i
V
$2,50 per Year.
SALEM, OREGON, SEPTEMBER 27, 1878.
Volume X. Numbor 33.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS BY THE
STATE.
Wc aro not disposed to favor any reckless
oYpcndituro of monoy by tho State, for any
purpose whatever. Kconomy and efficiency in
.id ministration is tlio key noto of all party
platfornia,and tho icoplo properly demand that
all parties shall livo up to it, but while- this is
tnto, it in also truo that the Stato should foster
public enterprises when they aro of permanent
necessity, as was tho caso in aiding construc
tion of tho canal and locks at Oregon City,
which tho Stato gave material aid to, thereby
insuring to a great degrco tho welfare of tho
producers of tho Willamette Valley, securing
them returns that have over and again paid
the cost, to tho State, for aid granted this
work.
Wo rocognizo only ono other work of similar
character in which tho Stato can lo called to
tako part, whicq will bo to open tip tho Col
umbia river to free competition and so lesson
tho cct of transportation to tho people of tho
upper country, ull of whoso business is trans
acted with our own metropolis, and bo pays
direct tributo to Oregon and deserves to bo
recognized u identified with our Stat.
The importance of this work docs not need
to bo urged at this timo, as it is too well un
derstood to bo necessary to arguo upon it now.
It will bo' granted that tho construction of
narrow track portage roads around tho Dalles
and tho Cascades is necessary to tho welfare of
tho upper country, which, at tho best, is so ro
inoto from market as to make it doubtful it
production can bo remunerative. Stato aid to
tho amount of 9200,000, tho same a granted
to the locks at Oregon City, will insuro con
struction of these portages, and probably tho
State can bo secured in payment of interest
on tho investment. It is not probablo that
cither tho Northern Pacific railway or tho
government works to open canal and locks
around those portages, can bo completed in
many years, and in tho mean time the people
of that vast and rapidly populating section aro
every year paying enough for transportation
to build theso roods, over what the cost would
bo if these portrges were built and competition
"tor transportation was frco to all.
Our argument is brief, as follows :
If tho Stato had a right to aid tho opening
of transportation on tho Willamette it has
equal right to effect the eamo on tho Columbia.
The imiartonco of the latter work even ex
ceed that of tho former, and greater good will
result and tho work is moro imperatively nec
essary to tho welfaro of tho peoplo interested.
It will rapidly build up and improvo all Kast
cm Oregon, and so add to tho wealth and pros
lority of tho Stato as to increaso its general
protpcrity, aUo, it appears invidious and illib
eral to favor ono section at tho expense of tho
other, without reciprocity.
Measures aro pending before tho legislature
to secure aid for such a purpose, and wo bo
apeak for thorn fair attention and consideration.
The tinio is not sar distant when the political
power of Eastern Oregon will be fully equal to
that of western valleys, and we must not
forget that with what measure we meet to them
, it may bo measured to us again. This is a
matter of such vital importance to them that
Eastern Oregon members are excusable for
pressing it earnestly at this time.
Varietiea of Potatoes
Casiiv, Sept. 18, 1878.
Mh. Kiiitok: This season I have tented tho
following varieties of potatoes, viz: Tho Bur
bank Seedling, Karly Hose, Karly Ohio, Karly
Vermont, Ruby, Kuroka, Brownell's Beauty,
Canby, Snowflako and Mchopao Seedling. I
planted them side by side and gave them tie
iimo ciro and attention. My soil (Baker's
I'rairic) is a sandy loam, not as productivo as
tho most of tho soil of Oregon, but it produces
potatoes of oxcellcnt quality. Tho I'-irly Ohio
ripened about two weeks, and tho Karly Ver
mont and Huby fully a week, earlier than tho
Karly Ko-e. The Karly Hose, Karly Ohio,
Ruby, Uruwnell's Beauty and Snow Hake, pro
duced at the rate of alout l.'17 bushels to tho
acre; the Kurela at tho rate of 1 Hi, and tho
Karly Wrmont At tho rate of lSTi bushels er
aero; tho Mekoiwe Seedling at tho rato of 20!) J;
tho C'auby at tho rato of 3m"; and tho Burbank
Seedling at tho rato of -15!i bushels per acre.
The Mthopac Seedling will rot, and is not
worth cultivating. Tho Canby rotted some
last year, but I have raised it for three years
and find it an excellent lato potato. The Bur
lank Seedling is a largo, smooth, white potato,
excellent for baking or boiling, with less small
ones than any other kind which I know of, and
i think it the best medium late jwtato that I
have ever seen. I have raised five bushels and
forty-four pounds from one pound of the Bur
Link. aakon K. Wait.
