TERMS
ADVERTISING RATES.
MS CIMSOt
S2.S0 Per IMtonth
lor an Inch of lulmtlslnir space, fo
the tint inontlii
S4.00 Por JVXonth
lortvolnil.nj
r,,oo Vc Month
Fir Urns iulit, tilth iil-oruMe terms
for loiiu tlmt oihittl'tmcnti.
Legal AtlvcitlM incuts
I'uMMinl en l'ciM'inl.ln Ti'tiin
MOMMAS .111
IMIiIiik Itl-cral space will li.-iio specU
terms; not lew. than il cr month (or
a column ol twenty Initio.
K SUBSCRIPTION
I K X'tK, 111
Willamette Farmer. I
I r.HJIl itn i Itclowftkto I
S2.S0 Por Annum.
Cf Willi tlio tdilt d txrna of an til'
r.rrtillirje c cmnot afford the iximr
fclthnut prepayment at 1cm tliMi
r- ao.oo. to
lm t 1lfl W I 1 K 1 M -bSSSfef
l'rftturour InvdtlA'jkiluri-oullll'
$2,50 in advnce, or
$3.00 after Six months,
nd n c frt (t r to h o y I n Ail I ancc.
VOL. XL
TAKE PARTICULAR NOTICE.
V Tlio partnership lictwccii Clarke K Craig i
awing to a close, mm tlio limine will be
fcnducted after dissolution by Mr. Clarke,
his limitless cliangu ncccasitatcs a closing up
m all account, and collection (if all subscrip-
iiv. Wo have no nltcrnativo but to collect
r ilucs. Mr. Craig will go upon Ills farm,
1 will nectl nil liii menu to mo in tlmt con
tction. Many of thosa to whom wo have
tcly tciit accounts have responded to our
fpeal, and wc return thanks for their prompt
's, limine claims aiul busincii changes
aka it imperative for uu to collect closely.
i'c desire to tay as little as possible in this
mncction. Tlio Collection Ilureau will con
linuo its work, anil tlio second call will have
sharper tone) so wo hojio that no ouo will
!jrco us to make another demand ujion thctn.
Gkugow Bank Director!.
The directors of this institution weio con
cmncd to imprisonment, and tlio Kdinburg
:otmati nay they aro treated liko other
minals, fed on coarse diet, chiclly oat meal
rridge, and mado to work ten hours a day
it stocking-knitting, sack-making and such
ork. They aro dressed in prison garb and
eld to prison discipline. Itchvtivc of tlio
Erisoners aro not permitted to co them until
t the end of three months. They find their
punishment a terrible exchango for tlio l'fo of
ease and luxury they havo hitherto ltd. A
copy of tho Buckingham Advertiser has been
ent to us, from a reader of tho Faiimik, that
kivei an interesting account of tho way these.
Eelinquent directors are treated, who have
brought ruin and misery on so many persons
fcy their dishonest management.
Attention, Stockmen.
Stockmen who have intentions of selling
their stock will please bear in mind that as a
bicdium for bringing the tame before tho pub
lic, the Farmui ba no equal. All notices of
bones and the places they will stand, will be
published at a reasonable price in this paper.
Webfoot Wheat
(Cditor Willametto Farmer!
In your hisuo of Feb. 14th is an article
beaded "Walla Walla Wheat," in which the
Weston Leader, in speaking about tho raising
of lino wheat, saya that in Umatilla County
they can raise n tlner quality of wheat than
can bo raised in any county of tho State west
of the mountains, and makes it as a banter iu
these wordt: "Trot out your Webfoot wheat
grower! and let them make a comparison."
