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VOL. XII.
WHKUK TO FIXI U.S.
People wishing to call on us
while in E'ortliiuil Mill plrnsu
twke notice flint wo arc on Ash
street, between First and Front,
opposite Kniipp, l.iirrell A: i'o.'s
hard ware store, up stairs.
KRniRI.KHmr rT.inr.lr.Uo look nl llir
rtnlr n Ihrlr tnf, nml In ease llirrr I nnv
rn-orn, please Inrorm u when, nml where
anil In whom nmnrywiis pnlil Hint lint nui
been credited.
8IUSLAW AGRICULTURAL (SOCIETY.
Second Annual Meetlns-Llst of Premiums
Awarded at the Last Meetlng-A
Decided Success.
Si unlaw, Oct. 2.', '880,
IKdltor Willamette Farmers
Tho Sinslaw Agricultural Society held tliclr
-second annual fair, licginning Oct 20lh anil
l&atliiu two davs. Tho following la A list of
those who received premiumi.
Hoiwks. Dcst 3-year-old itml, let pro
mium, John Simpson. Ucst 1 -year-old (illy
and suckling colt, 1st premium each, 1'. 1'
Davis.
, 8iiF.Er. Oxfordshire Duck, 1st prem., D.
II. Colciuan.
Hooa. Ucrkshiro boar, 1st prem., Gcorgo
Simpson. IJcrksliiro boar, 2nd prem., I). II.
'Coleman.
Poultiiy. Silver spangle, 1st prem., Men.
-Simpson. Cochin, 1st prem., Killa Simpson.
Vr.n ktaiilk. Potatoes. Leopanls, tiecr
less, lialtimolo, bluoi and incshanics, 1st prem.
each, F. SI. Nighsuaiuler. I'each Llow, early
Goodrich, 1st prem. each, Geo. Landrith.
Karly Goodrich, 2nd prem., F. M. Nlghsuan
der. liirly .-ose, 1st prem., P. F. Davis.
Wlliii Hid no. 1st nreiu.. I). ILCpUumii.
- . rt .' . rMrsvr?1rfTXfaf1
Tlcaua. Pinkeye, msrrowfat, Chili and pea
beau, 1st prem. each, P, F. Davis. Calico
"bean, 1st prem., fleo. Laudrith. Corn. King
'Phillip, 1st prem., 0. A. Crow. Pop-corn,
1st prem., lien Simpson. Pumpkins. Mam
moth tours, 1st prem., h, A. Jackson.
'.Squash. 1st prem., J. A. J. Crow. Duck
akin, 1st prem., J. Crow, Beets. Sugar
v beets, 1st prem., K. A. Jackson. Student
Parsnip 1st prem., K. A. Jackson.
FrnilT. Apples. Hairbo, Baldwin, yellow
bellllower, whito bellflower, fall queen, w Inu
'sap and Cook's favorite, 1st prem. each, F. M.
Righsuandcr. (lloria mundi, 1st prem., yel
low Iwllfiowcr, 2nd prem., W. I. Coleman.
Oohlen russett, Virginia weening and arck-ho-further,
1st prem. each, white lielllowcr, 2nd
prem,, Geo. Landrith. Pears. Deanjaur,
butter. Winter ncllis, Jersey Wakefield, lit
-prem. each, John Simpson. Jersey Wakefield,
Winter licllis, 2nd prem. each, Gen. Landrith.
Grapes. Native, California, 1st prem., Jessie
Coleman,
Ckiiealh. Clawson and Oregon club, 1st
prem. each, F. M, Nightuander. Coleman
'wheat, 1st prem,, 1). II, Coleman. Defiance,
1st prem., K. A. Jackson. White velvet, 1st
prem., Clawson, 2nd prem., John Simpson,
Oats. Hopcrton, 1st prem., F. M. Xightiiau
der. Potato oats, 1st prem., K. A. Jackson.
Silver oats, 1st prem., John Simpson, Timo
thy seed 1st prem,, F. M. Nighsuauder.
' Xkcdlkw obk, ktc. Odds ami ends mat, 1st
prem., Mattio Garred. Hand knitting, Mrs.
M, Crow, 1st and 2nd prem. Machine limit
ing, 1st prem., Mrs. A. J. Nighsnauder.
Dress, 1st prem., Mrs. A. J. Xightuandcr.