Letter from Clackamas County.
Mil. Knrroii: Supposing that a few jottings
from this county (Clackaiias) would bo of in
terest to you and your many readers, I thought
I would w rito soruo that all might 1k informed
of tho good prospects as well as tho poor. We
aro having tho very best of weather for harvest
ing. All our grain is cut, and a good part of it
is threshed, and thoso that had their grain
threshed first aro delivering tho sanio at tho
tr'lls and warehouses whilo they aro having
good roads. Somo sell their wheat now for 85
cents per bushol, whilo others store their wheat
for a higher price Thoso that sell now say
that it is better to sell now than to hold ovor,
waiting for a higher price, and I don't know
but they aro right, taking into consideration tho
loss from vermin and shrinkage, which Li about
livo per cent., say nothing of tho diffcrcuco in
tho roads whero it is a good price. Wheat is
yielding better thnn was exacted beforo we
began to thresh. Tho best yield I have heard
of was about 50 bushels per aero, tho poorest
was nbout 10 bushels per aero; tho former on
slash, tho latter on old land, this crop wan tho
second on tho same pieco of land. Look at tho
contrast thirty bushels of wheat on virgin
soil, whilo old land brought ten. Now this
shows that something is wrong, land losing
sixty-six per cent, of its ingredients for tho
production of wheat, and yet farmora will go
right along sowing wheat on this saino pieco of
land. "Hold on," says ono; "wo summcr-fal
low, thon sow our wheat on this summor-fal
low; then noxt year wo sow to oat." That is
so, but don't you see that whilo you havo dono
this that your land has lost sixty-six per cent.,
as nbovo stated? Now, what you want to do
is this: When you sow your wheat on summer-fallow
you must sow tho same to clover
red, alsiko, or white. Tho rod is tho most
economical because cheaper. Cut your wheat
low so that there will not be too much straw on
tho land; tho mxt year you will have a good
crop of hay, and if you cut it early yoa eon get
a crop of seed that will bo worth moro than
your wheat was tho year previous; and after
you cut tho second crop of hay, and tho scod of
the aftermath is ripe, then turn it under and
bow wheat about tho 10th of September, and
continue so doing for a fow years, and your
land will grow in richness, same as your stock
grow in prico.
I feel liko trying farming on a largo scalo
when I seo and know that clover will do so
much for man if ho will only heed the teach
ings of thoso that havo tried it, and are willing
to stako their all on somo such process ai tho
above. I believe that wo can raise thirty
bushels per acre, on an average, as easy as wo
raiso sixteen. Why not? Because wo don't
follow tho teachings of somo good agricultural
paper, liko tho Willamkttk Fakmmi. Thero
is tho wholo thing in a nutshell.
I am writing too much, but must say that
our oats are not as good as wo thought. They
aro light in yield and light in tho measure.
Tho farmers aro soiling oats for 40 cents per
bushel, delivered in Oregon City, Oats pay
but littlo margin this year. Potatoes aro
scarco, and aro selling for 75 cents per bushel.
I am quite certain that wo will not havo moro
than half a crop. Farmers plant their potatoes
too late; tho dry weather cuts them short, and
the early fall rains will not reclaim them.
Hence wo aro not satisfied with farming, and
get worse as we grow in years. Loiiaink.
Tne Centennial Expense Account,
We are surprised that intelligent men should
treat with indifcrencu tho proposition to reiin
bgrso tho expenses actually incurred in making
the Oregon exhibit at Philadelphia, and also to
pay thoso who had charge of tho exhibit a fair
prico for tho timo thus expended. Wo all
know that tho Centennial exhibit did a great
deal to attract attention to Oregon and has re
sulted in groat lcnefit to onr Stato; this being
to, wo should not grudo a fair reward to tho
man whoso energy, enterprise, and Stato prido
were enlisted in tho effort, and to whom wo
bo greatly owe tho sucoess of the exjtosition.
Mr. Dufur really wai to blamo for neglecting
his own affairs and expending timo and money,
as ho did, for, tho benefit of tho State. No
man should ever trust to the gratitude and ap
preciation of tho public, but as Mr. Dufur did
bo trust us, and has dono us great good, we
should resiioct ourselves enough to recognize
tho value of his services and suitably reward
them.
Okego.v Ixvkxtio.v. F. W. Young, of
Union county, had received through Dewey k
Co,, a patent for a ffrain senarator of hi.
invention.
The Insane Asylum.
