uood. and tho rust, 60 bushels, cheap andol a low grade. Thu proportion of itaiia to cement and limu in thu mortar with whluh the walti were laid up, was about two-thirds, but iu coating over thn surface touudo the wholo water tight, nearly puro cement was mod. 'I bus thu pits weiu lifted, each one receiving its quota of ten tons, mora or less, being well trodden down, allowed to settle over night and again trodden down iu the morning beloro work, all hands lieuig engaged in thu tumipiug. hen full as possible, settled and tramped, and beviiiniiig to htat in the top layers, It is covered with six inches of lor.g rye straw any other straw will answer and this, with a later of planks. cut to fit crossways, but not so long as to bind. Stones aru piled or rather laid upon thu plauhs so that fully oua hundred pounds to tho square foot resis iiihiii the fodder Thus it is left for Winter u-e. Filled full, one of thesa pits will hold, sixty turn. That is, containing as they do over :i,0U0 cubic foot, or 2,100 bushel at fifty pounds to tho bushel, which tho comprtssui moist, and, almost solid feddtr will wiigh this is equal to 120,008 IU,, or 1)0 ton. As to the keeping, there can be uo question, if thu work is properly done. A brisk fer mentation comes ou, as wo have seen a it docs in a tub of apple pulp for makinu cider. I thu air has very slight access it will go on iu McCor, Folk Co., Nov. 10, 1880. Kditor Willainetto Karmert Hy your consent, I will try to say a few words, and also ask a few questions, on the all important subject of wheat growing. As tho tlmo Is at hand for seeding, tho amount Of seed to sow to the aero is what I wish to alk almut. From aomo causa thero is a great Jfcf- forenco of opinion on'this point; somo ssy 1 bushels, and somo 1),. and others say 2 bush els. I think 1 J bushel la a near right a we can come at it. When wo ow this amount, It ha a chanco to spread to tlio proper thick no, and thero is no danger of crowding It; on good now land our grain will be a thick with this amount of seed a it would be with 2 bushels, and I am very sure tho heads will be larger; if they will not I would like to ask why it i we always fiud the finest and largest hcada in our grain field on the taoii where the seed has been thinly put on, and give it a chanco to ipread to the preyer thickness. There is no doubt that to sow 3.' bushels on old land we will have more staHu than we would to put on leu seed, but Mm Stalks .tyill l"U!Oia0i,s.jnall .'-;- ajjm; bear lsigo head) but when' we' put on 'ft amallcr quantity of aeed, then it can spread to, just what tho land is sblo to bear, and then the stalk will lio larger and tho head alto, and I think thero I no doubt but we will get a better yirld. Yet, thero is something about it that I confess I do not undcrstandt That is why wo should even sow as much as a bushel and a half, because every farmer know tliat every kernel that grows, on an average, will produce fifty grains, and this is equal to fifty bushels to ono of su d, or suventy-llu to our bushel and a half of seed, ou know, Mr. Kditnr, that It is a very uncommon thing to get that amount in this part of tho country; we think wo aro doing very well to get SO bushels. Now, it appears from this that two third of our seed is lost. Iu tho year 1877, iu this State, there was 31.1,750 acre of land sown to wheat, and it would take 010,020 bushels of wheat to seed that amount of land, calculating at one bushel mid a half per acre; and then twu-thliiU of this amount of seed would be :ii:i,700 busheli, which Is totally lost; and thu averago yield in 1877 was only 20 bushels per acre, which makes tho loss still greater, I would llko to hear from somo of our good fanner ou this subject. Samuel ItomiiNa. The bodv of Can. J. J. llrrnn nuvntlu killed bv Indiana njiAi Fnrt fluttman !. I... I recovered. ultimate decay ! but if it is kept out. tho little air at first present is driven olf by the car bonic acid gas which is formed aiiathf mas cease to ferment, ami remains as If it were in an air tight cxmj. There Is, however, a slight au.e of air upon the surface and it action upon tho juice in the straw ana upr layer oi loiiuer is iub eiioiiuu to niaiuuMii an atmos phere of carLouio acid gas over the mass and in the straw which is liko a rubber blanket, confined as it is beneath the plank. The stable will be replaced over the pits, and when tilt time come for feeding there will bj uo going out in storms anil "slush" and ioj to haul in the fodder from out-of-door pits, but tho floor will be taken up over a sufficient space, and enough feed removed from oue end for two ilays, when it will bo packet I down again and covered closely. We think rubber blanket, tarpaulins, canvas, or any coarse ototk Belated with bailed oil, weald t excel- Proveuttnz Oaut lu Wuiat. Hi pretty generally believed by wheat (armors that Milestone or sulphate of copper will prevent smut iu wheat, ut least farmer quite generally practice rolling their seed in this mixture before sowing, nnd Kllcvo it pays to do so. It is well, however, sometime to have a thing that is generally believed proven, su that thu belief may amount to great knowledge, l'rofessor lllouut, ef the Colo rado Stats Agricultural College, has hcwi ex perimenting with wheat to determine whether there is really any virtuu in thu bulestonu to pruteut smut iu wheat, 'lie cultivated lost ytar 71 varieties of wheat. Ono half of each variety of seed sown hu wet with sulphate of copper before sow iuif, am! the other half he sowed dry. Tim I'riusiati, Whitu Chili, uud Canada Club smutted from both tba wet and dry sio I. F.levcu varieties from tho dry t cl smutted, but not from thu wet seed, while twtuty varieties did not smut either from thn wet orury mil, i ins whs a to eleven var ieties proof that thu Milestone is a good pre ventive of smut, and loufiiiu thu impression of iu efficacy for this purpose. Splitting Wood. Seeing a boy trying his best to split a sec tion of wood, which would not yield to his axe, 1 showed bim au old method, by which he readily split it. He struck "fair ami square" many time in the same place, but did not twist lilt helvoat the moment of strik ing the wood, Tho secret of spliting is simply to "ilop" the axe, thus making use of the poll of the axe as a leaver tho moment it enters. While this mit'inl seems to be pretty gener ally known to tho woodsmen ol thu Central and New Knglaud States, the chopK.rs of thu West and South, and all old countrymen that lutve comu under my observation, know uotli ing of it wlutovcrj frequeutly suiting a dozeu times, where one well directed blow with a "twist of thu wrist" would readily part the stick, I find this motion very effective iu spliting our wesUru maple, cedar, balsam. ai4 ower tougb wood. k rt An J w I ' M -U.