Dead chain, 1st prem., Mattle Garreil. Iload
chain, 2nd prem., Lyda Simmons. Knit col
Jar, 1st prem., Josie Simmons.
1'E.NXussinr. K. C. Clayton, 1st prem.;
W. N. Crow, 2nd prem.
Pastilk Dkavvimi. J. Simpson, 1st prem
Cousanv. Cake, 1st prem., ltllla Simpson.
Canned fruit, 1st prem., Jane Simpson; '.'nd
prem., Lyda Siimrons.
I -u - J
Bereavement.
We are aorry to learn from the Jacksonvillu
,.Tiiiie, of the allllction that has licfallen the
family of an old friiud. It says: Itertie,
third son of A. W, Presley of Jacksonville,
departed this life last Sunday, sft-r an llluev,
of about two weeks. He was a bright little
fellow and his death will be regretted by hi
playmates, with whom he waa a favorite, all
of whom turned out on the day of the funeral.
The bereaved parents have the sympathy of
all in their sad affliction.
Frank a. Aboil
This gentleman now stands at the head of
hit class aa an artist. At the late Mechanics'
Vair, Abell's display was one attractive
feature, and we cannot endorse him aud his
work too highly. When visi ting Portland ca 1
ad ace him.
A BELLER EPEAK3.
One of tho gentleman who helped to make up
tho thoimtid tons of wheat that wo said Inst
week hid been "pooled" to make ft "Mull-,"
writes us ns follow si
Poktlaxp, Oct. 2Sth, 18S0.
lalitor Willamette Farmeri
J laving In your piper of VStli taken such i
pronounced stand In ndvising tho farmer to
withohl his wheat from silo until freight m.v
t ri.illy decliiio, will you not In their in
terest in licit weeks issuo ho exact and
definite in pointing out your reasons for such
conclusions, rather than to assert generaliza
tion on tho subject without detail? It seems
from such information as the general render
obtains in looking over tho market icporla
that you mlstnto same circumstances of public
notoriety, thoicforo I have written this letter
thus rally after your Imuo of yesterday, that
you may havo tho week in which to verify thu
following declarations therrin contained.
Aud I ask you in the interest of tho farimr,
as well as ignorant wheat buyers to be exact
and critical. You say, "ovcrydaybriiigsword
from Asiatio anil other ports that ships have
heard of our big cropi, and that wo are short
of tonnago and have pointed their noses to
ward the Golden Gate and Columbia river."
Plcaso to (rive the name of recent departures
for tho Columbia river from named points of
departure, so that their timo of arrival can bo
co iiputed. Again, "a Front street friend tells
us that he hears of twenty-flvo vessels coming,
tot generally known." Plcaso to givo this in
formation in detail, as it will greatly
strengthen your imsitiuu, unit your friend 1
after all no friend if he docs not substantiate
it. '"Tho tumble in freights had already com
nlcnccd on Tuesday when two vessels were
chartered in San Francisco at OSi and Gils
respectively." Will you state whether or not
tboio were notlarge wooden ships aud thorato
youglve was for Liverpool! If not, hnwdoyod
account for thoohartcroftholargewooileiiship',
Cbcfebroiifedi, Conqueror, Occidental, Oriental
and'Luclle notified on Wednesday at 71s 0.1,
U. K. Is this an advanco fitim Tuesday to
Wednesday? Also will you disagrro to the
pioposition, which, is nevertheless the truth,
that these charters for large wooden carriers
are on a parity and equivalent to "A iron for
haudv vessels to U. K., which has been tho
average highest rate there?
Again, you state that "freights are olTcriiig
at Portland at 72s (hi U. K., which is a drop
of a tnlle within a week," concealing the fact
that'eharter of the Simpson, a large wooden
vessel was made at this rate, and the Cliandos,
larger still holding for the samo figure. You
might also have stated the Childers, small
iron, chartered on Wednesday at a price
known to be above 70s 17. K., had you been
disposed to givo all the facts bearing on the
freight situation. Agaiu you say i "A food
iron ship was chartered at San Francisco on
Wednesday, nt 71s (M U. K." If you cannot
prodt'.e th name of thin eliin I sh ,11 hold it
the mistatvmeiit it undoubtedly is. You mo
pleased to designate as bears those of thu
grain buying fraternity who are disposed to
givo tho farmer all his wheat is worth, taking
height and the Liverpool market into ac
count, mid deride their sale of a thousand tons
of w heat nt 81. 10 per cental, to a speculator as
if it hail been done to cruah him aud the mar
ket, whereas, to a mind of ordinary vumpie
heiuiou, miifht it no strike one us beinua
ligitimate ti.iiiMctiou to sell a epecuhtur
wuc.it, if no nics iiiuiu fur it tlu,i it is unt-i
to sell in Liverpool, 1 Uku it tuut tlieiu I.