Mr.. Knrron: I am not in tho habit of writ
ing, but if I can say anything in regard to tho
Oregon Hospital for tho insano that will be of
any benefit to thoso that aro so unfortunate as
to havo to Ihj sent there, it certainly is my
duty to lo so. I havo been on inmate thero
and know somo things from experience.
Last year, after being sick for three months
or moro at homo, I was taken to Portland and
put in tho Insano Hospital, and I remained
thoro for three months and cloven days, in care
of Dr. J. C. Hawthorne. Dr. Hawthorne was
very kind to me, I believo ho did all ho could
to make mo comfortablo whilo I was thero,
and to tend mo homo well as soon as he could.
I shall always feol very thankful to the Dr.
for his kindness to mo, and I think ho deserves
great praiso for keeping everything neat and
clean.
During my stay thoro I was blest with rea
son enough to tako into consideration the con
dition of tho asylum and it inmates; and,
since I camo home, I seo, by conversing with
people, tlial it is but very few person- that
cither know or think any thing about thin
hospital, and I certainly do think that every
person in this Stato ought to bo interested in
its management, and tho laws in eotnmittiug
persons thero.
When I was thoro I thought thero ought to
be another stockado for tho convalescent, it Li
very disagreeable for a person that is getting
well not to havo any placo outside where ho
can recreate or meditate only in a stockado
filled with idiotic or raving crazy people.
I think that tho law in committing persons
to this hospital ought to bo very particular iu
writing out commitments so as to explain as
near as possible tho exact condition of the
patient to tho doctor, and I think that tho law
ought to compel tho friends of the person that
Is committed there to visit than often, and to
talk with thorn, and da. all tlhuVcAii fcc'ea-
-rv m -, a
courage them to get well. iS'onu but 'those
that havo been banished from home, in sick
ncss of this kind, con realize how comforting it
is to seo and converse with friends from home,
often, and to bo assured by them, that although
you aro compelled to bo away from homo, and
nave nono but strangers for comttanions, your
friends are interested in you and aro anxious
for the timo to come when you can return homo
and till your place there. It my wifo had not
encouraged me in tho way she did with visits
and letters, and other kind friends also en
couraged me, I believo that I would have died
or become hopelessly insane, nud I never can
forget how outers that were there, whou I was,
used to crave to bee somo of their folks from
home. I hopo that if any one reads this who
has a friend in the asylum that thoy will go
and visit mem. J. (.. vyiutk.
Kola, Polk Co.
Oregon Seedling Peach.
ir. it. . rrcuyman scnua us troin Ins
Kast Portland orchard a box with halt a dozen
seedling caches, of which ho says;
"They aro seedlings of mv own raisino: tho
tree came into bearing last year at 4 yearn old.
'Pl.t- ..U .!, .1 4J..4 ! -L 11. !
. ft-,,, w iud uio. premium ui me lost
State Fair for tho best now seedling. I think
it tho finest cling peach that Oregon has ever
produced. Tho tree is clear of blight and a
great bearer. I am setting out an orchard of
several hundred trees of this new peach for the
Portland market. I wont you to try it and see
whether you think it is worthy of cultivation
or not."
To this we respond that tho peach is a beauti
ful fruit in appearance, largo iu size, and ex
cellent in quality. It seems to deserve tho
award it received last fall at tho State Fair
and comes up to all ho claims for it. Of course
fruit originating iu our State may be consider
ed more suited to our climate than imported
varieties, and if (his uach will not blight it
will prove a most nluable addition to Oregon
jtomology.
The White China Bog.
Mil. Kditor: In looking through tho prem
ium list offered by tho Stato Agricultural
Society for tho present year, I notice w hat ap
pears to mo to be a very important omission,
and I feel quite satisfied it is because their at
tention has not been called to tho matter. It
is this: in division D, under tho head "Swino
and Poaltry," premiums are offered first for
Berkshire; second, for Poland-China or Magic;
third, Chester Whito; fourth, Ksscx; fifth,
Graded. Now, Mr. Editor, thero is another
strain or breed of hogs in this Stato that I think
worthy of encouragement, and they aro not un
known to the farmers and butchers of Oregon.