I havo been waiting for some other wheat
grower in the valley to reply, but as none
have, I will tay to the Weston Leader that I
claim to bo a Webfoot wheat grower for the
last 25 yeaM, in tho County of La no and Val
ley of tho Willamette, and I now wish to
b-ive a kindly invitation not only to the best
cheat grower in Umatilla County, but to
those of tho Walla Walla Volley, l'alouse
Country, or any county east of tlio Cascade
Mountains, California and the Kastcrn States,
aid all other natious in the world not ex
cepted, to the next threo State Fairs of Or.
gon in succession, and comjiete for the best
ind finest bushel of wheat, judges to take
nto consideration equality in size, large and
.veil-filled graius, thinness of bran and whito
.nd tino in color, for tlouring purposes. Also
'or the b?st display of wheat, say twenty
varieties. The invitation i wide, and an un
limited one. Nevcrtheles I shall bo happy
:o meet all the grower of tine wheat from
.my other lauds with the production raised
'rom tho datk-brown soil of tho land of Web.
foot, so your Unutillas, l'alouse and Califor
aians do your best. This is ouo way to make
jur Fairs attractive, and that is what we all
Want. d'EOIiliK Helsiiaw.
Celluloid.
A new article called celluloid was invented
oy two brother named Hyatt tome ten years
.go. This tew material has found such favor
that several large factories are in operation in
N'ewark, New .Urtey. It is made of tissue
paper and camphor, and at a close imitation
jf ivory it has superceded the use of that
r.rticle to a ruinous extent ruinous to dealer
n elephant ivory. It can W made as hard as
.vory, but is elavtic, and can be molded into
my form. It is said to be moat detirablefor
jUionl balls, sustaining severe knocks with
ut iujury. Celluloid is twenty-live per cent,
.beapcr than ivory, and so can bo made to
enter into the manufacture of common arti
.'let to advantage. It use in cutlery is desir
able, for it is not cracked or discolored by
aot water. Quantities are used in the man
JUcture pf piano keys, combs, card coses,
jewelry, tvilet articles, etc. It is also used to
nake hirt collar and culls, presenting the
appearance of well-starched lineu, aud i
;igbt and fli xible, cot effected by herspira.
:on, is dnrable, and quickly cleanest by ap
plying oau and water.
Sowing Spring Wheat.
Kditor Willotnitto Farmer!
A the ectson near for the spring towing,
r. few words on the subject may not come
nmi. Though what wo shall offer may only
be based mi our own experience or theoric,
yet we think that n free interchange of opin
ions and experience is tho best wiy to inform
each other, that each may lie benefited by
the cxjiericiitfe and theories of nil.
Many arc in too much hurry to commence
their spring plowing mid sowing just n- toon
as the rnin stop, nnd many don't wait that
long. They put every available team to
tdowing without much reference to the condi
tion of tho oil, and then ivis n ruth until nil
the laud tlicy intend to teed is gone over, nnd
too often, wc fear, the work is j-oorly done.
Our advice it, tint, take it cool. Don't bo
in a hurry to commence your plowing until
the toil is just right. Do not stir the ground
when the newly-tuiiicd toil is slick and glist
ening. .Secondly, commence with your driest
tield llrst, and follow up with the next driest,
etc., iu succession.
Now, when the toil is in proper condition
to ttir, you can use nil tho force nnd speed
you like to accomplish as much n pouible,
ouly don't try to do more than you can do
well. Do not allow the work to lie slighted
in the least degree, under pain of having it to
do over again. Have the boy or hired men
to understand thir, nnd there will be no ditli
culty. So much for the start. Now wu are going
to sow wheat, nnd many of us prepared our
toll by fall or winter plowing. This is a
largo advantage in favor of our coming crop.
And now we want to put wheat in these winter-plowed
land to at to secure the best pat
ible yield, aud in the most expeditious man
ner. Our plan it, t'.rtt run the cultivator over the
field cross-way of the way it was plowed,
then filling and leveling the dead furrows,
and thoroughly stirring the toil. If we have
a broadcast teeder with cultivator attached,
good, but if we mutt tow by hand let it be
done creu-wnys of the tint cultivating, nnd
followed carefully with the cultivator, cover
ing teed from three to four inches deep. The
amount to Ik town -cr a:ro mutt vary accord
ing to quality of soil, as the experience of
each farmer may have determined by actual
experiment. Up to this time you can do all
thit cultivating r.1 fast ai you would plow
again, and n small margin in your favor.