not a heat buyer in Portl mil but ttiat will
avail hiuuclf of such an opportunity if he can,
and it is ungenerous -ml uujutt to pio
claim ituu eiiort to brtak the inaiket. As
la.t n the country holdti uill Jet go 01
uheat it now goes to thoso specula
tore who are paying more for it
than is worth. Suppo.o hereafter wheat
aiancea so that the prmciit speculator
is enabled to sell at a profit? Do 0'i mean to
argue, if so, that te should all turn to be
speculators? Your course aud yi.ur advice all
leads to such a conclusion, but I must inform
you that the legitimate dcilera in this market
aiu not in t e busiiieM for purKMe of specula
tion If wheat freights and the foreign mar
kets cau be made to meet so that he operator
can get pay lor tils time ana trouble
It leads to business, otherwise the gen
eral s'sgnaucy prevails that you may have
noted iu this market for some tune past Xo
shipper is cornered for wheat or for ship and
you do common sense an injustice to aver it.
There are no ships here but that get despato ;
if a large number of ships were in our waters
pressiug for charter, it might be inferred, but
the contrary is so ebviously the case that
it it a foolish declaration if made. No one
would more eagerly herald the advent of cheap
ships than the subscriber, but I do not want
to re4t my Jaith on their arrival to the vagaries
of the speculative coterie who have your ear,
PORTLAND, OREGON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1880.
and I thoicforo call upon you to innko t,'ond
your claim by producing fact mid flgnrf'v
Hut, suppoio freight arc cheaper four month
from now, do you counsel a tolil smpcinion
of business until then? For such it will result
in if your advice is carried nut. I know, from
the verv boU of data, tint holders for iron
shipi due infriuuUO toDOdnva nt this port,
reject oilers of 70 shillings freight, nml thit il
n bigger straw of indication, to my mind,
than nil jourilhupiitltions nu the subject.
Yours truly, SuLLK.n.
IIKI'LV.
"Seller" (?) ropiest us to publish the above,
which wo do with pleasure. Wo think, how
ever, tint ho mado n mlslako in signing him
self "Seller," for it Is evident from his argu
ment that ho is, without doubt, n "buyer.
and ho would havo done better to sign himself
ns such. Wo shall answer all his criefs In ti
short, business-like manner. On tho whole
wo think his letter very weak, very long with
few fncts. It'is to bo deplored that he wrote
snstion after our last issuo instead of waitins
for nsw developments, in which caso ho might
havo dispensed with answering us. Wo again
say that word it continually brought from
Avntioand other ports that shipi liavo hcaid
of our big crops and that wo are short of ton
najo and havo pointed their notes towards tho
Golden Onto and Columbia river. Seller (?)
wants tho names and times of sailing. , Wu
admit that wo cannot givo names of ships fin'
this port, but. know of two or throe vessels
having recently sa'lcd from thu single port of
Shanghai or thcrcalout, and "Seller" (?
should know by this timo that we do not
claim nn over supply just now, in this port,
hut wc do claim Unit California can send us
somo at an advan;e of 7a (Id ovir rates there,
and ships have lately claimed that they could
Wave here for San Francisco nt a cost of 2s Oil
per ton.
"Seller" (?) wants Information of twenty
five ships, unknown, supposed to bo coming,
but wo cannot give it, aa he knows wo are do-
pendent on exporter, whose interest am i'"1
to give upaitieu!ar Information. HeiihSI
us to state that reported charter at OS aud
(IDs wcru large wooden ships, which wo do.
o alio confirm i ur statement made last
week by reading in the Commercial Herald of
San Francisco of samo date na our last, that a
slight decline in freight had tiken place. It
mentions thrco charters to U. K. at 71 G1.