I refer to the Whito China, n small-boned,
round, plump, heavy hog. It is tho most
docile, easy kept, easy fattened, and most
profitable for the farmer of any other variety;
and equally acceptable to the butcher as a
small-boned, round-hammed, meaty hog. 1
feel safe in saying that, except on ono point,
they will bo the most acceptable to tho farmers
of this valley of any other breed that is, they
are not co prolific an somo other breeds. It
may be asked, with all thorn; excellent and
desirable qualities, why are they not moro
generally bred? I answer that the farmers
have in this instance, as with tho horse, been
decoyed from their real interest, and have run
after fancy, far-sought, and expensive breeds,
until to-day thero are but fow of tho pure
"Small" White China pigs to bo found in tho
Stato. After making considerable inquiry and
search, I found and bought a pair of those pigs
that are represented on being pure Whito
China, which I intend to put on exhibition at
approaching State Fair, if I bhall be allowed a
pen to put them in. Still, I believo they
ought to be allowed to compete with others for
a premium. I hope tho Board will tako this
matter under advisement at their first meetina
on the Fair (Sroand, to tho end that justice
may be dono, as I'm satis fiod that tho testi
mony of every man that has ever owned tho
White. China pig will be that thoy will produce
mora mo for the amount of feed, and with
less trouble, than any oihor breed.
Dan'i. Clajix.
Pleasant Point Form, Marion Co.
FB1VATE PREMIUMS.
I offer four beautiful premiums at our
next Stato Fair for tho largest ami best display
of dried fruits dried by the Pluinmer 1'rootiw,
jacked and exhibited by tho manufacturer, to
lie exhibited iu grand lwvilion built expressly
for tho puriorto. I wish all who own Pluinmer
Dryers to particiiwto, as the .Stato Fair prom
iscs to bo a grand display of Oregon product
and manufacturer, and there is no doubt but
all that partkiiiato will be greatly benefited.
W. S. Pluxmkii.
Marion County Pomona Grange.
Marion countv I'nmnna Cmnrm uill l.f.l.l -
regular quarterly meeting in Salem on Friday
the 4th day of October next beginning at 11
o'clock a. m. The election of ofiictrs for the
ensuing year with other important business
will be transacted at this mooting. A full
meeting is important. Dan'l Claim,
waiem, oept. 7U, iirjB. Master.
Ohkoon Fiiurra at Pauls Kxrosrno.v.
Among the awards at Paris Oregon figures well,
and among tho rust W, S. Plummcr received a
gold modal for his magnificent display of dried
fruits. Ho sent to Paris the same display that
was exhibited last fall at our State Fair, in
cluding 80 boxes elegantly put up in glass,
making a fine showiug. This introduction of
our fruits to tho notice of Kuropoan epicures is
calculated to givo us a good market there in
tho future Mr. Hummer is putting up many
now machines, and Oregon orchards will bo
more productivo as the business of fruit drying
increases. Tuesday ho put a dryer to work for
D. P. Porter of linu couuty, and Wednesday
ordered ono for J. L. Parish of Salem. His
sales tho present year aro so numerous that wo
may look for a greatly increased production of
machine dried fruits the present fall.
Trait Drying in folk County
Tho following named persons have bought
Fruit Dryers of W. R. Plummcr, and aro now
operating same in Polk county: C. C. Walker,
Major W. M. Walker, and Win. Phillips, of
Spring Valley. S. S. Whitman, of Monmouth.
Cold Hubbard, C. D. Kmbrie, Mrs. Dr. Boyle,
John Thomas 2 machines on Col. Ncsmith's
place, of Dixie. Wm. Uiible, Mr. Huble, Mr.
Harrison aud K. F. lliwford of Kola. Polk
county will bo well represented iu tho Dried
Fruit market with all theso producer-! at work.
Valuablo Snoop KlUod.
Tho II o'clock freight train jtstcrday morn,
iug ran into a lino band of Merino sheep, he
longiuu to Mr. T. I Davidson, on his farm,
one mile south of this city, killing tight and
crippling four, loino of which will bo apt to
die. Ono of those, killed was imported from
New York, and wai a nry altiahlo shiep.
Socral of thootherswero valued at one hundred
dollar each by Mr. Davidson, whilo come of
tho Kind cost Mr, Davidson us high as 8.100.
Tho Centennial medal was awarded Mr. David
son at tho Centennial Kxittiitinn for wool from
this band, ai Ixing the liuest on exhibition.
Money cannot make the loss good, as it cannot
repUco the quality of tho sheep.
Assessment Laws.
Somo change in tho laws for ossoasment of
property and collection of taxevtsoems'to bo
necessary, and wo notice that numerous meas
ures aro ponding with rotation, to this subject.
A bill by Hon. A. S. Watt, senator from
Washington county, proposes to revise the
wholo system of asscssmenta, and another by
Hon. M. C. lleorgo, senator from Multnomah,
provides for equalization of taxes in tho differ
ent counties. Thoso measure receive consider
able attontion. and wn r innNmut tn tklntr
that this very important matter will be iu
inucn uciier snapo n moy pM OnU Docomit
law. Tho present system is bod, cannot bo
effectually enforced, and seems to offer a
premium for perjury without obtaining a cor
rect assossmont of property, or insuring oqual
taxation, Wo need a law that can bo oniorord,
and it U hardly possible that any law that can
bo framed will ploaso nil tho tax payers.