Follow thi immediately with the harrow,
lapping it, to n to go twice over. Now don't
leave thit field until you have gono over it
with the "clodmotner." We would empha
sise the importance of t'clodmashing'' now,
.before the clodt iiry out to they will not nib
to pieces. t
We are ready now to go to tho next lield,
for we can roll it after the beetling i all done,
as it will not hurt to toll any time previous
to jointing, liut rolling may not be dispensed
with, for it i important that tho noil bo
packed down n clovely a possible, to that it
will hold the moisture duriu(ftht- dry teason.
The Argument. Our wheat lands were fall
aud winter-plowed deeply; thui they had the
benefit of the frteie nnd thaw, and the action
of the elements to prepare the toll to receive
the teed. We -e the cultivator nnd thor
oughly stir thit toil, kit pingit (the toil) on top
when we can r.ve H, and thus get the lienerit
of our wiutcr plowing. Whereat, if we plow
it again, we turn the toil down again that ha
received all this preparation, and the tamo
toil up we cropjul hv.t year, which is totally
unprepared to receive the tied. Our experi
ence is that cu winter-plowed lands we can
cultivate licth wayt, uid gain a margin on
plowing it once, and our ground be in better
condition. The harrowing lin'shei pulvt ril
ing the toil, end level up the surface. And
for immediate "clodmaihing" ive have given
the reason that it should bo done before the
clod dry, mi th.t they will not rub to piece.
If the- rule are followed, we think you aro
almost sre tf r. good yield in this valley.
Some may ray that our plan eutails too
much !aW. Q.,r r.i.mer is, -and it it loul
on considerable experience fir the short time
we have Uen engaged in agricultural pur
suits, -ir I'M. And another thing! experi
ence, end observation too, have proved to us
that it doe not ay to put in any more wheat
than we can put .u well. "Whet is worth
doing at all t worth doing well."
CitrcNViirc, 0.-., Mar. IS. J. I). M.
Now Heady. Mr. I'. F. Castlenan, whote
card as veterinary surgeon i elsewhere in thi
paper, inform a that the ntw stable he is to
occupy, comer of Ash and Third Street,
after considerable delay is reedy for occupancy
and he will be fiepaml to receive tto:k there
for treatment on Monday mming next.
Frank Abell . en A No. I ert:t, aud no
mistake. He take photograph in doudy'as
well a tuuny ui.yt, Mr. Ali'Il will take
great pleasure in tnow.i v.f ti n h. lant -Jul
eoilfcctitn ot j m u
PORTLAND, OREGON, MARCH 28, 187 J).
How to Sustain the Soil.
Kditor Willamette Farmer!
Feeling an interest in tho fiituiv r. well a
the present pruupcrity of the farmer of
Oregon, I beg to offer n few uggiiitioii that
may iu tomo degree snd I think in r. grrnt
measure affect tlmt protjierity.
The great staple of the Willamette Valley
is wheat, nnd to tho best node of inodticing
the greatest amount per ncie, with the least
powiblo cost, and nt the arno time prevrvo
tho quality and ability of toil t" producu
again it the qutttion that interest etery far
mer who raise wheat for tho nmrV.it.
The preservation of the Boil it tho jxiint to
which we nhnll direct our remark in thi
communication. It is n well.kuftwn foci that
tho average yield of wheat jer acre ha de
creased from year to year, until in 185 tlio
year which gave it the largest general yield
wo ever had statiitic thow- our average
yield to lo but seventeen buhel per acre.
Why i thi ?
In 1S71, when wo arrivtd in thi valley
from one of tho Western State, we were Mr
prised to find that it was the universal cus
tom f) hum the straw at threshing, nnd if
pottlble the t.tubble too, tint leaving the
wheat land a bare a the road. And I t.ir.y
wiy that this Miicidal custom lia obtained
ever tinco on our largest farms, t xcept in n
few inttanre.