Ihit wo can agree vt ith him that these charteia
are on a parity and equivalent to 7f to U. K.
for handy iron vessels aud show; that ho errs
in chimin;; that as highest average rate, Tho
Jaice wooden ship Win. II. Conner was ohnr.
tciidnt 74s diicct to Liverpool, which, on tho
same Imsi'i of figuring, is on a parity and equi
valent to 81s for a handy iron vessel to U. K.
lie also o nisei us to rcpoit thu charter of thu
iiiisll iron ship "Diiiulonahl," on Friday last,
nt the ratoof70i to Liverpool direct, which,
accniding to hi own figures, equals (Kit for
a largo w ooden ship, which is a positive decliuo
in frc'ght of 6s n ton from the highest price
named. Now, theto are facts that cannot bo
denied, iii our friend ,s.t.r (?) knows. Hu
says tho Chanilns is holding for 75s, which
amounts to little as argument, for wo have
heard of ships in this river refusing (Us, and
attcr a iWeutiou of a year, or thereabouts,
chattering at tho low into i'f -10.
Wu frankly admit that as to the iron ship
cha'terediuSun Fiauciscu at 71s M our in-
foimaut should have said to Liyerpool instead
ol 17. K., hut thu mistake was unintentional.
Vit, there who the kiiiiio week three charters
tic eii 7U (M L. K,, probably wooden
i..iii. vvunavu intended to hu correct. The
chaiter of tlio ' lliuuloiiahl" doesn't vary
much from that reported, however, us it wasn
small hdiuly ship.
Seller (?) argues tli.it the sal of 1,000 tons
(a lioyii.li game, widen, by-thu-by, did them
harm) was a legitimate transaction, and, if so,
how does he account for it that part or all of
that w''eat was borrowed from interior mer
chants? That thh sile wa mado Ui break tlnv
market was so plain aud clusivo a to need no
no argument. Seller pretends to lie no specula
tor in wheat, but wo nro inclined to believe
that he is a speculator in freight, and so is
n'lxio'ii aliont liv" ' wheat He writm
that ship am iuv in ijlil k dispatch, but doe
not mention that they are partly loaded with
bonoucil wheat.
"Seller" want to know if wo counsel a total
suspension of husiiica3 for four months. We
do nothing of the kind, knowing that the ship
coming within that time have to bo loaded.
He knows, he says, that holders reject oiler
of 70 for the future, and thinks thit a better
indication than all our disouititinns, but we
do not see il in that light. Stifliitoa of ship
owners doe not necessarily mean higher
freights.
Last year in he month of October' the re
ceipt of wheat here v. ere 4.13,07U sack against
240,200 sack the present year, much of which
it consigned by farmers and country dealers.
"Seller says because ship owner are stiff
freight will rule high. Why cannot we aa
well say that a farmers are stiff wheat will
ruin high? "It is a pocr rule that w on't work
both way."
WHEAT.
.In Interostlns'Artlclo on tho Origin of Wheat
New York Times.
Wheat Is ono of thoso plants whoso origin
is unknown. It is an emblem mid noises-
siou of civilization, industry, and refinement.
It is grown only by the best fanner aud in
civilized communities, nml IU consumption
mnrks in nn equivalent degrco tho social con
dition of tho peoplo of whom it Is tho stiff of
life. Xo barbarous or unrefined peoplo culti
vate this plant. It history licgins with that
of civilization, and a far back as written his
tory (which is a record of civilization only)
carries us wo find wheat to havo been grown
for food. No wild varieties of wheat have
ever been known, nor has It over been found
grow lug naturally. If tho generally accepted
rulo nmong botanist i correct, viz. that tho
locality where tho grcitett number of know n
Mierica is found indigenous ! tho probablo na
tive placo uf the genus, then Pcrisa and adja
cent part of
INDIA II TIIK rLACK Or NATIVITV.
Tho most ancient historians assert that
wheat was found growing spontsneously in
their age, and the botanist and traveler
Michsud found spelt (Triticum spelta, a
species of wheat no grown in Germany)
growing wild on a mountain not far from
Hanmdaii, in Persia so that, in all probabili
ty, this plant has it natlvo place not far fn5m
the prokible cradle of the human race, and
where the oldest remains of civilization are to
be found. In America, tho history of wheat
seems to dato back to 1530, when the Span-
lard in Mexico found grains of wheat mi.-.cd
with rice, and planted them, and from thcio
havo sprung tho subsequent crops of Mexico
and a well, in nil probability, the deteriorated
wheat since found growing spontaneously in
parts oi uaiiiornia. vvneat ol excellent imallty
which wchihed 0.1 to 70 rounds to the bushel.
wsi found growing spontaneously iu largo
patches iu upper Oregon. The iced of tins
was doubtless carried thither by the fur bun
u"" w,' llni l'l " Territory.
til A.N (1M IN W1IKAT.