Washington County Fair.
Tho Washington Oonnty Acriculturul Socielv
held its annual fair tho present week with, do-
lightful weathei in its favor. Thia fair is al
ways well couductcd in tho interest of uro.
ducers of that county. Tho rain of Monday
woh followed by Dlonoua weather and nrovrd
an odvontogo. Tho exhibit bocim to have
been good, aud so far ns wo can learn un to
timo of going to press Uio fair will provo a sue-
ccmi. A good show of stock ts on tho ground
ond tho trials of Biicod scorned to bo chief
items of intnMt. ft nnt ran tn :..:..
ccunty fairs because tho greater attractions of
mo niAto riur wiu always inierioro, but Wash
ington county shows rjitcrpriso In thia direc
tion and is tho only county in tho Biato that
proves able to hold its own in this particular.
AWAUD OF PRLZEf.
The following letter will require no ex
planation i
TAiim, Aug. 30, 1878.
I Korron of thb OnnarKXAN t
I tokn tUecanr fn uiuiubm haWi wm 41.
tho following prixos have beea awarded so far:
ijiuourapjoiniDn, goia meaai lorwbeat.
Medal of Honor, wljicli u jqv1 to W social,
for wood. Two silver medals for aatawa.
Bronao modal for Oregon furniture manufacture.
Bronze modal for Phimmer dried fruH, Class
40 for wool and furs not known yet; neither
class 49 for flour. Morning papers annoonco
officially that tho distribution of prime will
only take ploco on tho 21st of October, instead
of of 18th of September on first announced.
This postponement causes much dissatisfaction
among exhibitors. Truly yours.
J. VakUsdiide.v.
Death of Prominent Men.
Julius C. Moroland, a well known lawyer or
Portland, diod in that city, Wodmwday, Sept.
23, of typhoid fover, complicated by a relapse,
and inflammation of tho lungs.
K. A, Croniti, of tho samo city, whose name
Li familiar with tho electoral matter, also died
tho same day. Ho was a man of gonial quali
ties and had many good traits and a host of
friend.
BeanttTut Prospect.
Seeding is going on now with rapidity and on
a largo scale, in this county since the heavy
rain of Monday last. The dust is laid, the air
purified, the fires extinguished in the forests,
the dense smoke cleared away, and everything
hot a bright and ekar appeal ouoc. Never woe
a rata mote welcome than the one on Monday.
HeaTy Malls.
Tho Salem postoflic officials are sending elT
a large amount of mail from this place. Yes
terday thrco sacks were sent, and to-day (Fri
day) the extraordinary number of twelve started
on their journey. The members of the Legis
lature scud off considerable mail matter, ond
tho several newspapers mako up the balance.
Of tho lot Mint to-day, fully one-third was
from the Willamette Farmer office. (Itceoril.
Sept. 20.
HrU) ton MuiiiiKU. -Judge Adams, of
Portland, has committed J. K. Mercer to Li I
without bail, to await a trial for murdtr.
(Inventor W. V. Thayer, yesterday afterunuii
npiHiuitul T. C. Bell, nf Bethel, Polk county,
a Notary Public, to resido in Polk county.
Victoria, Sept. 2,1. -Tho Chinese lax cuto
will coiuo up on Monday before tho miureisn
court on a writ of replevin. It is intimated
that tho Ctlcstiali are tind nf tho strike and
will return to their situations on Monday,
Tbostreuts will bo lighted with gas aftir
October Int.
D. V. Iliiorini. iditor of the Colonist. N
bound over to anncar ul tho n-wiMn for an iu.
mult on Holluway, reporter of the HUndurd.
A parjgranli rellectiug on Miggins' family ap
iioarod in thu SuinLiid on f'ndav. and Hiee-nu
oaneil Holloway sorer ly in front of the mi-
pre me court rooms ino samo day.
St. Petersburg Sent. 2,'l. -den. Todlebin
ti'legruphi the czar that ho was reooived at
Adminoplo by Mussulman, lrek, Bulgarian,
Armenian and Jewish clergy, who requested
him Ui oxiircm their gratitude for the predic
tion which thu HuKji.in authorities uod afford
ed them. They stated that such onler and
jiutico had n-er Uforo prevailed, as during
thu occupation by KtiHNian troops. Adrianople
was illuminated on the srrivul and departure of
(ten, Todlebeu, and tint gate of Mm mesqu
bore the ev-'s iurtiats.
?m
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