Now, wo should lesion letter than this.
At any rat-, we ought to profit by the dearly,
bought experience of the nldir State, and
commence miw to preserve our soil, and it
wheat-producing pioiiertiM. Emy time we
raise a crop of whiat a certain amount of
tho wheat-producing proiwrtics of our toil i
consumed in Iu production. We burn the
straw and if posoible the stubble, and nothing
i returned to the mill, and so it is impover
ished to 'that degree. And who cannot ice
that thi way, continued year after year, will
ruin their farms, and they eventually will be
come no better than the "thrown-out" land
of Virginia. Take a ride on the beautiful
plains of our valley with tome intelligent
farmer, and tee how many farms he can point
out to you that have lien thu imiovcrishcd
farms, too, that once yielded their !)0 to 40
bushels of wheat per acre.
Now, will any sane farmir nay tin re im not
tomethiug wrong? Fanner had Jui at well
look thi question square iu the face, and the
sooner the better for their jecuniaryinterittt.
We would suggest, for n conimcnciuient of
the remedy, lint that the burning of the
straw cease now and forever. Secondly, we
must get straw ttacker with our thrctliert,
and thrcth in a lot or taitiiro where wo can
turn stock to the straw without injury to our
wheat lands by tramping in wet weather.
Three men can stock on one pile nil the niraw
an ordinary machine will thicth in one-and-a-half
to two days, and the value of this
ttraw for food for your stock in bed weather
will more than repay thu covt of ttacl.ing,
anil then it very readily rots, and i uon iu
fit condition to haul on to the wheat laud e
manure, and thu wo can liegiu to make r.
start toward replenishing the toil we to long
have roblied of it plant foo-1 by . iitititied
cropping and ttraw.burning.
A a tigii that many of our farmers are In
ginning to think of these thing, we may toy
that there are tiiuiiv threshers in ue in thi
county that have long .ttraw tncktr at
tached, and they will be in demand id! over
the country toon a a chtap mean of saving
cheap food for Mock, and of making manure
to lie returned to our wheat lauds.
Hoping that these remark will indu-e
abler jien than miue to take tho nubject in
hand and agitate it until all our faraieru thai!
profit by them in time to save the quality of
their toil, I thull minor ilw myself,
Heajiectfully yourt, J. 15. J.
(iKU'.Mii.u', Or., March 10, 1S71.
Take Advantage.
Iu one of our ramble a city editor our in
tention was attracted by an unutuul uumUr
of empty cose in front of C. H. Meurtdorffer'
hat store, on Front street. Curious ta know
what all these empty caiex elgnitkd (and a
city editor ha always to e curious) we
entered the store and found tliat our friend
C. H. Mcusiilortler, the jiopular hatter of
I'ortland, had jutt returned from San i'ren
cico, having mode hi purchatet for the
Soring and Summer trade in hi line, Mr,
Meusvlorffer told ut that a time w tie very
dull in San Francisco and wholcaah: house
overstocked, ho had been able witii l-o'.iI coin
in Land to purvhase at nearly bankrupt
prices, and hod taken in a ttock of good and
an assortment never een heretofore in Port
land, and that ho was quit o willing to let ht
customers have the heucut of hi Iuck pur
chases. Wc overhauled hi ttock and u:ut
frankly confet that we have never Men taeh
a splendid assortment of hat and caj and at
ridiculous low price, and we think it oar
duty to call tho attention of the public to
thit event, and would say, "If any one want
a hat, let him go to (.'. H. Mcu-odurffcr',
pricu hit goods and take advantage i ( h.
Jucky puTchate." For hat o' e -ry de . i
tioncall at Me.lortrr . lii.'J.r.-. t.t
or 151 Frofct street
Resolutions of Condolence.