The fact that wheat is susceptible of tho
most surprising change in tho courao of culti
vation would seem to give some forco to th
opinion that It ia an improvement ou some
inferior variety. For it ia well known that
nil wheat may gradually change into white,
or white into red, by virtue of a change of soil
or climate, and tliat some varieties change
from smooth to bearded and from Itcarded to
smooth without any cau to that can be clearly
identified. It is obseved at the present time
that that popular variety of wheat, Clawson
or Seneca, is gradually changing not only Its
outward appearance but its internal charac
ter, and ia fast losing it unpopularity among
inillem ax a poor wheat for flour, and is now
sought after instead of being refused or ob
jected to in some localities. The curious fact
thatsoiiiowheat (the Treailwell among others)
havo smooth and beanlcd head growing from
tho same root is another fact pointing in this
dlieclioii. So nre the effects upon the ap
pearance, form and quality of the grain that
am produced by the application of saltorlimo
to land upon which wheat is grown, or the
softness given to hard varieties by lilieral fer
tilizing with guano. Climatio changes in
I wheat aio well known to lie very great, and
aiu mat'ers of history as well a of present ex
perience. The Mediterranean wheat when
first introduced waa received with a much
question and objection as tho Clawson ha
been within three year past) but iu ten ytaia
it chaiued so as to produco mure and betti r
lour, anil to liecome greatly more proline.
Indued, every experimenter ha some inteiost
ing experience to relate,
INL-IIKAHK IS TIIK VIKI.II,
Plump wheat of some kinds, brought from
distant places, yield poor, shriveled grain, and
poor, light grain produces plump and heavy
ben its. This has been proved very conspicu
ously tho past year; somepoor,shriinken seeds
of a Spring wheatDefiance when sown an
Fall whe it, yield grain 'of quite a different
character, and the writer ha specimens from
Colorado (sent by Prof. Illouut, from the
Agricultural College) which curiously show a
Vi )n provement in size and quality which
had been made in one year. This peculiarity
is ono of the most valuable characteristics of
wheat, but, at the samo time, it seems to
operate tho other way sometimes, which may,
nevertlitlci, be a servicable fact as compel
ling farmer to become skillful in the culture
and to give scope to the industry of experi
menter lu introducing now ami unproved
varieties to take the placo of others which
mav retmurade in course of time, a nearly
every valuable plant appear to do in the hand
of the farmer.
OOOU CULTIVATION NEZllXII.
Wheat, being oue of the noble plant, re
quire thebest cultivation, or it will detenor
ate. The first step in this direction cause a
decrease iu yield, a weakness in vitality, and
an inferiority iu weight "and sixe of grain.
Its chemical character also change, for a
vigorous plant produce, seed rich in starch,
while a feeble one yields grain rich in gluten.
Thus thu best grain makes tho white and
light bread vv hlch brings peace to tho house
hold, vi hlle the )oor grain makes tho ibvrk,
heavy, sticky bread, which injuie tho diges
tion mid set tho household nil awry. The
good farmer is therefore blessed iu his peace
ful household ns well ns iu his idled barns and
overflowing granary. Wheat thrives best In
n calcareous (limy) clny loamj but with good
management it will vroduco well upon any
soil that is drained and free from standing
water nhout tho roots. It rcquiro a soil that
is mellow, finely puhcrircd, and yet compact
oeiow- mo suriacc, ami mat is somewhat
iinigli or slightly cloddy upon tho surface.
This especial uiinilition is procurrcd by even,
equal plnvv iug nnd thorough ban owing, ami
by drill sowing the- seed is placed in precisely
thu best position lu such n soil. Tho manure
must ho thoroughly well decomposed, for
wheat li n clean feeder, nnd takes its food
wclprvjkircd nnd in n digestible condition.
MI.Nr.KlUS VICHTIMZKR.S KIND1 MO.1T III.NK.