At a mtctiiig of Lebanon (.'range-, March
$, 1671), tho following resolution in regard to
the death of lirotlier A. and Sister K. Salt
martli' childicn, nnd iWtlur Jnme nnd Sis
ter .Minnie S'nltmnrjh' ' two children, wcio
adopted I
Whereas, it ha pleaKd Ood iu Hi nll-wiso
Providence to call thoc dearly beloved
children from the miittt of their lnlior on
earth to tlipir reward in eternity,
Itetolved, That in tht dentil of I'rnthcr
nnd Sister Saltmaith' children, the member
of l.elum n ( I range deeply, rympatliise with
them. , ' '
l'oohtil, That with chaitenrd spirit and
subdued heart we bow iii humble submission
to the will of Him who doetli all thing well,
being by this 1'rovidcrite reminded of our
own approaching dUsolutjun and the futility
of all earthly hope, and being further re
minded of tho great ImjiorUneo of being
ready to be called from labor here to eternal
refreshment liert after. . .
Ite'olved, that our Seirttary lie directed to
furnish the liereaveil families a copy hcivof,
and that he be inttructcdLerewith to present
to them in thene moniint of grief thokind.
licit tymathie of tiii Jrange, and that theto
resolution be spread onthu minute of the
Orange, and else bo tent to the Fahmiin, and
the Albany paper for publication.
The following resolution were adopted by
Lebanon Orange March Stlii
Whereai, it ha pletVi:od in Hi all-wine
Providence to call our LIoved Ilrother A. M,
Jones from tlio midst ofiki labor on tartli to
his reward in eternity, IT
lictolvcd, That in tl:p; death of Ilrother
Joins nm- iifmmunity Attains the lot of an
active, upright, uid it:rirabie citiren, our
(irangu the lot of a' beloved' and worthy
memUr, and hi relative an affectionate
brother.
Kciolvcd, That with chatteuctl tiirit and
tutHlued heart we bow iu humble submission
to tho will of Him who doetli all thing well,
living by thi Providence reminded of our own
approaching dissolution, and the futility of
all earthly hopes, and lieing further reminded
of the great importance of lieing ever ready
to Iki called from labor here to eternal re
freshment hereafter,
Itesolved, that our Secretary 1 directed to
furnish to the lierenvcd family a copy of these
rttolution, and that he lie instructed to pre
tent to them, iu their moment of irricf, the
kindlickt ynipathics of thi Orange, nnd that
thevj ifolutioiit Ihi spread iion our records.
It. A. Ihvim:, )
F. O. H.i.uiiM', Committee.
.1. N. McIKiSAtn, 1
Retoiotlom of Condolence.
At a meeting of Hound Prairie Orange, No.
KM!, P. of H., held nt Iliook' Station, Marion
Comity, March IS, 1S70, tho following rto.
lotion were adopted!
Wheiea, death ha letnoved from our
midst our brother, 1. liryant Lafollett, tli' re
fore, Kciolvcd, That in lum our (ireri,'e lias lost
an efficient and faithful member.
Itesolved, That we tindir to our brother,
1. H. Ijifollett and family, our hcaitfelt
sympatliy iu this, their sorrow end bereave
ment. Koolvcd, That the M-cittnry of our l.iangu
be lequcrted to fiimi:i to the iar-litof our
ileccafi-ti iirotner.i .opyi.t tlieno rt-oiutiou,
with the Kal ot ourdrangu attachtd thereto.
Kefolved, 'lliat the WiLLAHCiTE F.tlOlKli
be rquetted to publish these resolutions.
W.m. Collar!!,
W. C. Hvi:i!Ai:li, Committee.
Siii.k K. A. DoMir, )
W, C. Hi i:UA;i", Secretary.
What Onr President Cost.
A correspondent tend to the Ponton
Herald the following curious calculation! "I
havo been calculating the difference between
the exiene of upjiorting a President of the
United State at the udarie they have re
ceived since tho first inauguration of Wash,
ington with the turn of $10,000 tr year to
each President during hi life, the tame to
commence ujion hi inauguration day, he re
ceiving no other y for hi lervice. The
ixiult i . follow! Salarie from 17t0 to
1870, at a-!,000 iryear, $:!, 100,000; from
187.'! to H7t, at 5W.O0O peryiar, rwo.000:
total. i.yoO.OOO. The eornbiued lire of all
the Pmidtnt to thi date, dating from their
lirtit inauguration amount to "SO ytara, and
at 10,000 K.ryear it amount to SJ.bOO.000.
There lieing ati little difference iu the xum
total, while for mot of the time the salary
ha Uen bat half what it is now, would it not
be better for the country, financially aud
morally, end for the President alto, it they
each received 10,000 per jear during their
live, issuing t rom tneir inauguration; me
prerent extiente of the (loi eminent would be
jiO.OOO tr year instead of fSO.OOO; and it i
not probable that we should have on an
average more than two Kx-Pretideiit living
at one time, and four would not increase the
pieiwet nxute. The object of thu large
talary n a clearly for the purpoe of giving
the outgo.ng PreUUnt a rtictable com
Ittnce to ittire ujn, end not be driTeu to
int r, tal laU.r for li tupport. Would not the
eive jih.ii U- au iL'.proterocJlt',
' SELF-BINDEB8.
A lllllll'I'LTV UVl.KCOMi: AN IMILMOl'H TAT-
KNT HI TAKt: KIT IIIU KM AM. I'll'l'll 01
Willi'.
During the iast few mouths there hat been
considerable discussion pro nnd con rcganling
the telf.bindcr nud tlio small piece of wiru
eoiistantly found in the wheat, nnd tome tcr
rible result hnvo been cited to show the effect
Hide piece of wire have ilium stock. Thcra
can be no doubt hut that such piece of wire
get into tho wheat, and tho question naturally
arise a to "how can this lie overcome" In
our mind it i easy enough, Tho other day
wn visited tho agricultural houwof Newbury,
Chapman & Co., whero wumet Mr. M. Ayew,
who represent the I). M, O'bornu Company.
He showed u n contrivance which he had
mado for taking out tho piece of wire. It
consist simply of two sett of common horse
shoe magnet fastened firmly together. These
are placed iu a siwut which lead from it hop.
per, into which tho wheat to be cleaned i
poured. The w lit at nnd wire in passing down
tho spout itrike thcio magtiitii the wire and
piece of iron ndhcie to thu magnet, nnd tho
wheat poise through. It can be attached to
a separator, or placed in a tett of burr, and
thu clean the wheat at the mill. While wo
weio there Mr. Ayet guvu u an exhibition of
it working. He took a quart of wheat and
mixed in it a large handful of tmull piece of
wire, nails, vciews, etc. They were put
through the machine, and uK)ti examination
not the smallest piece of wire or iron could In-
found in the wheat. There I no patent on
the method, and the coat to miller nnii
threshers, of the magnets, would not be more
than $3 for each pair of burr or each thresher.
Mr.-Ayer U stopping at tho St. Charle Ho
tel, Portland, where any one whoitiuterettttl
can nee a model of the arrangement and wit
net itt operation, lly the utu of it theru
need be no excuse for wire in wheat, nor
would there bo much now if the baud.cutter,
in threshing, used proper care to keep out the
wire. Osborne It Co. furnish a baud-cutting
implement with each of their machine, witli
the use of which it is no trouble to prevent
any wire getting into the cylinder of Un
til rether. e have said to much on thi sub
ject because it in of great inteiest, nud lie
cause we are now tatisfled that most of the
wire found by our mill iu trhe.it get there
for want of piojicr care on the part of the
feeder of the tluesher, and that the magnet,
a shown, will take it all out at well u other
metallic tiibttanct which unavoidably some
time get into wheat. Theru are Neutral
hundred of thu wire binder in use on thi
Northwest Coast, and w nru fcuiu tleie nre
no good reason why tho wheat which i har
vested by them need suffer auy depreciation
whatever on account of the win-.