HCIAU
Mineral fertilizers especially useful for this
crop, ns lime, phosphates, potash, and Indeed,
almost any nlknliuo minerals. Salt is espec
ially useful, and exerts n more conspicuous
effect upon tho apicaranco and quality of tho
grain and tho stability of the straw than any
special manure. Salt, used In small quantities,
is not antiseptic as when used mpro profusely,
but has tho samo effect a limr iu producing
decomposition of organic matter and in rclcaa
ing potash from, tho soil. Twenty bushels per
acru i no moru than half an ounce to a square
foot of ground, a quantity really very small
indeed, and only equal to ono-slxteenth ot 1
per cent of the soil six Inche deep, and yet
many farmer havo an idea that five buskels
per acre I exccaslvo and Injurious. The fact
is quite contrary to this, ami tho larger quan
tity ia not only iierfootly sate, but it may be
mod every year for many year with safety
and with good effect When used with wheat
uvon in so small n quantity a live buthelt, it
lias neeii lonau to nave u marued ellect on
tho crop, itiffeniu aud brightening the straw
and producing n thin, clear, bright skin on
the grain. Tho season for applying salt is
when the young wheat begin to corcr tho
ground, and again in tho Spring. Itaw larn
yard manure is not a proper fowl fur wheat,
and unless n lilieral ill easing of lime i used at
the samo time it it positively injurious, a it
encourage a free growth of straw, resulting
very often iu lodging of tho crop nnd in rust.
A well prepared compost in which tho manure
is reduced to through decomposition is admir
ably adapted to the rcquirments of this grain,
which, from it high cultivation, continued
from it earliest history, lis acquired the lies
estlty for tho very best method of culture.
It is, therefore, a crop which is only success
fully grown cither iiion tho fresh rich soil of
newly cleared land, or upon old land that ha
been put into the heat condition by draining,
frequent manuring, and by tho destruction of
weeds.
BUMMER-FALLOWIHQ LAND.
Dona, Coo Co., Oct. 27, 1880.
Ivlitor Willamettu 1'armen
Seeing iu your valuable paper the question
of summer-fallow iuj.', eto., and how to keep up
the productiveness of Oregon lauds, I thought
I would tell the readers my view iu regard
to it. Now, in tlio first place, wo all know
that n gt eat share of tho Oregon lands, that
are cultivated, are getting poorer every year;
u great deal of the old lauds will hardly pay
for farming'. Now, theie is a cause for tlda.
It is becauto those lauds are farmed year after
year and nothing put upon them to enrich
them again. It is an evident fact that there
ha got to be a chaugu made iu funning, and
my uiodu of doing tliat would bo not to crop a
piece of Und moru than three or four years
and then seed it down to grass, and pasture it
ur mow it for four or live year, to let the
laud rest and recuperate again. One-half of
every man's farm should be seeded down to
grata is it will pay far better than raising
grain will, Ix-t a man seed down a piece every
Fall aud plow up a piece of hi oldest grass
laud and he will soon find out that his lauds
will increase iu productiveness instead of de
creasing, and there will bu less grumbling by
farmers that farming will not pay excuses.
I will dote now with my best wishes for tho
success of tho Fahmkii,
Y ur with rcsprtt,
R W. TmirKiNs.
I IP J ' s
Property in Lake County,
An exchange hat gathered from the assess
ueut roll of take county for 1880, that the
irross value of property iu the county is esti
mated at gl.OID.OXJ. There are 30,087 acre
of land valued at 9122,222, or $3.80 per acre.
Tho land of the C. O. Military Wagon
itoad Co,, valued at 40 cent per acre, foot
up to the sum of 9110,0:13, Town lot, im-
firovemeuta, merchandise, iinplemeuta, notes,
louschohl furniture, U?., make a total of
9310,030. Livestock is valued as follows,
6,732 horses aud inule,at92t)ahead,91G2,l(J0;
21,302 cattle at 911 head, 92G8.0M); 1H.30U
sheep, at 91.33 a head, 924,470; 32 swine at
92.10 ahead $2,110. After subtracting all
exemptions, the total valuatiou of tbe taxable
property i placed at 9708,517.
NO. 38.
SALEM. CAPITAL OP OREGON.
Tho Daily Town Talk, of Salem, under dato
of October 27th, say!
Our capital city should bo talked about oc
casionally by her own inhabitant. If we
look back ft few years wo will ace that Salem
lues had mora vitality than is generally ac
corded to her. When tho railroad was built
to Salem nml boyoud, little towns sprang up
on cither lido of this city, some five or six in
number. These town drew t ratio from
Salem. Tho pressure was felt here and pro,
pcrity of the city was affocted by this compe.
tition. Salem, howover, held her own to
great extent, but did not advance in the right
direction. '1 ho woolen factory burned down)
this was another calamity to our city.