Quite a joku wa had with ouo of Port
land' coffee end tpico nun, who had Ixgun to
think of purchasing out. Put it wa nig
gested that it would take tho m us out of hi
coll'io. The consequence wn he did not
lenvo hi order for one.
From Happy Flat.
Haii'V Flat, Mareh 'Jl, H7.
Kditor Willamette I'arimri
It sei.nu that since you tnouil to Poitlntul
jour Linn County corrftjiondciit havo failed
to write, so 1 thought I would M-nd you a few
lint.
Tin lo ha lieeu but little seeding done a
yet thi spring iu thi part of the count.
The fall and winter wheat looks well, but thu
larger part of the oats were kill'd by the cold
weather.
The health of the people in this vicinity i
unusually good. Fortunately we have never
luen visited by any of the epidemic that
rage through the country. The lot of ttock
i greater than it ha Uen for many . inter
past, but not a gi-at e wa iinticlpated some
time ago.
I want to ask a fe,w question for) on or
tome of your correspondent to atuwer:
Will milk churned sweet make a much
butter a it would to lst it sour before chum,
ingl
None ton of wild oat hay i tuluahlo for
feed a one ton of timothy?
Ono of your coirespondeut thought it
would be a good plan to kill wild oat to mow
theru. Would it not be better to pasture tin
ground, if it wa tonvtiiient?
I am more than phased with the Fa hum;
since you moved to Portland, and that, you
will still make it warm for the I tig Organ.
liy answering the abote question you w ill
greatly oblige A SithscmistK,
Millinery.
Miss Annie Hensley, who superintends the
trimming department of the millinery tituh.
lithrnent of William Millicau, iu Salem, ha
jutt left on the tteamer for Han Francisco, for
a supply of apriug and sumuitr goods. We
would rocoiiuniuu the lady reader t' the
PAi:MlK to gi her a call whtn needing hat
end lounet. They alio I eep u ime ussorl
mtnt of gUwe., l.aLilker i. i f, r.mi ii.iltt'
underwear
NO. .
I Management of the Brood Mare.
The caio of brood mare will demand it
good slmit) of the breeder'- attention during
the next few month. If owned by n general
farmer, and ncciistomed to work, it i better
to continue to woik them moderately almost
tip to the time of foaling; but great caro
should be taken not to worry nor overload
them, neither should they be required to
make any unusual exertion of any kind, n
any of these cause are liable to induce abor
tion or premature labor. If worked they
should be shod to a to prevent slipping, other
wise strain or fall may occur, which are to
lie carefully avoided.
When tho timo of foaling, approaches, thu
maro should be turned looso in a large and
trougly mado liox-stall, or if tho weather In
mild, in a lot or paddock. Kvcrythiiig should
be removed from the stall that would bo
likely to entangle or injure tho eolt in it
struggles to get on it feet. Theru should bo
no opening under the manger or elscwheru
into which, in it struggles, it might chance
to forco itselfmany dead colt are tnken
evciy year from such trap a these. If tho
weather ! warm, it i decidedly better to
give tlie maie tho run of a good-tired lot for it
i noticeable that when parturition approachc
they usually haven decided aversion to con
finement. If confined in a stall or small pad
dock, the enclosure should lie to trtjuro n to
prevent any attempt nt breaking out, a
theto would be liablu to result III injury to
the mare, nnd sisibly to thu foal. Thu
writer recall ono occasion in hi own experi
encu whero a favorite mare, that wa thought
to lie near the time of foaling, wa brought
from her accustomed jiatturo and placed In
the stable for thu ulght on account of a
probable storm. Thu mare wa left, at we
suppowd, securely fattened iu her box-stall,
Eut to our surprise the next morning we found
er in her accustomed pttturo with n foal by
her tide. Although usually quiet never be
fore known to jump a fence the hail broken
open the door ot her stall and jumped two good
fence to get liaok to hr occustomed haunt
liefore dropping her foal.
Tho average period of gestation iu the mare
is aliout cloven months, but the time varic
considerably, the extreme limit each way be
ing from 300 to 400 dayr, and tho averagu
jH'riod 330 to .140 day! and for two or three
week previous to the usual tirno tlie maro
should be closely watched, a there aro cer
tain sign of thu near approach of Jiarturition
which rarely fall. The udder frequently be
come greatly distended sometime beforu
foaling, but thu "teats" seldom fill out full
and plump to tho end more than a day or two
lieforo tho foal i ilroptieil. Another tigti
which rarely precede the dropping of the
foal more than n wctk or tin days, I u
marked shrinking or falling away of tho
muscular nart on the top of the buttock
Kick of tho hip. In somo case, however,
thu loal may be dropped without any of theso
premonitory sign.
When the mate i a valuable one, and tho
urosiiective foal i looked for with n Kood
deal of interest, it in quitu well to watch her
closely, a many valuabln animal have been
lost which a little attention at the riijlit
moment might havo saved. National Live
Stock Journal, Chicago,
Plow-Monday.
All over I'inglaiul, iu yiur gonu bj, the
time-hoiioreil festival of Plow-Monday wu
joyously observed by the peasantry. On thi
day, which i alway tho flist Monday after
Twelfth-day, agricultural luUuer and hits
landmen weio ncciistoinoil to draw almtlt a
plow and solicit money, with mummeries nnd
dancing, pretuiratory to the leniimmitiicement
of their task after the I'hiistma holiday.
In n few place thov still druw the plow, but
the tjMirt i inontly now loiifined to mum
ming nnd idiiis-gatheling, I'lirnierlv tho
"foobiilow." a it wn culled, wn uUolutely
essential to tho exhibition, ami wn drngifcd in
piocesion to tlio iIoiiik of townsfolk ami
villager. Iini! lots who attached to it.
and from thirty to I'oity stalwnrt youtij; fel
lows, in clean whito sfiiit or smocks, but
pin tec tul from the weather by warm waist
coat underneath, drew it along. Their
smock were gaily decorated nil over with
bright-colored ribbon, tied in knots and
bowr. and their hat weio adorned ill thu
same way. The ageant usually included an
old woman, or u boy dressed nil to represent
one, who wa gaily biilireued nud called
"Itciwv. llieio wuuIo country inimii.
kindrtssed un to plav thu "fool." He wa
covert d with ribbon and clad In skins, with
a depending tail, nnd carried a small box or
can, which he rattled about among thu
spectator to collect donation in, Theso
masqucradcr wciu attended by music and
morris-dancer. And theru w a nUon frolic
some romp by u few giilsiu gaudy finery.
The money collected wu afterward spent III
feasting and couviWality. In olden tr n
very little work wa ecr done during the
twelve day devoted to Christina, r.udfarrrer
were then wont to feast uud lewnrd their
husbandmen for their past ituluitiy. l".ow
Monday seemed to leniuul them ot their but
lie) aud on thu morning of that duy both
men and maiden strove who could thow their
readiness to coiiimtuco the laboi of the ucwiy
itwakeued year by rising tlm arliest. (') am
ber' Journal.
Kvi.itvrillMi that tend to increase thu
yield of any nop i sjiecially interesting to
fanners. Mr. Isaiah '1', Clymer, a practical
Pctu.tYlvanla fanner, claim to havo made o
discovery by which fiom twenty-five to fifty
Iicr cent, may bo gained in the yietu el i.isr.
.etablo potatoes. Hi offer in iv' eiiiig
column i therefore worthy of consideration,
showing, a it doe, hi entire confidence both
in the value of hi system and in tho integrity
of hi fellow farmer, which wo are in'1, s
can not but appreciate.
5
iwwMa3trT,mtir