Viewing tho past history of Salem more in de
tail, we wonder that there is any city at alL
Added to theso unavoidable draw backs, wa
havo had falsohood and gossip enough con.
corning Salem to keep it down. It haa beea
reported a sickly place. No greater false
hood has sho had to contend with than this
ono; there is not a city in Ortgonmore health
than Salem, and but few if any, can claim to
be as healthy. This is becomiug more and
more patent every day. Then again, when
alio ia not sick she is dead, After bleedloir her
from every possible part of her cornoraU
body, she presents a somewhat vigorous
corpao. She has lost the factory population,
her medical school, the patronage to a great
extent of the six or icven towns along th
railroad in this county, and that drawn off by
railroad on the west side. These losses wen
not brought alwut by any act ot Salem po
pie, but wro the result of factitious circum
stances. Salem to-day ia on an
excellont footing. Sho will start out again
for tho fraud achievement in city develop
mcut She has her flouring mill owned by
Kinney llros. Tho capacity of this mill to
second to none on the coast; and aboitH'
Capital Flouring Mills owned by Hurst k
Bros) fJideui haaher foundrla. and maohiaa)
shops; her several manufacturing establish'
incuts, beginning on a scale that will insure
glorious future for thorn, ainosg which are oil
mills, of G. W.Gray & Sons; manfacture of
spring beds, by Kde & Durkee; Augers, by
Foiuer& Walton; the broom factory Ac, Ac.
All of which are under the charge of enter.
prising men. All these things will be giants
iu their way in a few years. New buildings)
are going up in different parts ot our city;
stores aud neat dwellings, llualne i good
and increasing. For several years business
has not been so good in our city a during the
fall of 18S0, our business men feel this truth
very sensibly,
i i i mvBmvnsss-si
BOROHUM CULTIVATION IN YAKIMA.
Itohcrt Dunn write tho Yakima Record aa
follows)
"In compllaiico with your request I civs
you a few notes .detailing my experience in
the culture ami manufacture ot syrup and
sugar from .Minnesota early amber sugar cane.
I received the seed from Mr. lirenU, our Dele.
gate to Congress, last Spring, planted fit 78
roils of laud and its after culture was in all
respects tho samo as for corn and when cut it
would avcragu fully 0 feet in height aud of
excellent quality. All who examined the can
declared it to be exceedingly rich In juice and
of extra sweetness compared to that growu in
the Mississippi valley. It is moreover not so
sensitive to host a com. Iu making it into
syrup ami sugar I had to use tho crudest kind
of a mill for extracting tho juice, tho roller
being of lir timber were, when soaked with
Juice, too, soft to press it out and I lost clear
one-half of the crop, Theso and former ox.
periencc4 prove that tho most dense and
richest in sugar was w hat was left in the can
and what I gut mado 42 gallons of dense syrup,
A sample I gavu Mr. A. W. Lachapellu crys
tallised iu ten days without any chemical
treatment. That which 1 treated with chem
icals gave clear crystalizod suirar but for
want of a suitable press I have not separated
it from tho molasses. Tho lesson 1 havo
learned this season Is! There is no dllllcultv
in making sugar and syrup, both of good quaf.
ity, although the treatment of the juices for
iiuar must lie different here than in tlio Kut
on account of tho alkali character of our toil
which the juice shows when tested. And I
am satisfied that all that is required it acid to
neturalize the alkili and by boiling the juico
a dense as possible you will have sugar every
time by keeping that up to about 80 ileg. fahr.
in from two to teudavs. I have saved consiil
erahlu seed which is Ires alike to all without
regard to sex, color or previous condition."
The Nshslta Valley,
The Astorian, speaking of valuable land for-
settlement say! Koine of the beat laud of
this vicinity along the proposed road from
thu head of tho Necanlcuui to the lower Kelia
lent. Some ot tho valley on the north Nelia
lem are entirely clear of timber aud very rich.
A hundred families can find goo. I homes iu
that region. Ifa colony should be formed to
go there they could easily make a wagon road
to connect with the Nscanicum comlm? ilon
on Clatsop plains along the route of an old elk.
trail wuicu is comparatively smooth.
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